The early middle Miocene (European Land Mammal Zone MN5-earliest MN6) locality Gračanica (Bugojno Basin, Bosnia-Herzegovina) has yielded numerous well-preserved dental remains of two Anchitheriinae species: Anchitherium hippoides and Anchitherium ezquerrae. This anchithere assemblage is typical of the Orleanian European Land Mammal Age and is recorded for the first time in Southeastern Europe.

Microconchids are a little-known group of vermiform invertebrates whose fossil record is limited to the preservation of their calcareous tubes. In the past, they were erroneously classified as polychaetes, specifically of the genus Spirorbis. Nonetheless, currently it is known that serpulid polychaetes appeared in the late Permian and earliest true Spirorbis appeared in the Miocene. Microconchids are

The Suoidea from Gračanica in the Bugojno Basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are assigned to Choeromorus lemuroides (previously Taucanamo sansaniense) (Taucanaminae, Palaeochoeridae), Bunolistriodon latidens (Listriodontinae, Suidae), and Conohyus simorrensis (Tetraconodontinae, Suidae). These belong to three anagenetic lineages, known from Western Europe to Anatolia. The fossils from Gračanica and these

Zygolophodon turicensis (Schinz, 1824) is a widely distributed species across Europe from the early to late Miocene; however, it is poorly documented in Turkey. A Zygolophodon turicensis mandible fragment, preserving the m1 and the m2, is described from the middle Miocene (MN6) Avdan locality, which is a carbonous level (southwestern Turkey). The Avdan Zygolophodon turicensis contributes to the understanding

A bryozoan fauna from the Upper Devonian (lower Famennian) of the Bahram Formation of the Baqer-abad section in central Iran contains four species: three trepostomes and one rhabdomesine cryptostome. Two trepostome species and one genus are new: Anomalotoechus parvus sp. nov. and Zefrehopora asynithis gen. nov. et sp. nov. The trepostome Coeloclemis zefrehensis Ernst et al., 2017 and the rhabdomesine

Due to typesetting error, the scale bars for Figs. 2, 3 and 6 were missing in the online article.

The aim of this work is to describe the benthic foraminiferal assemblages recorded across the Aalenian–Bajocian boundary (Middle Jurassic) in two sections of the Iberian and Basque-Cantabrian basins (North Spain), well calibrated with the standard ammonite zonation, in order to establish a biostratigraphic scale based on the foraminiferal record, and to infer the palaeoecological conditions that affected

Dapediidae are a characteristic group of deep-bodied Mesozoic actinopterygian fishes with a moderate diversity at genus- and species-level. Here, we add a new occurrence to their patchy fossil record and describe in detail a nearly complete dapediid specimen from the pelagic deposit of the Toarcian Úrkút Manganese Ore Formation in the Transdanubian Range of Hungary. The preserved characters represent

The tectonic processes that led to the current configuration of the Quesnel and Stikine terranes within the North American Cordillera are contentious, with competing models favouring either northward, strike-slip movement or southward, rotational movement of the Stikine terrane. Multivariate statistical analysis of Late Triassic conodonts faunas from Canada and the USA has been used to evaluate these

In this article, we report on two proboscidean upper tusks from a new locality in Iran, Kivi-1 (KIV). The tusks are oval to circular in cross-section, lack an enamel band, are strongly curved and double-twisted, and turn inwards at the tip. This morphology permits the attribution to Choerolophodon, an elephantimorph proboscidean well distributed during the Miocene in the Old World and already known

The Paleogene climate dynamics in Primorye (Far East of Russia) are studied using the Coexistence Approach, based on palaeobotanical records. Palaeobotanical data for the reconstruction comprises 54 palaeofloras covering the early Paleocene to late Oligocene, a time span of ca. 42 myr. The climate inferences obtained are consistent with independently derived global trends, demonstrating general climate

All truly thermophilic ants inhabiting the subtropical belts of our planet—Cataglyphis (Formicinae) in the southern Palearctic region, Ocymyrmex (Myrmicinae) in southern Africa and Melophorus (Formicinae) in Australia—are characterised by extremely long legs and remarkable locomotor agility including extremely high running speeds (relative to body size). In the classic surveys of the rich assemblages

Macro and miofloral analyses of coal-bearing sequences of the Jarangdih coal mine, Damodar Basin, were carried out to infer the floral diversity, age assessment, and the palaeoenvironment during the deposition of the Barakar Formation in this area. Damodar Basin, one of the five major Gondwana basins in India, is considered as the reference basin for inter-basinal age correlations. The Barakar strata

Plesiosaur specimens from the Upper Jurassic of European Russia are mainly referable to the genus Colymbosaurus Seeley, 1874, based on elongated propodials with extensive posterodistal expansion, and relatively short mid-cervical vertebrae. However, a historical specimen described by Bogolubov (1911) and subsequently revised as Plesiosauria indet. (Storrs et al. 2000) was hitherto the only and ambiguous

The first results of the investigation of the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian–early Tithonian) fish fauna from the fossil-rich Pálihálás Limestone Formation (“Long trench”, Eperkés-hegy, Olaszfalu, Hungary) are detailed here. The present study provides the first systematic faunal data of a Jurassic marine fish community from the Transdanubian Mountains. The low-diversity neoselachian fauna includes Notidanodon

A revision of the remains of Deinogalerix from the Terre Rosse of Gargano, stored at the Department of Earth Sciences of Florence, improved our knowledge of the genus. The goals of this study are to clear the taxonomic status of the specimens and to tackle several issues connected with the evolutionary relationships of the different species. The sample of dental remains of Deinogalerix freudenthali

Pseudocricetodontines from the late Eocene and early Oligocene of south-east Serbia are described. The Pseudocricetodontinae is a clade with a Eurasian geographical range during most of the Oligocene. The subfamily and genera included are briefly discussed. Originally, it contained Pseudocricetodon and Heterocricetodon only, but the number of genera included has grown to at least seven genera during

The first descriptions of Laurentian Lower Ordovician conodonts were in the 1930s in the central USA. Authors boiled shales to free the conodont elements. The use of acetic acid began in 1940 at the University of Missouri. The first study of Cambrian conodonts was in 1959; part of the material was from the western USA and part from northern Europe. In the mid 1960s, research began to be based on measured

The rich small-mammal record from the Guadix-Baza Basin (Granada, southern Spain) provides a rather continuous biostratigraphic sequence from the late Miocene to the middle Pleistocene. However, the earliest Pliocene is not so well represented due to the scarcity of levels from this time. In this paper, a complete taxonomic study of the rodent fauna from Botardo-D is presented, providing a more complete

The middle Miocene was a key period in Earth’s history as climate changed from one of the warmest phases of the Cenozoic Era, the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO), to colder conditions with the establishment of permanent ice sheets on Antarctica. This climate change had a profound impact on terrestrial ecosystems affecting vegetation worldwide. However, the scarceness of detailed pollen data at short-scale

Several teiid specimens (frontal, vertebra, maxillae) are described from the late Eocene of Europe (MP17, Phosphorites du Quercy). The results of phylogenetic analyses confirm that these European Eocene fossils belong to teiid lizards and more specifically to the subfamily Tupinambinae. So far, the Paleogene record of teiids is limited to South America and no occurrence of crown teiids is known in

The continuous and well-accessible Devonian-Carboniferous boundary successions of the Czech Republic are part of the Brunovistulian Unit, which belongs to the Variscan Rhenohercynian Zone of the Bohemian Massif. The well-studied sections, with almost continuous carbonate sedimentation, crop out in the Moravian Karst area and are characterised by carbonate turbidites (Lesní lom) and hemipelagic successions

Seven new rodent faunas are described from the Pčinja and Babušnica-Koritnica basins of south-east Serbia. The geology of the Tertiary deposits in the Pčinja and Koritnica-Babušnica basins of south-east Serbia is briefly reviewed. The fossil content of the new vertebrate localities is listed, and an inventory of the rodent associations is presented. The rodent associations are late Eocene-early Oligocene

A new diatomyid genus and species, Inopinatia balkanica, from the early Oligocene of south-east Serbia is described, and the affinities between the Diatomyidae and Ctenodactylidae are discussed. Inopinatia balkanica nov. gen. nov. sp. seems to have retained its deciduous teeth throughout life just as all other species of the family. The only other diatomyid described from outside south-east Asia which

The Valley of Lakes is approximately a 500-km elongate depression in Central Mongolia, where Eocene to Miocene continental sediments are long known for their outstanding fossil richness. The palaeontological record of this region is an exceptional witness for the evolution of mammalian communities during the Cenozoic global cooling and regional aridification. In order to precisely elucidate the climatic

The Taatsiin Gol Basin in Mongolia is a key area for understanding the evolution and dispersal of Central Asian mammal faunas during the Oligocene and early Miocene. After two decades of intense fieldwork, the area is extraordinarily well sampled and taxonomically well studied, yielding a large dataset of 19,042 specimens from 60 samples. The specimens represent 176 species-level and 99 genus-level

Cenozoic sediments of the Taatsiin Gol and TaatsiinTsagaan Nuur area are rich in fossils that provide unique evidence of mammal evolution in Mongolia. The strata are intercalated with basalt flows. 40Ar/39Ar data of the basalts frame the time of sediment deposition and mammal evolution and enable a composite age chronology for the studied area. We investigated 20 geological sections and 6 fossil localities

We describe the remains of Aralocricetodon Bendukidze, 1993; Bagacricetodon Gomes Rodrigues et al., 2012; Eocricetodon Wang, 2007; Witenia de Bruijn et al., 2003 and Paracricetodon Schaub, 1925 (Cricetidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Taatsiin Gol and Taatsiin Tsagaan Nuur areas (Mongolia). The studied material (comprising 128 teeth) stems from 9 localities and 23 fossil layers spanning a time interval

The present publication reports new discoveries of Oligocene and early Miocene aplodontid rodents from the Taatsiin Gol area (Valley of Lakes) in Mongolia. The fossil aplodontids recovered in this area are mainly composed of dental remains, some fragmentary jaws plus one partially preserved skull. Aplodontid rodents have been found from the early Oligocene (local biozone A) to the early middle Miocene

The genus Sinolagomys is an early representative of the family Ochotonidae, appearing first in the late early Oligocene of Central Asia. It is known in China from Shargaltein Tal, Taben Buluk, Ulan Tatal, and northern Junggaria, and a few specimens from Tatal Gol, Mongolia have been published. For most occurrences, the genus is not represented by many specimens. Extensive studies in the Valley of Lakes

The Oligocene fossil deposits from Valley of Lakes in Central Mongolia have provided a wealth of rodent fossils. Among these, cricetids are a very important part. To date, only the Miocene genera have been described in detail. Here, we focus on the Oligocene genus Eucricetodon from this region. Eucricetodontinae are the most abundant fossils in the Oligocene Valley of Lakes faunas. The present study

Gundis, or comb rats, are rodents of the family Ctenodactylidae. Extant gundis are restricted to Africa and represent a vestige of the diversity that the ctenodactylids attained at both palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical levels. Here, we present an updated review of the Ctenodactylidae from the Valley of Lakes, Mongolia, based on the study of large collections now available. We have recognised

Three Paracricetodon species from the late Eocene locality Buštranje and the Early Oligocene localities Valniš, Strelac-1, -2, -3 and Raljin (south-east Serbia) are described; Paracricetodon dehmi Hrubesch, 1957 and two new species: Paracricetodon stojanovici and P. gracilis. A review of Paracricetodon species suggests that the species P. spectabilis, P. cadurcensis, P. dehmi, P. walgeri and P. wentgesi

Isolated teeth of Melissiodontinae from two Eocene and four Oligocene localities in southeastern Serbia are described. One new genus and two new species are named. The study of the derived morphology of the cheek teeth and of the contrastingly primordial microstructure of the tooth enamel of this diverse material provides a glimpse into the early history of the subfamily. The supposedly Asian murid