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Incipient speciation in Oncocyclus irises: Eco-geographic isolation and genetic divergence with no reproductive isolation? Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Sergei Volis; Yong-Hong Zhang; Michael Dorman; Richard J. Abbott
The establishment of reproductive isolation is considered to be an ultimate result of ecological speciation, but empirical evidence for the latter is limited. We hypothesized that in the absence of inter-specific gene flow and with subtle environmental differences, local adaptation will not require trade-offs in performance across environments and therefore will not result in reproductive isolation
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Direct seeding in the restoration of post-mined campo rupestre: germination and establishment of 14 native species Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Maurílio Assis Figueiredo; Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga Messias; Mariangela Garcia Praça Leite; Alessandra Rodrigues Kozovits
Direct seeding in the restoration of degraded areas requires less financial investment and facilitates the use of greater diversity of species from different functional groups than traditional planting of seedlings. However, the application of this technique in the ecological restoration of post-mined areas in grassland environments is still poorly investigated. This study evaluated seed germination
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Predictions of the community assemblage in a temperate forest through indicators that evaluate the anthropogenic disturbance effect on natural regeneration Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Leticia Bonilla-Valencia; Silvia Castillo-Argüero; Yuriana Martínez-Orea; Francisco J. Espinosa García; Roberto Lindig-Cisneros; Mariana Yolotl Alvarez-Añorve; Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla
The causal pathways of the anthropogenic disturbance effect on the above-ground vegetation, seed bank, and seed rain can provide information to understand the dynamic of natural regeneration in order to predict changes in the community assemblage. However, due to the spatial and temporal complexity of the natural regeneration process, these pathways have rarely been tested empirically. Therefore, to
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Different cadmium levels alter growth and antioxidant defense response in Cedrela fissilis and Colubrina glandulosa Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Hélida Regina Sala; Daniele Silva Sukert; Willyam de Lima Vieira; Adriana Lima Moro; Inae Braga-Reis; Suzana Chiari Bertoli
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Origin, structure and genetic diversity of synanthropic populations of Fragaria moschata in Germany Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Sebastian Buschmann; Janne Schriefer; Nadine Bölke; Veit Herklotz; Christoph Neinhuis; Klaus Olbricht; Christiane Maria Ritz
Former and present cultivation of plant species impacts their distribution patterns and today's composition of floras. If native and feral populations are overlapping, the local status of a species remains often questionable. The musk strawberry (Fragaria moschata) is such an example: It is native to Central Europe but has been extensively cultivated until the end of 19th century. The border between
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Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and intra-specific interactions of Populus nigra within a natural river corridor along the lower Allier River (France) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Lucas Mazal; Dov Corenblit; Nadia Barsoum; Johannes Steiger; Leif Skot; Boris Fumanal; Irène Till-Bottraud
Spatial genetic structure (SGS) studies contribute to our understanding of gene flow and species dispersal. Only a few studies have linked the spatio-temporal pattern of SGS and intra-specific interactions. Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is a threatened pioneer riparian tree species along many rivers across Europe. We studied its SGS in cohorts of varying ages at a fine-scale (i.e. at distances including
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Vegetative anatomy, morphology and histochemistry of three species of Malpighiaceae used in analogues of the Amazonian psychoactive beverage Ayahuasca Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Nívea Nagamine-Pinheiro; Christopher W. Fagg; Sueli M. Gomes; Regina C. Oliveira; Júlia Sonsin-Oliveira
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Taxonomic evaluations on the anatomical characters of leaf and achene in Turkish Tripleurospermum with its relative Matricaria (Asteraceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Huseyin Inceer; Melahat Ozcan
Tripleurospermum is a typically Mediterranean genus with ca. 40 species. It is widespread and diverse in Turkey with ca. 32 taxa, of which 12 are provided anatomical traits of both leaf and achene/cypsela, previously. In addition, the leaf anatomy of endemic T. baytopianum as well as the achene anatomy of endemic T. rosellum var. album with diploid cytotype are presented from Turkey. In this study
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Heat shock effects on germination and seed survival of five woody species from the Chaco region Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Amalia Valeria Ibañez Moro; Sandra Josefina Bravo; Nelly Roxana Abdala; Fabian Borghetti; Adalgisa Maria Chaib; Leonardo Galetto
In tropical dry forests, fire is a common disturbance and seed traits may drive regeneration of plant populations during these events. In this study, we aimed to (i) investigate whether the seed coat and/or fruit endocarp impose physical dormancy, (ii) check whether physical dormancy confers seed tolerance to heat shocks and (iii) verify whether heat shocks break physical dormancy among woody species
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Seed tolerance to post-fire temperature fluctuation of Cerrado legume shrubs with micromorphological implications Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-26 L. Felipe Daibes; Aline R. Martins; Fernando A.O. Silveira; Alessandra Fidelis
Multiple environmental cues may break seed physical dormancy (PY) in fire-prone ecosystems, but disentangling the roles of such cues remains challenging. Current research has mostly focused on the role of high temperatures (heat shocks) in PY alleviation, while post-fire environmental conditions are less understood. Here, we examined the role of post-fire temperature fluctuation on seed germination
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Flower development in Fedia graciliflora and Valerianella locusta (Valerianaceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Brent A. Berger; Barbara A. Ambrose; Jingjing Tong; Dianella G. Howarth
Valerianaceae provides a model clade for examining diversification in floral shape, especially involving size, bilateral symmetry, asymmetry, and handedness. Fedia species have pink, strongly bilaterally symmetrical corollas while Valerianella species generally have white, near-radially symmetrical corollas. In this study we examine the early floral ontogeny of Valerianella locusta and Fedia graciliflora
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Vegetation and flora of marble outcrops and their nearby matrices in mountains of central Argentina. Rock chemistry also matters Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Juan José Cantero; César Omar Núñez; Sebastián Rodolfo Zeballos; Jorge Sfragulla; Andrea Amuchástegui; Pablo Brandolin; Aldo Bonalumi; Marcelo Rubén Cabido
We present a comparative study of the flora and vegetation of marble outcrops and their nearby migmatite matrix from mountains in central Argentina. In all, we sampled 50 sites and recorded the cover-abundance of all vascular plants present according to the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale. In addition, rock fragments were collected for chemical analysis (Ca2+, Mg2+, K and Na). Three plant communities
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Morphological and histological characterization of extrafloral nectaries induced by Coelocephalapion galls on Croton antisyphiliticus in the Brazilian Cerrado Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 GeraldoWilson Fernandes; Armando Aguirre-Jaimes; Ximena Contreras-Varela; Eliezer Cocoletzi; Wesley Oliveira de Sousa; Lazaro Araujo; Bárbara Nunes; Guillermo Angeles; Mauricio Quesada
In the Brazilian Cerrado, Coelocephalapion weevils induce galls on the leaves of Croton antisyphiliticus (Euphorbiaceae). Gall induction results in dozens of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) being produced on the gall surface. This plant has a low number of EFNs at the margin of its healthy leaves. The interaction weevil-plant induces the overproduction of EFNs on the galls. The presence of glands on leaves
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Haustorial structure of the holoparasitic angiosperm Cynomorium coccineum L. invading host roots Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Gamal M. Fahmy; Abdelrahman H. Hassan
The perennial angiosperm holoparasite Cynomorium coccineum L. (Cynomoriaceae) was found infecting the roots of halophytes in a Mediterranean coastal salt marsh in Egypt. The parasite consists of a subterranean rhizome, which carries haustoria and sends aboveground annual inflorescences. Although the published research on the botany and taxonomy of C. coccineum dates back to approximately 150 years
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Effect of laboratory and soil storage on fern spores germination Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-19 Luis Vidal Pedrero-López; Blanca Pérez-García; Klaus Mehltreter; María Esther Sánchez-Coronado; Alma Orozco-Segovia
In the laboratory, non-chlorophyllic (orthodox) fern spores are long-lived. However, their potential longevity might not reflect ecological longevity, which determines their viability within the natural soil spore bank. Our aim was to compare ecological (in a semi-natural soil bank) and potential (storage in laboratory–suboptimal conditions) longevity and vigour of fern spores over a period of five
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Intra-population seed survival during burial on a mass basis Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Nicholas G. Genna; Héctor E. Pérez
Survival during burial is dependent upon a seed's ability to resist pathogen pressure and physiological aging. Several studies support a positive interspecific relationship between seed survival in soil and seed coat thickness. Our research attempted to understand if a similar intraspecific relationship occurs in Rudbeckia mollis (Asteraceae) seeds of different mass. Seeds were collected in August
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Abundance and seasonal growth of epiphytic ferns at three sites along a rainfall gradient in Western Europe Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Moritz Klinghardt; Gerhard Zotz
Vascular epiphytes in temperate zones are allegedly rare due to climatic constraints, such as drought and freezing temperatures during winter. Here, we investigate how abundance and seasonal growth of epiphytic polypod ferns in Western Europe are influenced by annual rainfall and temperature. We recorded abundances and growth of epiphytic polypod ferns over two years at three sites along a rainfall
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Elevation does not matter? Genome screening using AFLP fails to reveal selection along elevational transects: a case study of Caucasian Primula vulgaris Huds. (Primulaceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-15 Polina A. Volkova; Manuela Bog; Beata Zablocka; Christoph Oberprieler
Numerous elevational gradients of phenotypic variation in plants were described, and usually treated as results of selection as a null hypothesis. However, effects of selection are difficult to disentangle from chance events and population evolutionary history. We aimed to do this on the example of Caucasian Primulavulgaris using a genome screening approach. Additionally, we wanted to understand if
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Extending the knowledge on the histological patterns of leaf galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda) on Miconia (Melastomataceae) hosts Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Ígor Abba Arriola; Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
Plant-parasitic nematodes can manipulate their host-plant tissues to induce the neoformation of structures called “galls”. These structures confer protection for the nematode colonies against biotic and abiotic factors, as well as guarantee food supplies, while the feeding stimulus lasts. Ditylenchus gallaeformans induces galls on leaves of several Miconia species (Melastomataceae) of the Brazilian
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Axial variability of anatomical structure and the scaling relationships in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles of contrasting origins Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Artur Jankowski; Tomasz P. Wyka; Jacek Oleksyn
Intraspecific variability of anatomical leaf traits is usually determined on the basis of median sections and interpreted as adaptive. We hypothesized that anatomical traits may relate to the position within the leaf, reflecting functional coordination e.g., between transport and gas exchange capacities and between supporting tissue and the supported leaf weight. Anatomical variation may thus be partly
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Germline development and seed set of metallophyte Biscutella laevigata L. (Brassicaceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Monika Kwiatkowska; Karolina Kłosowska; Ewa Urszula Kurczyńska
The costs of Biscutella laevigata adaptation, a facultative metallophyte, to an environment polluted with heavy metals were established by analyzing the differences in embryological processes between plants from two populations in Southern Poland (a mountain, in the Tatra Mountains and calamine, in Bolesław). Disturbances in male and female lineage development occurred in plants from both populations
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Leaf sodium, potassium and electrolyte accumulation capacity of plant species from salt-affected coastal habitats of the Baltic Sea: Towards a definition of Na hyperaccumulation Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-05 Gederts Ievinsh; Silvija Ieviņa; Una Andersone-Ozola; Ineta Samsone
The aim of the present study was to compare a relatively large number of native plant species from salt-affected coastal habitats with respect to their Na+ and K+ accumulation capacity and electrolyte level in leaves. Sampling sites (77 in total) were chosen during field survey in coastal habitats located at geographically distant places along the Baltic Sea in the territory of Latvia, Estonia, Denmark
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Modulation of anatomical adaptations of leaves of Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae) by a galling Meunieriella (Cecidomyiidae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Leticia Ponticel Nobrega; Juliana Bezerra Silva; Bruna Nunes de Luna; Bruno Garcia Ferreira
Globoid leaf galls with an abaxial concavity are induced by an undescribed species of Meunieriella Kieffer, 1909 (Cecidomyiidae) in Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechm. ex Moldenke (Acanthaceae), a plant extremely adapted to mangroves. The gall-inducers may potentiate anatomical adaptations of host plants for producing a better shelter and food. We expected that some A. schaueriana important adaptations
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Evolution of the distribution area of the Mediterranean Nigella damascena and a likely multiple molecular origin of its perianth dimorphism Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Florian Jabbour; Pierre-Emmanuel Du Pasquier; Léa Chazalviel; Martine Le Guilloux; Natalia Conde e Silva; Yves Deveaux; Domenica Manicacci; Pierre Galipot; Andreas G. Heiss; Catherine Damerval
Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) is a common Mediterranean species traditionally used as condiment and healing herb. Its perianth dimorphism has been known since 1591. In all modern accessions examined to date, a single allele of the NdAP3–3 gene characterized by a MITE insertion has been found to be responsible for the mutant morph, lacking a corolla. Based on herbarium collections, we aimed at (i)
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Pollination of the Orchid Habenaria rhodocheila by the Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio helenus in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests in Southern China Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Zibin Zhang; Xueqiang Cui; Jinye Zhou; Changyan Huang; Jieling Deng; Xuan Tang; Shuming Luo
Habenaria rhodocheila is different from other species in the genus as it has bright yellow-orange, orange-red or red floral colors and grows in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. It is listed as a level II protected plant in China. This study focused on details of the pollination mechanism, including floral structure, the pollinator and its behavior, the pollination process, and fruit set
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Chemical composition and allelopathic potential of the invasive plant Solanum rostratum Dunal essential oil Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Zhou Shixing; Zhu Xunzhi; Shi Kai; Han Caixia; Nigora Kuchkarova; Zhang Chi; Shao hua
The chemical profile and phytotoxicity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the invasive weed Solanum rostratum Dunal was investigated. GC/MS analysis led to the identification of 29 constituents, with phytol, cholesterol trimethylsilyl ether, adipic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, and muurola-4, 10(14)‑dien‑1β-ol being abundant in the oil. Phytotoxic assay showed that the EO exhibited significant
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Seedlings from two Agave species differing in microhabitat evolve different tolerance mechanisms to drought and shade under nurse plants Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Hugo Magdaleno Ramírez-Tobias; Raúl Adrián Cedillo de la Rosa; Joel Flores; Cristian López-Palacios
We studied two Agave species differing in microhabitat; when adult, A. striata is light-tolerant and A. salmiana is drought-tolerant. However, both species establish under nurse plants. The aim of this work was to investigate the ecophysiological mechanisms of these two species to tolerate different shade and water conditions at the seedling stage. Seedlings were grown for six months under two water
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Drought severity, disturbance intensity and wood density of dominant and rare tree species in Brazilian seasonally dry semideciduous forests Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Roque Cielo-Filho
Wood density is one of the main functional traits affecting demographic rates of tropical trees. However, little is known about how this translates into abundance of trees in local assemblages. I hypothesized that: (1) higher wood density would generally result in better adaptation to prevailing environmental conditions in seasonally dry semideciduous forests, which would translate into numerical dominance
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Pollinators of Hoya pottsii: Are the strongest the most effective? Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Sven Landrein; Zi-Yu Zhou; Shi-Jie Song
Hoya floral characters are highly elaborate and associated with a complex and specialised pollination mechanism. The pollination of two Hoya species has been studied previously, but little is known about the specific nature and interactions between flower morphology, pollinators, and their environment. Here we investigate the pollination of Hoya pottsii, where pollinaria are transferred onto several
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Cytotypes of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in Europe: widespread diploids and scattered triploids of likely multiple origin Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Libor Ekrt; Jan Podroužek; Ondřej Hornych; Jiří Košnar; Petr Koutecký
Polyploidization is an important speciation and evolution mechanism in ferns. Initially, new cytotypes face challenges in maintaining themselves within the majority cytotype populations. Unlike in most even-ploidy cytotypes, fern triploids are often apomictic or infertile, due to genetic imbalance. An interesting opportunity to study these phenomena has emerged with the discovery of triploid bracken
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Imitation of fermenting fruits in beetle-pollinated Calycanthus occidentalis (Calycanthaceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Gerhard Gottsberger; Brigitte Gottsberger; Ilse Silberbauer-Gottsberger; Vesna Stanojlovic; Chiara Cabrele; Stefan Dötterl
Calycanthus (Calycanthaceae), a genus for which three species are described, belongs to an early diverging lineage of angiosperms. As far as known, all species have highly specialized sap beetle (Nitidulidae) pollination systems. While the floral scent is likely to play a key role in attracting the beetles to the flowers, its chemistry is not known for any of the species of this genus. Herein, we analyzed
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Multivariate relationships between litter productivity and its drivers in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Yili Guo; Bin Wang; Dongxing Li; Wusheng Xiang; Tao Ding; Fuzhao Huang; Xiankun Li
Litter is a vital component of ecosystem functionality, which is inherently linked to net primary productivity and global biogeochemical cycles. To better understand the drivers that modify net primary productivity, we need to disentangle the processes that underly changes in the generation of litter. We employed structural equation models (SEMs) to test for the direct and indirect effects of biodiversity
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Low-marsh ecotypes of a dominant plant may not be better adapted to increased sea level Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Qingqing Chen
Plant adaptation to sea level rise has important implications for conservation and shoreline protection. However, it has received much less attention than other global changes. Here I explored adaptation of one of the dominant plants in European saltmarshes to sea level rise and whether this adaptation is mediated by successional stages. Different successional stages have distinct characteristics such
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Trichome morphology provides phylogenetically informative signal for generic delimitation in tribe Marrubieae (Lamiaceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Soudeh Siadati; Yasaman Salmaki; Christian Bräuchler
Trichomes of 60 taxa of tribe Marrubieae were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to assess their importance in generic delimitation. In general, two main types of trichomes were observed: glandular (capitate, peltate or branched) and non-glandular (simple or branched) trichomes. The results revealed trichome micromorphology as useful for taxon delimitation within
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Syncytial development of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) pigment gland: a curious type of anastomosed articulated laticifer Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Andrea Lanna Almeida; Patrícia França de Freitas; Clébio Pereira Ferreira; Marília Contin Ventrella
Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is the only species that produces bixin, a red pigment extracted from its seeds and used as a natural dye. Little is known about the distribution and the anatomical and ultrastructural aspects of the glands that secrete and accumulate these carotenoid pigments, considered as an idioblast. We used light and transmission as well as scanning electron microscopy to examine the
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Comparative seed morphology in the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae) in India Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 Ajay S. Nalawade; Animesh Bose; Rajaram V. Gurav
Seed morphology of 19 species of Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) collected from different regions of India were studied. The seeds are diverse in shape, size, color, weight, surface architectural pattern, and hilum characters. These characters are used for preparation of key for identification of the taxa. The study reveals that morphology of seed clearly distinguishes Chlorophytum kolhapurense from C
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Plantago australis (Plantaginaceae) produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers: Field work, herbarium and literature-based evidence Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 Gustavo Hassemer; Amanda P. dos Santos; Alexey B. Shipunov; Luís A. Funez
Plantago australis is considered to be obligately cleistogamous. Here we present evidence based on field work, herbarium collections and literature to show that this species produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. We also hypothesise that the species is ambophilic.
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Temporal trends, impact and partnership in floristic and phytosociology literature in the Brazilian Cerrado Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Natácia E Lima; Rejane A Guimarães; Edivaldo B Almeida-Júnior; Luciana C Vitorino; Rosane G Collevatti
The Brazilian Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot because of its high levels of species richness, endemism, and degree of threat. Plant inventories and quantitative vegetation analyses in Cerrado have contributed to clarifying species richness, differentiation of community composition among areas, community structure across time, and biogeographic patterns. Here we perform a science mapping analysis
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Revisiting the occurrence and evidence of endodermis in angiosperm shoots Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 James L. Seago
A sampling of angiosperms across a broad spectrum of families and generas was done to determine if angiosperms from the ANA grade basal angiosperms to the Zingiberales of the monocots and Apiales of the eudicots had an endodermis with demonstrable Casparian bands in shoots because the literature has a paucity of demonstrable images, especially for key basal plants. In the Amborellales, Amborella had
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Physiological responses of the xerohalophyte Suaeda vermiculata to salinity in its hyper-arid environment Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Naeema Al-Shamsi; M. Iftikhar Hussain; Ali El-Keblawy
Few plants can survive and grow equally well in salty and salt-free substrates (i.e., habitat-indifferent halophytes). Such plants provide a good opportunity to understand physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance. In this study, we investigated the environmental salinity impacts on several physiological and biochemical features of Suaeda vermiculata, a habitat-indifferent
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CSR ecological strategies, functional traits and trade-offs of woody species in Amazon sandplain forest Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Handria de Jesus Araujo da Costa; Ely Simone Cajueiro Gurgel; Dário Dantas do Amaral; Liziane Vilela Vasconcelos; Luane Gabriela Botelho Rebelo; Grazielle Sales Teodoro
The ecological performance of different plant species in a given ecosystem is associated with their functional traits. Plants may adopt ecological strategies to optimize resources’ acquisition and use in resource-poor environments, such as sandplain (restinga) forests. The CSR theory points out the three main types of ecological strategies observed in plants: competitors ("C"); tolerant to stresses
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Morphogenesis of the seed cone of Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch and the evolution of the coniferous seed scale Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Julian Herting; Thomas Stützel
The incorporation of ontogenetic studies into the study of the evolution of the coniferous ‘seed scale’ over the past decades has yielded novel interpretation of the same. In this context the development of the ‘seed scale’ of Araucariaceae is especially interesting because they have an extensive fossil record dating back to the Mesozoic. Therefore, we report the development of the Araucaria araucana
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Microscopy and histochemistry of Ocotea nutans (Nees) Mez (Lauraceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Fernando Cesar Martins Betim; Vanessa Barbosa; Camila Freitas de Oliveira; Obdulio Gomes Miguel; Vijayasankar Raman; Jane Manfron Budel; Marilis Dallarmi Miguel; Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias
This article enumerates the anatomy of the leaves, petioles and stems of Ocotea nutans (Lauraceae) illustrated with optical and scanning electron micrographs. The anatomical markers include the presence of sclerenchyma in the midrib and the absence of trichomes in the leaves. The presence of brachysclereids and prismatic crystals in the petioles and stems is new to the genus Ocotea and reported here
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Floral morpho-anatomy and reproductive ecology of Spondias macrocarpa Engl. (Anacardiaceae), a vulnerable neotropical andromonoecious tree Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Marília Claudiano Tavares; Elisabeth Dantas Tölke; Carlos Eduardo Pereira Nunes; Sandra M. Carmello-Guerreiro
The genus Spondias has a wide variety of sexual systems, with complete monoecious to polygamodioecious species. Spondias macrocarpa (Anacardiaceae) is an endemic species from Brazil, previously described as hermaphroditic, and considered vulnerable due to massive deforestation. However, to our knowledge, no further details on the breeding system or morphological studies are available. Herewith, we
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Root anatomy of 37 species of Asplenium (Aspleniaceae) from Argentina: Contributions to the systematics and phylogeny of the genus Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-10-10 M.L. Luna; M.A. Ganem; M.A. Grossi; G.E. Giudice
Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae) is a large fern genus whose systematics is based mainly in leaf and reproductive characters. In Aspleniaceae, the root anatomy allows delimit the two genera, Asplenium and Hymenasplenium Hayata. Various root subtypes are recognized in Asplenium, according to the layers and number of asplenium sclereids that constitute the inner cortex. In order to assess the potential use
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Periderm coverages on five species of long-lived columnar cactus species of central Mexico Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 Lance S. Evans
Sunlight exposures have resulted in periderm coverages on more than 40 species of tall, long-lived columnar cactus species in the Americas. Periderm coverages start on equatorial surfaces and eventually cover all surfaces. Periderm coverages lead to tissue morbidity and eventual cactus death. After more than 80% of periderm coverage on saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) cacti, the probability of cactus death
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Phorophyte type determines epiphyte-phorophyte network structure in a Mexican oak forest Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Beatriz Olivia Cortés-Anzúres; Angélica María Corona-López; Anne Damon; Martín Mata-Rosas; Alejandro Flores-Palacios
Phorophytes are assumed to act as facilitators for epiphytes, but empirical evidence indicates that they also act as amensalists. While few epiphytes can colonize most phorophytes, some epiphytes (such as orchids) appear in few phorophytes and/or have low population sizes, suggesting that are strongly phorophyte-limited. We assume that phorophyte type must determine the structure of the interaction
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A revised classification of leaf variegation types Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Jian-Hang Zhang; Jin-Chu Zeng; Xiao-Mei Wang; Shui-Fei Chen; Dirk C. Albach; Hong-Qing Li
Variegated leaf plants are a group of plants with stable patterns of differently colored leaf areas. The variously colored patches on the surface of the leaves have important biological functions in plant reproduction and adaptation to the environment. Apart from that, these plants have attracted interest as valuable ornamental plants. In this study, 1710 species with variegated leaves belonging to
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Habitat conditions, spatial distribution and trichome morphology of different species of Tillandsia growing on trees on the Ilha Grande Island, Brazil Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 Tatiana Miranda; Anita Roth-Nebelsick; Annett Junginger; Martin Ebner
Epiphytes living in the canopy face the problem of being exposed to varying levels of air humidity, temperature and insolation, according to both local climate and growing site conditions. This study addresses interrelationships between a) vertical distribution of Tillandsia species on phorophytes of Ilha-Grande Island in tropical Brazil; b) micrometeorological conditions at the different epiphyte
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Trichomes in Mimosa (Leguminosae): Towards a characterization and a terminology standardization Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Lucas Sá Barreto Jordão, Marli Pires Morim, José Fernando A. Baumgratz
Mimosa, one of the most species-rich genera in the Leguminosae, exhibits a high diversity of trichomes. These structures are considered crucial to the taxonomy of the genus and are commonly used to delimit infrageneric groups. Barneby (1991) provided an important reference in the understanding of trichomes in Mimosa, but some terminology still needs to be clarified and standardized. The present study
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A novel type of mirror-image flowers caused by lateral bending of the floral tube in a bumblebee-pollinated plant Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-05 Shao-Jun Ling, Tao Lu, Ming-Xun Ren
We studied a previously unreported form of mirror-image flowers in Rhabdothamnopsis sinensis (Gesneriaceae) endemic to China. The style in R. sinensis remains straight throughout the blooming period, while the basal part of the floral tube bends either to the left or right side, causing the style to lean towards the right or left side of the floral tube. R. sinensis has two epipetalous fertile stamens
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Ontogenesis and responses to shading of Attalea vitrivir (Arecaceae) eophyll Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Isabella Renata Gomes da Cunha, Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro, Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões, Levi Fraga Pajehú, Paulo Sérgio Nascimento Lopes, Márcio Antônio Silva Pimenta
The eophylls (first photosynthetic leaves) of palm trees play crucial roles in seedling establishment, although information concerning their development and ecophysiology remain scarce. This work sought to evaluate eophyll development and the effects of shading on young plants of the neotropical oil palm Attalea vitrivir. Eophyll ontogenesis was characterized, and the effects of shading levels (0,
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Diversity and evolutionary trends of the ovary and ovule in Bromeliaceae Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Sofia Aumond Kuhn, Fernanda Mayara Nogueira, Olivier Chauveau, Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath
Members of the bromeliads exhibit a great morphological diversity of reproductive organs. In this study, we comparatively analyzed the ovule and ovary anatomy of 23 species, including all Bromeliaceae subfamilies; additionally, the ancestral character optimization for six traits of the ovule was performed. In species with superior ovaries, the carpel displays a homogeneous mesophyll and species with
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The mistletoe Struthanthus flexicaulis reduces dominance and increases diversity of plants in campo rupestre Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Graziella França Monteiro, Samuel Novais, Milton Barbosa, Yasmine Antonini, Marcela Fortes de Oliveira Passos, G. Wilson Fernandes
The interaction between hemiparasites and their host plants is an important structuring mechanism for plant communities. The mistletoe Struthanthus flexicaulis (Loranthaceae) is widely distributed in the campo rupestre ecosystem and likely has an important role in structuring the communities of which its hosts are part. The main goals of this study were to investigate the effects of parasitism by S
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Estimating bioregions and undercollected areas in South America by revisiting Byttnerioideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae (Malvaceae) occurrence data Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Matheus Colli-Silva, José Rubens Pirani
Revisiting biogeographical patterns is the first step towards fully assessing the natural history and conservation of particular lineages, an important effort in species-rich groups from heterogeneous or undercollected areas, such as South American Malvaceae. Here, we compile, synthetize and discuss a manually revisited distribution database built for species of three subfamilies of Malvaceae—Byttnerioideae
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Fruit heteromorphism and germination success in the perennial shrub tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 Rocio Santos-Gally, Miriam Muñoz, Giovana Franco
Studies of fruit or seed heteromorphism (the presence of two or more fruit or seed morphs within an individual) provide valuable information about the influence of environmental variation on the evolution of reproductive strategies. Such heteromorphisms are more likely to be favoured by selection in annual species, because short-lived plants are in a disadvantaged position to gather information about
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One or two species? Floral characteristics and pollination biology aid in Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) species circumscription Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-16 Aline De Bastiani, Michelle Helena Nervo, Rodrigo B. Singer, Cristiano Roberto Buzatto
Plant species are mostly delimited solely by morphological characteristics, but this method has drawbacks and may result in identification errors. Pollination and ecological speciation studies may serve as additional tools for species delimitation. Sinningia lutea and S. allagophylla are species hitherto considered synonyms, and recent accounts suggest that the taxa present overlapping morphological
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Seasonal storage of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in two perennial forest herbaceous plants Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 Paige Shafer, Michaeleen Gerken Golay
Herbaceous perennials in a forest ecosystem play a role in seasonal nutrient cycling. Asarum canadense L. (wild ginger) and Hydrophyllum virginianum L. (Virginia waterleaf) are perennial herbaceous plants with different seasonal growth patterns native to mesic hardwood forests. Both flower early, but A. canadense leaves persist after flowering while H. virginianum senesces and produces a second flush
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Climate, landscape history and management drive Eurasian steppe biodiversity Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-15 Peter Török, Barbara Neuffer, Hermann Heilmeier, Karl-Georg Bernhardt, Karsten Wesche
Palaearctic steppes are among the largest continuous terrestrial natural habitats of the world with high biodiversity at multiple scales. Steppe grasslands and adjacent forest steppes are characteristic landscape elements from Central and Eastern Europe to Northern China across the whole temperate zone of Eurasia with some floristically similar regions in North Africa, Anatolia, and Iran. The origin
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Light and irrigation effects on chlorophyll fluorescence depend on seedling provenance in Magnolia pugana endemic of Mexico Flora (IF 1.591) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Olivia Hernández-González, Rosa L. Romo-Campos, Miguel Á. Muñiz-Castro, Joel Flores
In riparian forests, light and water are two important factors for plant acclimation to different environments. We evaluated the effect of different light and irrigation regimes on the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (фPSII), the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and the electron transfer rate (ETR) of Magnolia pugana seedlings that come from wild and cultivated plants