This study aims to evaluate the impact of excess body weight, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension on the nutritional composition of human milk. This cohort study was conducted at a tertiary public health unit in the city of Rio de Janeiro from March 2016 to February 2018. The data were collected in two stages (96 hours and one month after delivery). The macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, lipid)

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies through December 2019 according to the population, intervention, comparison, outcome and study design (PICOS) criteria. Eight prospective cohort studies

This study evaluated the validity of nutrient and food group intakes estimated by an FFQ against biomarkers. A 71-item semiquantitative FFQ was administered to 210 Brazilian children and adolescents aged 9–13 years. Intakes were correlated with biomarkers in plasma and red blood cells. Correlations between nutrients and their biomarkers were presented for animal protein, myristic acid (C14:0), EPA

A hypocaloric diet, based on Orthodox fasting (OF) was followed by 29 overweight adults. A low-calorie, 16/8, time restricted eating (TRE) pattern was followed by 16 age- and weight-matched participants. Anthropometric, lipid, glycaemic and inflammation markers were assessed at baseline, at the end of the intervention (7 weeks from baseline) and 6 weeks after the cessation of diets (13 weeks from baseline)

Conventional (CB) and apple-pomace-reformulated (RB) biscuits were administered to healthy rats. Although the areas under curve (AUC) of glucose concentration were comparable between samples, differences in the glycaemic profile of CB and RB were observed. RB caused an initial steeper increase in glycaemia but a shift in the glycaemic peak from 45 to 60 min, as compared to CB. When CB or RB was ingested

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and the risk of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is a cross-sectional study that involved 6802 participants aged 18–65 years. Dietary intake and other variables were assessed by questionnaires. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2D was ascertained by self-report and analyses of fasting blood samples. In the

The appropriate age at introduction of complementary foods (CFs) has always been a matter of debate. The Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently produced a Scientific Opinion based on a systematic literature search, supporting the existence of an age range for the introduction of CFs, which vary according to the characteristics

Sub-Saharan African countries are experiencing an alarming increase in hypertension prevalence. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of nitrate-rich beetroot and folate supplementation, alone or combined, for the reduction of blood pressure (BP) in Tanzanian adults with elevated BP. This was a three-arm double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel randomised clinical trial. Forty-eight

Propionate has antimicrobial activity and is suggested to influence lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the effect of propionate on lipid metabolism and the gut microbiome in fructose-fed mice as a model of diet-induced steatosis and gut dysbiosis. Therefore, 48 male wild-type mice were fed isoenergetic diets with either 0% fructose (F–) or 40% fructose (F+) that contained 0% propionate (P–) or

The aim of the present study was to analyse chemopreventive effects of oat flakes under consideration of processing. Thin and thick flakes were roasted and subjected to an in vitro digestion and fermentation. Fermentation supernatants (FS) were characterised and chemopreventive effects were analysed in LT97 colon adenoma cells. Compared to the fermentation control, pH values were decreased (from pH

Abstract The concept of glycaemic index (GI) has led to efforts to develop low-GI foods. Bread contributes around one-quarter of carbohydrate intake in the Swedish diet. In this study, we sought to develop low-GI bread prototypes and examined the effects of bread making on content of total dietary fibre (TDF) and resistant starch (RS). Five bread prototypes were made in a commercial bakery, using sourdough

The study examines Parental Feeding Practices (PFP) in relation to adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and children’s weight status. It’s a cross-sectional study of 402 parents (68.4% mothers), with children aged 2–12 years. Parents completed the Comprehensive Parental Feeding Questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), evaluating children’s adherence

We recently showed that the treatment with Resveratrol (RES) contrasts the effects of ageing on the skeletal muscle (SKM), reduces the appearance of tubular aggregates (TAs), and improves the fatigue resistance. Since fatigue resistance depends on the SKM capillary network, and RES has been described to improve vascularisation, we analysed the SKM capillarization in naturally ageing C57BL/6J male mice

Smoothies are a popular breakfast option. However, liquids may evoke weaker satiation than nutritionally comparable semi-solid and solid foods. This study examined consumption of cereal and milk (CM) or a nutritionally comparable fruit smoothie (FS) for breakfast on subsequent dietary behaviours, in a controlled laboratory setting. Twenty-five participants (age 25 ± 6 y) completed three trials, receiving

Rice represents a primary source of carbohydrates in human nutrition. Upon its consumption, the released sugars are mostly absorbed, categorising rice as a high glycemic index food. Addition of ingredients is common practice when cooking rice, which may affect rice digestibility and influence nutrients absorption in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, enabling a controlled glucose release. In this sense

The OPERA (Obesity, Programmes of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment of the best treatment) PREVENTION PROJECT was a campaign of prevention of obesity that was held on October 11th–13th 2019 in Naples. The project was based on the organization of a medical, athletic, tasting and psychological path with the following objectives: 1) Providing a free medical examination to subjects with obesity;

Pursuing food systems’ sustainability is crucial. Given the risk constituted by unhealthy diets, scarce research on food-related adjacent fields, and inconsistency across food literacy conceptualizations, this study aims to explore the constructs’ definition and develop a conceptual and empirical framework of food literacy. A quantitative approach was taken on previously obtained qualitative outcomes

Soy consumption and its components, including its protein, are related to the beneficial effects of the lipid profile, decreased insulin resistance and glycaemia. However, the safety of the consumption of products containing phytoestrogens in critical stages of development has been questioned, since they may be associated with endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions in adult life. The purpose is to evaluate

(2020). Is Mediterranean diet still a common dietary pattern in the Mediterranean area? International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition: Vol. 71, No. 4, pp. 395-396.

Whether polyphenols could ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still conflicting. To explore the efficacy of polyphenols as an adjuvant therapy for IBD, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane databases. Finally, 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. In contrast to control group

Beer is a source of folate, vitamin B6 and B12, molecules involved in the pathways of homocysteine (HCY), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This research evaluated if a consumption of craft or industrial beer could reduce serum HCY. In a randomised cross-over study, 12 men (28.7 ± 6.0 years) and 12 women (29.4 ± 7.5 years), healthy, omnivorous, with normal body mass index, non-smoking and not

For seven weeks, 37 overweight adults followed a hypocaloric diet based on Orthodox Fasting (OF). A hypocaloric, time restricted eating (TRE) plan (eating between 08:00 to 16:00 h, water fasting from 16:00 to 08:00 h) was followed by 23 Body Mass Index (BMI)-matched participants. Anthropometric, glycaemic and inflammation markers and serum lipids were assessed before and after the diets. Both OF and

The utilisation and fermentation of highly cross-linked phosphate starches made from two different origins, potato (HXL-P) and tapioca (HXL-T) were investigated in rats and humans. HXL-P and HXL-T were highly resistant to digestion by carbohydrate enzymes and were also resistant to fermentation by gut microbiota in rats. The postprandial blood glucose scarcely increased after administration of HXL-P

Feeding from own mother’s milk is not always an option for preterm infants, and choosing between alternative means of feeding should be made in light of their effect on infants’ health. In this work, we aimed to present evidence regarding feeding pre-term infants with human milk, either own mother’s or donor milk (DM), and the potential effects on growth and other health related outcomes. Exclusive

In this study, the insulin-like and insulin sensitising effects of the ellagitannins geraniin, corilagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and Nephelium lappaceum rind extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. It was observed that non-toxic concentrations of geraniin and its metabolites (0.2–20 μM) and N. lappaceum extract (0.2–20 μg/mL) exhibited insulin-like properties in the absence of insulin and

Information on children’s diet including bioactive compounds is quite scarce. This observational study investigated the composition of the diet of children living in Parma (Italy; n = 172, 8–10 years) using 3-day food records completed in winter and spring. Mean daily intakes of food groups, energy and nutrients were obtained using the national food database, while (poly)phenol contents were estimated

Epidemiological data suggest protective effects of oestrogen and phytoestrogen on lung tissue. This study aimed to elucidate the role of 17-β-oestradiol and phytoestrogen in age-related inhibition of surfactant synthesis and oxidative stress in rat type II pneumocytes. Forty male and 66 female Wistar rats were used. Female rats were randomly kept intact or ovariectomized at age 12 months. At age 22 months

During the last decades, an important modification of dietary habits has been observed in the Mediterranean countries, especially among young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and its relationship with weight status in a group of Italian middle school adolescents by using the KIDMED test. The evaluation of weight status revealed that 61.5, 26

High-fat diet (HFD)-feeding induces changes in the microbiome and increases intestinal permeability by impairing tight junction (TJ) protein function, which may explain the insulin resistance (IR) and associated pathologies. We aimed to determine the effects of resveratrol (RES) on the gut microbiome and intestinal TJ proteins. Results showed that RES administration improved the lipid profile, and

Growing evidence indicates that vitamin B (VB) and vitamin D (VD) are associated with the development of obesity. The effects of supplemental dietary VB and VD on the gut microbiota of obese individuals are still largely unknown. In the present study, 997 normoweight (NW) and 773 overweight (OW) samples were screened from the American Gut Project. The microbial α-diversity was not affected by VB, VD

Unique plant-derived cyclic peptides family exhibiting various key biological activities has great possibility for anticancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of orbitides isolated from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) on the growth of SGC-7901 cancer cells and the potential mechanism. Results showed that flaxseed orbitides killed off cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to systematically review the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk in different populations. We systematically searched the Medline via PubMed, Scopus and Clarivate till July 2019. We initially retrieved 433 articles. Having removed duplicates, with initial searching of title and abstracts, 317 papers were excluded and 80 remained. A meta-analysis

In recent decades in high industrialised countries the occupational risks and energy costs of labour have decreased while the subjective nutritional and metabolic risk of workers has increased because they often follow an incorrect lifestyle. This article addresses the multidisciplinary assessment and management of these risks in order to define a Nutrient Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point

We aimed to investigate associations of dietary intakes with unhealthy metabolic phenotype development, in normal weight and overweight/obese adults separately. A total of 1114 individuals, aged ≥19 years, with healthy phenotype in the third examination cycle of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study were followed until the fifth examination. Dietary intakes were estimated using the food frequency questionnaires

A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial was conducted on 41 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Participants were randomly allocated to receive either a cranberry supplement or a placebo for 12 weeks. Both groups were assigned to follow a weight loss diet. At the end of the study, alanine aminotransferase and insulin decreased significantly in both groups (p < 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between refined grains intake and obesity in China. Refined grain intake was considered in relation to energy intake and at varied levels of macronutrient distribution. A cross-sectional study of 6913 participants was conducted using internet-based dietary questionnaire for Chinese (IDQC). The associations and dose–response relationships

Numerous studies have reported beneficial effects for fasting in cellular and animal models, but human studies have shown conflicting results. Recently, a new diet has been introduced both in the scientific literature and in the lay media, the so-called fasting-mimicking diet. It is mainly characterised by a diet period that imitates fasting (generally 4–5 consecutive days) consisting of low or very

Vitamin D improves bone density and latest studies show adherence to Med-Diet as protective on osteoporosis. This observational study aimed at investigating the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and adherence to Med-Diet. Body weight, BMI, WC, glucose, insulin, 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and creatinine serum levels and insulin

Replacement of food rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) is a well-known dietary strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease while its impact on postprandial blood lipids is less examined. This study assessed the effects of fatty acids composition on the postprandial triglycerides and cholesterol responses. Seventeen randomised controlled trials were identified

Oral food perception together with lifestyle may affect food preferences and choices, influencing weight gain and obesity development. The present study was designed to evaluate the association of biological (taste sensitivity) and lifestyle variables with children food preferences, assessing whether all these variables contribute to explain BMI percentile. After anthropometric evaluation, 387 children

(2020). Correction. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. Ahead of Print.

We sought to determine whether design of carbohydrate-based microspheres to have different digestion rates, while retaining the same material properties, could modulate gastric emptying through the ileal brake. Microspheres made to have three slow digestion rates and a rapidly digested starch analogue (maltodextrin) were administrated to rats by gavage and starch contents in the stomach, proximal and

This study investigated the levels of selected essential elements in a brand of industrially prepared complementary foods in the UK for infants aged 4+, 7+, and 10+ months in order to ascertain their nutritional standards relative to the mineral reference daily intakes and interrelationships. Estimated daily intake of minerals was calculated from elemental contribution from the complementary foods

“Serrano” pepper is extensively used in Mexican cuisine. The aim of this study was to identify the bioaccessible phenolic compounds (PC) of “Serrano” pepper as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced and PC bioconverted using an in vitro step-wise gastromimetic model of the intestinal digestion and anaerobic fermentation of the isolated indigestible fraction (IF). The anti-topoisomerase activity

Studies have shown the effects of chocolate-based products on appetite-related indicators; however, the results of these studies are equivocal. Thus, the aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the acute and long-term response of appetite-related hormones to chocolate intake in adults. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for published studies, in English

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between soft drink consumption and handgrip strength (HGS) in subjects aged 40 years and older (n = 14,925). After multivariable-adjustment (including demographics, lifestyles, family history of diseases, dietary intake, and other beverages consumption), the least square means (95% confidence interval) of HGS across soft drink consumption

The lack of mandated folate enrichment of gluten-free (GF) grains in Canada has been suspected to contribute to suboptimal folate intake among children suffering from Celiac disease (CD). Children with CD on the gluten-free diet (GFD) face nutrient imbalances (higher fat/sugar, lower folate) from processed GF foods. The study objective examined folate intake in children with CD and folate content of

For normal gut and body function, the diet should contain variety of dietary fibres. To elucidate the links between food intake, especially the variety of dietary fibres, faecal microbiota, body mass index and content of blood lipids, 59 healthy subjects on common Estonian diet were enrolled. The dietary records were analysed at nutrient level while seven categories of fibres were characterised to

Overconsumption of fructose-enriched beverages and everyday stress are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders through modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate whether interaction of high-fructose diet and chronic stress alter insulin and glucocorticoid signalling thus affecting hepatic glucose homeostasis. High-fructose diet led to hyperinsulinemia

Abstract The major aim of this controlled, randomised, open-labelled, parallel-grouped, clinical trial was to investigate whether supplementation with different dosages of omega-3 fatty acids (0.5 g/d and 1 g/d) from a plant-based fatty acid supplement affected omega-3-indices (O3I) in well-nourished, healthy people. In addition, the combined ingestion of the plant-based fatty acid supplement, together

Processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has been associated with development of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCD). This systematic review aims to summarise and discuss evidence of the relationship between food consumption according to degree of food processing and cardiometabolic risk. Data search was conducted in databases as PubMed, Bireme and Science Direct until July 2018. Studies

We aimed to compare the dietary quality and intake of pregnant women, women planning to conceive and women of childbearing age. Fifty-five pregnant women were matched for age and pre-pregnancy body mass index with 55 women planning to conceive and 55 women of childbearing age. Three Web-based 24-h recalls were completed, from which the Canadian Healthy Eating Index was calculated. Pregnant women had

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases that cause disability among older adults. The objective of this study was to assess the association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and OA in American adults. This study included adults (≥ aged 20 years) who participated in the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016 in the United States

The interaction and action mechanism of starch with different phenolic compounds were investigated. By using scanning electron microscope, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, phenolic compounds exhibited the significant effects on the morphology, intensity of hydrogen bond, crystalline structure and thermal stability of starch, respectively

The study used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014 to analyse the relationship of dietary vitamin B1, B2, niacin, B6, B12 and dietary folate equivalent (DEF) intakes with metabolic syndrome. In the multivariate-adjusted model 2, compared with the lowest quartile of dietary intake, the odd ratios (ORs;95% confidence intervals (CIs)) were 0.73 (0.59–0

Combining high-carbohydrate food with polyphenol-rich food is a possible way of producing slowly digestible starch with beneficial health properties. In Japan, non-glutinous and glutinous rice are cooked with adzuki bean and the colour of the cooked rice is pale red. In this article, we show that (1) the red colour of rice could be attributed to the oxidation of adzuki bean procyanidins, (2) pancreatin-induced

The objective of the present study was to determine lipid content, fatty acid composition and the recommended daily portion of 13 fish species, nine bivalves, six crustacean, three echinoderm and three cephalopod species, from the Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). Fatty acids profile varied significantly among species (p < .05); polyunsaturated fatty acids represented an important proportion, with

Resistant starch (RS) consumption has beneficial effects on health, such as reduced postprandial blood glucose levels. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a 14-day diet containing RS on α-glucosidase activity and the expression of genes related to carbohydrate digestion/absorption in rats. We examined whether the effects of RS persist when the rats were shifted to a control diet. The results

Whole grains have been associated with a number of health benefits. We systematically reviewed existing meta-analyses of observational studies and evaluated the level of evidence for their putative effects based on pre-selected criteria. Of the 23 included studies, we found convincing evidence of an inverse association between whole grain consumption and risk of type-2 diabetes and colorectal cancer;

Whether drinking green tea (GT) could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) is still controversial. The search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. The generalised least square method and constrained cubic spline model were performed to assess the dose-response trends between GT consumption and BC risk. The attributable risk proportion (ARP) was also calculated. A total