The present study aimed to report the circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure (IOP) in clinically normal donkeys. A prospective study was conducted on 30 adult donkeys. Measurement of the IOP was made at 2-hr interval starting at 6:00 hr till the next day at 4:00 using applanation tonometry. Measurements were recorded for both eyes and compared for male and female differences. The overall mean (±

We measured the induction and recovery time of anaesthetised olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus with two concentrations of clove oil (25 and 50 μL/L), under the fluorescent lamp or green-wavelength light. In addition, we investigated their effects on the circadian rhythm after recovery from anaesthesia. We found that with the increase in anaesthesia concentration, induction time decreases and recovery

Natural phenomena act as external cues that stimulate the reproductive activity of many marine organisms. In this study, we report the gonadal maturation in relation to the lunar cycle of wild-caught Atlantic sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata (Echinodermata: Arbaciidae, an edible marine invertebrate), in the Gulf of Mexico. Weekly changes in gonadal development were observed histologically according to

The main objective of this investigation was to delineate spatiotemporal patterns in annual production of seven species of fishes inhabiting the famous Chilika lagoon. The data were collected from 19 landing centers located across four different geographical sectors of the lagoon over a period of two consecutive years. Using Cosinor rhythmometry, statistically significant circannual rhythms of production

Some substances used in aquaculture may be toxic to fish depending on their concentration. Here, we investigated the changes in circadian rhythm in olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to total residual oxidant (TRO), a substance produced by the reaction of O3 with Br− ions, at two different concentrations (20 and 40 μg/L) for different periods (2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 30, and 42 h) to identify

Thirty four lambs and twenty multiparous Morada Nova ewes with 3 ± 1.2 years of age were evaluated in a semi-extensive system for assessments of their suckling activities when they were 10-40 days old. The body mass (kg) and biometric measurements were also assessed at each 15 days from birth to 90 days of age. From 15 to 90 days of age, single lambs had superior (P < 0.05) body mass than those twins

The Facebook Messenger (FBM) is one of the most popular instant messaging social apps, launched by Facebook in 2010. As of October 2019, there were about 1.3 billion FBM users worldwide. In this study, we analyzed periodicities in the online activity patterns of users in FBM. We did not recruit any subjects in this study; rather four of us used our own FBM accounts to reveal the presence of any rhythms

This study deals with the impact of zinc on the locomotor activity rhythm of two terrestrial isopods Armadillo officinalis and Chetophiloscia elongata. Specimens are collected from the banks of Ghar El Melh lagoon. The locomotor rhythm of untreated and treated individuals with zinc is studied in the laboratory under constant darkness for 10 days. Results showed that untreated individuals of A. officinalis

Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) causes alteration in the redox status and membrane-bound transporters. Melatonin has pleiotropic effects on normal physiology and acts as a potential antioxidant. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ALAN-induced alterations in the membrane transporters, oxidative stress biomarkers and to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin supplementation prior

The effects of cold-dry (harmattan) and hot-dry seasons on the circadian rhythms of colonic (CT) and body surface (BST) temperatures in 20 adult male Rouen ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were investigated under natural light/day cycles in tropical conditions. Air temperature (AT), relative humidity, CT and BST were recorded bihourly for a period of 72 h during both hot-dry and harmattan seasons

Effects of different photoperiods (9L-15D, 12L-12D and 15L-9D at a constant temperature 25 ± 1°C) and simulated temperatures (15°C, 25°C and 35°C under a common photoperiod 12L-12D) were investigated on the circadian rhythms of plasma levels of thyroid hormones [thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)] and pineal arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) activity in the fish, Clarias gariepinus during

The physiological and physical changes in pregnancy affect the sleep–wake cycle. Limited data exist to evaluate the effect of sleep quality and chronotype during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is hypothesized that there could be a tendency for the evening chronotype and sleep disturbances to lead to the development of preeclampsia and preterm birth. A total of 313 pregnant women were included

Effects of different regimes of photoperiod (12L–12D, 16L–8D, 8L–16D, LL and DD) were studied on the circadian rhythm of expression of core clock genes (clock, bmal1, per1, per2, per3, cry1 and cry2) in the photosensitive pineal organ of air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus during summer and winter seasons under both in vivo and in vitro conditions using qPCR. Our findings indicate that all major

The circadian clock is a rhythmic oscillator driving various physiological and behavioral processes that adapt to daily environmental changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation. Although recent work has demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in development and disease, their function in the adult circadian locomotor

This paper examined the psychometric properties of the French version of the Children’s Chronotype Questionnaire (CCTQ) attending two elementary schools in Luxembourg (n = 172; ages 4–11 years, M = 8.0, SD = 2.1) of either Portuguese (n = 11), Luxembourgian (n = 147), or other (n = 15) ethnicity. Parents completed the CCTQ, from which we used two chronotype scales (i.e. midsleep point on free days;

Investigations have demonstrated that circadian rhythm can affect animal curiosity, also a significant correlation has been reported between curiosity and addiction. So the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of circadian fluctuation in curiosity on addiction. For this purpose, we used the open field (OF) test and conditioned place preference (CPP) biased paradigm. In the OF we evaluated animals

The susceptibility of larval stages of Schistosoma nasale, S. spindale, S. indicum, amphistomes, echinostomes, etc., in Indoplanorbis exustus, the snail intermediate host, depends on their age, body weight and other limnological properties. So, a good number of healthy sexually mature I. exustus snails were collected randomly from different water sources of Assam and released in previously prepared

Given the increasing role of circadian rhythm disruption in health and disease, animal models are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms and effects involved. Social jetlag is a mild form of chronic circadian rhythm disruption that involves a misalignment between one’s internal time and their external schedule. Using phase advances and delays that are characteristic of a typical working week with sleep

Freshly collected individuals of Hemilepistus reaumurii from the marginal zone of a salt lake in Bchachma (Middle of Tunisia) were seasonally housed in a controlled environment cabinet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex on the locomotor activity rhythm of this species. Locomotor activity rhythm of males and females of this species was recorded during each season under light-dark

Our previous study indicated that Clock gene could affect the thrombotic potential. In this present study, we examined the differential expression of proteins in Clock knockdown mice’s plasma, including α1-antitrypsin as a potential target. The proteins were examined in AML12 cells with Clock gene being knocked down to confirm the differential expressions. RNAs of those cells were extracted every 3

‘Ramadan’ is observed by the Muslims around the world, out of their religious belief, as a period when they fast all day and break fasting only after sun set. The Ramadan fasting, which can be viewed as alternate fasting owing to the nature of food intake during this time, stretches for 28 days. The food intake prior to sun rise is known as ‘sahour’ and that after sunset is called ‘iftar’. In view

Cortisol hormone shows distinct circadian rhythmicity in humans and animals. In this study, preliminary cortisol assessments were conducted using wool samples from ewes (nine ewes) exploiting both RIA and ELISA assays. Afterwards, eighteen high production (milk = 38 ± 1.5 kg d−1) lactating Holstein cows (2nd parity) and 12 growing heifers (10–12 mo of age, BW = 200 ± 35 kg) were employed in this experiment

The circadian rhythm is constituted by genes/proteins, such as Cryptochrome (Cry). Medications including general anesthetics can alter these genes/proteins thus toxicity occurs. We claim that activation of Cry may contribute to the reduction of anesthetic-induced oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of combination therapy of Cry activator, KL001 with isoflurane was investigated. Twenty-four

The experiment was carried out to investigate the changes in physiological parameters and blood flow during different seasons (winter, thermo-neutral and summer) in Sahiwal (SW), Tharparkar (TP), Gir (GR) and Karan Fries (KF) dairy cows. Four healthy lactating cows from each breed were selected from a herd of Livestock Research Center, NDRI, Karnal. All animals were fed as per the ICAR (2013) feeding

Theileriosis, an important tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease that can reduce production and productivity, results in severe economic loss in goat industry. Due to lack of facilities and interest of the researchers the sub-clinical form of theileriosis caused by Theileria luwenshuni was under diagnosed in Assam, India. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of theileriosis in

Present experiment was conducted to examine whether the supplementation of different organic sources of Cr (Chromium) would improve the performance of heat-stressed calves. Twenty-four female Hariana calves were divided into four treatments (six calves per treatment): (1) calves fed on basal diet (0 mg Cr/kg DM); (2) calves fed on basal diet supplemented with 1.0 mg Cr/kg DM as Cr-picolinate (Cr-Pic);

In this study, effect high-energy diet with supplemented with copper and zinc on oxidative stress, leukocyte function and reproductive performance during the transition period in the crossbred cow under tropical settings. Advanced pregnant crossbred cows of two to four parity and lactation yield of >10 L/day were divided into three equal groups (n = 10 cow/group). Group I cows were fed basal diet to

Animal husbandry serves as a source of provision of high-quality animal protein to the entire world population. Farm animals are exposed to different types of stressors at various stages of their life cycle. The climate change phenomenon also imposes additional stress on the animals due to extreme temperature (heat and cold) and unavailability of feed, etc. Such stress stimuli induce the release of

Ten northeast Brazilian donkeys were used to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables on their physiological responses in tropical conditions. Physiological data included respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cortisol concentrations. The environment was characterized

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of isonitrogenous diets varying in concentrate-to-forage ratio on enteric methane (CH4) emission, nutrient utilization and growth performance in crossbred goat kids. Fifteen Alpine and Beetal crossbred (AxB) kids (3–4 months age) were divided into three groups based on average body weight and treatments were assigned to the three groups randomly

Hatchability is the most important elements for producing more ducks. Hatchability is an indicator used to determine the economic value for any commercial hatchery. Optimal conditions during the incubation process may be defined as those leading to maximum hatchability of healthy ducklings. One of the main factors in the success of the duck hatching process is to adjust the appropriate temperature

The age at first calving (AFC) has a huge impact on profitability in the dairy industry. It can be used as an indicator of fertility and productivity and it is also considered as an essential factor to ascertain the overall production performance of the animal. There are large variations in AFC in herd to herd, breed to breed and also country to country. This may be due to various factors that affect

The present study surveyed that the prevalence of subclinical and clinical ketosis in cattle was assessed in and around Bikaner; a total of 200 cows after parturition were examined. The overall prevalence of clinical ketosis amongst post-parturient cows was 11.50%, while 23.50% for subclinical ketosis. Prevalence of clinical and subclinical ketosis in cows with relation to breed was the highest in

This study aimed to evaluate morphological, bromatological, in vitro gas production and yield of forage watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) genotypes in semi-arid condition. Seven genotypes were evaluated were BGCIA 228, BGCIA 239, Jojoba, BGCIA 228 x BGCIA239, BGCIA 228 x BGCIA Jojoba, BGCIA 239 x Jojoba and BGCIA 991. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with three replicates

The present study reports the prevalence of ecto- and endo-parasites in small wild ruminants from various NE region of India. A total of 565 wild small ruminants in captivity were examined between April 2018 to March 2019 without causing harm to them. Faecal samples were examined microscopically for detection of different Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. Animals were also inspected visually for any

ABSTRACT An epidemiological study was conducted for investigation of bovine coronavirus by antigen Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in dairy calves from Central India (Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states) and North India (Uttar Pradesh state). Different epidemiological parameters like age, parity, colour and consistency of faecal materials and seasonal changes in a year were recorded. A total

Extreme environmental conditions along with calving-associated stress negatively impact the immunity and metabolic functions of the animal. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of both seasons and transition period on the inflammatory response and metabolic status of 12 periparturient Sahiwal cows, 6 each in the winter (THI= 59.7, comfortable zone) and summer (THI= 81.5, severe

The present study was conducted to assess the relation between different production and reproduction traits in Sahiwal cattle. Data up to sixth parity related to different production and reproduction traits of Sahiwal cattle maintained at an organized herd of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal spread over a span of 29 years (1988–2016) were utilized. Various production and reproduction

Tropical ewes of the Morada Nova breed were used to evaluate concordance on the effects of body condition score (BCS) and age classification using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) as the classification method. The dependent variables in this study were: physiological responses, thyroid hormones, hematological and biochemical parameters. The hypothesis of this study was that the effect of BCS and

Porcine teschoviruses (PTVs) belong to the genus Teschovirus within the family Picornaviridae had 13 serotypes linked with a variety of clinical diseases. The objective of the present study was to detect the epidemiological data’s of PTV in Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. Different epidemiological parameters such as age, sex and seasonal changes from February 2015 to February 2016 were

Aims: To understand the circadian variation in cognition over the course of the day in sleep-disturbed (SD) participants and to compare the findings with healthy controls. Methods: Subjects were screened using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and a total of 24 participants (12 SD and 12 controls) were recruited for the study. P300 was recorded five times a day (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m., 5 p.m

In humans, there is a daily rhythm in blood pressure and is one of the known risk factors for different types of cardiovascular diseases. Sleep quality is an important clinical construct. Daytime sleepiness is common sleep related clinical problem, suggesting a serious underlying physiological anomaly. Most of the studies have been done in reference to colorectal/rectal cancer however, limited knowledge

In dairy cattle, even though both bulls and cows contribute to reproductive efficiency, the bull fertility has been given very less consideration as compared to females. Direct selection for the bull fertility traits is not effective due to its lower heritability. The present study was carried out with the objective of identifying genetic markers associated with bull fertility in PROP1 gene. The coding

The transition period (3 weeks before to 3 weeks after parturition) is a pivotal time in the life of a dairy cow when they face tremendous metabolic and physiologic changes. It is of importance to notice the dynamic changes in metabolites and lipid profile of indigenous parturient Sahiwal cows for rational managemental intervention during the periparturient period. Remarkable alterations in serum metabolites

The seasonal occurrence of Coxiella burnetii infection in the slaughtered buffaloes was determined. A total of 424 samples were collected from 212 buffaloes in winter [serum (n = 105) and uterine tissue (n = 105)] and summer [serum (n = 107) and uterine tissue (n = 107)]. The serum and uterine tissue samples were analysed for the detection of C. burnetii using trans-PCR (IS1111 gene) assay, while the

In spite of increase in milk production, dairy farmers suffer huge economic losses due to mastitis even in very well organized and modern farms. It has been observed that with the increase in the ability of milk production, dairy animals become more susceptible to mastitis. One of the most common causes of mastitis is infection of the mammary gland caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and

The present review is an attempt to appraise the status of backyard poultry farming in India and its impact on socioeconomic and nutritional status of rural people, scientific skill development, women’s empowerment and need of improved chicken varieties for backyard poultry farming. Backyard poultry farming is mostly popular in rural and resource-poor areas of India and provides rural families with

Olive pulp (OP) has been found to be a highly nutritious, low-cost feeding source and potential alternative feed ingredients in poultry nutrition. Gamma irradiation (GI) can be used to breakdown the lignocellulose and hemicellulose contents of OP in order to reduce its high fiber content. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GI (20 kGy) on nutrient composition, digestibility, fatty acids (FA)

This study investigates the relationships between the pituitary-adrenal axis and the ovarian activity in the cyclic goat reared under arid environment. Plasma hormone levels are assessed on blood samples collected weekly at 9:00 a.m., during one year. The ovarian activity is characterized by an anestrous period from mid-March to mid-July and a breeding period during the rest of the year. Adrenal histomorphometry

Biological experiment was carried out with 240 chicks to study the effect of polyphenols on heat stress (HS) alleviation under different cereal sources in 2 × 3 factorial study. Six experimental groups consisted of two cereal groups (conventional and alternate cereals). Conventional has corn as sole cereal source, whereas in alternate group broken rice and sorghum were used. Each category was supplemented

The photoperiod regulates the growth and development of many animals. We conducted experiments and studied the effect of the photoperiod on the growth and development of the larvae and young of two amphibian species Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis. We studied photoperiods: constant absence of light – 0 h light/24 h darkness (0L/24D), 8 h light/16 h darkness (8L/16D), 12 h light/12 h darkness (12L/12D)

We investigated effects of apterous mutation ap56f on circadian locomotor activity, eclosion rhythms, and transcript levels of period and timeless in Drosophila. We investigated circadian locomotor activity and eclosion rhythms in ap 56fand wild-type flies, their F1 and F2 offspring, and wingless vestigial mutants and show that ap 56f disrupts circadian locomotor rhythms in a genetically recessive

Background: There is barely any evidence of antipsychotic drugs affecting the molecular clockwork in human, yet it is suggested that clock genes are associated with dopaminergic transmission, i.e. the main target of this therapeutics. We decided to verify if haloperidol and olanzapine affect expression of CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1 and CRY1 in a human central nervous system cell line model. Methods: U-87MG

Significant circadian variations exist in the frequency of cardiac arrhythmia, but few studies have examined the relation between cardiac ion channels genes and biological clocks. We investigated this relation using suprachiasmatic nuclei lesion (SCNX) and pharmacological autonomic nervous system block (ANSB) mice. Significant 24-h variations were observed in the expression of clock genes Per2, Bmal1

Bright light in the blue-green range, administered in the early morning hours (prior to waking) may be particularly effective in shifting circadian rhythms and may increase gonadotropin production. Accordingly, we tested the feasibility and utility of a mask that emits bright blue/green light (compared to a similar mask that emitted a dim red light) towards the end of sleep in a randomized, placebo-controlled

Examples of hormonal phase-shifting of circadian gene expression began to emerge a few years ago. Vitamin A fulfills a hormonal function by binding of retinoic acid to its nuclear receptors, RARs and RXRs. We found retinoid- as well as clock-responsive sites on regulatory regions of Glutathione reductase (GR) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes. Interestingly, we observed retinoid receptors, as

Sleep deprivation has a complex set of neurological effects that go beyond a mere slowing of mental processes. While cognitive and perceptual impairments in sleep deprived individuals are widespread, some abilities remain intact. In an effort to characterize these effects, some have suggested an impairment of complex decision making ability despite intact ability to follow simple rules. To examine

This article reviews various procedures used in the analysis of circadian rhythms at the populational, organismal, cellular and molecular levels. The procedures range from visual inspection of time plots and actograms to several mathematical methods of time series analysis. Computational steps are described in some detail, and additional bibliographic resources and computer programs are listed.

Periodogram analysis of unequally spaced time-series, as part of many biological rhythm investigations, is complicated. The mathematical framework is scattered over the literature, and the interpretation of results is often debatable. In this paper, we show that the Lomb-Scargle method is the appropriate tool for periodogram analysis of unequally spaced data. A unique procedure of multiple period searching

With respect to the first example in Schimmel (2001), Van Dongen et al. (2001) conclude from their Lomb-Scargle analysis that the noise I used 'contains new periodicities that are added to the signal (these periodicities by themselves resemble a harmonic series of a 38-hour rhythm).' They infer that 'the variance of the added noise is about five times as large as the variance of the signal' causing