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Recent advances in the use of bacterial probiotics in animal production Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista, Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa, Anne Caroline Marques Schoch Pinto, Francieli Dalvana Ribeiro Gonçalves, Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
Animal husbandry is increasingly under pressure to meet world food demand. Thus, strategies are sought to ensure this productivity increment. The objective of this review was to gather advances in the use of bacterial probiotics in animal production. Lactobacilli correspond to the most used bacterial group, with several beneficial effects already reported and described, as well as the Enterococcus
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Evidence that ectoparasites influence the hematological parameters of the host: a systematic review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Bárbara Cristina Félix Nogueira, Elaine da Silva Soares, Andrés Mauricio Ortega Orozco, Leandro Abreu da Fonseca, Artur Kanadani Campos
Ectoparasites are important to the one health concept because their parasitism can result in the transmission of pathogens, allergic reactions, the release of toxins, morbidity, and even death of the host. Ectoparasites can affect host physiology, as reflected in immune defenses and body condition as well as hematological and biochemical parameters. Thus, evidence that ectoparasites influence host
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Essential oils and essential oil compounds in animal production as antimicrobials and anthelmintics: an updated review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Eduardo Henrique Custódio Matté, Fernando Bittencourt Luciano, Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
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Alternatives to antibiotics in veterinary medicine: considerations for the management of Johne's disease Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Laura M. O'Connell, Aidan Coffey, Jim M. O'Mahony
Antibiotic resistance has become a major health concern globally, with current predictions expecting deaths related to resistant infections to surpass those of cancer by 2050. Major efforts are being undertaken to develop derivative and novel alternatives to current antibiotic therapies in human medicine. What appears to be lacking however, are similar efforts into researching the application of those
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Dietary fiber and its role in performance, welfare, and health of pigs Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Ł. Grześkowiak, E.-M. Saliu, B. Martínez-Vallespín, J. R. Aschenbach, G. A. Brockmann, M. Fulde, S. Hartmann, B. Kuhla, R. Lucius, C. C. Metges, H. J. Rothkötter, W. Vahjen, A. G. Wessels, J. Zentek
Dietary fiber (DF) is receiving increasing attention, and its importance in pig nutrition is now acknowledged. Although DF for pigs was frowned upon for a long time because of reductions in energy intake and digestibility of other nutrients, it has become clear that feeding DF to pigs can affect their well-being and health. This review aims to summarize the state of knowledge of studies on DF in pigs
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Definition of low birth weight in domestic mammals: a scoping review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Amélie Mugnier, Sylvie Chastant, Faouzi Lyazrhi, Claude Saegerman, Aurélien Grellet
In people and animals, low birth weight (LBW) is recognized as highly predictive of health trajectory from the neonatal period to elderly ages. Regarding the neonatal period, although LBW is recognized as a major risk factor for neonatal mortality, there does not appear to be a clear definition of ‘when a birth weight should be considered low’ in all species. The aim of this work was to use the scientific
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Use of antimicrobials in the treatment of calf diarrhea: a systematic review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 C. Bernal-Córdoba, R. Branco-Lopes, L. Latorre-Segura, M. de Barros-Abreu, E. D. Fausak, N. Silva-del-Río
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature evaluating the efficacy and comparative efficacy of antimicrobials (AMs) for the treatment of diarrhea in calves. Eligible studies were non- and randomized controlled trials evaluating an AM intervention against a positive and negative control, with at least one of the following outcomes: fecal consistency score
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Biotherapeutic microbial supplementation for ameliorating fish health: developing trends in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics use in finfish aquaculture Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2023-01-04 Parul Puri, Jai Gopal Sharma, Ram Singh
Nutrition demands in aquaculture can be realized through quality aquafeeds as compounded diets that contribute to the growth and health of aquaculture species. Functional additives in feed, notably probiotics, prebiotics, and their admixture synbiotics, have been recently recognized for their biotherapeutic role as immunostimulants capable of conferring disease resistance, stress tolerance, and gastrointestinal
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Applications of butyric acid in poultry production: the dynamics of gut health, performance, nutrient utilization, egg quality, and osteoporosis Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Muhammad Umar, Faiz-ul Hassan, Mahmoud Alagawany, Muhammad Arif, Ayman E. Taha, Shaaban S. Elnesr, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
Due to the increasing demand for antibiotic-free livestock products from the consumer side and the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, the poultry feed industry is increasingly interested in developing more alternatives to cope with this problem. Organic acids (butyric acid) have many beneficial effects on poultry health, performance, and egg quality when used in their diet, thus they can
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Internal reference genes with the potential for normalizing quantitative PCR results for oral fluid specimens Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Ting-Yu Cheng, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Luis G. Giménez-Lirola
In basic research, testing of oral fluid specimens by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been used to evaluate changes in gene expression levels following experimental treatments. In diagnostic medicine, qPCR has been used to detect DNA/RNA transcripts indicative of bacterial or viral infections. Normalization of qPCR using endogenous and exogenous reference genes is a well-established
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Acute interstitial pneumonia and the biology of 3-methylindole in feedlot cattle Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Luke A. J. Haydock, R. Kent Fenton, Lauren Sergejewich, E. James Squires, Jeff L. Caswell
Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) of cattle has been recognized for many decades. While the pathogenesis and risk factors for this condition in pastured cattle are relatively well characterized, there remains a poor understanding of the disease as it occurs in intensively fed cattle such as in beef feedlots. Specifically, in pastured cattle, AIP results from excessive ruminal production of the pneumotoxicant
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Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 M. J. López-Martínez, L. Franco-Martínez, S. Martínez-Subiela, J. J. Cerón
Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome triggered by an inflammatory host response to an infection. It is usually complicated to detect and diagnose, and has severe consequences in human and veterinary health, especially when treatment is not started early. Therefore, efforts to detect sepsis accurately are needed. In addition, its proper diagnosis could reduce the misuse of antibiotics, which is essential
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Canine leptospirosis in stray and sheltered dogs: a systematic review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa, Raisa Abreu Bragança Colocho, Carine Rodrigues Pereira, Andrey Pereira Lage, Marcos Bryan Heinemann, Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis among stray and sheltered dogs worldwide. Six databases were searched, which resulted in the retrieval of 476 articles. Sixty articles were selected for analysis according to 10 quality criteria. Among the selected papers, 26 papers [43.4% (26/60)] met five of the 10 quality criteria established, 10 papers [16.7% (10/60)]
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Use of cannabis in the treatment of animals: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Tácio de Mendonça Lima, Nathania Rodrigues Santiago, Elaine Cristina Ramos Alves, Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves, Marília Berlofa Visacri
Cannabis is used in the treatment of several human conditions; however, its use is still less explored in veterinary medicine. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of efficacy and safety of the use of cannabis for the treatment of animal disease. A literature search was performed for studies published until 16 March 2021 in five databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported
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The livestock farming digital transformation: implementation of new and emerging technologies using artificial intelligence Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 Sigfredo Fuentes, Claudia Gonzalez Viejo, Eden Tongson, Frank R. Dunshea
Livestock welfare assessment helps monitor animal health status to maintain productivity, identify injuries and stress, and avoid deterioration. It has also become an important marketing strategy since it increases consumer pressure for a more humane transformation in animal treatment. Common visual welfare practices by professionals and veterinarians may be subjective and cost-prohibitive, requiring
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature on prevalence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) and virulence genes in feces, hides, and carcasses of pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-09 Diana M. A. Dewsbury, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Michael W. Sanderson, Andrea L. Dixon, Pius S. Ekong
Objective The objective of this study was to summarize peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence and concentration of non-O157 STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) serogroups and virulence genes (stx and eae) in fecal, hide, and carcass samples in pre- and peri-harvest cattle worldwide, using a systematic review of the literature and meta-analyses.Data synthesis Seventy articles were eligible
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Guidelines for postmortem examination of newborn dogs Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-01-25 Hanna Mila, Chloé Guerard, Isabelle Raymond-Letron
Neonatal mortality in puppies is a problem frequently encountered by dog breeders. Often, only postmortem examination allows diagnosis and implementation of measures to save the rest of the litter. This article presents the key steps of the postmortem examination, namely, autopsy, histopathology, bacteriology, molecular identification of pathogens, and coproscopy. Sampling, samples' conservation, and
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Control programs for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in European countries: an overview Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-01-25 Carmen Iscaro, Valentina Cambiotti, Stefano Petrini, Francesco Feliziani
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is a disease of cattle responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. IBR is under certain communitarian regulations. Every member state can approve its own national IBR control program for the entire territory – or part of it – and can demand additional guarantees for bovids destined to its territory; therefore
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Necrotic enteritis in chickens: a review of pathogenesis, immune responses and prevention, focusing on probiotics and vaccination Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2022-01-25 Mohammadali Alizadeh, Bahram Shojadoost, Nitish Boodhoo, Jake Astill, Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz, Douglas C. Hodgins, Raveendra R. Kulkarni, Shayan Sharif
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP), is one of the most common of poultry diseases, causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of NE in chickens and of the interaction of CP with the host immune system. The roles of management, nutrition, probiotics, and vaccination in reducing the incidence and severity of
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Proposed multidimensional pain outcome methodology to demonstrate analgesic drug efficacy and facilitate future drug approval for piglet castration Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-12-03 Angela Baysinger, Sherrie R. Webb, Jennifer Brown, Johann F. Coetzee, Sara Crawford, Ashley DeDecker, Locke A. Karriker, Monique Pairis-Garcia, Mhairi A. Sutherland, Abbie V. Viscardi
Castration of male piglets in the United States is conducted without analgesics because no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved products are labeled for pain control in swine. The absence of approved products is primarily due to a wide variation in how pain is measured in suckling piglets and the lack of validated pain-specific outcomes individually indistinct from other biological responses
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Direct and indirect contributions of molecular genetics to farm animal welfare: a review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-11-29 Eymen Demir, Umit Bilginer, Murat Soner Balcioglu, Taki Karsli
Since domestication, farm animals have played a key role to increase the prosperity of humankind, while animal welfare (AW) is debated even today. This paper aims to comprehensively review the contributions of developing molecular genetics to farm animal welfare (FAW) and to raise awareness among both scientists and farmers about AW. Welfare is a complex trait affected by genetic structure and environmental
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Application of the MISTEACHING(S) disease susceptibility framework to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to identify research gaps: an exemplar of a veterinary pathogen Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-07-19 Paul R. Langford, Oliver W. Stringer, Yanwen Li, Janine T. Bossé
Historically, the MISTEACHING (microbiome, immunity, sex, temperature, environment, age, chance, history, inoculum, nutrition, genetics) framework to describe the outcome of host−pathogen interaction, has been applied to human pathogens. Here, we show, using Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as an exemplar, that the MISTEACHING framework can be applied to a strict veterinary pathogen, enabling the identification
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Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of dairy calves – a review of its importance and relationship to health and performance Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-06-16 Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior, Carla Maris Machado Bittar
This review aims to explain how microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in young dairy calves is related to health and, consequently, to the performance of these animals. The review addresses everything from the fundamental aspects of microbial colonization to the current understanding about the microbiota manipulation to improve performance in adult animals. The ruminal microbiota
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Equine influenza: a comprehensive review from etiology to treatment Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-06-02 Luís Dionísio, Francisco Medeiros, Manuel Pequito, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
Influenza is an extremely contagious respiratory disease, which predominantly affects the upper respiratory tract. There are four types of influenza virus, and pigs and chickens are considered two key reservoirs of this virus. Equine influenza (EI) virus was first identified in horses in 1956, in Prague. The influenza A viruses responsible for EI are H7N7 and H3N8. Outbreaks of EI are characterized
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Recent advances of vitamin D in immune, reproduction, performance for pig: a review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-06-02 Pan Yang, Yongxi Ma
Vitamin D (VD) has been reported to play multiple and significant roles in improving pig health via modulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, skeletal muscle development and the immune system. Apart from food, photochemical action of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is the main source of this molecule for pigs. The VD from dietary intake or photosynthesized via skin can be absorbed into the liver
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Contagious ecthyma: how serious is the disease worldwide? Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 Zaharaddeen Lawan, Jamilu Abubakar Bala, Alhaji Modu Bukar, Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan, Hassana Kyari Mangga, Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah, Mustapha Mohamed Noordin, Mohd Lila Mohd-Azmi
Contagious ecthyma (CE) is an infectious disease of small ruminants caused by a parapoxvirus of family Poxviridae subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. The disease is obviously distinguished by an establishment of scabby lesions and ulcerative formation on less hairy areas including muzzle, ears, nostril, and sometimes on genitalia. The disease is endemic in sheep and goats. The virus is transmissible to other
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Skewness in the literature on infectious livestock diseases in an emerging economy – the case of Vietnam Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-05-10 Elisabeth Rajala, Hu Suk Lee, Nguyen Hoai Nam, Chu Thị Thanh Huong, Hoang Minh Son, Barbara Wieland, Ulf Magnusson
Livestock production has increased in many emerging economies, but productivity is often substantially impaired by infectious diseases. The first step towards improved livestock health and productivity is to map the presence of livestock diseases. The objective of this review was to summarize studies conducted on such diseases in an emerging economy, Vietnam, and thereby identifying knowledge gaps
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The olfactory system: the remote-sensing arm of the immune system Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-04-30 Ian Tizard, Loren Skow
Odors may be pleasant or unpleasant and in practice, pleasant odors are attractive while unpleasant odors are repellent. However, an odor that is noxious to one species may be attractive to another. Plants, predators, and pathogens may enhance their transmission by manipulating these signals. This may be especially significant when odors attract arthropod disease vectors. Odor detection may also be
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The National Animal Health Monitoring System's perspective on respiratory disease in dairy cattle Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Diana M. Short, Jason E. Lombard
In 1991, USDA's National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) conducted its first dairy study, a baseline assessment that focused on the health and management of heifer calves. During the study, producers ranked respiratory disease among the top two most common health problems affecting dairy calves. Over the last 25 years, U.S. dairy producers have participated in six NAHMS studies, yielding a
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Economic considerations of enhanced BRD control Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Derrell S. Peel
Cattle producers and animal health professionals are increasingly frustrated by the inability to reduce the impacts of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Improved BRD control is difficult due to the complex nature of the disease; the complexity of cattle industry structure and function; and the imbalance of economic incentives for enhanced BRD control. Success in improving BRD control will depend on
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Economics of respiratory disease in dairy replacement heifers Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Michael W. Overton
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent disease concern in dairy cattle and is most commonly diagnosed in young dairy heifers. The impact of BRD is highly variable, depending on the accuracy and completeness of detection, effectiveness of treatment, and on-farm culling practices. Consequences include decreased rate of weight gain, a higher culling risk either as heifers or as cows, delayed age
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Risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 David R. Smith
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of death in beef calves 3 weeks of age to weaning and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in beef feeding and finishing systems. Each outbreak of respiratory disease is the result of the completion of a sufficient cause, which might have also included components of viral and bacterial pathogens, a certain state of immunity, or other
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The role of the bovine respiratory bacterial microbiota in health and disease Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Trevor W. Alexander, Edouard Timsit, Samat Amat
Increased antimicrobial resistance in bovine respiratory bacterial pathogens poses a threat to the effective control and prevention of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). As part of continued efforts to develop antimicrobial alternatives to mitigate BRD, the microbial community residing within the respiratory tract of feedlot cattle has been increasingly studied using next-generation sequencing technologies
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Bovine respiratory disease treatment failure: definition and impact Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Calvin W. Booker
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) treatment failure occurs when animals receiving a treatment regimen for BRD fail to directly return to health, resulting in chronic illness and a requirement for repeated treatments, sale for salvage slaughter, euthanasia or death. BRD treatment failure has both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts include costs to manage chronically ill animals, including those
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BRD treatment failure: clinical and pathologic considerations Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 T. L. Ollivett
In cattle treated for respiratory disease, resolution of clinical signs has been the mainstay of determining treatment response and treatment efficacy. Through the use of calf lung ultrasound, we have found that pneumonia can persist or recur in the face of antibiotic therapy, despite improved clinical signs, leading to greater risk of clinical disease and more antibiotic use in the future. This review
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Improving resistance of cattle to BRD through genomics Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Kristen L. Parker Gaddis
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is of considerable economic importance to the dairy industry, specifically among young animals. Several studies have demonstrated that BRD has a significant genetic component, with heritabilities ranging from 0.04 up to 0.22, which could be utilized to select more resistant animals. Taking advantage of available genomic data will allow more accurate genetic predictions
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Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: beef Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 John T. Richeson
Assessment of behavior is a longstanding strategy to assist the diagnosis of clinical bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle. Cattle with systemic inflammation caused by infectious pathogen(s) display predictable behavioral adaptations compared to healthy cohorts. Behavioral alterations in BRD-affected cattle include lethargy, social isolation, and anorexia. However, behavior assessment to
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Biomarkers as diagnostic tools for mycobacterial infections in cattle Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Hyun-Eui Park, Han Sang Yoo
Mycobacterial infections are widely distributed in animals and cause considerable economic losses, especially in livestock animals. Bovine paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis, which are representative mycobacterial infections in cattle, are difficult to diagnose using current-generation diagnostics due to their relatively long incubation periods. Thus, alternative diagnostic tools are needed for
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Food for thought: nano-selenium in poultry nutrition and health Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Peter F. Surai, Ivan I. Kochish
In recent years, nanoparticles have become a fashionable subject of research due to their sizes, shapes, and unique intrinsic physicochemical properties. In particular for the last 5 years, nano-Se has received tremendous attention in terms of its production, characteristic, and possible application for poultry/animal science and medical sciences. Indeed, Nano-Se is shown to be a potential source of
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Unleashing the literature: a scoping review of canine zoonotic and vectorborne disease research in Canis familiaris in North America Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Danielle A. Julien, Jan M. Sargeant, Catherine Filejski, Ali M. Versluis, Victoria Waind, Sherilee L. Harper
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) provide important benefits to human beings but can also transmit pathogens. Information on the breadth of canine zoonoses and vectorborne research in North America is scarce. A scoping review was conducted to examine (1) the number and type of canine zoonoses and vectorborne studies in domestic dogs conducted in North America since the start of the 21st century; (2)
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Components of a risk assessment tool for prevention and control of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Sharif S. Aly, Betsy M. Karle, Deniece R. Williams, Gabriele U. Maier, Sasha Dubrovsky
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading natural cause of death in US beef and dairy cattle, causing the annual loss of more than 1 million animals and financial losses in excess of $700 million. The multiple etiologies of BRD and its complex web of risk factors necessitate a herd-specific intervention plan for its prevention and control on dairies. Hence, a risk assessment is an important tool
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Pneumonia in endangered aquatic mammals and the need for developing low-coverage vaccination for their management and conservation Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Ghulam Nabi, Richard W. McLaughlin, Suliman Khan, Yujiang Hao, Ming Xian Chang
Anthropogenic activities can lead to several devastating effects on the environment. The pollutants, which include the discharge of effluents, runoffs in the form of different lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of pesticides, heavy metals, and other contaminants, can harm exposed fauna and flora. The aquatic environment is the ultimate destination for many pollutants which negatively affect aquatic
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The role of the veterinary diagnostic lab in the management of BRD Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 R. G. Helman
Veterinary diagnostic labs (VDLs) are important service agencies providing essential diagnostic testing for a wide variety of domestic animal species as well as wildlife. They serve key roles in disease monitoring and diagnosis as well as surveillance for diseases of consequence. Of the many roles VDLs serve, one is being a member of the larger team of professionals dealing with the management of the
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Impact of bovine respiratory disease in U.S. beef cattle Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Brad J. White, Bob L. Larson
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common and costly diseases of beef cattle. Much research has been conducted to understand prevention, treatment, and economic impacts of this syndrome. Impacts from BRD occur in multiple phases of the beef industry including both pre- and post-weaned calves. This disease causes negative impacts due to production losses, treatment costs, and cattle
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Antimicrobial resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica: prevalence and impact Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Brent Credille
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in North American beef cattle. In recent years, isolation of strains of Mannheimia haemolytica that are resistant to multiple different classes of antimicrobials has become commonplace. New research would suggest that the routine use of antimicrobials by some cattle operations might be driving emerging resistance patterns
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Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: preweaned dairy calves Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Catie Cramer, Theresa L. Ollivett
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important disease in dairy calves due to its long-lasting effects. Early identification results in better outcomes for the animal, but producers struggle to identify all calves with BRD. Sickness behavior, or the behavioral changes that accompany illness, has been investigated for its usefulness as a disease detection tool. Behavioral changes associated with BRD
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Development and application of molecular diagnostics and proteomics to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 John Dustin Loy
Advances in molecular and proteomic technologies and methods have enabled new diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory pathogens that are high-throughput, rapid, and extremely sensitive. Classically, diagnostic testing for these pathogens required culture-based approaches that required days to weeks and highly trained technical staff to conduct. However, new advances such as multiplex hydrolysis probe-based
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Evaluating farm-level livestock interventions in low-income countries: a scoping review of what works, how, and why Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Johanna F. Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Delia Grace
Livestock interventions can improve nutrition, health, and economic well-being of communities. The objectives of this review were to identify and characterize livestock interventions in developing countries and to assess their effectiveness in achieving development outcomes. A scoping review, guided by a search strategy, was conducted. Papers needed to be written in English, published in peer-reviewed
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Genomics: the host's genotype and its relevance to bovine respiratory disease Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Holly Neibergs
Genomic variation exists in cattle that affects their susceptibility to the complex of pathogens responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Heritability estimates and genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) support the role of host genomic variation in BRD susceptibility. Heritability estimates for BRD susceptibility range from 0.02 to 0.29 depending on the population, the definition of the
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Pharmacological considerations of antibiotic failures in bovine respiratory disease cases Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Brian V. Lubbers
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common indications for antimicrobial therapy in beef cattle production and research trials demonstrate that antibiotic therapy greatly improves clinical outcome for BRD. These trials also show that BRD treatment success rates are less than 100% and that there are opportunities to optimize antimicrobial prescribing and improve clinical outcomes if
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Bovine Respiratory Disease virtual symposium. Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Christopher C L Chase,Amelia R Woolums
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Bovine Respiratory Disease virtual symposium. Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Christopher C L Chase,Amelia R Woolums
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Development of a systematic mapping review protocol for the most recent evidence on ruminant infectious disease frequency and disease-associated mortality: Ethiopia as a case study Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 Theodora K. Tsouloufi, Louise M. Donnison, Karen L. Smyth, Andrew R. Peters
Almost 19% of the GDP of Ethiopia results from livestock production. Ruminants, in particular, form the majority of the national herd and are a critical source of income for smallholder farmers. Infectious diseases have been identified as a major cause of reduced livestock productivity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); therefore, a sound and comprehensive understanding of the relevant evidence
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A review of strategies to impact swine feed biosecurity Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 Savannah C. Stewart, Steve S. Dritz, Jason C. Woodworth, Chad Paulk, Cassandra K. Jones
Global pork production has largely adopted on-farm biosecurity to minimize vectors of disease transmission and protect swine health. Feed and ingredients were not originally thought to be substantial vectors, but recent incidents have demonstrated their ability to harbor disease. The objective of this paper is to review the potential role of swine feed as a disease vector and describe biosecurity measures
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‘Big Data’ in animal health research – opportunities and challenges Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Janet I. MacInnes
Automated systems for high-input data collection and data storage have led to exponential growth in the availability of information. Such datasets and the tools applied to them have been referred to as ‘big data’. Starting with a systematic review of the terms ‘informatics, bioinformatics and big data’ in animal health this special issue of AHRR illustrates some big-data applications with papers on
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Efficacy of experimental phage therapies in livestock Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 Marta Dec, Andrzej Wernicki, Renata Urban-Chmiel
Bacteriophages are the most abundant form of life on earth and are present everywhere. The total number of bacteriophages has been estimated to be 1032 virions. The main division of bacteriophages is based on the type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and on the structure of the capsid. Due to the significant increase in the number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages could be a useful tool
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AHR volume 20 issue 2 Cover and Front matter Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-02-21
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Quality assessment of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examine preventive antibiotic uses and management practices designed to prevent disease in livestock Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 Rachael Vriezen, Jan M. Sargeant, Ellen Vriezen, Charlotte B. Winder, Annette M. O'Connor
To implement effective stewardship in food animal production, it is essential that producers and veterinarians are aware of preventive interventions to reduce illness in livestock. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MA) provide transparent, replicable, and quality-assessed overviews. At present, it is unknown how many SR/MA evaluate preventive antibiotic use or management practices aimed at reducing
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The efficacy of litter management strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality in broiler chickens: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 Jan M. Sargeant, Michele D. Bergevin, Katheryn Churchill, Kaitlyn Dawkins, Bhumika Deb, Jennifer Dunn, Dapeng Hu, Catherine M. Logue, Shannon Meadows, Carly Moody, Anastasia Novy, Annette M. O'Connor, Mark Reist, Yuko Sato, Chong Wang, Charlotte B. Winder
A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to address the question, ‘What is the efficacy of litter management strategies to reduce morbidity, mortality, condemnation at slaughter, or total antibiotic use in broilers?’ Eligible studies were clinical trials published in English evaluating the efficacy of litter management in broilers on morbidity, condemnations at slaughter,
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The efficacy of antibiotics to control colibacillosis in broiler poultry: a systematic review Anim. Health Res. Rev. (IF 2.5) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 Jan M. Sargeant, Michele D. Bergevin, Katheryn Churchill, Kaitlyn Dawkins, Bhumika Deb, Jennifer Dunn, Catherine M. Logue, Anastasia Novy, Annette M. O'Connor, Mark Reist, Charlotte B. Winder
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics to prevent or control colibacillosis in broilers. Studies found eligible were conducted controlled trials in broilers that evaluated an antibiotic intervention, with at least one of the following outcomes: mortality, feed conversion ratio (FCR), condemnations at slaughter, or total antibiotic use. Four electronic databases