Unlike other tissue types, the nervous tissue extends to a wide and complex environment that provides a plurality of different biochemical and topological stimuli, which in turn defines the advanced functions of that tissue. As a consequence of such complexity, the traditional transplantation therapeutic methods are quite ineffective; therefore, the restoration of peripheral and central nervous system

Developing tunable biomaterials that have the capacity to recreate the physical and biochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrices (ECMs) with spatial fidelity is important for a variety of biomedical, biological, and clinical applications. Several factors have made the ECM protein, collagen I, an attractive biomaterial, including its ease of isolation, low antigenicity and toxicity,

Free-form printing offers a novel biofabrication approach to generate complex shapes by depositing hydrogel materials within a temporary supportive environment. However, printed hydrogels typically lack the requisite mechanical properties and functionality of the desired tissue, limiting application and, more importantly, safety and efficacy of the implant. The study authors have developed an innovative