Parasitic infestations on cultured fish due to the crustacean isopod Alitropus typus has been on the rise in recent years, causing large scale mortality, leading to significant economic loss to the farmer. Crustaceans are encased by an exoskeleton composed of chitin, protein and lipid microfibril frameworks, in which calcium carbonate is deposited. A strategy focused on the degradation of the exoskeletal

qPCR is being used for the quantification of parasite load in different tissues of dogs infected by Leishmania infantum with or without clinical manifestations. It may be employed in the diagnosis, monitoring of the infection during treatment, and clinical studies for validation of vaccines. Aimed at enhancing the molecular diagnosis and the subsequent monitoring of the infection, this study evaluated

The resistance of Haemonchus contortus to synthetic anthelmintics is of increasing concern; and different strategies are being evaluated to improve parasite control. The present study investigated the in vitro effects of combinations of synthetic compounds and monoterpenes. Additionally, the chemical association of the best combinations and their impact on the ultrastructural and biophysical properties

Haemaphysalis longicornis is distributed worldwide and transmits a variety of pathogens, causing human and animal disease. Use of chemical acaricides, as a primary tick control method, has several disadvantages, including acaricide resistance, environmental damage and residue accumulation in livestock. Development of a livestock vaccination aimed at a tick protective antigen could be an effective,

Necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis are the most economically detrimental enteric diseases of broiler chickens. This study aimed to investigate the association of DNA load of Clostridium perfringens, netB, and five Eimeria species (E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. acervulina and E. tenella) in poultry house dust and pooled excreta with flock productive performance. The dust and pooled excreta

Cyathostomins are pervasive parasites of equids across the world. Larval stages encyst in the mucosa of the cecum, ventral and dorsal colon and can induce an inflammatory response leading to larval cyathostominosis, a life-threatening generalized typhlocolitis. Mucosal digestion is the only gold standard procedure for identifying and quantifying all larval stages. There is a lack of standardization

A vaccine containing doses ranging from 2 µg to 50 µg of integral membrane proteins from Haemonchus contortus intestinal cells (H11 and H-gal-GP complex) has been shown to be effective for lambs. A vaccine for H. contortus was tested in two-month old grazing Corriedale lambs during an eight-month trial on the outskirts of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The animals were kept in a single paddock and

Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. The present review summarizes worldwide information on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections, epidemiology, diagnosis, and genetic diversity of T. gondii in wild canids and other carnivores for the past decade. Seroprevalence estimates of T. gondii worldwide were tabulated for each host. Seroprevalence in wild

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of death receptor adapter proteins, namely, TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) and Fas-associated death domain (FADD) proteins, on Eimeria tenella-induced host cell apoptosis. Gene silencing, culture technique for primary chick embryo cecal epithelial cells, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Hoechst–Annexin V/PI apoptosis staining, fluorescence

To examine the Toxocara cati larval migration in mouse fetuses through vertical transmission, 7 pregnant mice were orally inoculated with 5000 embryonated eggs at day 4 and again with the same dose at day 9 of gestation (total 10,000 eggs / mouse). Seven non-pregnant mice of the same age were also inoculated likewise. All mice were necropsied 12 days after the first inoculation with eggs. The carcass

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe zoonosis, caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This helminth infection is of increasing public health and socio-economic concern due to the considerable morbidity rates that cause economic losses both in the public health sector and in the livestock industry. Control programmes against E. granulosus are considered long-term actions

Cystic echinococcosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. In intermediary hosts, two types of echinococcal cysts can be found: fertile, which produce protoscoleces, the infective form of the parasite to dogs; and infertile, that do not present protoscoleces and therefore are not able to continue with the parasite life cycle. The adventitial layer

Trypanosoma evansi is the agent of "surra," a trypanosomosis endemic in many areas worldwide. Trypanosoma proteins released/secreted during infection are attractive biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), we performed a comprehensive analysis of the serum proteome of mice infected with T.evansi and detected changes in the abundance

The current study investigated the synergistic effect of combinations containing deltamethrin (D), Eucalyptus essential oil (E), and the thyme essential oil component thymol (T), against a field population of Rhipicephalus annulatus in Egypt that was characterized to be resistant to D. Solutions of T, E, or TE at concentrations of 1.25–5% were combined with 5% deltamethrin at different dilutions (0

Fasciolosis is a foodborne zoonotic disease that affects grazing animals and causes substantial economic losses worldwide. Excretory/secretory (E/S) products and cathepsin L mimotopes from Fasciola hepatica were used to immunise experimentally infected sheep against liver flukes. The level of protection was measured in terms of fluke burden, morphometric measurements and faecal egg counts, as well

Studies conducted to support registration or approval of veterinary anthelmintics generally follow study design recommendations provided by the VICH (International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products), “Efficacy of Anthelmintics: General Requirements” (VICH GL7). For dose confirmation studies, VICH GL7 provides recommendations for

Canine babesiosis, a tick-borne haemoprotozoan disease of dogs, is of significance globally due to its rapid spread. A precise confirmatory diagnosis is required to curtail the rapid spread of infection. Our study described the evaluation of recombinant BgSA3 protein based indirect ELISA for sero-diagnosis and sero-surveillance of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. A partial BgSA3 gene segment (1921

Antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests are widely used for the diagnosis of heartworm infection in dogs. While commercially-available heartworm antigen tests have high sensitivity and specificity, false-negative test results can occur in dogs with low worm burdens, female-only infections, or prior to patency. The use of immune complex dissociation (ICD) methods have demonstrated increased

This is a review of the development of bumped-kinase inhibitors (BKIs) for the therapy of One Health parasitic apicomplexan diseases. Many apicomplexan infections are shared between humans and livestock, such as cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis, as well as livestock only diseases such as neosporosis. We have demonstrated proof-of-concept for BKI therapy in livestock models of cryptosporidiosis (newborn

The analysis of the immune gene expression was performed in Zebu × Holstein calves with resistant and susceptible phenotypes naturally infected with Cooperia punctata. Fourteen calves of 4 months old were grazed for 11 weeks under a tropical climate. The parasitic infection showed an average epg value of 1055 ± 1155 and an IgG optical density of 0.814 ± 0.0.037 with statistic differences among the

The Trichinella genus poses an interesting puzzle for researchers, having diverged very early in the evolution of the nematodes. The Trichinella spiralis proteome is a cosmopolitan and well-studied model of Trichinella; however, Trichinella britovi also circulates in the sylvatic environment and both species infect humans, resulting in the development of trichinellosis. Few experiments have examined

Fasciola hepatica (the liver fluke) is a common, global parasite of livestock. It can be highly pathogenic and has health and welfare implications for infected individuals. Typically, in ruminants, infections are sub-clinical, but if undiagnosed, they can lead to significant production losses. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to identify infection. Antibody detection ELISAs are commonly used to diagnose

The treatment effect of ethanamizuril (EZL) to broiler chickens experimentally infected with 8 × 104 Eimeria tenella was evaluated. On the third day after infection, the broiler chickens were treated with EZL by gavage at doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg body weight (bw) for once. For double administration, the challenged broiler chickens were administered EZL at doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg bw by gavage

Parabronemosis is a disease that severely threatens camel health, causing huge economic losses to industries involved in camel husbandry. Previous studies have reported that horn flies (Haematobia irritans) act as intermediate hosts of Parabronema skrjabini; however, the infection and developmental processes of P. skrjabini in horn flies remain unclear. In the present study, the infection rates of

Parasitic diseases caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are responsible for a major impact on ruminant welfare. Although the available anthelmintics have a safe margin of toxicity to the animals, their indiscriminate use has increased the selection of resistant parasite populations. In this scenario, essential oils (EO) stand out as a promising ecofriendly therapeutic alternative against GIN

Neospora infections due to Neospora caninum and N. hughesi are prevalent among equids of the world. The disease may affect reproductive and neurological consequences. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the global Neospora seroprevalence among horses and donkeys. A number of 57 out of 1575 total retrieved studies were included by searching the PubMed, Scopus, Science

The poultry red mite (PRM) Dermanyssus gallinae, the most common ectoparasite affecting laying hens worldwide, is difficult to control. During the period between consecutive laying cycles, when no hens are present in the layer house, the PRM population can be reduced drastically. Heating a layer house to temperatures above 45 °C for several days in order to kill PRM has been applied in Europe. The

Rodents comprise a major component of cat (Felis catus) diets in many ecosystems, and life cycle diagrams of Toxoplasma gondii typically depict small rodents as quintessential intermediate hosts. Counter-intuitively, small rodents often experience a lower T. gondii seroprevalence than do larger sympatric mammals. This observation has repeatedly caused confusion about the relative importance of small

Trichinella s is considered as one of the most widespread food-borne zoonotic parasites globally. The disease it causes impacts human public health, swine livestock, and food safety. Unfortunately in the Philippines, there is still insufficient research on the presence of Trichinella among livestock. This study aims to update its status and records in the country, by verifying the presence of Trichinella

The objective was to examine the effects of supplementary quebracho on control of coccidiosis and gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and kids. In Exp. 1, naturally infected lambs weaned (87.8 ± 0.4 days of age; day 0) in January (winter) were blocked by sex and randomly assigned (n = 10/treatment) to receive supplement with or without 100 g/lamb of quebracho for 28 days. In Exp. 2, single or twin

Balantioides coli is a ciliated parasite that can cause diarrhea when inhabiting the colon and cecum of pigs and humans. However, information regarding the changes in structure and composition of the gut microbiome in piglets infected with B. coli remains scarce. In this study, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted on fecal samples from both B. coli-positive piglets with diarrhea and B. coli-negative

The European badger, Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae) is a widespread opportunistic omnivorous mammal. Its food spectrum comprises a wide variety of plants and small animals, occasionally including rodents, such as mice or rats. Considering that rodents are known to play a key role in the life cycle of Trichinella spp., the aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of these parasites

East Coast fever (ECF) is an often fatal, economically important cattle disease that predominantly affects eastern, central, and southern Africa. ECF is controlled through vaccination by means of simultaneous injection of oxytetracycline and cryogenically preserved stabilate containing live, disease-causing parasites. Storage and transportation of the stabilate requires liquid nitrogen, a commodity

The metabolism of Trichinella spp. is primarily anoxybiotic in nature. Their main energy source is glycogen, which is stored in the stichocites at the muscular stage of the larval development. When subject to tow temperatures the Trichinella larvae consume glycogen and neutral fats to provide for basal metabolism until the energy supplies reach the critical level. The present study establishes the

Ectoparasites and livestock-associated insects are a major concern throughout the world because of their economic and welfare impacts. Effective control is challenging and relies mainly on the use of chemical insecticides and acaricides. Wolbachia, an arthropod and nematode-infecting, maternally-transmitted endosymbiont is currently of widespread interest for use in novel strategies for the control

Suppression and modulation of the host immune response to parasitic nematodes have been extensively studied. In the present study, we cloned and produced recombinant electron transfer flavoprotein α subunit (ETFα) protein from Haemonchus contortus (rHCETFα), a parasitic nematode of small ruminants, and studied the effect of this protein on modulating the immune response of goat peripheral blood mononuclear

Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections can negatively impact livestock health and reduce productivity, and some species and genotypes infecting livestock have zoonotic potential. Infection occurs via the faecal-oral route. Waterborne infections are a recognised source of infection for humans, but the role of livestock drinking water as a source of infection in livestock has not been described. This

The northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum, is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite of domestic and wild birds, and it is an economic pest of laying hen in North America, China, India, Australia, Myanmar, and Brazil. Such an economically important pest remains neglected in many parts of the world, including Asian countries. Therefore, concerted action is required in both basic and applied

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute-phase protein (APP) response in three groups of pigs experimentally infected with a moderate infective dose, i.e. 1000 muscle larvae (ML) of Trichinella spiralis, 3000 ML of Trichinella britovi, and 2000 ML of Trichinella pseudospiralis. Over a 62-day period of infection, we examined the serum level and kinetics of the haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive

Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. T. gondii causes mortality in several species of marine mammals, including threatened Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi). Marine mammals are now considered sentinels for environmental exposure to protozoan agents contaminating marine waters, including T. gondii oocysts

Proanthocyanidin (PAC, condensed tannin) containing forages have well-documented anti-parasitic effects against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of small ruminants. Although extensive research has been conducted on the inhibition of exsheathment of the L3 stage of Haemonchus contortus by in vitro exposure to the extracts of PAC containing plants, only one study has previously attempted to replicate

Haemonchus contortus is the most important gastrointestinal nematode in the tropics and subtropics causing huge economic losses to the small ruminant industry. Vaccination is potentially a sustainable approach to control this parasite and the performance of Barbervax® a vaccine containing integral membrane glycoproteins from H. contortus intestinal cells, was evaluated in naturally infected grazing

This study was conducted to investigate potential interactions between the abomasal blood feeder Haemonchus contortus and the intestinal mucosal browser Trichostrongylus colubriformis among deliberately infected Boer goats. Faecal and blood samples were collected twice a week for eight weeks from 25 parasite-naïve goats. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models were conducted to explore

Surface proteins bound to the cell membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors are considered essential for the survival of pathogenic protozoans. In the case of the tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia bovis, the most virulent causative agent of bovine babesiosis, the GPI-anchored proteome was recently unraveled by an in silico approach. In this work, one of the identified proteins, GASA-1

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease has a worldwide distribution and is considered an important zoonosis in Chile, especially in regions where raising livestock dominates. We aimed to describe the spatial distribution and risk factors for CE in cattle and sheep slaughtered in the Aysén Region, Chile between 2015 and

Characterized as the most important gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) in the world, Haemonchus contortus is also the most predominant and pathogenic genus in Uruguay, causing high morbidity and mortality rates in sheep flocks. For approximately 26 years resistance to GIP has been included in the National Genetic Evaluation (NGE) of Corriedale and Merino breeds, using Faecal Egg Count (FEC) as the selection