In this study, fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was applied to improve the flavor of cured duck leg meat. Odor and taste evaluations, lipid oxidation, volatile flavor substances, and protein degradation were determined to investigate the effects of microbial fermentation on flavor improvement. The results showed that the utilization of L. plantarum represented

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. Chickens act as the reservoir host for C. jejuni, wherein the pathogen asymptomatically colonizes the ceca leading to contamination of carcasses during slaughter. The major colonization factors in C. jejuni include motility, intestinal epithelial attachment, acid/bile tolerance, and quorum sensing. Reducing the

In this study, we explored the effect of dietary lead nitrate on zootechnical performance, egg quality, accumulation of ovarian plumbum (Pb), follicular atresia rate, and ovarian oxidative stress in laying hens. Furthermore, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling molecule was studied to reveal the molecular mechanism of the stress. A total of 512 Hy-Line Brown laying hens

The immunological immaturity of the innate immune system during the first-week post-hatch enables pathogens to infect chickens, leading to the death of the animals. Current preventive solutions to improve the resistance of chicks to infections include vaccination, breeding, and sanitation. Other prophylactic solutions have been investigated, such as the stimulation of animal health with immunostimulants

Rye is high in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), a complex carbohydrate which cannot be digested by poultry as they lack the endogenous enzymes to do so. Exogenous carbohydrases must therefore be supplemented to avoid the antinutritional effects associated with a high NSP diet. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of a rye-based diet with and without supplementation of a

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is an important avian pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Surprisingly, the limited protection and adverse reactions caused by the vaccines, including live vaccines, bacterin-based (killed) vaccines, and recombinant viral vaccines is still a major concern. Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains vary in infectivity and virulence and infection

The vaccines currently available to control infectious bursal disease (IBD) include live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, immune-complex vaccines, and vaccines consisting of viral constructs of herpesvirus of turkeys genetically engineered to express VP2 surface protein. To evaluate the impact of vaccines on the chicken immune system, 2 animal trials were performed in specific pathogen-free broiler

In this study, we evaluated the body fat distribution and fatty acid composition of muscles and adipose tissues of Yangzhou geese, including thirty 60-day-old goslings (15 males and 15 females) and 20 320-day-old geese (10 males and 10 females). Adipose tissues of Yangzhou geese were distributed widely and could be divided into 5 types: subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, sartorial fat, neck fat, and

Salmonella is one of the main foodborne pathogens that affect humans and farm animals. The Salmonella genus comprises a group of food-transmitted pathogens that cause highly prevalent foodborne diseases throughout the world. The aim of this study was to appraise the viability of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm under water treatment at room temperature on different surfaces, specifically stainless steel

Both pathogenic as well as nonpathogenic species of staphylococci have been reported in poultry, but these studies have not compared staphylococcal flora of both farmed and household broiler chickens. Staphylococci from farmed (n = 51) and household chicken intestines (n = 43) were isolated and tested for resistance to antimicrobials, presence of resistance genes, and inhibitory activity against other

Salmonella is a poultry-borne pathogen that causes illness throughout the world. Consequently, it is critical to control Salmonella during the process of converting broilers to poultry meat. Sanitization of a poultry processing facility, including processing equipment, is a crucial control measure that is utilized by poultry integrators. However, prevalence of Salmonella on equipment after sanitization

Plant extracts have been proved as natural antioxidants resources as well as alternative feed additives in livestock and poultry species. Chestnut wood extract (CWE) as a source of hydrolysable tannic acid was used to evaluate the growth performance, nutrient retention, meat quality, antioxidant status, and immune function of broilers. A total of 168, day-old Arbor Acre male broilers (weight 46.59

This study investigated how the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration within a chamber affects the efficacy of CO2 euthanasia and how the efficacy of CO2 induction methods changes as birds age. In experiment 1, pairs of broiler chicks (n = 192; 0, 3, and 6 D of age) were immersed into a chamber prefilled with 70, 80, 90, or 100% CO2. For experiment 2, 3- and 6-day-old broiler chicks (n = 88) were immersed

Since 2017, a serious infectious disease characterized by visceral gout has emerged in China's main goose-producing regions. The disease has caused huge economic losses to China's goose industry. In our previous study, we determined that the pathogen causing gout in goslings is a novel goose-origin astrovirus, designated as AStV/SDPY/Goose/1116/17 (AStV-SDPY) strain. To investigate the effect of host

Subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) was induced in broiler chicks using a high dose of Eimeria spp. vaccine in the drinking water on day 9, and Clostridium perfringens (Cp) culture mixed in the feed on days 14 and 15. The aim was to evaluate the effects of probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 (H57) in preventing NE in chicks. Day-old Ross 308, male broilers were weighed and randomly assigned

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between muscle water properties, water-holding capacity (WHC), and woody breast (WB) severity in intact raw broiler breast fillets. Broiler pectoralis major deboned at 3 h postmortem was collected from a commercial plant and categorized as normal (NORM), moderate WB, or severe WB (SEV). Meat drip loss was calculated based on weight loss

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn grain and to use these data to develop prediction equations for estimating total amino acids (TAAs) and standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAAs) for broiler chickens. Four types of corn grains were obtained from different origins (Brazil, Ukraine, Russia, and Iran). Eighty-day-old

Consumer concern for broiler welfare has increased interest in chicken from slower growing (SG) broiler strains. Broilers from SG strains take longer to reach market weight, which may necessitate differences in management practices, such as stocking density. This study evaluated the effects of 2 stocking densities on production performance, body conformation, and welfare of broilers from 2 strains

A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement study was conducted to evaluate 3 dosages of 2-nitro-1-propanol (NP; 0, 150, and 200 ppm) on intestinal health of birds with or without Eimeria challenge. A total of 432 thirteen-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 9 birds per cage. All birds were fed with treatment diets from day 13 to 21. Birds in the challenge

Despite consumers' belief that access to an outdoor range improves chicken welfare, still little is known about whether this is true and whether individual ranging profiles relate to the birds' welfare. The aim of the present study was to identify and compare welfare issues of the traditional broiler hybrid Sasso and the Polish heritage chicken Green-legged Partridge, having outdoor access, and examine

To date, information about reasons to select and kill poultry on-farm and which method veterinarians and poultry producers preferably use is scarce. Little is also known about their knowledge of the legislation regarding on-farm killing methods and of methods alternative to the one(s) they use, as well as their perception of those alternatives. In this study, Flemish poultry veterinarians (n = 13)

Marine microalgae (MA) has received wide attention as a promising source of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) enrichment in animal products to improve the health status and wellbeing of the consumers. This study evaluated dynamic changes in n-3 LC-PUFA, color, and functional properties as well as atherogenic and thrombogenic health lipid indices of egg yolk from hens fed

To investigate the impact of total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) on the development of follicles of laying hens, 3 types of follicles including primary, prehierarchical, and preovulatory follicles were selected to obtain the follicular granulosa cells cultured in vitro. First, extraction of TFE was conducted by alcohol-soluble and ultrasonic methods. The effects of TFE on activity and proliferation

In this study, a strain of Trichosporon was isolated from white pseudomembranes and ulcers formed on mucous membranes of pigeon bursas and was identified through gene sequencing. Bacteriostatic actions of Acorus gramineus, Sophora flavescens, Polygonum hydropiper, and Chinese herbal mixture on this species were explored in vitro, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of herbal medicines against

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics with a combination of plant essential oils on the growth performances and gastrointestinal health of broilers. A total of 720 1-day-old male AA broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatments: the control treatment (CON), the Aureomycin supplementation treatment (AGP), and the combined plant oils supplementation treatment

This study was conducted to explore the regulatory role of methionine (Met) in feather follicle and feather development during the embryonic period of chicks. A total of 280 fertile eggs (40 eggs/group) were injected with 0, 5, 10, 20 mg of L-Met or DL-Met/per egg on embryonic day 9 (E9), and whole-body feather and skin tissues were collected on E15 and the day of hatching (DOH). The whole-body feather

Effects of rearing cage type and dietary limestone particle size (LPS) on growth, apparent retention (AR) of nutrients, and bone quality were investigated. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with cage (conventional, CON and furnished, FUR) and LPS (fine, < 0.595 mm, F; medium, 0.595 to < 1.68 mm, M; and 1:1 mixture of F and M wt/wt; FM). A total of 900-day-old Lohmann LSL-Lite chicks

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, delivered in ovo influence the colonization and development of the peripheral immune system in poultry. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the host genotype (broiler chickens [Ross 308] and old native Polish breed Green-legged Partridgelike [GP] chickens) on the number of B and T cells in the spleen and cecal tonsils (CT). The solution of a bioactive

The H9N2 avian influenza virus has been widely spread in poultry around the world. It is proved to the world that the avian influenza virus can directly infect human beings without any intermediate host adaptation in "1997 Hong Kong avian influenza case," which shows that the avian influenza virus not only causes significant losses to the poultry industry but also affects human health. In this study

Increasing efforts have been made in recent years to reduce antimicrobial use in animal production. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate, in commercial broiler chicken farms, 2 antibiotic reduction strategies that eliminated the use of antibiotics important for human medicine, in comparison with the conventional use of antibiotics. On 7 broiler chicken farms, a house was allocated

Our studies found that melatonin mediates the monochromatic light-induced lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. However, melatonin receptor subtypes contain membrane receptor (Mel1a/Mel1b/Mel1c) and nuclear receptor (Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor [ROR] α/RORβ/RORγ) and are characteristic with cell specificity. This study compared receptor pathway of melatonin, which mediated the monochromatic

The current article served to provide the most up-to-date information regarding the causes of keel bone fracture. Although elevated and sustained egg production is likely a major contributing factor toward fractures, new information resulting from the development of novel methodologies suggests complementary causes that should be investigated. We identified 4 broad areas that could explain variation

Defensins are antimicrobial peptides composed of 3 conserved disulfide bridges, a β-sheet, and both hydrophobic and cationic amino acids. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the immunomodulation role of avian β-defensin 8 (AvBD8) in a chicken macrophage cell line. Chicken AvBD8 stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, interferon gamma, and IL-12p40) and chemokines (CCL4, CXCL13

There are few published studies on the effect of stocking density (SD) of pullets, particularly between different genetic lines. The objectives of this study were to determine if strain or SD affects musculoskeletal development of pullets and determine any impact on the productivity and keel bone health of adult hens. Lohmann Selected Leghorn Lite (LSL), Dekalb White (DW), and Lohmann Brown (LB) pullets

Egg storage and breeder age are between the most important factors affecting egg lipids, chicken quality, and posthatch performance. To evaluate these factors, including their interaction, the impact of egg storage duration (5, 12, and 19 D), and breeder age (47 and 67 wk) was investigated in Arbor Acres broiler eggs and chickens. Total yolk fat content, chicken organ development at hatch and at 6

The influence of barley particle size and enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient and energy utilization, and intestinal morphometry of broiler starters (day 1-21) fed pelleted barley-based diets was evaluated. Two barley particle sizes (fine and coarse) and 4 enzyme treatments (nonsupplemented [control], carbohydrase [0.15 g/kg of feed; Carb], phytase [0.10 g/kg; Phy] and combination of carbohydrase

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different egg turning frequencies on incubation efficiency parameters. Nine hundred sixty brown fertile eggs, with an average weight of 52.20 ± 0.85 g, from 38-week-old CJD (Carijó Pesadão) breeder hens were randomly distributed among 4 treatments before incubation. Each treatment corresponded to a turning frequency, being 24 (control), 12, 6, or 3 times

It has been demonstrated that vitamin D (Vit D) included in diets offers a beneficial effect by improving innate immune responses in chickens. However, its mechanisms of action and the effect on immunosuppressive pathogens, such as infectious bursal disease virus, are not yet known. In the present study, we have studied the immunomodulatory effect of Vit D on the innate immune response in 3 cell lines:

Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes T-cell lymphoma in susceptible chicken and is also related to an imbalance of the lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is a circulatory cytokine secreted from adipose tissue and exerts critical metabolic functions. Although the associations between adiponectin and diseases, including lipid disorder and noncardiac vascular diseases, have been reported, little is known about

There is a growing demand for documentation of animal welfare in meat production industry. Research on turkey welfare has mainly focused on toms at the end of production cycle, and information on the relationship between on-farm welfare and slaughterhouse recordings for turkey hens is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between routinely collected slaughterhouse

The present work was carried out to investigate the influences of housing system and dietary essential oils (EOs) supplementation to laying hens on the productive performance, egg quality, immunity, antioxidant parameters, and hematology. A factorial arrangement (2 × 4) was performed, including 2 housing systems and 4 different types of EOs (without EOs, thymol, carvacrol, and euganol) during the production

Owing to selection for rapid growth and heavy muscle, bone deformities and injuries in broiler chickens are common and present a welfare concern. Recently, clinical quantitative computed tomography scans (QCTs) have been used for laying hens with significant, strong correlations between QCT-generated bone mineral content (BMC), bone ash, and analytical calcium. The objectives of this study were to

To visually and rapidly detect a novel goose astrovirus (N-GoAstV) causing fatal gout in goslings, an isothermal detection method based on one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (one-step RT-LAMP) was established. The one-step RT-LAMP assay for N-GoAstV detection, using Bst 3.0 DNA polymerase with strong reverse transcription activity and primer sets targeting the opening

Reproductive failure associated with heat stress is a well-known phenomenon in poultry. High temperatures also induce various metabolic disturbances in many animals. Because the liver plays a central role in metabolism, the present study aimed to clarify the relationship between liver and reproduction in Japanese quails exposed to high temperatures. In the consecutive 20-D experimental period, quails

It was hypothesized that dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), the precursor of creatine (Cr), would be beneficial to heat-stressed finisher broilers owing to improved cellular energy status and arginine sparing effects. A total of 720 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to 3 treatments, 0 (control), 0.6, or 1.2 g/kg of GAA added to complete corn-soybean meal diets, and were fed for 39

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, pantothenic acid status, and antioxidant status of male white Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 D of age and to evaluate the requirement of this vitamin for growing ducks. Different levels pantothenic acid (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/kg) were supplemented to a corn-soy isolate protein

Effects of dietary Original XPC (XPC) on 17 selected blood variables in commercial layer pullets challenged with the virulent, low-passage R strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (RlowMG) were investigated. Hy-Line W-36 pullets sourced from M. gallisepticum-clean layer breeders were fed a basal diet with XPC (1.25 kg/metric ton) or without from hatch until 12 wk of age (woa). At 8 and 10 woa, half of

A study was conducted to determine differences between Histomonas meleagridis-infected and control pullets based on disease signs, hen growth, and egg production and quality. Ross 708SF females were weighed and then placed in pens on the day of hatch (92 chicks/pen). At 25 D, 4 pens were infected with H. meleagridis in the cloaca, whereas 4 pens were control. At 5, 10, and 20 D after inoculation, 5

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different acute high ambient temperatures on redox status in liver of broilers. A total of 144 35-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 6 birds each and subsequently distributed in different environment chambers for acute heat stress. The temperature of 4 environment chambers were set to 26°C (control), 29°C

As housing laying hens in aviaries becomes more common, understanding relationships between social context and performance of key behaviors, such as dust bathing (DB), is important. Expression of behaviors may be increased or repressed by the presence of conspecifics, and degree of behavioral synchrony can affect per hen resource allocation. We investigated relationships between number of hens on litter

Photoperiod has been shown to significantly affect broiler performance. However, the effects of the traditional 1-min dimming period on broiler growth and welfare are unclear. In this study, 4 consecutive trials were conducted to compare the effects of an intermittent, short-dawn/dusk photoperiod (ISD) to an increasing, long-dawn/dusk photoperiod (ILD) on broiler growth, stress, and welfare. Straight

Understanding energy partitioning in broiler breeders is needed to provide efficiency indicators for breeding purposes. This study compared 4 nonlinear models partitioning metabolizable energy (ME) intake to BW, average daily gain (ADG), and egg mass (EM) and described the effect of BW and rearing photoperiod on energy partitioning. Ross 708 broiler breeders (n = 180) were kept in 6 pens, controlling

This study examined the effects a synbiotic feed additive (PoultryStar meUS) on performance and intestinal health parameters in turkey poults administered a mixed Eimeria inoculation. The synbiotic feed additive consisted of Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium animalis, Pediococcus acidilactici and a fructo-oligosaccharide prebiotic. Dietary treatments began on day of hatch

A total of 960 male Cobb 500 broilers were used in a growth performance study to explore the effect of coccidial vaccination and/or coccidial challenge on blood biochemistry and veterinary postmortem metrics. Day-old chicks were randomly divided into one of the 4 experimental treatments. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with the factors being without or with vaccination (administered

Methionine (Met), an essential amino acid in poultry diets, when overdosed may cause hyperhomocysteinemia, which is mainly a trigger for cardiovascular diseases in humans. Homocysteine is neutralized (remethylated) in the presence of folic acid (FA), which also plays an important role in hematopoiesis and participates in the synthesis of DNA, and its deficiencies may result in the development of neural

Since 2017, an infectious disease, named feather shedding syndrome (FSS), has consistently broken out in Cherry Valley ducks in East China. The sick ducks showed the new clinical symptoms of feather shedding and being plucked off with difficulty after slaughter. The high incidence rate of 20 to 70% predominantly happened in ducks of 4 to 5 wk of age, and nearly 40% mortality rate was observed in infected

This experiment aims to determine the effects of Forsythia suspense extract (FSE) as an antibiotic substitute on performance, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, intestinal morphology, and meat fatty acid deposition in broilers. 192 male Arbor Acre broilers (1-day-old, weighing 45.6 ± 1.3 g) were randomly allocated to 3 treatments, 8 replicate pens per treatment, 8 broilers per pen. The

This study was conducted to evaluate graded Eimeria challenge on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, gastrointestinal permeability, intestinal morphology, gene expression of tight junction protein, and intestinal lesion scores in broiler chickens. There were 5 groups in this study, including a control and 4 different Eimeria treatment doses. A mixed Eimeria spp. solution with 50,000 Eimeria

Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) is a severe disease that causes 20 to 80% mortality in chickens aged 3 to 6 wk. Fowl aviadenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) plays an important role in the etiology of HHS. Since 2015, outbreaks of HHS have been reported in several provinces of China; however, details regarding the FAdV-4 genome properties are lacking. In the present study, the complete genomes of