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Signals without teleology Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Carl T. Bergstrom, Simon M. Huttegger, Kevin J.S. Zollman
"Signals" are a conceptual apparatus in many scientific disciplines. Biologists inquire about the evolution of signals, economists talk about the signaling function of purchases and prices, and philosophers discuss the conditions under which signals acquire meaning. However, less attention has been paid to what is a signal. Most existing accounts are teleological in some way. This paper provides a
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Beyond explanation, the cancer biology patchwork Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Pierre-Luc Germain
Abstract not available
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Explaining Cancer by Anya Plutynski: Cancer explained and unexplained Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Sara Green
Abstract not available
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Explaining Cancer by Anya Plutynski: Reply by the author Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Anya Plutynski
Abstract not available
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The Invention of the Modern Dog by Michael Worboys, Julie-Marie Strange, and Neil Pemberton: (Breeding Spectacle) Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Bernard Lightman
Abstract not available
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The invention of the modern dog by Michael Worboys, Julie-Marie strange, and Neil Pemberton: The commercialization of breeding for beauty Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Margaret Derry
Abstract not available
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The invention of the modern dog by Michael Worboys, Julie-Marie Strange, and Neil Pemberton: Learning from the concept of ‘breed’ Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Rachel A. Ankeny
Abstract not available
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The Invention of the Modern Dog by Michael Worboys, Julie-Marie Strange, and Neil Pemberton: Reply by the authors Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Michael Worboys, Julie-Marie Strange, Neil Pemberton
Abstract not available
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Race science in Czechoslovakia: Serving segregation in the name of the nation. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Victoria Shmidt
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Population and organismal perspectives on trait origins. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Brian McLoone
Some biologists and philosophers of biology claim selection can “create” novel traits. Others claim creativity is to be found only in development. I here endorse the former claim, but take seriously and address the concerns that underlie the latter. My discussion of these issues is informed by recent work that champions the “return of the organism” to mainstream evolutionary biology, and I suggest
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(re)Producing mtEve. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 Marina DiMarco
In their 1987 Nature publication, “Mitochondrial DNA and Human Evolution,” Rebecca Cann, Mark Stoneking, and Allan C. Wilson gave a new reconstruction of human evolution on the basis of differences in mitochondrial DNA among contemporary human populations. This phylogeny included an African common ancestor for all human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages, and Cann et al.’s reconstruction became known
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Transfer of Lamarckisms and emerging 'scientific' psychologies: 19th - early 20th centuries Britain and France. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Snait B Gissis
The paper argues that transfer of assumptions, concepts, models and metaphors from a variety of Lamarckisms played a significant role in the endeavors to constitute psychology as a scientific discipline. It deals with such efforts in the second half of the nineteenth century and until early twentieth century in Britain and in France. The paper discusses works by Herbert Spencer, John Hughlings-Jackson
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Resurecting raciology? Genetic ethnology and pre-1945 anthropological race classification. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Richard McMahon
This article places the current high-profile and controversial scientific project that I call ‘genetic ethnology’ within the same two-century tradition of biologically classifying modern peoples as pre-1945 race anthropology. Similarities in how these two biological projects have combined political and scientific agendas raise questions about the liberalism of genetics and stimulate concerns that genetic
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Issues of biopolitics of reproduction in post-war Greece. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Alexandra Barmpouti
The Greek biopolitics of reproduction during the post-war period was determined by the demographic figures. Instead of a rise in births, Greece experienced a constant downward trajectory of the birth rate throughout the second half of the twentieth century. The country also witnessed population instability due to the massive immigration in the 1960s and the wave of repatriation in the next decade.
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The meaning of biological signals. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-12 Marc Artiga,Jonathan Birch,Manolo Martínez
We introduce the virtual special issue on content in signalling systems. The issue explores the uses and limits of ideas from evolutionary game theory and information theory for explaining the content of biological signals. We explain the basic idea of the Lewis-Skyrms sender-receiver framework, and we highlight three key themes of the issue: (i) the challenge of accounting for deception, misinformation
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Ontology and values anchor indigenous and grey nomenclatures: a case study in lichen naming practices among the Samí, Sherpa, Scots, and Okanagan. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Catherine Kendig
Ethnobotanical research provides ample justification for comparing diverse biological nomenclatures and exploring ways that retain alternative naming practices. However, how (and whether) comparison of nomenclatures is possible remains a subject of discussion. The comparison of diverse nomenclatural practices introduces a suite of epistemic and ontological difficulties and considerations. Different
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Intercultural science education as a trading zone between traditional and academic knowledge. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Jairo Robles-Piñeros,David Ludwig,Geilsa Costa Santos Baptista,Adela Molina Andrade
Intercultural science education requires negotiations between knowledge systems and of tensions between them. Building on ethnographic fieldwork and educational interventions in two farming communities in the Northeast of Brazil, we explore the potential of science education to mediate between traditional and academic knowledge. While traditional knowledge shapes agricultural practices and interactions
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Explaining knowledge pluralisms; the intertwining of culture and materiality. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 Chantelle Marlor
A wide variety of theories explain how social factors influence and shape knowledges. Other theories describe how materialism and social elements coalesce. Largely still missing, however, is an argument that substantially addresses both culture and materiality. Using examples from four ethnographic case studies of culturally-distinct practitioners (two groups of Indigenous harvesters, a group of contaminant
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Not by structures alone: Can the immune system recognize microbial functions? Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Gregor P Greslehner
A central question for immunology is: what does the immune system recognize and according to which principles does this kind of recognition work? Immunology has been dominated by the idea of recognizing molecular structures and triggering an appropriate immune response when facing non-self or danger. Recently, characterizations in terms of function have turned out to be more conserved and explanatory
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Rethinking emotion as a natural kind: Correctives from Spinoza and hierarchical homology. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Renee England
It is commonly claimed that the folk category of emotion does not constitute a natural kind, due to the significant compositional differences between its members, especially basic and complex emotions. Arguably, however, this conclusion stems from the dualistic philosophical anthropology underlying the discussion, which presupposes a metaphysical “split” between mind and body. This is the case irrespective
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Holobionts: Ecological communities, hybrids, or biological individuals? A metaphysical perspective on multispecies systems. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 Vanessa Triviño,Javier Suárez
Holobionts are symbiotic assemblages composed by a macrobe host (animal or plant) plus its symbiotic microbiota. In recent years, the ontological status of holobionts has created a great amount of controversy among philosophers and biologists: are holobionts biological individuals or are they rather ecological communities of independent individuals that interact together? Chiu and Eberl have recently
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Underdetermination and evidence-based policy. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Fredrik Andersen,Elena Rocca
Safety assessment of technologies and interventions is often underdetermined by evidence. For example, scientists have collected evidence concerning genetically modified plants for decades. This evidence was used to ground opposing safety protocols for “stacked genetically modified” plants, in which two or more genetically modified plants are combined. Evidence based policy would thus be rendered more
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Representing and coordinating ethnobiological knowledge. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Daniel A Weiskopf
Indigenous peoples possess enormously rich and articulated knowledge of the natural world. A major goal of research in anthropology and ethnobiology as well as ecology, conservation biology, and development studies is to find ways of integrating this knowledge with that produced by academic and other institutionalized scientific communities. Here I present a challenge to this integration project. I
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'Ethnobiological equivocation' and other misunderstandings in the interpretation of natures. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 Violeta Furlan,N David Jiménez-Escobar,Fernando Zamudio,Celeste Medrano
In this contribution we seek to enrich the theoretical and methodological approaches of ethnobiology. The essay takes elements of Amerindian anthropology, classical ethnobiological studies and the freedoms provided by feminist philosophers to open up reflection. The central background of the essay is the method of “controlled equivocation” proposed by Viveiros de Castro (2004). We present a series
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Social borrowings and biological appropriations: Special issue introduction. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 Christopher Donohue
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A gradient framework for wild foods. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 Andrea Borghini,Nicola Piras,Beatrice Serini
The concept of wild food does not play a significant role in contemporary nutritional science and it is seldom regarded as a salient feature within standard dietary guidelines. The knowledge systems of wild edible taxa are indeed at risk of disappearing. However, recent scholarship in ethnobotany, field biology, and philosophy demonstrated the crucial role of wild foods for food biodiversity and food
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Mental health, normativity, and local knowledge in global perspective Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 Elena Popa
Approaching mental health on a global scale with particular reference to low- and mid-income countries raises issues concerning the disregard of the local context and values and the imposition of values characteristic of the Global North. Seeking a philosophical viewpoint to surmount these problems, the present paper argues for a value-laden framework for psychiatry with the specific incorporation
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Communication without common interest: A signaling experiment. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Hannah Rubin,Justin P Bruner,Cailin O'Connor,Simon Huttegger
Communication can arise when the interests of speaker and listener diverge if the cost of signaling is high enough that it aligns their interests. But what happens when the cost of signaling is not sufficient to align their interests? Using methods from experimental economics, we test whether theoretical predictions of a partially informative system of communication are borne out. As our results indicate
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Kant, Linnaeus, and the economy of nature. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Aaron Wells
Ecology arguably has roots in eighteenth-century natural histories, such as Linnaeus's economy of nature, which pressed a case for holistic and final-causal explanations of organisms in terms of what we'd now call their environment. After sketching Kant's arguments for the indispensability of final-causal explanation merely in the case of individual organisms, and considering the Linnaean alternative
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Mapping styles of ethnobiological thinking in North and Latin America: Different kinds of integration between biology, anthropology, and TEK. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 Radamés Villagómez-Reséndiz
Ethnobiology has emerged as an important transdisciplinary field that addresses the epistemic and political value of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) through an integration of biological and social sciences. In North and Latin America, ethnobiology encompasses a diversity of approaches towards TEK but there is no consensus on how TEK relates to biological and anthropological research. The aim
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Free-viewing as experimental system to test the Temporal Correlation Hypothesis: A case of theory-generative experimental practice. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 Juan Manuel Garrido Wainer,Juan Felipe Espinosa,Natalia Hirmas,Nicolás Trujillo
Theory-free characterizations of experimental systems miss normative and conceptual components that sometimes are crucial to understanding their historical development. In the following paper, we show that these components may be part of the intrinsic capacities of experimental systems themselves. We study a case of non-exploratory and theory-oriented research in experimental neuroscience that concerns
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A typology of clinical conditions. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 Steven Tresker
In the philosophy of medicine, great attention has been paid to defining disease, yet less attention has been paid to the classification of clinical conditions. These include conditions that look like diseases but are not; conditions that are diseases but that (currently) have no diagnostic criteria; and other types, including those relating to risk for disease. I present a typology of clinical conditions
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Goltz against cerebral localization: Methodology and experimental practices. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-05-21 J P Gamboa
In the late 19th century, physiologists such as David Ferrier, Eduard Hitzig, and Hermann Munk argued that cerebral brain functions are localized in discrete structures. By the early 20th century, this became the dominant position. However, another prominent physiologist, Friedrich Goltz, rejected theories of cerebral localization and argued against these physiologists until his death in 1902. I argue
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Scientific encounters between Colombia and the United States analyzed through publishing practices in Caldasia journal: The birds of the Republic of Colombia as a publishing event. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 Yuirubán Hernández Socha
In 1948, American ornithologist Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee began publishing what would be the most complete list of birds from Colombia that had ever been printed up to that time. His work was called The Birds of the Republic of Colombia (TBRC), and at the invitation of Armando Dugand, the director of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and of the Caldasia
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Pain in psychology, biology and medicine: Some implications for pain eliminativism. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-04-29 Tudor M Baetu
An analysis of arguments for pain eliminativism reveals two significant points of divergence between assumptions underlying biomedical research on pain and assumptions typically endorsed by eliminativist accounts. The first concerns the status of the term ‘pain,’ which is a description of a phenomenon, rather than an explanatory construct. The second concerns reductive explanation: pain is explained
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Models, information and meaning. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-04-21 Dr Marc Artiga
There has recently been an explosion of formal models of signaling, which have been developed in order to learn about different aspects of meaning. This paper discusses whether that success can also be used to provide an original naturalistic theory of meaning in terms of information or some related notion. In particular, it argues that, although these models can teach us a lot about different aspects
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Making evidential claims in epidemiology: Three strategies for the study of the exposome. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 Stefano Canali
How is scientific data used to represent phenomena and as evidence for claims about phenomena? In this paper, I propose that a specific type of claims – evidential claims – is involved in data practices to define and restrict the representational and evidential content of a dataset. I present an account of data practices in the epidemiology of the exposome based on the notion of evidential claims,
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How comparative psychology lost its soul: Psychical research and the new science of animal behavior. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 David Evan Pence
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Adaptation and optimality in evolutionary biology: Historical and philosophical perspectives on the interpretations of R.A. Fisher's "Fundamental theorem of natural selection" and the "Formal Darwinism" project. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 Nicola Bertoldi
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Historical links between Ethnobiology and Evolution: Conflicts and possible resolutions. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-03-29 Raymond Pierotti
In recent years there have been several attempts to examine Ethnobiology from an evolutionary perspective. I discuss several potential sources of confusion in applying Evolutionary concepts to Ethnobiology. Ethnobiological discussions of evolution have focused more on changes in human populations, or on human impacts upon plants used by humans for a variety of purposes, than on the processes typically
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In the beginning there was information? Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Peter Godfrey-Smith
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Asexual organisms, identity and vertical gene transfer. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-02-07 Gunnar Babcock
This paper poses a problem for traditional phylogenetics: The identity of organisms that reproduce through fission can be understood in several different ways. This prompts questions about how to differentiate parent organisms from their offspring, making vertical gene transfer unclear. Differentiating between parents and offspring stems from what I call the identity problem. How the problem is resolved
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“The Invention of Madness by Emily Baum: Reply by the author” Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Emily Baum
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Theoretical and clinical disease and the biostatistical theory. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-01-31 Steven Tresker
Although concepts of disease have received much scrutiny, the benefits of distinguishing between theoretical and clinical disease—and what is meant by those terms—may not be as readily apparent. One way of characterizing the distinction between theoretical and clinical conceptions of disease is by relying on Boorse's biostatistical theory (BST) for a conception of theoretical disease. Clinical disease
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Inhibition and metaphor of top-down organization. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-01-30 Roger Smith
The paper discusses the metaphorical nature and meaning of a concept, inhibition, ubiquitous in physiological, psychological and everyday descriptions of the controlling organization of human conduct. There are three parts. The first reviews the established argument in the theory of knowledge that metaphor is not ‘merely’ figure of speech but intrinsic to language use. The middle section provides an
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Postgenomics function monism. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 Zdenka Brzović,Predrag Šustar
The ENCODE project has made important new estimates of human genome functionality, now revising the percentage considered functional to more than 80%, which is in stark contrast to the received view, which estimated that less than 10% of the conserved parts of the human genome are functional. ENCODE's unorthodox use of the notion of biological function has stirred the so-called ENCODE controversy,
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Evolutionary contingency as non-trivial objective probability: Biological evitability and evolutionary trajectories. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-01-06 T Y William Wong
Contingency-theorists have put forth differing accounts of evolutionary contingency. The bulk of these accounts abstractly refer to certain causal structures in which an evolutionarily contingent outcome is supposedly embedded. For example, an outcome is evolutionarily contingent if it is at the end of a 'path-dependent' or 'causally dependent' causal chain. However, this paper argues that many of
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Synthesising arguments and the extended evolutionary synthesis. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-01-06 Andrew Buskell
Synthesising arguments motivate changes to the conceptual tools, theoretical structure, and evaluatory framework employed in a given scientific domain. Recently, a broad coalition of researchers has put forward a synthesising argument in favour of an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis ('EES'). Often this synthesising argument is evaluated using a virtue-based approach, which construes the EES as a wholesale
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Pluralism and incommensurability in suicide research. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 Hane Htut Maung
This paper examines the complex research landscape of contemporary suicidology from a philosophy of science perspective. I begin by unpacking the methods, concepts, and assumptions of some of the prominent approaches to studying suicide causation, including psychological autopsy studies, epidemiological studies, biological studies, and qualitative studies. I then analyze the different ways these approaches
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DNA is not an ontologically distinctive developmental cause. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 Davide Vecchi
In this article I critically evaluate the thesis that DNA is an ontologically distinctive developmental cause. I shall critically analyse different versions of the latter thesis by taking into consideration concrete developmental cases. I shall argue that DNA is neither a developmental determinant nor an ontologically distinctive developmental cause. Instead, I shall argue that mechanistic analysis
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How to choose your research organism. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-12-26 Michael R Dietrich,Rachel A Ankeny,Nathan Crowe,Sara Green,Sabina Leonelli
Despite August Krogh's famous admonition that a 'convenient' organism exists for every biological problem, we argue that appeals to 'convenience' are not sufficient to capture reasoning about organism choice. Instead, we offer a detailed analysis based on empirical data and philosophical arguments for a working set of twenty criteria that interact with each other in the highly contextualized judgements
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The origins of the stochastic theory of population genetics: The Wright-Fisher model. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-12-25 Yoichi Ishida,Alirio Rosales
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Kant, organisms, and representation. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 Patrick R Leland
Some interpreters claim Kant distinguishes between organisms and living things. I argue this claim is underdetermined by the textual evidence. Once this is recognized, it becomes a real possibility that Kant's various remarks about the essential properties of living things generalize to organisms as such. This, in turn, generates a puzzle. Kant repeatedly claims that the capacity for representation
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Pandora's box closed: The Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine and Nazi medical experiments on human beings during World War II. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 James Mills
In the months before and after the final surrender of Nazi Germany on 8 May 1945, British aviation medicine specialists were sent to the European continent to learn the progress that German aviation medicine had made since September 1939. For the medical officers at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine at Farnborough in Hampshire, the dilemma over whether the medical data from the Nazi
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Best behaviour: A proposal for a non-binary conceptualization of behaviour in biology. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-11-15 Eric Muszynski,Christophe Malaterre
Behaviour is a widespread object of research in biology, yet it is often left undefined, and the variety of existing definitions have not led to a consensus. We argue that the fundamental problem in defining behaviour has been the assumption that the concept must be categorical: either a phenomenon is a behaviour or it is not. We propose instead that 'behaviour' is best understood as a spectrum concept
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Social evolution and the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-11-02 Cédric Paternotte
Does natural selection tend to maximise something? Does it produce individuals who act as if they maximised something? These questions have long occupied evolutionary theorists, and have proven especially tricky in the case of social evolution, which is known for leading to apparently suboptimal states. This paper investigates recent results about maximising analogies - especially regarding whether
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Should we ask for more than consistency of Darwinism with Mendelism? Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-10-12 Alan Grafen
A nonmathematical exposition of the current status of the formal darwinism project is presented, linking it to the fundamental theorem of natural selection, which is regarded as Fisher's own 'formal darwinism project'. The purpose is to found organism-level thinking about design and adaptation, in short Darwinism, on what is known about the mechanics of genetic inheritance, in short Mendelism, and
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Defending pluralism about compositional explanations. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-09-24 Kenneth Aizawa,Carl Gillett
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Hamilton meets causal decision theory. Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. Part C Stud. Hist. Philos. Biol. Biomed. Sci. (IF 0.9) Pub Date : 2019-08-29 Johannes Martens
In this paper, I contrast two mathematically equivalent ways of modeling the evolution of altruism, namely the classical inclusive fitness approach and a more recent, "direct fitness" approach. Though both are usually considered by evolutionists as mere different ways of representing the same causal process (i.e. that of kin selection), I argue that this consensus is misleading, for there is a fundamental