The appetite regulating hormone leptin, which is mainly secreted from adipose tissue, is an important regulator of food intake and modulator of reward-driven behavior. Leptin exerts its biological actions via binding to the leptin receptor, which is expressed in the hypothalamus, but also in the hippocampus, the amygdala and the substantia nigra. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), leptin attenuates

Abstinence after chronic alcohol consumption leads to withdrawal symptoms, which are exacerbated after repeated cycles of relapse. This study examined withdrawal-like behaviors after chronic ethanol drinking, with or without repeated cycles of deprivation.

We conducted a dose–response meta-analysis to explore the association between alcohol and particular alcoholic beverages with risk of esophageal cancer (EC) by histological type [esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC)] and whether the association differs according to gender.

Rodent studies propose potential mechanisms linking excessive drinking and pain hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia), such that stress hormones (i.e. epinephrine and cortisol) mediate induction and maintenance of alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia. The first aim of this study was to examine whether hyperalgesia would occur within 48 h after a drinking episode in healthy young adult binge drinkers.

AIMS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies report widespread cortical thinning in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), but did not consider potential effects of pro-atherogenic conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C seropositivity and hyperlipidemia on cortical thickness. The conditions are associated with regional cortical thinning in those without AUD. We

AIMS Treatment with saikosaponin A (SSA)-an ingredient of the medicinal herb, Bupleurum falcatum-has been reported to suppress several addictive-like behaviors, including morphine, cocaine, alcohol and chocolate self-administration in male rats. The aim of this investigation was to investigate whether saikosaponins of B. falcatum other than SSA affect alcohol and chocolate self-administration in rats

AIMS To describe a case study in the British market of one of the global beer-producing companies that has set a target to increase the proportion of its products with an alcohol by volume (ABV) of 3.5% or less, and to reduce the mean ABV of its beer products. METHODS Descriptive statistics and time-series analyses using Kantar Worldpanel's British household purchase data for 2015-2018. RESULTS As

AIM In view of the increase in the use of ethanol-containing hand sanitizers throughout the world due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we wished to review the possible risks to patients treated with disulfiram, following a case report in which an apparent DER (disulfiram-ethanol reaction) was attributed to the cutaneous absorption of alcohol from hand sanitizers as well as by inhalation of vapour

AIM To assess the impact of COVID-19-related lockdown in India on alcohol-dependent persons. METHOD We examined the change in the incidence of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome presenting to hospitals in the city of Bangalore. RESULTS A changepoint analysis of the time series data (between 01.01.20 to 11.04.20) showed an increase in the average number of cases from 4 to 8 per day (likelihood ratio

Abstract AimPrevious studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. MethodsData were collected from

Abstract AimPrevious studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. MethodsData were collected from

Abstract AimPrevious studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. MethodsData were collected from

Abstract AimPrevious studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. MethodsData were collected from

Abstract AimPrevious studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. MethodsData were collected from

AIMS The alcohol abstinence challenge 'Dry January' continues to grow, but there is a lack of knowledge of how Dry January participants compare to the general population. There is also a need to determine whether benefits experienced by Dry January participants are unique to that group or are also observed among other people. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study using online questionnaires

Abstract AimPrevious studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. MethodsData were collected from

AIM Previous studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. METHODS Data were collected from annual

AIMS Ethanol is a small molecule capable of interacting with numerous targets in the brain, the mechanisms of which are complex and still poorly understood. Studies have revealed that ethanol-induced hippocampal neuronal injury is associated with oxidative stress. Grape seed procyanidin (GSP) is a new type of antioxidant that is believed to scavenge free radicals and be anti-inflammatory. This study

Abstract AimPrevious studies on youth drinking showed opposite trends for high-income and low-income countries. In Russia, a recent decline was observed in the prevalence of alcohol use, particularly among younger cohorts. This study aims at disentangling age and birth cohort effects to better understand the dynamics of abstinence and the volume of alcohol consumption. MethodsData were collected from

AIMS To compare the performance of short- and long-term alcohol biomarkers for the evaluation of alcohol drinking in employment-related health controls. METHODS The 519 blood samples originated from 509 patients (80% men) presenting at occupational health units and medical centers at employment agencies for the evaluation of risky drinking. The laboratory investigation comprised the measurement of

AIMS The aim of this study is to assess risk factors for alcohol misuse among older New York City residents and examine the effect of local public health efforts to address alcohol misuse. METHODS The Community Health Survey, a cross-sectional telephone survey of 8500 randomly selected adult New Yorkers, records the frequency of alcohol use. We examine these results among 65 and older subjects by sociodemographic

BACKGROUND Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used, as 20-50% of those who drink alcohol report co-using cannabis. This study is based on the argument that alcohol researchers should enroll cannabis users in human laboratory studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD) to strengthen generalizability. This study examines how heavy drinking cannabis users differ from non-cannabis using heavy drinkers. METHODS

AIMS This study assessed the factor, concurrent and predictive validity of the revised Readiness to Change Questionnaire [Treatment Version] (RCQ[TV]) among non-treatment-seeking individuals. METHODS Non-treatment-seeking patients (Mage = 34.8, SD = 12.4) who screened positive for alcohol misuse were recruited from three urban Level I Trauma Centers and completed the RCQ[TV] (Heather et al. [(1999)

AIMS The UK government aims to develop alcohol care teams (ACTs) that provide care for alcohol dependence in general hospital settings. Service descriptors have been identified to support the development of ACTs. The aim of this study was to use Delphi panel principles to identify the clinical competencies required to provide these elements of service. METHODS We formed an expert consensus panel of

AIMS The objective of this paper was to examine 20-year trends of the socioeconomic status (SES) measures income and employment and their association with current alcohol use behaviors in Danish adults aged 60-70. METHODS Data from The Danish National Health Survey 2013 and the baseline assessment of the Elderly Study (2013-2016) were combined to form four groups from the general population with various

AIMS To investigate the effect of ethanol intake on the whole enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of bile acids (BAs) and, more importantly, on pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. METHODS The present study utilized a mouse model administered by gavage with 0 (control), 240 mg/100 g (30%, v/v) and 390 mg/100 g (50%, v/v) ethanol for 6 weeks, followed by BA profiles in the whole EHC (including liver, gallbladder

AIMS Recent research suggests that evaluative conditioning (EC) can change implicit evaluations of alcohol and reduce drinking behaviors among college students (Houben et al., 2010a). This research has been conceptually replicated in two previous studies. To date, however, no direct and independent replication of the original study has been performed. In this paper, we report a high-powered direct

AIMS To identify predictors of readmission to outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) with a view to identifying underlying mechanisms for preventing relapse. METHODS A consecutive clinical cohort of 2130 AUD outpatients treated between 1 January 2006 and 1 June 2016 was studied. Data were collected by means of the Addiction Severity Index upon treatment entry and at discharge. Outcome

I thank Dr Braillon for commenting on our recent paper ‘Open-label Study with Nalmefene as Needed Use in Alcohol-Dependent Patients with Evidence of Elevated Liver Stiffness and/or Hepatic Steatosis.’ Being specialized in internal medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology, I am daily confronted with the burden of alcohol-related diseases and our limitations in this field. The challenge to society is

The open-label study with nalmefene for as needed use in 45 alcohol-dependent patients deserves comment (Mueller et al., 2019). Regarding the safety issue in these patients with elevated liver stiffness and/or hepatic steatosis, in my opinion it is presumptuous in a series of only 45 patients with a 13% attrition rate to state that nalmefene “was generally well tolerated.”

AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and monitoring capabilities of a breathalyser-based eHealth system for patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to investigate the quality and validity of timeline follow-back (TLFB) as outcome measure in clinical trials and treatment. METHODS Patients (n = 115) were recruited to clinical trials from a 12-step aftercare programme (12S-ABS) and from hospital care with

AIM To determine the effectiveness of individual-based, nurse-delivered, on-campus screening and brief intervention (SBI) for hazardous alcohol use among college students. METHODS It was a parallel-design, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Out of 793 students screened, 130 met the selection criteria of hazardous alcohol use, defined by alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) score

AIM Glutamate has been considered as neurotransmitter that is critical in triggering relapse to drugs of abuse, including ethanol and cocaine. Extracellular glutamate concentrations are tightly regulated by several mechanisms, including reuptake through glutamate transporters. Glutamate transporter type 1 (GLT-1) is responsible for clearing the majority of extracellular glutamate. The astrocytic cystine/glutamate

AIMS Alcohol intake has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer. However, the dose-response analysis of different alcoholic beverages (spirits, wine and beer) is not clear. Our meta-analysis aims to provide a dose-response estimation between different alcohols and breast cancer risk. METHODS Search of PubMed and Web of Science and manual searches were conducted up to 1 December 2018, and summary

The authors of this book explore some of the theories of addiction, mainly psychiatric theories, finding none that explains all of the observed phenomena. The narrative assumes a familiarity with neuro-biology and psychopathology, signalling the central role expected for psychiatry and psychology in elucidating the nature of substance use disorder.

AIMS An integral part of the World Health Organization (WHO) plan to reduce suicide by 10% by 2020 is to identify areas and demographic groups, which should be priority target groups for preventive activities. This study aimed to present the demographic differences between victims of suicide by hanging in the Warsaw metropolitan area, in Poland, by examining the sobriety of victims. METHODS Data for

The worldwide exploration of perceptions of alcohol health warning labels (relating to heart disease, liver, cancer, calories and violence) amongst people who drink alcohol is welcome (Winstock et al., 2019). The study confirmed that labels, such as those about the risk of cancer, could promote reduction in drinking.

AIMS This paper aimed to explore perceptions of alcohol health warning labels amongst a large international sample of people who drink alcohol. METHODS The Global Drug Survey (GDS) is the world's largest annual cross sectional survey of drug use. Seven health warning labels were presented (relating to heart disease, liver, cancer, calories, violence, taking two days off and the myth of benefits to

AIMS To determinate if offspring of alcohol-dependent patients (OA) process affective stimuli and alcohol-related cues in a different manner than control subjects do. METHODS Event-related potentials (early posterior negativity [EPN]/ late positive potential [LPP]) and event-related oscillations (Theta) were obtained by electroencephalographic (EEG) recording during the viewing of International Affective

AIMS To quantify the relationship between alcohol and violence with increasing age. METHODS Data were from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health) of 20,386 people representative of the US population. Mean age at the first wave of interviews was 16.2 years, with subsequent interviews mean of 1, 6.3 and 12.9 years later. We used random-effects models and predictive

According to the ‘dual diagnosis’ concept, psychiatric and addictive disorders can occur simultaneously, making treatment and recovery challenging. Often comorbidity is linked to non-specific markers of severity, such as psychosis. In recent decades, psychosis has been increasingly understood as a continuum, with upwards of 7% of the general population reporting a psychotic experience (PE) at some

In the original article, there was an erroneous statement. According to the data shown in Table 6 (page 547), in page 546, under the heading “Differences according to cardiovascular disease burden” (lines 3 and 7), it should read “lower” instead of “higher”, as well as in line 14 of the “Abstract”, in the first line of the second paragraph, 1st column of page 548 and in the first line of the second

AIMS Alcohol abuse has attracted public attention and chronic alcohol exposure can result in irreversible structural changes in the brain. The molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol neurotoxicity are complex, mandating comprehensive mining of spatial protein expression profile. METHODS In this study, mice models of chronic alcohol intoxication were established after 95% alcohol vapor administration

AIM Chronic heavy alcohol intake frequently causes liver inflammation/injury, and altered mineral metabolism may be involved in this liver pathology. In this study, we evaluated the association of heavy drinking, changes in serum magnesium levels and biochemical evidence of liver injury in alcohol-use-disorder (AUD) patients who had no clinical signs or symptoms of liver injury. We also aimed to identify

AIM Reward sensitivity affects individuals' motivation to engage in goal-directed behavior. Other concepts, critical for reward appraisal, that potentially influence activity participation encompass delay discounting and anhedonia. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that anhedonia and delay discounting influence the relationship between reward sensitivity and activity engagement. METHODS

AIMS Human laboratory studies have contributed extensively in the research and development of novel medications to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol tolerance may represent one additional variable that can be utilized to expand the understanding of the AUD wide phenotypic profile and provide support to the medication development process. Tolerance is characterized as an individual's subjective

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of home-based contingency management (CM) in improving abstinence in an incentive-dependent manner among alcoholic individuals. METHODS A 12-week, home-visit (HV) only controlled, randomized incentive-ranging trial of 161 adults with current alcohol dependence was recruited using social network theory techniques. Participants randomly received HV, low- (CM-L) or higher-magnitude

AimsTo investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among alcohol users. MethodsA systematic search of articles in the PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases was conducted. The methodological quality of each study was scored, and a meta-analysis was performed taking into account the heterogeneity expected among the studies. Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s and Egger’s

Alcohol sponsorship in esports is on the rise. Many esports athletes and viewers are children and young people. Alcohol sponsorship of esports places millions of children and young people at risk of alcohol-related harm. Action on alcohol sponsorship in esports may provide policy makers an opportunity for greater restrictions on all alcohol sports sponsorship.

AimsThis study aimed to examine the feasibility of a web-based questionnaire when collecting information on alcohol consumption in pregnancy to identify women with risk drinking behaviour, and to describe factors associated with risk drinking behaviour, and the use of specialized care for prenatal risk drinking. MethodsIn 2413 women referred to antenatal care at Odense University Hospital, Denmark

AimsCommunity Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT) is a support program for concerned significant others (CSOs) to identified persons (IPs) with alcohol use disorders, with the purpose of engaging IPs to treatment and to improve CSO functioning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of an internet-based version of CRAFT (iCRAFT). MethodsRandomized controlled

AimsPlatelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes liver collagen deposition, acting on hepatic stellate cells. Despite this, low serum PDGF levels were reported in chronic hepatitis C or B infection, although some studies yield the opposite result. Since PDGF may be related not only to fibrosis but also with vascular, neuronal or muscle disease, it is important to analyze its behavior in alcoholics

AimHigh-intensity binge drinking (HIBD), defined as two or more times the gender-specific binge threshold, is rapidly increasing in the USA; however, the underlying contributing factors are poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and HIBD. MethodsTwo independent, cross-sectional samples were analysed: (a) past 12-month drinkers in the National

AimsTo identify and group hospitalization trajectory of alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients and its associations with service utilization, healthcare quality and hospital-level variations. MethodsInpatients with AUD as the primary diagnosis from 2012 to 2014 in Beijing, China, were identified. Their discharge medical records were extracted and analyzed using the sequence analysis and the cluster analysis

AimsInvestigation of the relationship between self-esteem and alcohol use among college students has yielded discrepant results. We hypothesized that these discrepancies could originate from a potential heterogeneity of self-esteem patterns among young adult with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). MethodsA community sample of 343 college students was recruited and categorized with or without AUD using

AIMS To examine the continuing role of daily popular social media use in youth hazardous alcohol consumption in four countries across continents. METHODS A web-based survey was given to youths aged 15-25 in the USA (n = 1212), South Korea (n = 1192), Finland (n = 1200) and Spain (n = 1212). Hazardous alcohol use (alcohol use disorders identification test-C) was the dependent variable. Main independent