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Strong ion difference: Inconsistencies lining up Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Peter Bie
Incongruence between new ideas and current concepts fuels scientific progress. Within acid‐balance physiology, an ‐ apparently new ‐ idea of a ‘strong ion difference’ in plasma (SID) was introduced by Stewart some forty years ago 1‐3. SID is ‘the sum of all strong base cation concentrations minus the sum of all strong acid anion concentrations’2, in clinical practice often ([Na+] + [K+] ‐ [Cl‐]) in
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Clustering of desmosomal cadherins by desmoplakin is essential for cell‐cell adhesion Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 Marie‐Therès Wanuske; Dominique Brantschen; Camilla Schinner; Chiara Stüdle; Elias Walter; Matthias Hiermaier; Franziska Vielmuth; Jens Waschke; Volker Spindler
Desmoplakin (Dp) is a crucial component of the desmosome, a supramolecular cell junction complex anchoring intermediate filaments. The mechanisms how Dp modulates cell‐cell adhesion are only partially understood. Here, we studied the impact of Dp on the function of desmosomal adhesion molecules, desmosome turnover and intercellular adhesion.
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Chromogranin A in Cardiovascular Endocrinology Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Jens P. Goetze; Linda M. Hilsted; Jens F. Rehfeld
Chromogranin A is a cumbersome protein. Its biochemical properties, its expression profile in a plethora of cells, its multiple fragments and molecular forms, and their presumed biological activities (1). As the name refers to, the protein belongs to a class of granins, which were first defined as proteins involved in the formation and function of secretory granules (2‐4). The other part of the name
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Angiotensin II receptor blockade alleviates calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity by restoring cyclooxygenase 2 expression in kidney cortex Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Junda Hu; Yan Xu; Sebastian Bachmann; Kerim Mutig
The use of calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) for immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation is commonly limited by renal side effects. CsA‐induced deterioration of glomerular filtration rate and sodium retention may be related to juxtaglomerular dysregulation as a result of suppressed cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) and stimulated renin biosynthesis. We tested whether CsA‐induced
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Record in submissions to Acta Physiologica Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 P.B. Persson
Last year, in many ways, was remarkable, also for Acta Physiologica. Strangely, manuscript submissions did not surge during the most rigid periods of lockdown in March and April. Too stunned by the events, not many scientists swapped their pipette for the fountain pen to bring to paper what had long been on their minds. We actually observed an 8%‐decline in submissions during these two months. However
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Ether lipids, sphingolipids and toxic 1‐deoxyceramides as hallmarks for lean and obese type 2 diabetic patients Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 J. Thomas Hannich; Ursula Loizides‐Mangold; Flore Sinturel; Takeshi Harayama; Bart Vandereycken; Camille Saini; Pauline Gosselin; Marie‐Claude Brulhart‐Meynet; Maud Robert; Stephanie Chanon; Christine Durand; Jonathan Paz Montoya; Fabrice P. A. David; Idris Guessous; Zoltan Pataky; Alain Golay; François R. Jornayvaz; Jacques Philippe; Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis; Steven A. Brown; Etienne Lefai; Howard
The worldwide increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a major health challenge. Chronically altered lipids induced by obesity further promote the development of T2D, and the accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites in serum and peripheral organs may contribute to the diabetic phenotype.
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Physical exercise—A toxin‐free complement to cancer therapy Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Kathrin Groeneveld
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease which can influence many facets of the human physiology. Treatments and therapies of cancer are as diverse as the illness itself and often come with toxic side effects. In many reviews, researchers regularly summarize the newest results and try to untangle the complexity of cancer and cancer‐related research.1 This review aims to connect recent research on the field
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Sealing t‐tubules increases the energy cost of cardiac contraction Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Cecilia Ferrantini; Corrado Poggesi
The work “Disruption of transverse‐tubular network reduces energy efficiency in cardiac muscle contraction” by Mellor et al1 that appears in this issue of Acta Physiologica brings together the scientific interests and technical skills of two worlds: that of fine intact cardiac muscle energetics and mechanics (eg Tran et al2 and other studies by Loiselle and his collaborators) and the one of disease‐associated
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Keratin 1: A negative regulator of inflammation and potential treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-06 Jennifer K. Trittmann
This study by Zhang et al entitled ‘Keratin 1 attenuates hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension through suppressing pulmonary artery media smooth muscle expansion’ is presented in a recent edition of Acta Physiologica.1 Leading up to this research were at least three key ideas: (a) that keratin 1 (Krt1) is considered the gatekeeper of the skin's innate immune response for its important regulatory role
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Cav3.1 t‐type calcium channel is critical for cell proliferation and survival in newly generated cells of the adult hippocampus Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Yasushi Yabuki; Kazuya Matsuo; Mengze Yu; Jing Xu; Kenji Sakimura; Norifumi Shioda; Kohji Fukunaga
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and maintenance in mammals. Low‐threshold voltage‐gated T‐type calcium channels produce calcium spikes that increase fast action potentials in newborn cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG); however, their role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis
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Cardiac sensory afferents modulate susceptibility to anxio‐depressive behaviour in a mouse model of chronic heart failure Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Marc Kermorgant; Jennifer Ben Salem; Jason S. Iacovoni; Denis Calise; Lionel Dahan; Bruno P. Guiard; Sébastien Lopez; Olivier Lairez; Antoine Lasbories; Nathalie Nasr; Anne Pavy Le‐Traon; Francis Beaudry; Jean‐Michel Senard; Dina N Arvanitis
Impairments in cerebral structure and cognitive performance in chronic heart failure (CHF) are critical components of its comorbidity spectrum. Autonomic afferents that arise from cardiac sensory fibres show enhanced activity with CHF. Desensitization of these fibres by local application of resiniferatoxin (RTX) during myocardial infarction (MI) is known to prevent cardiac hypertrophy, sympathetic
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Glucose‐induced cAMP elevation in β‐cells involves amplification of constitutive and glucagon‐activated GLP‐1 receptor signalling Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Hongyan Shuai; Yunjian Xu; Parvin Ahooghalandari; Anders Tengholm
cAMP typically signals downstream of Gs‐coupled receptors and regulates numerous cell functions. In β‐cells, cAMP amplifies Ca2+‐triggered exocytosis of insulin granules. Glucose‐induced insulin secretion is associated with Ca2+‐ and metabolism‐dependent increases of the sub‐plasma‐membrane cAMP concentration ([cAMP]pm) in β‐cells, but potential links to canonical receptor signalling are unclear. The
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EGCG inhibits pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy via the PSMB5/Nmnat2/SIRT6‐dependent signalling pathways Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Yi Cai; Shan Shan Yu; Yang He; Xue Ying Bi; Si Gao; Ting Dong Yan; Guo Dong Zheng; Ting Ting Chen; Jian Tao Ye; Pei Qing Liu
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol found in green tea, exerts multiple protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its anti‐hypertrophic effect has not been clarified. This study revealed that EGCG could inhibit pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the PSMB5/Nmnat2/SIRT6‐dependent
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SARS‐CoV‐2 effects on the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, therapeutic implications Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 Qing Ye; En Yin Lai; Friedrich C. Luft; Pontus B. Persson; Jianhua Mao
Angiotensin converting enzyme‐2 (ACE‐2) is the cell‐surface receptor enabling viral uptake of corona virus 2019 (SARS‐CoV‐2), thus ACE‐2 is a first step towards COVID‐19 disease. ACE‐2 is a metalloenzyme located primarily on the apical surface, and serves as the entry point also for other coronaviruses, including HCoV‐NL63 and SARS‐CoV. Throughout evolution, ACE‐2 precedes renin, suggesting that ACE‐2’s
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The vagal nerves—Important connectors of the gut and brain for energy balance Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Ghulam Shere Raza; Karl‐Heinz Herzig
The two wandering (latin: vagare) vagal nerves are the longest nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system, reaching from the vagal nuclei in the medulla to the colon, straying in the entire abdominal cavity. The nerves possess more afferent than efferent fibres, depending on species and their location—subdiaphragmatic and cervical parts. The neurons of the afferent fibres are located in the jugular
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Uterine contractions in rodent models and humans Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-18 Manasi Malik; Michelle Roh; Sarah K. England
Aberrant uterine contractions can lead to preterm birth and other labour complications and are a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. To investigate the mechanisms underlying dysfunctional uterine contractions, researchers have used experimentally tractable small animal models. However, biological differences between humans and rodents change how researchers select their animal model
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Cholinergic receptor–independent modulation of intrinsic resonance in the rat subiculum neurons through inhibition of hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Sonali Vasnik; Sujit K. Sikdar
Acetylcholine release is vital in the pacing of theta rhythms in the hippocampus. The subiculum is the output region of the hippocampus with different neuronal subtypes that generate theta oscillations during arousal and rapid eye movement sleep. The combination of intrinsic resonance in the hippocampal neurons and the periodic excitation of hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory neurons by cholinergic
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Mog1 to tbx5‐cryab/hspb2: A novel signalling network potentiates heart failure? Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-06 Linglin Xie
Today, heart failure remains a serious global health challenge. It affects more than 6.2 million people in the United States according to the 2019 data and this number is predicted to reach over 8 million by 2030. The ontology of heart failure involves a pathological process termed adverse remodelling, which is defined by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. In the current issue of Acta Physiologica
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ZFHX3 knockdown dysregulates mitochondrial adaptations to tachypacing in atrial myocytes through enhanced oxidative stress and calcium overload Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Baigalmaa Lkhagva; Yung‐Kuo Lin; Yao‐Chang Chen; Wan‐Li Cheng; Satoshi Higa; Yu‐Hsun Kao; Yi‐Jen Chen
To investigate the role of zinc finger homeobox 3 gene (ZFHX3) in tachypacing‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and explore its molecular mechanisms and potential as a therapeutic target in atrial fibrillation (AF).
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Endothelial KCa1.1 and KCa3.1 channels mediate rat intrarenal artery endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization response Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 Estéfano Pinilla; Ana Sánchez; María P. Martínez; Mercedes Muñoz; Albino García‐Sacristán; Ralf Köhler; Dolores Prieto; Luis Rivera
Endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization (EDH)‐mediated response plays an essential role in the control of kidney preglomerular circulation, but the identity of the K+ channels involved in this response is still controversial. We hypothesized that large‐ (KCa1.1), intermediate‐ (KCa3.1) and small (KCa2.3) ‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (KCa) channels are expressed in the endothelium of the preglomerular
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Reversal of renal tissue hypoxia during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass in sheep by increased pump flow and arterial pressure Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Yugeesh R. Lankadeva; Roger G. Evans; Andrew D. Cochrane; Bruno Marino; Sally G. Hood; Peter R. McCall; Naoya Iguchi; Rinaldo Bellomo; Clive N. May
Renal tissue hypoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass could contribute to the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. We tested whether renal tissue hypoxia can be alleviated during cardiopulmonary bypass by the combined increase in target pump flow and mean arterial pressure.
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High phosphate impairs arterial endothelial function through AMPK‐related pathways in mouse resistance arteries Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Weipeng Hu; Shan Jiang; Yixin Liao; Jinhong Li; Fang Dong; Jie Guo; Xiaohua Wang; Lingyan Fei; Yu Cui; Xiaoqiu Ren; Nan Xu; Liang Zhao; Limeng Chen; Yali Zheng; Lingli Li; Andreas Patzak; Pontus B. Persson; Zhihua Zheng; En Yin Lai
In patients with renal disease, high serum phosphate shows a relationship with cardiovascular risk. We speculate that high phosphate (HP) impairs arterial vasodilation via the endothelium and explore potential underlying mechanisms.
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Impaired renal HCO3− secretion in CFTR deficient mice causes metabolic alkalosis during chronic base‐loading Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Peder Berg; Samuel L. Svendsen; Thi Thuy Linh Hoang; Helle A. Praetorius; Mads V. Sorensen; Jens Leipziger
Cystic fibrosis patients have an increased risk of developing metabolic alkalosis presumably as a result of altered renal HCO3− handling. In this study, we directly assess the kidneys’ ability to compensate for a chronic base‐load in the absence of functional CFTR.
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Attenuation of inward rectifier potassium current contributes to the α1‐adrenergic receptor‐induced proarrhythmicity in the caval vein myocardium Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Alexandra D. Ivanova; Tatiana S. Filatova; Denis V. Abramochkin; Andrew Atkinson; Halina Dobrzynski; Zarema G. Kokaeva; Ekaterina M. Merzlyak; Ksenia B. Pustovit; Vladislav S. Kuzmin
This study is aimed at investigation of electrophysiological effects of α1‐adrenoreceptor (α1‐AR) stimulation in the rat superior vena cava (SVC) myocardium, which is one of the sources of proarrhythmic activity.
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Myonuclear content and domain size in small versus larger muscle fibres in response to 12 weeks of resistance exercise training in older adults Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 Tim Snijders; Andy M. Holwerda; Luc J. C. van Loon; Lex B. Verdijk
To assess the relation between muscle fibre hypertrophy and myonuclear accretion in relatively small and large muscle fibre size clusters following prolonged resistance exercise training in older adults.
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Mitochondrial quality surveillance as a therapeutic target in myocardial infarction Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Hang Zhu; Sam Toan; David Mui; Hao Zhou
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As mitochondrial dysfunction critically contributes to the pathogenesis of MI, intensive research is focused on the development of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondria possess a quality control system which maintains and restores their structure and function by regulating mitochondrial
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Microbiota‐derived extracellular vesicles and metabolic syndrome Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Alexandre Villard; Jérôme Boursier; Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
Metabolic syndrome is a major health‐problem concerning approximately 25% of worldwide population. Metabolic syndrome regroups a cluster of five metabolic abnormalities predisposing to Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Dysbiotic gut microbiota is accompanied by an increase of both intestinal permeability and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns translocation into blood circulation to induce metabolic endotoxemia
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A triple sense of oxygen promotes neurovascular angiogenesis in NG2‐derived cells Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Christian Rosenberger; Michael Fähling
Expansion and remodelling of the cerebral vasculature via the induction of pro‐angiogenic genes is a crucial issue in many pathologies. Urrutia et al1 demonstrate how NG2‐derived cells in the brain sense oxygen to promote neurovascular angiogenesis. Master regulator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, which includes angiogenesis, is the Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Three isoforms exist of the cellular
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Deciphering the molecular mechanism of SK2 channel activation by intracellular calcium to develop new therapeutic agents Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Romain Vitello; Frédéric Kerff; Jean‐François Liégeois
This issue of Acta Physiologica presents the latest work of Dr Zhang and his team concerning the mechanism of activation of small‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (SK) channels, and more precisely the SK2 subtype.1 Indeed, these still poorly understood channels play important roles in the physiology and the pathology of several types of cells. SK channels are encoded by four different genes, namely KCNN1
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Solute excretion, metabolism, and cardio‐renoprotection via two distinct mechanisms revolutionize clinical outcomes Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 Friedrich C. Luft
Two pharmacological principles, one at least 80 years old and another over 60 years old, have recently come to fruition. The first, phlorizin, was thought to cause diabetes, but then a closer look revealed a renal mechanism that was independent of insulin or insulin deficiency. Research into its action facilitated the discovery of sodium‐dependent glucose transporters. The second compound came close
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The regulation of gastric ghrelin secretion Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 Maria Nunez‐Salces; Hui Li; Christine Feinle‐Bisset; Richard L. Young; Amanda J. Page
Ghrelin is a gastric hormone with multiple physiological functions, including the stimulation of food intake and adiposity. It is well established that circulating ghrelin levels are closely associated with feeding patterns, rising strongly before a meal and lowering upon food intake. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of ghrelin secretion are not fully understood. The purpose of this
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Germ‐free mice are not protected against diet‐induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Chiara H. Moretti; Tomas A. Schiffer; Xuechen Li; Eddie Weitzberg; Mattias Carlström; Jon O. Lundberg
Studies in the past 15 years have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in modulation of host metabolism. The observation that germ‐free (GF) mice are leaner than conventionally raised (CONV) mice and their apparent resistance to diet‐induced obesity (DIO), sparked the interest in dissecting the possible causative role of the gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic diseases. However, discordant
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The absence of functional bassoon at cone photoreceptor ribbon synapses affects signal transmission at Off cone bipolar cell contacts in mouse retina Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Norbert Babai; Julia von Wittgenstein; Kaspar Gierke; Johann Helmut Brandstätter; Andreas Feigenspan
Off cone bipolar cells of the mammalian retina connect to cone photoreceptor synaptic terminals via non‐invaginating flat contacts at a considerable distance from the only established neurotransmitter release site so far, the synaptic ribbon. Diffusion from the ribbon synaptic active zone is considered the most likely mechanism for the neurotransmitter glutamate to reach postsynaptic receptors on the
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L‐lactate induces neurogenesis in the mouse ventricular‐subventricular zone via the lactate receptor HCA1 Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Marvin Lambertus; Linda Thøring Øverberg; Krister A. Andersson; Malin S. Hjelden; Alena Hadzic; Øyvind P. Haugen; Jon Storm‐Mathisen; Linda Hildegard Bergersen; Samuel Geiseler; Cecilie Morland
Adult neurogenesis occurs in two major niches in the brain: the subgranular zone of the hippocampal formation and the ventricular‐subventricular zone. Neurogenesis in both niches is reduced in ageing and neurological disease involving dementia. Exercise can rescue memory by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis, but whether exercise affects adult neurogenesis in the ventricular‐subventricular zone remains
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Decidual factors and vasoactive intestinal peptide guide monocytes to higher migration, efferocytosis and wound healing in term human pregnancy Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Daniel Esteban Paparini; Esteban Grasso; Laura del Carmen Fernandez; Fátima Merech; Rodrigo Weingrill‐Barbano; Simone Correa‐Silva; Gustavo Izbizky; José Ignacio Abasolo; Vanesa Hauk; Rosanna Ramhorst; Estela Bevilaqcua; Claudia Pérez Leirós
To explore the functional profile of circulating monocytes and decidual macrophages at term human pregnancy and their contribution to tissue repair upon stimulation ex vivo with decidual factors and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).
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Influence of blood haemoglobin concentration on renal haemodynamics and oxygenation during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass in sheep Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Yugeesh R. Lankadeva; Clive N. May; Andrew D. Cochrane; Bruno Marino; Sally G. Hood; Peter R. McCall; Nobuki Okazaki; Rinaldo Bellomo; Roger G. Evans
Blood transfusion may improve renal oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In an ovine model of experimental CPB, we tested whether increasing blood haemoglobin concentration [Hb] from ~7 g dL−1 to ~9 g dL−1 improves renal tissue oxygenation.
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Mesangial Cells Regulate the Single Nephron GFR and Preserve the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier: An Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Study Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Vera Ziegler; Katharina Fremter; Julia Helmchen; Ralph Witzgall; Hayo Castrop
The intraglomerular mesangial cells are located between the glomerular capillaries. Here we hypothesized that mesangial cells regulate the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (snGFR) and that mesangial cells support the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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The effect of blood‐flow‐restricted interval training on lactate and H+ dynamics during dynamic exercise in man Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Danny Christiansen; Kasper Eibye; Morten Hostrup; Jens Bangsbo
To assess how blood‐flow‐restricted (BFR) interval‐training affects the capacity of the leg muscles for pH regulation during dynamic exercise in physically trained men.
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ADAMTS13 inhibits oxidative stress and ameliorates progressive chronic kidney disease following ischaemia/reperfusion injury Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Suhan Zhou; Jie Guo; Liang Zhao; Yixin Liao; Qin Zhou; Yu Cui; Weipeng Hu; Jianghua Chen; Xiaoqiu Ren; Qichun Wei; Shan Jiang; Yali Zheng; Lingli Li; Christopher S. Wilcox; Pontus B. Persson; Andreas Patzak; Jiong Tian; En Yin Lai
Reduced A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with a ThromboSpondin type 1 motif member 13 (ADAMTS13) levels are observed in kidney disease. We test whether recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13) mitigates renal injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the potential mechanisms.
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GLP‐1 modulates insulin‐induced relaxation response through β‐arrestin2 regulation in diabetic mice aortas Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Kumiko Taguchi; Nozomu Kaneko; Kanami Okudaira; Takayuki Matsumoto; Tsuneo Kobayashi
Diabetes impairs insulin‐induced endothelium‐dependent relaxation by reducing nitric oxide (NO) production. GLP‐1, an incretin hormone, has been shown to prevent the development of endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we hypothesized that GLP‐1 would improve the impaired insulin‐induced relaxation response in diabetic mice. We also examined the underlying mechanisms.
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Pregnancy Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Pontus B. Persson; Anja B. Persson
To bioscientists and healthcare professionals "dedicated both to scientific truth and to the Hippocratic tradition" (1) , care for human health and wellbeing through all phases of life is the underlying prior objective of all academic efforts. However, care for human life begins even before conception, when e.g. the reduction of parental risk factors paves the way towards a healthy pregnancy (2). Recent
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The Insulin/Insulin‐like Growth Factor signalling connects metabolism with sexual differentiation Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Benjamin D. Weger; Frédéric Gachon
Sexual differentiation is a complex process, not only dependent on the XY sex‐determination system. The environment, nutrition, metabolic status, sleep and pollutants also play a pivotal role. Correspondingly, the Insulin/Insulin‐like Growth Factor (IGF) pathway has been described as a key player of sexual development and reproduction.1 In this issue, Radovic Pletikosic and colleagues demonstrated
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Endogenous flux of nitric oxide: Citrulline is preferred to Arginine Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Zahra Bahadoran; Parvin Mirmiran; Khosrow Kashfi; Asghar Ghasemi
Both arginine (Arg) and its precursor citrulline (Cit) have received much interest in the past two decades because of their potential effects on whole‐body nitric oxide (NO) production and augmentation of NO‐dependent signalling pathways. However, the usefulness of Arg supplementation for NO production is questionable because of its high splanchnic first pass metabolism (FPM), which limits its systemic
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Kidney research Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Ralf Mrowka
Kidney research has been one major focus of publications of recent articles published in Acta physiologica. A number of articles deal with the elucidation of kidney disease models1-12 and the role of oxygen regulation in the kidney.13-16 This contribution focusses on articles that deal with kidney disease models and in the second part on articles that are related to the topic hypoxia and oxygen regulation
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Natriuretic peptides relax human intrarenal arteries through natriuretic peptide receptor type‐A recapitulated by soluble guanylyl cyclase agonists Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Andreas Frees; Kasper B. Assersen; Mia Jensen; Pernille B.L. Hansen; Paul M. Vanhoutte; Kirsten Madsen; Anna Federlein; Lars Lund; Anja Toft; Boye L. Jensen
Natriuretic peptides, BNP and ANP increase renal blood flow in experimental animals. The signalling pathway in human kidney vasculature is unknown. It was hypothesized that BNP and ANP cause endothelium‐independent relaxation of human intrarenal arteries by vascular natriuretic peptide receptor‐A, but not ‐B and ‐C, which is mimicked by agonists of soluble guanylyl cyclase sGC.
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The chromogranin A1‐373 fragment reveals how a single change in the protein sequence exerts strong cardioregulatory effects by engaging neuropilin‐1 Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-18 Carmine Rocca; Fedora Grande; Maria Concetta Granieri; Barbara Colombo; Anna De Bartolo; Francesca Giordano; Vittoria Rago; Nicola Amodio; Bruno Tota; Maria Carmela Cerra; Bruno Rizzuti; Angelo Corti; Tommaso Angelone; Teresa Pasqua
Chromogranin A (CgA), a 439‐residue long protein, is an important cardiovascular regulator and a precursor of various bioactive fragments. Under stressful/pathological conditions, CgA cleavage generates the CgA1‐373 proangiogenic fragment. The present work investigated the possibility that human CgA1‐373 influences the mammalian cardiac performance, evaluating the role of its C‐terminal sequence.
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Excitation and tension development—The Yin & Yang of muscle signalling Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Einar Eftestøl
The skeletal muscle excitation‐contraction coupling leading to tension development and increased mechanical stimuli change in concert, leaving it difficult to study their respective effect on molecular signalling and following adaptations. In the current issue of Acta Physiologica, Rindom and co‐workers1 further our understanding of these signalling pathways through a series of elegantly designed experiments
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The vascular impact of IP‐TP receptor interactions Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Susan W. S. Leung
In the current issue of Acta Physiologica, Li and colleagues1 demonstrate that the thromboxane‐prostanoid receptor (TP receptor) is the culprit for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transformation from a contractile (differentiated) to the synthetic (dedifferentiated) phenotype by prostacyclin when the prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) is deficient. Through a wide array of convincing experiments
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No impact of sex and age on beta‐adrenoceptor‐mediated inotropy in human right atrial trabeculae Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Simon Pecha; Bastiaan Geelhoed; Romy Kempe; Emanuel Berk; Andreas Engel; Evaldas Girdauskas; Hermann Reichenspurner; Ursula Ravens; Alberto Kaumann; Thomas Eschenhagen; Renate B. Schnabel; Torsten Christ
There is an increasing awareness of the impact of age and sex on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Differences in physiology are suspected. Beta‐adrenoceptors (beta‐ARs) are an important drug target in CVD and potential differences might have significant impact on the treatment of many patients. To investigate whether age and sex affects beta‐AR function, we analysed a large data set on beta‐AR‐induced
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Mog1 knockout causes cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by downregulating tbx5‐cryab‐hspb2 signalling in zebrafish Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Dongzhi Gou; Juan Zhou; Qixue Song; Zhijie Wang; Xuemei Bai; Yidan Zhang; Mengxia Zuo; Fan Wang; Ailan Chen; Muhammad Yousaf; Zhongcheng Yang; Huixing Peng; Ke Li; Wen Xie; Jingluo Tang; Yufeng Yao; Meng Han; Tie Ke; Qiuyun Chen; Chengqi Xu; Qing Wang
MOG1 is a small protein that can bind to small GTPase RAN and regulate transport of RNA and proteins between the cytoplasm and nucleus. However, the in vivo physiological role of mog1 in the heart needs to be fully defined.
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Sex differences in antiviral immunity in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Mitochondria and mitomiR come into view Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Elisabetta Iessi; Camilla Cittadini; Simona Anticoli; Katia Fecchi; Paola Matarrese; Anna Ruggieri
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles representing the ‘powerhouse of cells’ for their function as bioenergetics and biosynthetic hubs. In addition, they play an essential role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, including host defences against viruses, as well as in inflammatory responses.1 This peculiar role of mitochondria is principally because of the activation of adaptor
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Protein O‐GlcNAcylation levels are regulated independently of dietary intake in a tissue and time‐specific manner during rat postnatal development Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Thomas Dupas; Manon Denis; Justine Dontaine; Antoine Persello; Laurent Bultot; Angélique Erraud; Didier Vertommen; Bertrand Bouchard; Arnaud Tessier; Matthieu Rivière; Jacques Lebreton; Edith Bigot‐Corbel; Jérôme Montnach; Michel De Waard; Chantal Gauthier; Yan Burelle; Aaron K. Olson; Bertrand Rozec; Christine Des Rosiers; Luc Bertrand; Tarik Issad; Benjamin Lauzier
Metabolic sources switch from carbohydrates in utero, to fatty acids after birth and then a mix once adults. O‐GlcNAcylation (O‐GlcNAc) is a post‐translational modification considered as a nutrient sensor. The purpose of this work was to assess changes in protein O‐GlcNAc levels, regulatory enzymes and metabolites during the first periods of life and decipher the impact of O‐GlcNAcylation on cardiac
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Imagine physiology without imaging. Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 Kathleen Cantow,Luis Hummel,Bert Flemming,Sonia Waiczies,Thoralf Niendorf,Erdmann Seeliger
The importance of diagnostic imaging is undisputable for those practicing medicine or those experiencing medical practice as patients or their families. Who could ever imagine modern clinical medicine without imaging techniques such as X‐ray radiography, computed tomography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging? Even microscopy is widely known as an indispensable tool for diagnostic histopathology
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To divide or not to divide-that is no longer the question regarding mechanisms for reversible change in renin cell numbers in adult kidneys. Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Boye L Jensen
1 INTRODUCTION In the current issue of Acta Physiologica, Guessoum et al.1 address a question that has intrigued investigators for decades within kidney and blood pressure research fields. In conditions where the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is chronically challenged, the renin‐producing cells increase significantly in number and their localization expands from a juxtaglomerular position
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Strong ion difference in urine: A measure of proton excretion or of the net plasma charge alteration? Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Emmanouil Alevrakis,Nikolaos Gialelis,Ioannis Vasileiadis
In the presence of a metabolic acid‐base disorder, the kidney is called upon to compensate appropriately, altering the net acid excretion in urine. Metabolic acidosis is normally associated with urine acidification. This process can be appreciated through two different explanatory models. On the one hand, according to the widely adopted approach, pH regulation is achieved with proton (H+) removal through
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Deficiency in insulin‐like growth factors signalling in mouse Leydig cells increase conversion of testosterone to estradiol because of feminization Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Sava M. Radovic Pletikosic; Isidora M. Starovlah; Dejan Miljkovic; Dragana M. Bajic; Ivan Capo; Serge Nef; Tatjana S. Kostic; Silvana A. Andric
A growing body of evidence pointed correlation between insulin‐resistance, testosterone level and infertility, but there is scarce information about mechanisms. The aim of this study was to identify the possible mechanism linking the insulin‐resistance with testosterone‐producing‐Leydig‐cells functionality.
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Histamine against aggression - facts from fish. Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Olga A Sergeeva,Helmut L Haas
Reichmann et al. (this issue, 2020)1 show that histamine H3 receptor (Hrh3) antagonism or knockout (hrh3‐/‐) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) reduce aggressive behavior. With their projections all over the central nervous system in vertebrates, histaminergic neurons attract increasing attention in the pharmaceutical industry, especially for their inhibitory H3 receptors, coupled to Gi/o‐type proteins, autoreceptors
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: Biosynthesis, consumption and therapeutic role in cardiac diseases. Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 Cynthia Tannous,George W Booz,Raffaele Altara,Dina H Muhieddine,Mathias Mericskay,Marwan M Refaat,Fouad A Zouein
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an abundant cofactor that plays crucial roles in several cellular processes. NAD can be synthesized de novo starting with tryptophan, or from salvage pathways starting with NAD precursors like nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide (NAM) or nicotinamide riboside (NR), referred to as niacin/B3 vitamins, arising from dietary supply or from cellular NAD catabolism
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Subcellular localization- and fibre type-dependent utilization of muscle glycogen during heavy resistance exercise in elite power and Olympic weightlifters. Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Rune Hokken,Simon Laugesen,Per Aagaard,Charlotte Suetta,Ulrik Frandsen,Niels Ørtenblad,Joachim Nielsen
Glycogen particles are found in different subcellular localizations, which are utilized heterogeneously in different fibre types during endurance exercise. Although resistance exercise typically involves only a moderate use of mixed muscle glycogen, the hypothesis of the present study was that high‐volume heavy‐load resistance exercise would mediate a pattern of substantial glycogen depletion in specific
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Why low concentrations of salt enhance sweet taste. Acta Physiol. (IF 5.542) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Aurelie Vandenbeuch,Sue C Kinnamon
A long‐standing culinary practice is to sprinkle a little salt on fruits such as watermelon, tomatoes or cantaloupe to make them taste sweeter. In the current issue of Acta Physiologica, Yasumatsu et al. 1 describe a likely mechanism for this phenomenon. They report for the first time that the sodium‐glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is expre