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Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2021-01-13
In the article by Beaulieu et al. (2020), the authors found a small error in equations 10, 11, and 12. In error an, A + symbol was added to the first element of the equations at the right of the =symbol. Such +should not be there. The correct equations are as follows: (with model [8],) (with model [9])
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Evolutionary stability, landscape heterogeneity, and human land‐usage shape population genetic connectivity in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Erica E. Tassone; Lindsay S. Miles; Rodney J. Dyer; Michael S. Rosenberg; Richard M. Cowling; Brian C. Verrelli
As human‐induced change eliminates natural habitats, it impacts genetic diversity and population connectivity for local biodiversity. The South African Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is the most diverse extratropical area for plant biodiversity, and much of its habitat is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage site. There has long been great interest in explaining the underlying factors driving this unique
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Sex‐ and time‐specific parental effects of warming on reproduction and offspring quality in a coral reef fish Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-18 Rachel K. Spinks; Lucrezia C. Bonzi; Timothy Ravasi; Philip L. Munday; Jennifer M. Donelson
Global warming can disrupt reproduction or lead to fewer and poorer quality offspring, owing to the thermally sensitive nature of reproductive physiology. However, phenotypic plasticity may enable some animals to adjust the thermal sensitivity of reproduction to maintain performance in warmer conditions. Whether elevated temperature affects reproduction may depend on the timing of exposure to warming
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An epigenetic clock to estimate the age of living beluga whales Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Eleanor K. Bors; C. Scott Baker; Paul R. Wade; Kaimyn B. O’Neill; Kim E.W. Shelden; Michael J. Thompson; Zhe Fei; Simon Jarman; Steve Horvath
DNA methylation data facilitate the development of accurate molecular estimators of chronological age, or ‘epigenetic clocks.’ We present a robust epigenetic clock for the beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, developed for an endangered population in Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA.
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Standing genetic variation in laboratory populations of insecticide‐susceptible Phlebotomus papatasi and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) for the evolution of resistance Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 David S. Denlinger; Spencer B. Hudson; Nadya S. Keweshan; Zachariah Gompert; Scott A. Bernhardt
Insecticides can exert strong selection on insect pest species, including those that vector diseases, and have led to rapid evolution of resistance. Despite such rapid evolution, relatively little is known about standing genetic variation for resistance in insecticide‐susceptible populations of many species. To help fill this knowledge gap, we generated genotyping‐by‐sequencing data from insecticide‐susceptible
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Genomic vulnerability and socio‐economic threats under climate change in an African rainforest bird Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Thomas B. Smith; Trevon L. Fuller; Ying Zhen; Virginia Zaunbrecher; Henri A. Thomassen; Kevin Njabo; Nicola M. Anthony; Mary K. Gonder; Wolfgang Buermann; Brenda Larison; Kristen Ruegg; Ryan J. Harrigan
Preserving biodiversity under rapidly changing climate conditions is challenging. One approach for estimating impacts and their magnitude is to model current relationships between genomic and environmental data and then to forecast those relationships under future climate scenarios. In this way understanding future genomic and environmental relationships can help guide management decisions, such as
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Subspecies hybridization as a potential conservation tool in species reintroductions Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 L.J. Zecherle; H.J. Nichols; S. Bar‐David; R.P. Brown; H. Hipperson; G.J. Horsburgh; A.R. Templeton
Reintroductions are a powerful tool for the recovery of endangered species. However, their long‐term success is strongly influenced by the genetic diversity of the reintroduced population. The chances of population persistence can be improved by enhancing the population’s adaptive ability through the mixing of individuals from different sources. However, where source populations are too diverse the
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Host evolutionary relationships explain tree mortality caused by a generalist pest–pathogen complex Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Shannon Colleen Lynch; Akif Eskalen; Gregory S. Gilbert
The phylogenetic signal of transmissibility (competence) and attack severity among hosts of generalist pests is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the phylogenetic effects on hosts differentially affected by an emergent generalist beetle–pathogen complex in California and South Africa. Host types (non‐competent, competent and killed‐competent) are based on nested types of outcomes of interactions
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Conserving the genetic diversity of condemned populations: optimizing collections and translocation Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Jason G. Bragg; Jia‐Yee S. Yap; Trevor Wilson; Enhua Lee; Maurizio Rossetto
We consider approaches for conserving genetic diversity from plant populations whose destruction is imminent. We do this using SNP genotype data from two endangered species, Pimelea spicata and Eucalyptus sp. Cattai. For both species, we genotyped plants from a ‘condemned’ population and designed ex situ collections, characterizing how the size and composition of the collection affected the genetic
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Identifying key questions in the ecology and evolution of cancer Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 Antoine M. Dujon; Athena Aktipis; Catherine Alix‐Panabières; Sarah R. Amend; Amy M. Boddy; Joel S. Brown; Jean‐Pascal Capp; James DeGregori; Paul Ewald; Robert Gatenby; Marco Gerlinger; Mathieu Giraudeau; Rodrigo K. Hamede; Elsa Hansen; Irina Kareva; Carlo C. Maley; Andriy Marusyk; Nicholas McGranahan; Michael J. Metzger; Aurora M. Nedelcu; Robert Noble; Leonard Nunney; Kenneth J. Pienta; Kornelia
The application of evolutionary and ecological principles to cancer prevention and treatment, as well as recognising cancer as a selection force in nature, has gained impetus over the last 50 years. Following the initial theoretical approaches that combined knowledge from interdisciplinary fields, it became clear that using the eco‐evolutionary framework is of key importance to understand cancer. We
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Stepwise accumulation of mutations in CesA3 in Phytophthora sojae results in increasing resistance to CAA fungicides Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Meng Cai; Can Zhang; Weizhen Wang; Qin Peng; Xi Song; Brett M. Tyler; Xili Liu
Flumorph is a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide with high activity against oomycetes. However, evolution to CAAs from low resistance to high resistance has never been reported. This study investigated the basis of resistance evolution of flumorph in Phytophthora sojae. Total of 120 P. sojae isolates were collected and their sensitivity to flumorph was evaluated. Although no spontaneous resistance
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Temporal instability of lake charr phenotypes: synchronicity of growth rates and morphology linked to environmental variables? Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 L. Chavarie; Steve Voelker; M.J. Hansen; C.R. Bronte; A.M. Muir; M.S. Zimmerman; C.C. Krueger
Pathways through which phenotypic variation among individuals arise can be complex. One assumption often made in relation to intraspecific diversity is that the stability or predictability of the environment will interact with expression of the underlying phenotypic variation. To address biological complexity below the species level, we investigated variability across years in morphology and annual
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Gut microbiomes of bigheaded carps and hybrids provide insights into invasion: A hologenome perspective Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Lifeng Zhu; Zheng Zhang; Hua Chen; James T. Lamer; Jun Wang; Wenzhi Wei; Lixia Fu; Minghu Tang; Chenghui Wang; Guoqing Lu
Gut microbiomes play an essential role in host survival and local adaptation and thus can facilitate the invasion of host species. Biological invasions have been shown to be linked to the genetic properties of alien host species. It is thus plausible that the holobiont, the host, and its associated microbiome act as an entity to drive invasion success. The bighead carp and silver carp (bigheaded carps)
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Characterizing patterns of genomic variation in the threatened Utah prairie dog: Implications for conservation and management Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 Rachael M. Giglio; Tonie E. Rocke; Jorge E. Osorio; Emily K. Latch
Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) are federally threatened due to eradication campaigns, habitat destruction, and outbreaks of plague. Today, Utah prairie dogs exist in small, isolated populations, making them less demographically stable and more susceptible to erosion of genetic variation by genetic drift. We characterized patterns of genetic structure at neutral and putatively adaptive loci in
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Design and analysis of CRISPR‐based underdominance toxin‐antidote gene drives Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Jackson Champer; Samuel E. Champer; Isabel K. Kim; Andrew G. Clark; Philipp W. Messer
CRISPR gene drive systems offer a mechanism for transmitting a desirable transgene throughout a population for purposes ranging from vector‐borne disease control to invasive species suppression. In this simulation study, we assess the performance of several CRISPR‐based underdominance gene drive constructs employing toxin‐antidote (TA) principles. These drives disrupt the wild‐type version of an essential
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Hybridization alters growth and migratory life‐history expression of native trout Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Jeffrey T. Strait; Lisa A. Eby; Ryan P. Kovach; Clint C. Muhlfeld; Matthew C. Boyer; Stephen J. Amish; Seth Smith; Winsor H. Lowe; Gordon Luikart
Human‐mediated hybridization threatens many native species, but the effects of introgressive hybridization on life‐history expression are rarely quantified, especially in vertebrates. We quantified the effects of non‐native rainbow trout admixture on important life‐history traits including growth and partial migration behavior in three populations of westslope cutthroat trout over five years. Rainbow
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Selection on individuals of introduced species starts before the actual introduction Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Adrián Baños‐Villalba; Martina Carrete; Jose Luis Tella; Julio Blas; Jaime Potti; Carlos Camacho; Moussa Sega Diop; Tracy A. Marchant; Sonia Cabezas; Pim Edelaar
Biological invasion is a global problem with large negative impacts on ecosystems and human societies. When a species is introduced, individuals will first have to pass through the invasion stages of uptake and transport, before actual introduction in a non‐native range. Selection is predicted to act during these earliest stages of biological invasion, potentially influencing the invasiveness and/or
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Transcriptional flexibility during thermal challenge corresponds with expanded thermal tolerance in an invasive compared to native fish Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Lisa M. Komoroske; Ken M. Jeffries; Andrew Whitehead; Jennifer L. Roach; Monica Britton; Richard E. Connon; Christine Verhille; Susanne M. Brander; Nann A. Fangue
Capacity to cope with warming temperatures is a key determining factor of species' persistence under global climate change. Many successful invasive species have heightened thermal tolerance relative to their native counterparts, which may provide competitive advantages for habitat utilization and resource acquisition under warming scenarios, ultimately contributing to radically altered community composition
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Using multiple sources during reintroduction of a locally extinct population benefits survival and reproduction of an endangered freshwater fish Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Maiko L. Lutz; Zeb Tonkin; Jian D.L. Yen; Glen Johnson; Brett A. Ingram; Joanne Sharley; Jarod Lyon; David G. Chapple; Paul Sunnucks; Alexandra Pavlova
Through using different sources, population reintroductions can create genetically diverse populations at low risk of harmful inbreeding and well equipped for adaptation to future environments. Genetic variation from one source can mask locally nonoptimal alleles from another, thereby enhancing adaptive potential and population persistence. We assessed the outcomes in survival, growth and reproduction
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Interspecific hybrids show a reduced adaptive potential under DNA damaging conditions Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Carla Bautista; Souhir Marsit; Christian R. Landry
Hybridization may increase the probability of adaptation to extreme stresses. This advantage could be caused by an increased genome plasticity in hybrids, which could accelerate the search for adaptive mutations. High ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a particular challenge in terms of adaptation because it affects the viability of organisms by directly damaging DNA, while also challenging future generations
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The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-13 Matthew L. Bootsma; Loren Miller; Greg G. Sass; Peter T. Euclide; Wesley A. Larson
Stocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within‐species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfish in the Midwestern United States, a region characterized by post‐glacial recolonization from multiple lineages
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Incipient resistance to an effective pesticide results from genetic adaptation and the canalization of gene expression Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Xiaoshen Yin; Alexander S. Martinez; Abigail Perkins; Morgan M. Sparks; Avril M. Harder; Janna R. Willoughby; Maria S. Sepúlveda; Mark R. Christie
The resistance of pest species to chemical controls has vast ecological, economic, and societal costs. In most cases, resistance is only detected after spreading throughout an entire population. Detecting resistance in its incipient stages, by comparison, provides time to implement preventative strategies. Incipient resistance can be detected by coupling standard toxicology assays with large‐scale
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Global phylogeography and invasion history of the spotted lanternfly revealed by mitochondrial phylogenomics Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Zhenyong Du; Yunfei Wu; Zhuo Chen; Liangming Cao; Tadashi Ishikawa; Satoshi Kamitani; Teiji Sota; Fan Song; Li Tian; Wanzhi Cai; Hu Li
Biological invasion has been a serious global threat due to increasing international trade and population movements. Tracking the source and route of invasive species and evaluating the genetic differences in their native regions have great significance for the effective monitoring and management, and further resolving the invasive mechanism. The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula is native to China
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Spontaneous hybridization and introgression between walleye (Sander vitreus) and sauger (Sander canadensis) in two large reservoirs: Insights from genotyping by sequencing Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Carly F. Graham; Rebecca L. Eberts; Una Goncin; Christopher M. Somers
Anthropogenic activities may facilitate undesirable hybridization and genomic introgression between fish species. Walleye (Sander vitreus) and sauger (Sander canadensis) are economically valuable freshwater species that can spontaneously hybridize in areas of sympatry. Levels of genomic introgression between walleye and sauger may be increased by modifications to waterbodies (e.g., reservoir development)
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Selection and introgression facilitated the adaptation of Chinese native endangered cattle in extreme environments Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Xinfeng Liu; Zhaohong Li; Yubin Yan; Ye Li; Hui Wu; Jie Pei; Ping Yan; Ruolin Yang; Xian Guo; Xianyong Lan
Although persistent efforts have identified and characterized a few candidate genes and related biological processes with potential functions in the adaptation of many species to extreme environments, few works have been conducted to determine the genomic basis of adaptation in endangered livestock breeds that have been living in extreme conditions for more than thousands of years. To fill this gap
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Evolution of isoprene emission in Arecaceae (palms) Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Mingai Li; Jia Xu; Fuling Lyu; Iuliia Khomenko; Franco Biasioli; Mariacristina Villani; Barbara Baldan; Claudio Varotto
Isoprene synthase (IspS) is the sole enzyme in plants responsible for the yearly emission in the atmosphere of thousands of tonnes of the natural hydrocarbon isoprene worldwide. Species of the monocotyledonous family Arecaceae (palms) are among the highest plant emitters, but to date no IspS gene from this family has been identified. Here, we screened with PTR‐ToF‐MS 18 genera of the Arecaceae for
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Harvest is associated with the disruption of social and fine‐scale genetic structure among matrilines of a solitary large carnivore Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Shane C. Frank; Fanie Pelletier; Alexander Kopatz; Audrey Bourret; Dany Garant; Jon E. Swenson; Hans Geir Eiken; Snorre B. Hagen; Andreas Zedrosser
Harvest can disrupt wildlife populations by removing adults with naturally high survival. This can reshape sociospatial structure, genetic composition, fitness, and potentially affect evolution. Genetic tools can detect changes in local, fine‐scale genetic structure (FGS) and assess the interplay between harvest‐caused social and FGS in populations. We used data on 1614 brown bears, Ursus arctos, genotyped
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Heterogeneity of a dwarf phenotype in Dutch traditional chicken breeds revealed by genomic analyses Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 Zhou Wu; Chiara Bortoluzzi; Martijn F.L. Derks; Langqing Liu; Mirte Bosse; Sipke Joost Hiemstra; Martien A.M. Groenen; Richard P.M.A. Crooijmans
The growth of animals is a complex trait, in chicken resulting in a diverse variety of forms, caused by a heterogeneous genetic basis. Bantam chicken, known as an exquisite form of dwarfism, has been used for crossbreeding to create corresponding dwarf counterparts for native fowls in the Dutch populations. Here we demonstrate the heterogeneity of the bantam trait in Dutch chickens and reveal the underlying
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Cross‐species transmission of retroviruses among domestic and wild felids in human‐occupied landscapes in Chile Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Irene Sacristán; Francisca Acuña; Emilio Aguilar; Sebastián García; María José López; Javier Cabello; Ezequiel Hidalgo‐Hermoso; Jim Sanderson; Karen A. Terio; Vanessa Barrs; Julia Beatty; Warren E. Johnson; Javier Millán; Elie Poulin; Constanza Napolitano
Human transformation of natural habitats facilitates pathogen transmission between domestic and wild species. The guigna (Leopardus guigna), a small felid found in Chile, has experienced habitat loss and an increased probability of contact with domestic cats. Here we describe the interspecific transmission of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) between domestic cats
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Corrigendum Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-12-07
In the article by Gooley et al., the funding information in acknowledgement section has been updated from “G.T. was supported in part by funding provided through the Smithsonian Institution's Short‐Term Visitor Fellowship program” to “G.T. was supported in part by funding provided through the Smithsonian Institution's Short‐Term Visitor Fellowship program and by funding for the project #51148284 from
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Up in the air: Threats to Afromontane biodiversity from climate change and habitat loss revealed by genetic monitoring of the Ethiopian Highlands bat Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Orly Razgour; Mohammed Kasso; Helena Santos; Javier Juste
While climate change is recognized as a major future threat to biodiversity, most species are currently threatened by extensive human‐induced habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation. Tropical high‐altitude alpine and montane forest ecosystems and their biodiversity are particularly sensitive to temperature increases under climate change, but they are also subject to accelerated pressures from land
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Urban evolution comes into its own: Emerging themes and future directions of a burgeoning field Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-07 Lindsay S. Miles; Elizabeth J. Carlen; Kristin M. Winchell; Marc T. J. Johnson
Urbanization has recently emerged as an exciting new direction for evolutionary research founded on our growing understanding of rapid evolution paired with the expansion of novel urban habitats. Urbanization can influence adaptive and nonadaptive evolution in urban‐dwelling species, but generalized patterns and the predictability of urban evolutionary responses within populations remain unclear. This
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Balancing Breeding for Growth and Fecundity in Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Breeding Programme Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Harry X. Wu; Richard Ker; Zhiqiang Chen; Milos Ivkovic
Tree breeding has focused on increasing stem volume growth with a cost to fecundity. However, fecundity is important in maintaining the fitness in natural stands and facilitating cross‐pollination to advance breeding populations. Understanding the inheritance of fecundity and the genetic relationship between fecundity and growth is essential to understand the constraints of evolution in natural population
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Why women have more autoimmune diseases than men: An evolutionary perspective Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-15 Vanessa L. Kronzer; Stanley Louis Bridges; John M. Davis
Women have up to a fourfold increase in risk for autoimmune disease compared to men. Many explanations have been proposed, including sex hormones, the X chromosome, microchimerism, environmental factors, and the microbiome. However, the mechanism for this autoimmune sex bias remains obscure. In this manuscript, we evaluate the hypothesis that qualitative or quantitative differences in circulating antibodies
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A genomic amplification affecting a carboxylesterase gene cluster confers organophosphate resistance in the mosquito Aedes aegypti from genomic characterization to high‐throughput field detection Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Julien Cattel; Chloé Haberkorn; Fréderic Laporte; Thierry Gaude; Tristan Cumer; Julien Renaud; Ian W. Sutherland; Jeffrey C. Hertz; Jean‐Marc Bonneville; Victor Arnaud; Camille Noûs; Bénédicte Fustec; Sébastien Boyer; Sébastien Marcombe; Jean‐Philippe David
By altering gene expression and creating paralogs, genomic amplifications represent a key component of short‐term adaptive processes. In insects, the use of insecticides can select gene amplifications causing an increased expression of detoxification enzymes, supporting the usefulness of these DNA markers for monitoring the dynamics of resistance alleles in the field. In this context, the present study
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Corrigendum Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-09-22
The article by Solary and Laplane (2020) unfortunately published with an authorship spelling error. Lucie Lapane has been corrected to Lucie Laplane in the online version. We would like to apologize for this error and for any confusion it may have caused.
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Diallelic self‐incompatibility is the main determinant of fertilization patterns in olive orchards Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Roberto Mariotti; Saverio Pandolfi; Isabelle De Cauwer; Pierre Saumitou‐Laprade; Philippe Vernet; Martina Rossi; Federica Baglivo; Luciana Baldoni; Soraya Mousavi
Self‐incompatibility (SI) in flowering plants potentially represents a major obstacle for sexual reproduction, especially when the number of S‐alleles is low. The situation is extreme in the commercially important olive tree, where in vitro pollination assays suggested the existence of a diallelic SI (DSI) system involving only two groups (G1 and G2). Varieties belonging to the same SI group cannot
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Insecticide exposure affects intergenerational patterns of DNA methylation in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Kristian Brevik; Erika M. Bueno; Stephanie McKay; Sean D. Schoville; Yolanda H. Chen
Insecticide use is pervasive as a selective force in modern agroecosystems. Insect herbivores exposed to these insecticides have been able to rapidly evolve resistance to them, but how they are able to do so is poorly understood. One possible but largely unexplored explanation is that exposure to sublethal doses of insecticides may alter epigenetic patterns that are heritable. For instance, epigenetic
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Invasive freshwater snails form novel microbial relationships Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Laura Bankers; Dylan Dahan; Maurine Neiman; Claire Adrian‐Tucci; Crystal Frost; Gregory D. D. Hurst; Kayla C. King
Resident microbes (microbiota) can shape host organismal function and adaptation in the face of environmental change. Invasion of new habitats exposes hosts to novel selection pressures, but little is known about the impact on microbiota and the host–microbiome relationship (e.g., how rapidly new microbial associations are formed, whether microbes influence invasion success). We used high‐throughput
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The molecular mechanisms that determine different degrees of polyphagy in the Bemisia tabaci species complex Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Osnat Malka; Ester Feldmesser; Sharon van Brunschot; Diego Santos‐Garcia; Wen‐Hao Han; Susan Seal; John Colvin; Shai Morin
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a closely related group of >35 cryptic species that feed on the phloem sap of a broad range of host plants. Species in the complex differ in their host‐range breadth, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We investigated, therefore, how six different B. tabaci species cope with the environmental unpredictability presented by a set of four common and novel
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Urbanization is associated with modifications in DNA methylation in a small passerine bird Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Hannah Watson; Daniel Powell; Pablo Salmón; Arne Jacobs; Caroline Isaksson
Urbanization represents a fierce driver of phenotypic change, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying observed phenotypic patterns are poorly understood. Epigenetic changes are expected to facilitate more rapid adaption to changing or novel environments, such as our towns and cities, compared with slow changes in gene sequence. A comparison of liver and blood tissue from great tits Parus major originating
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Genetic consequences of long‐term small effective population size in the critically endangered pygmy hog Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Langqing Liu; Mirte Bosse; Hendrik‐Jan Megens; Manon de Visser; Martien A. M. Groenen; Ole Madsen
Increasing human disturbance and climate change have a major impact on habitat integrity and size, with far‐reaching consequences for wild fauna and flora. Specifically, population decline and habitat fragmentation result in small, isolated populations. To what extend different endangered species can cope with small population size is still largely unknown. Studies on the genomic landscape of these
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Whole‐genome analyses provide no evidence for dog introgression in Fennoscandian wolf populations Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Linnéa Smeds; Jouni Aspi; Jonas Berglund; Ilpo Kojola; Konstantin Tirronen; Hans Ellegren
Hybridization and admixture can threaten the genetic integrity of populations and be of particular concern to endangered species. Hybridization between grey wolves and dogs has been documented in many wolf populations worldwide and is a prominent example of human‐mediated hybridization between a domesticated species and its wild relative. We analysed whole‐genome sequences from >200 wolves and >100
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Intraspecific variation in landform engineering across a restored salt marsh shoreline Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Brittany M. Bernik; Candice Y. Lumibao; Scott Zengel; John Pardue; Michael J. Blum
Ecosystem engineers that modify landforms can be valuable tools for restoring habitat, but their use has frequently resulted in unanticipated outcomes. Departures from expectations might arise because applications discount the possibility that geomorphic processes are influenced by heritable phenotypic variation. We conducted a field‐scale common garden experiment to assess whether shoreline erosion
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Long‐term urbanization impacts the eastern golden frog (Pelophylax plancyi) in Shanghai City: Demographic history, genetic structure, and implications for amphibian conservation in intensively urbanizing environments Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-25 Xu Wei; Meiling Huang; Qu Yue; Shuo Ma; Ben Li; Zhiqiang Mu; Chuan Peng; Wenxuan Gao; Wenli Liu; Jiaxin Zheng; Xiaodong Weng; Xiaohui Sun; Qingqiu Zuo; Shunqi Bo; Xiao Yuan; Wei Zhang; Gang Yang; Youzhong Ding; Xiaoming Wang; Tianhou Wang; Panyu Hua; Zhenghuan Wang
Understanding the mechanisms of how urbanization influences the evolution of native species is vital for urban wildlife ecology and conservation in the Anthropocene. With thousands of years of agriculture‐dominated historical urbanization followed by 40 years of intensive and rapid urbanization, Shanghai provides an ideal environment to study how the two‐stage urbanization process influences the evolution
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Using historical genome‐wide DNA to unravel the confused taxonomy in a songbird lineage that is extinct in the wild Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Pratibha Baveja; Kritika M. Garg; Balaji Chattopadhyay; Keren R. Sadanandan; Dewi M. Prawiradilaga; Pramana Yuda; Jessica G. H. Lee; Frank E. Rheindt
Urgent conservation action for terminally endangered species is sometimes hampered by taxonomic uncertainty, especially in illegally traded animals that are often cross‐bred in captivity. To overcome these problems, we used a genomic approach to analyze historical DNA from museum samples across the Asian Pied Starling (Gracupica contra) complex in tropical Asia, a popular victim of the ongoing songbird
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Dispersal ability predicts spatial genetic structure in native mammals persisting across an urbanization gradient Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Jonathan L. Richardson; Sozos Michaelides; Matthew Combs; Mihajla Djan; Lianne Bisch; Kerry Barrett; Georgianna Silveira; Justin Butler; Than Thar Aye; Jason Munshi‐South; Michael DiMatteo; Charles Brown; Thomas J. McGreevy
As the rate of urbanization continues to increase globally, a growing body of research is emerging that investigates how urbanization shapes the movement—and consequent gene flow—of species in cities. Of particular interest are native species that persist in cities, either as small relict populations or as larger populations of synanthropic species that thrive alongside humans in new urban environments
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Suppressing evolution in genetically engineered systems through repeated supplementation Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-09-05 Nathan C. Layman; Beth M. Tuschhoff; Andrew J. Basinski; Christopher H. Remien; James J. Bull; Scott L. Nuismer
Genetically engineered organisms are prone to evolve in response to the engineering. This evolution is often undesirable and can negatively affect the purpose of the engineering. Methods that maintain the stability of engineered genomes are therefore critical to the successful design and use of genetically engineered organisms. One potential method to limit unwanted evolution is by taking advantage
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Trade‐off drives Pareto optimality of within‐ and among‐year emergence timing in response to increasing aridity Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Joseph Waterton; Susan J. Mazer; Justin R. Meyer; Elsa E. Cleland
Adaptation to current and future climates can be constrained by trade‐offs between fitness‐related traits. Early seedling emergence often enhances plant fitness in seasonal environments, but if earlier emergence in response to seasonal cues is genetically correlated with lower potential to spread emergence among years (i.e., bet‐hedging), then this functional trade‐off could constrain adaptive evolution
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Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Ary A. Hoffmann; Adam D. Miller; Andrew R. Weeks
Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by the deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity, and maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction and rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed to safeguard populations and species and to maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns
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Low‐oxygen hormetic conditioning improves field performance of sterile insects by inducing beneficial plasticity Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Giancarlo López‐Martínez; James E. Carpenter; Stephen D. Hight; Daniel A. Hahn
As part of sterile insect technique (SIT) programs, irradiation can effectively induce sterility in insects by damaging germline genomic DNA. However, irradiation also induces other off‐target side effects that reduce the quality and performance of sterilized males, including the formation of damaging free radicals that can reduce sterile male performance. Thus, treatments that reduce off‐target effects
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Reconciling seascape genetics and fisheries science in three codistributed flatfishes Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-09-26 Sara Vandamme; Joost A. M. Raeymaekers; Gregory E. Maes; Karl Cottenie; Federico C. F. Calboli; Eveline Diopere; Filip A. M. Volckaert
Uncertainty hampers innovative mixed‐fisheries management by the scales at which connectivity dynamics are relevant to management objectives. The spatial scale of sustainable stock management is species‐specific and depends on ecology, life history and population connectivity. One valuable approach to understand these spatial scales is to determine to what extent population genetic structure correlates
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A three‐pronged approach that leans on Indigenous knowledge for northern fish monitoring and conservation Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 Ella Bowles; Kia Marin; Pamela MacLeod; Dylan J. Fraser
Investigating whether changes within fish populations may result from harvesting requires a comprehensive approach, especially in more data‐sparse northern regions. Our study took a three‐pronged approach to investigate walleye population change by combining Indigenous knowledge (IK), phenotypic traits, and genomics. We thank Larson et al. (2020) for their critiques of our study; certainly, there are
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Persistent panmixia despite extreme habitat loss and population decline in the threatened tricolored blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Kelly Barr; Annabel C. Beichman; Pooneh Kalhori; Jasmine Rajbhandary; Rachael A. Bay; Kristen Ruegg; Thomas B. Smith
Habitat loss and alteration has driven many species into decline, often to the point of requiring protection and intervention to avert extinction. Genomic data provide the opportunity to inform conservation and recovery efforts with details about vital evolutionary processes with a resolution far beyond that of traditional genetic approaches. The tricolored blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) has suffered
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On the estimation of inbreeding depression using different measures of inbreeding from molecular markers Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 Armando Caballero; Beatriz Villanueva; Tom Druet
The inbreeding coefficient (F) of individuals can be estimated from molecular marker data, such as SNPs, using measures of homozygosity of individual markers or runs of homozygosity (ROH) across the genome. These different measures of F can then be used to estimate the rate of inbreeding depression (ID) for quantitative traits. Some recent simulation studies have investigated the accuracy of this estimation
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Transcriptional frontloading contributes to cross‐tolerance between stressors Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Michael Collins; Melody S. Clark; John I. Spicer; Manuela Truebano
The adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity for performance under single stressors is well documented. However, plasticity may only truly be adaptive in the natural multifactorial environment if it confers resilience to stressors of a different nature, a phenomenon known as cross‐tolerance. An understanding of the mechanistic basis of cross‐tolerance is essential to aid prediction of species resilience
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The influence of spatially heterogeneous anthropogenic change on bill size evolution in a coastal songbird Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Phred M. Benham; Rauri C. K. Bowie
Natural history collections provide an unparalleled resource for documenting population responses to past anthropogenic change. However, in many cases, traits measured on specimens may vary temporally in response to a number of different anthropogenic pressures or demographic processes. While teasing apart these different drivers is challenging, approaches that integrate analyses of spatial and temporal
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Evolution of morphological but not aggressiveness‐related traits following a major resistance breakdown in the poplar rust fungus, Melampsora larici‐populina Evol. Appl. (IF 4.013) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Agathe Maupetit; Bénédicte Fabre; Jérémy Pétrowski; Axelle Andrieux; Stéphane De Mita; Pascal Frey; Fabien Halkett; Katherine J. Hayden
Crop varieties carrying qualitative resistance to targeted pathogens lead to strong selection pressure on parasites, often resulting in resistance breakdown. It is well known that qualitative resistance breakdowns modify pathogen population structure but few studies have analyzed the consequences on their quantitative aggressiveness‐related traits. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution