Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes granulomatous intestinal disease in animals (Johne’s diseases). MAP has also been associated with several autoimmune disorders. In this study, we screened serum samples from confirmed patients of thyroid and type 1 diabetes for the presence of antibody against MAP. We used newly developed 'cocktail ELISA' (based on recombinant secretary proteins)

Recurrent surge in demand of multipurpose peppers have positively encouraged pepper breeding community to study diverse aspects of pepper genetics, physiology, breeding and biotic stresses, however research on application of anther culture in pepper is still limited. Current study was aimed to assess the in vitro androgenic response of two prominent Bulgarian pepper varieties in five different duration

Urease producing bacteria have been reported from various ecosystems including soil, water and host organisms such as humans and animals. This research describes the isolation and identification of ureolytic bacteria from calcium rich marine sediments of southern India. The potential strain was designated as UR1 and identified using polyphasic taxonomy. The results show that the strain belongs to the

The medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis collected from Himalayan region of India was found to have bioactive compounds. The mycelia free culture filtrate obtained from fermentation of Cordyceps mycelia were partially purified by solvent-solvent extractions. The subsequent fractions were tested for their potential regarding antibacterial and fibrinolytic activity. The butanolic fraction and aqueous

Rotavirus can be detected in stool samples by using serological and molecular methods. An easy and rapid dual gene RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous amplification of the capsid protein VP4 (structural) and rotavirus enter toxin NSP4 (non-structural protein) has been developed. We validated the assay by comparing the results of single target PCR with dual-gene PCR products.

Serine/Threionine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases are multifarious phosphorylation enzymes which also play a central role in signalling events following pathogen recognition in plants. The present study describes cloning and characterisation of upstream promoter region of a Ser/Thr protein kinase (STPK) gene from Piper colubrinum (PcSTPK), a wild species highly resistant to fungal pathogens in the Piper

Genetic diversity analysis of eighty six Indian wheat genotypes was performed using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis based on their total seed storage protein. A dendrogram was constructed using the genetic similarity coefficient matrix based on SDS-PAGE, which categorized these genotypes according to their electrophoretic patterns into eight different clusters

Ficus krishnae which belongs to the family Moraceae is an endangered plant species with medicinal potential. Due to over-exploitative commercial use, it has become endangered hence demands immediate conservation. Application of in vitro strategies in conservation of plants is an efficient technique to produce true-to-type plantlets. In the present study, nodal segment explants were used as induction

The present study investigates the implication of DNA fingerprinting in discrimination of class isolates collected from a spread of habitats in south west Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India. Five totally different primers i.e., M13, enterbacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), short tandem repetitive repeats (STRRs) 1A & B and long tandem repetitive repeats (LTRRs), derived from repetitive

A fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (TaqMan) real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay based on amplification of a 93 bp fragment from 5’un-translated region (5’UTR) of classical swine fever virus was used for detection and absolute quantification of the virus in clinical and tissue samples. For determining analytical sensitivity, an in vitro transcript RNA containing 5’UTR

Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis a filamentous multi cellular cyanobacterium utilized as animal feed and human food supplement. This cyanobacterium is also a rich source of value-added pigments with diverse applications in the food industry, pharmaceuticals and molecular biology. This report describes a procedure for enhancement of the yield of value-added pigment; c-phycocyanin (CPC) through the

Purified pectin lyase from Bacillus cereus was successfully immobilized in alginate beads with a high binding efficiency of 84.55%. The optimal immobilization was achieved using 2.5% (w/v) alginate concentration. Both free and immobilized enzyme showed optimum pH of 10.0 and temperatures of 40 and 45°C respectively. Pectin lyase gave maximum activity at a substrate concentration of 0.5% w/v for free

The actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria present in natural habitats, most profoundly in soil, freshwater, sea water and composts. Actinomycetes have high GC (guanine-cytosine) content and characterized by a complex life cycle. The morphology of actinomycetes looks like fungi and the reproduction takes place either by hyphae fragmentation or by spore production in the mycelium. Actinomycetes serves

Soil crust cyanobacteria from three tea gardens of Mirik, Kurseong and Darjeeling located at different altitudes of Darjeeling district (West Bengal, India) in Himalayas, were studied. A total of 16 cyanobacteria were isolated in pure culture and identified. Major taxa in all soil crusts from three locations were under the genus Calothrix. 16S rRNA sequencing of three dominant species of Calothrix

The current study focuses and emphasis on the potential of heat stress to negatively affect crop physiology. Here, we have screened 19 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for their tolerance of heat stress. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits under consideration. Exploitable extent of genetic variability amongst the entries was present as revealed by considerably

The objective of our study was to perform phytochemical analysis and evaluate for cytotoxic activity of hydro alcoholic fraction (H1) of Trianthema decandra L. (Aizoaceae) against breast, liver and cervical cancers. Hydro alcoholic fraction was separated from methanolic extract, which was prepared by maceration method from aerial parts of T. decandra The GC-MS analysis confirms the presence of seventeen

India owns the best buffalo breeds, particularly Murrah which is famous all over the world for high milk production. India’s white and pink revolution cannot be imagined without the contribution of buffalo and to achieve these, the best productive animals need to be produced through scientific interventions. Animal cloning is a technique used to produce multiple copies of the best animals without normal

Crop genetic resources rich in Fe and Zn provide sustainable and cost-effective solution to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. Maize being the leading staple crop assumes great significance as a target crop for biofortification. We report here wide genetic variation for kernel Fe and Zn among 20 diverse maize inbreds lines, majority of which were bred for quality protein maize (QPM) and provitamin-A

Transcription factors (TFs) are protein, which perform their role at transcriptional level by affecting the expression of various genes associated with metabolic pathways, growth and stress-associated genes (SAGs) at different developmental stages. Here, we identified 38 novel heat-responsive transcription factor genes from wheat cv. HD2985 by mining the de novo transcriptome data derived from heat

The genetic diversity among ninety five accessions of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) belonging to six countries of African and Asiatic origin was detected by employing amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA markers. A medium to low-level of genetic diversity exists among the accessions of P. tetragonolobus. Association

This research article deals with production of industrial enzyme penicillin G acylase from soil bacterial isolates namely AA17A and AA17B, which are selected from 80 soil samples. The strains were selected based on qualitative (turbidity) and quantitative (HPLC) test for 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6APA) production. The enzyme was assayed for its activity and optimized for production of enzyme using

The L-lysine is one of the most important essential amino acid used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The present investigation was conducted to optimize the L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum (NCIM 2168). The production parameters such as the temperature, pH and glucose concentration (g/l) were optimised and evaluated by simulation method to develop a suitable model. The experimental

The objective of the present research is to envisage microbial assorted variety in the reactor through systems of general polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR, which can be further applied for production of methane using anaerobic reactor by employing vegetable waste as a feed. The outcomes proposed the names of species identified with the hydrolytic microorganisms, for example, Bacillus

Use of agricultural wastes as substrate for the production of bioethanol can help to solve environmental problems caused by inadequate discharge of waste. The production of bioethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using pea hull aqueous extract as a substrate was evaluated in this work. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of different parameters such as inoculum concentration

Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are known to cause nosocomial outbreaks which emerged as one of the world’s extreme health threats in past two decades. In this context, the present study was aimed to isolate multi drug resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae and evaluated the ESBL production. The samples were collected from district Govt. hospital

In the present study, lactose hydrolyzing enzyme β-galactosidase was produced from a novel probiotic Bacillus subtilis SK09 and it was compared with commercially obtained, B. subtilis MTCC 2413. The probiotic Bacilli was initially screened for its ability to hydrolyze the X-gal followed by production of blue colonies. The production medium was formulated using varied nutrients including carbon, nitrogen

M13 is a filamentous bacteriophage with a 6 nm thick and 1 µm length tubular structure. Approximately, 3000 subunits of PVIII, the major coat protein form a cylinder that encapsulates the M13 single-stranded DNA genome. Among capsid proteins sequences, PVIII gene is particularly amenable for the expression of recombinant peptides on the phage surface. It has been identified that thiol rich peptides

Genetic diversity in forty nine genotypes of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. was analyzed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 10 decamer primers. A total of 129 distinct DNA fragments (bands) were amplified, of which 109 bands were polymorphic ranged from 200 to 1300 base pair. In fact, the number of amplified bands per genotypes varied from 7 to 14 and polymorphism percentage ranged from 63

Routinely, qualitative screening for keratinolytic activity exhibited by microorganisms is carried out on feather agar medium, containing keratin as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Formation of a clear zone of keratin hydrolysis may observed directly on feather agar medium or after flooding the plates with either 5% (w/v) trichloro acetic acid (TCA) or Commassie brilliant blue dye (CBB R-250)

Under present investigation a total of 18 rice genotypes with diverse genetic background were taken for screening at seedling stage and its molecular characterization using SSR markers. Selected rice genotypes were exposed to five salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dSm-1) at seedling stage. Modified standard evaluation score (SES) at seedling stage identified 7 highly tolerant, 2 tolerant and 8 moderately

Magnetic nanoparticles have been researched extensively recently for site specific cancer cell treatment. Typically, ultrafine, stable and biocompatible particles prepared using simple, economical and environment friendly approaches are greatly desirable. In the present study hematite nanoparticles were prepared by a semi-synthetic approach using aqueous garlic extract. The Allium sativum (as) prepared

OAS1 (2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase) is a type I interferon molecule which is responsible for antiviral activity and known for its action in innate immunity. It was also reported to be stimulated by the release of interferon tau (IFN-t) in the serum of pregnant animals during conceptus implantation. OAS1 is studied in most of the ruminants except for buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), which is well known

An external loop airlift photobioreactor of 5 litre capacity was fabricated with glass as per the design. Blue green algae Anabaena ambigua was cultured in this external loop airlift photobioreactor using cross-shaped and circular sparger. For each type of sparger different sets of air velocities viz., 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, 2 m/s, 2.5 m/s and 3 m/s were maintained and, once the culture reached stationary

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major production constraint in black pepper causing stunted disease. Resistant varieties are unavailable and control measures are not effective till now. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) is the most promising strategy for combating virus infection in plants but the effectiveness depends on sequence specificity between the transgene and the targeting virus. This study

Brucellosis is a highly infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, dogs, horses and wild animals primarily caused by Brucella abortus, B. ovis, B. suis, B. melitensis, and B. canis. It has a significant threat to the livestock and human community mainly in developing countries and requires accurate diagnosis, characterization and management. This study was undertaken

This study aimed to evaluate rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against purified seminal plasma sperm membrance extracts (SP) heparin binding protein (HBP) for identifying HBPs in buffalo bull spermatozoa by western blotting. Anti-SP-HBP recognized 11 polypeptides in SDS-sperm membrance extracts (SME) of 31 tested bulls. Thirty one bulls were divided into G-1 (>40%) and G-II (≤40%) based on acrosome

In this study we describe the effects of Pleurotus ostreatus transformants that have been silenced for laccase genes. Using the RNAi strategy, transformants with different levels of phenotypic alteration were obtained with respect to their oxidation capacity of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP). The analysis of laccase activity on DMP allowed us to select transformants with severe, medium and light phenotypic

Tularemia, commonly prevalent in various regions of the northern side of the equator, is a zoonotic illness caused by Francisella tularensis. Among various Francisella tularensis species, subspecies tularensis is most pathogenic to human and included as category a biowarfare agent which can cause infection through aerosol, cut, injuries in skin and contact with tainted creatures. Right now, there is

Arsenite is considered to be more toxic than arsenate (an average of 100 times). It can be oxidized to arsenate by chemical reaction or microbiological interactions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the arsenite-oxidizing microbes that exist in iron ore mine in India. We cultured 13 morphologically distinct bacterial strains, among which 6 strains could grow in high concentrations and

Ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are the most pathogenic tick-borne diseases of dogs worldwide. The present study reports that the development of SYBR green based real time PCR (RT-PCR) protocols with novel primers targeting small subunit ribosomal RNA genes to detect natural infections of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli and B. gibsoni in dogs and its comparison with conventional PCR. Statistical analysis

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using Fagopyrum esculentum starch as a stabilizing and reducing agent. This reaction was carried out in an autoclave at 15 psi, 121°C for 20 min. UV-visible spectrum of the colloidal nanoparticles showed the surface plasmon absorption band with maximum absorbance at 418 nm. Interaction between functional groups present in the starch and nanoparticles

In the present investigation, experiments were conducted to evaluate F3 and F4 populations derived from cross between PAU201 (high-yield) and Palman 579 (iron-rich) indica rice varieties for various physio-morphological traits and minerals (iron and zinc) content. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed no correlation between grain iron and zinc content in F3 and F4 population (s). A DNA fingerprint

Heavy metals have caused a lot of imbalance in the environment due to its widespread ill effects. There have been tremendous efforts to reduce the levels of these metals from the environment, but demerits of existing methods exceed over the merits in most of the cases and hence there is a need for more effective mechanisms. In the present study, resistance profile of Candida parapsilosis was studied

Armyworm Mythimna spp. is one of the serious pests of crops belonging to Gramineae family viz. sorghum, millets, rice, maize and wheat in different regions of world. Although different species of Mythimna were existing in different parts of the world, but in Punjab, all populations infesting different host plants are considered as Mythimna separata. Eight samples from different regions of Punjab viz

Human interleukin-11 is a multifunctional cytokine applied for the clinical treatment of thrombocytopenia. However, IL-11 has been considered a difficult protein in to express in an Escherichia coli expression system. Here, we demonstrate a suitable construction for high production of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) in E. coli. An optimized codon gene encoding human IL-11 was inserted in-frame

We developed knock-in vector system of human Noggin mature sequence with glutathione S-transferase (GST) containing factor Xa protease linker to facilitate the subsequent purification of recombinant protein. To achieve this, bovine ear fibroblast cells were isolated and transfection conditions were optimized by electroporation. To generate knock-in vector, human Noggin lacking its native signal peptide

An actinomycetes (DST-4) strain was isolated from soil of Hirakud dyke, Western Odisha, India. The isolated actinomycetes strain was subjected to 16S rRNA gene partial sequencing and the sequence in FASTA format was analysed at National Centre Biotechnology Information (NCBI) portal using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis. The sequence was identified as a strain of gentamicin producing

Pregnancy management is difficult in canines and there is a lack of methodology which would allow monitoring embryonic well-being. Relaxin (Rlx) is being reported for use in pregnancy diagnosis in different species. Here, we evaluated seven anti-Rlx peptide antibodies for detection of well-being of the fetus in bitches. Peptides were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis chemistry and the

Several new approaches for reprogramming or direct reprogramming somatic cells have been implemented during the last few years. Endogenous gene activation or repression can be achieved using dead clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (dCas9) system fused with a transcriptional activating or repression domain. This study was undertaken to screen and validate

A protocol was developed and standardized for the in vitro clonal propagation of PPR-1, a superior temperate mulberry variety using nodal explants. When the nodal explants of PPR-1 mulberry variety were inoculated onto various concentrations and combinations of cytokinins supplemented media, maximum axillary bud proliferation was obtained on combinational rather than individually supplemented hormonal

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important agricultural pest in a wide range of outdoor and protected crops worldwide. Fenazaquin is mitochondrial electron transport inhibition (METI)-acaricide and its extensive and frequent use for control of this mite has facilitated resistance development. So, present studies were conducted to investigate genetic

The aim of present study was to explore microbiology of manganese mining area of Balaghat and Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India with the objective of reducing load of mine based pollution to support environmental sustainability with help of bacterial isolates. The research involves physicochemical analysis, culture dependent methods, 16S rDNA based sequencing and computational phylogenetic analysis

The use of plant products as immunomodulator has a long history. For eternal era, plant, mineral and animal products are used as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. The present-day synthetic compounds find their leads in natural products. The process of immunomodulation amends the immune system of an individual by prying with its usual functions. Research of immunomodulators from natural sources

In the present study, 45 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers distributed throughout the 12 chromosomes of rice and a gene-specific co-dominant marker for the fragrance (fgr) gene of rice were used to characterize 13 landraces collected from the adjoining areas of Bhagalpur in Bihar and 3 released rice genotypes. The number of alleles generated by each marker ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2

The cultivation of pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the oldest in America. However, out of the 25 species described only 5 have been domesticated. The varieties registered and legally protected must comply with International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) guidelines. Nevertheless, simple sequence repeat the morphological descriptors used for this purpose are sometimes

Pinus roxburghii Sarg. commonly known as Chir pine, is a commercially exploited species for resin in India. Resin is a phenotypic trait which is expressed only in mature trees. Due to this a large number of trees are cut every year which pose a serious ecological threat. Recent advancements in bioinformatics and molecular biology have enabled scientists to identify high resin yielding pine genotypes

A reliable and efficient protocol for isolation and amplification of genomic DNA from dried mace of Myristica fragrans, was developed. The yield of genomic DNA was 231.4 µg g-1 and 306.8 µg g-1, respectively for the samples procured from the farm and market. The absorbance ratio at A260/A280 was greater than 1.8 indicating the good quality of DNA. Complete restriction digestion and PCR amplification

The rich distribution and diversity of Wolbachia has been well investigated. The array of reproductive alterations induced by this cytoplasmically inherited α- proteobacteria has made it a successful ‘reproductive parasite’. Despite their obligate intracellular lifestyle which usually protects bacteria from phage infection, Wolbachia harbors a widespread temperate phage called WO. Recent studies implicate

Salinity and drought are the two major abiotic stresses that affect the quality and quantity of tomato. The dehydration response transcription element binding factor (DREB) gene enhances tolerance in plants against salinity. The present study was conducted to transformed DREB1A gene through Agrobacterium in tomato cultivar Roma against salt stresses. A binary vector containing DREB1A gene under the

Bacillus safensis (W10) from wheat rhizosphere which could grow in medium with high concentration of sodium chloride selected for this study showed positive response in in vitro plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) tests such as phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, indole acetic acid (IAA) production and 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase (ACC) deaminase activity. The growth of six