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Interaction between nestling behaviour and nest-space use Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Soňa Nuhlíčková; Ján Svetlík; Manfred Eckenfellner; Felix Knauer; Herbert Hoi
For most animals, the rearing environment is an important factor influencing early offspring development and behaviour. Also, in altricial birds, where the rearing environment (nest) is usually restricted, it is known that if sufficient nest space is provided, offspring show social interactions and a variety of other behaviours. In fact, the available nest space has been identified as an important
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How aggressive calls of a Neotropical treefrog vary among different levels of social tension? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Ana C. Brasileiro; Paulo Cascon; Daniel C. Passos
The treefrog Pithecopus nordestinus emits aggressive calls during agonistic interactions between males, but how these vocalizations vary between contexts with different levels of aggression remains unknown. Herein, we compared the acoustic parameters of aggressive calls emitted during physical disputes and out of fight contexts. The aggressive calls emitted during physical clashes (Fighting Calls)
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Faster transport through slower runs: ant relocation dynamics in nature Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Karunakaran Anoop; Ghosh Purbayan; Annagiri Sumana
Recruitment is a fundamental feature of animal societies and its efficiency largely depends on within-group communication. Insect societies are often populous and decentralised decisions need to be made by individuals with limited local information when time is of the essence. Recruitment of colony members to food, defence or to a new nest fall under this category. Colony relocation in tandem running
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Animal behaviour on the cover: layout cover patterns of ethological journals Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Andrea Costa; Sebastiano Salvidio
(2020). Animal behaviour on the cover: layout cover patterns of ethological journals. Ethology Ecology & Evolution. Ahead of Print.
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Grey wolf may show signs of self-awareness with the sniff test of self-recognition Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Roberto Cazzolla Gatti; Alena Velichevskaya; Benjamin Gottesman; Karen Davis
Although there are recent claims of a lack of evidence of self-consciousness in many tested species, the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror, which seems an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom, may not be the only way to check for animal self-awareness (i.e. the capacity to become the object of your own attention). A new testing approach, based on a different sensory modality (such
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Response to laboratory selection for darker and lighter body color phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster: correlated changes for larval behavioral traits Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-12-06 Divya Singh; Seema Ramniwas; Girish Kumar
Laboratory selection of stress-related traits in adult flies of Drosophila melanogaster has resulted in contrasting phenotypes but coevolution of larval traits has received lesser attention. The hypothesis whether laboratory selection of adult body melanization to derive dark and light body color lines exhibit covariation of larval behavioral traits of D. melanogaster was tested. The larvae of selected
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A long-term population study of the Eurasian griffon (Gyps fulvus) in Serbia before and following the establishment of a supplementary feeding program Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Saša Marinković; Irena Hribšek; Nikola Tatalović; Stefan Skorić
The Eurasian griffon population in Serbia declined throughout the 20th century from widespread to a rare species, counting a total of 14 detected pairs in two colonies in western Serbia in the 1990s. Although the conservation measures have been implemented since the 1970s, they have had little effect on the further population decline until the supplementary feeding program started in 1989. In this
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Bedding behavior in goitered gazelles Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 David A. Blank
Resting is an essential part of ungulate life that is very important for their comfort and welfare. The bed-site location is crucial for ungulate thermoregulation, concealment, and predation avoidance. The ground’s preparation of bed-sites before lying down allows ungulates to recover their energy in fairly comfortable conditions. The bedding behavior is a basic and common pattern in ungulates, but
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Urbanization levels are associated with the start of the dawn chorus in vermilion flycatchers in Colombia Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Katherin Sánchez-González; Oscar A. Aguirre-Obando; Alejandro A. Ríos-Chelén
Increased urbanization leads to the modification of animal behavior, including the start of the dawn chorus in birds. The beginning of the dawn chorus has been studied in relation to the level of urban noise and nocturnal artificial light in oscine birds, with few studies in suboscines. We evaluated a possible relationship between the start of the dawn chorus and different urbanization levels in a
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Testing coyotes in an object choice task following a human gesture Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Nathan Floyd; Julie K. Young
Interspecific communication is often studied by determining a species ability to respond to human gestures. Results emerging from pet versus free-roaming domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) elucidate differences in the behavioral changes that occur based on life experience and human socialization in the development of social cognition. Additional research on wild species of canids raised with minimal
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Microevolutionary change in mimicry? Potential erosion of rattling behaviour among nonvenomous snakes on islands lacking rattlesnakes Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Bradley C. Allf; Amanda M. Sparkman; David W. Pfennig
Batesian mimics – harmless species that converge on the warning signals of a dangerous species – are spectacular examples of adaptation, but few documented cases involve acoustic signals. Even fewer studies have documented microevolutionary change in mimicry of any kind. Here, we describe a potential evolutionary change in acoustic mimicry. Many nonvenomous snakes vibrate their tail tip when threatened
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The role of the antennae in the compass-based orientation of the equatorial sandhopper Talorchestia martensii Weber (Crustacea Amphipoda) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Alberto Ugolini; Annamaria Nistri; Paolo Agnelli; Alice Ciofini; David C. Wilcockson
The equatorial sandhopper Talorchestia martensii uses the sun, the moon and the natural magnetic field as orienting compass references. In some arthropod species, the antennae are important for time compensated solar orientation. Therefore, we evaluated the role of antennae in solar, lunar and magnetic compass orientation in T. martensii. We released intact and antennaeless individuals in a Plexiglas
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Carnivory in the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota): An underestimated phenomenon? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Christiane Böhm; Armin Landmann
Alpine marmots are thought to be herbivores but to be selective regarding food choice with focus on plant material rich in proteins and fatty acids. Carnivorism has been occasionally observed in Alpine marmots in captivity as well as in the wild but has been considered rare and opportunistic. Here we report additional cases from zoos and the wild which indicate that Alpine marmots not only readily
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Trunk structural complexity determines the diversity of bark-dwelling spiders in a tropical forest Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 German A. Villanueva-Bonilla; Yuri F. Messas; Hebert S. Souza; Marcelo O. Gonzaga; Antonio D. Brescovit; João Vasconcellos-Neto
Received 18 May 2020, accepted 9 September 2020 Complex environments often have diverse animal communities. The structural complexity of plants has been directly and indirectly responsible for the abundance and diversity of spiders, allowing the establishment of different types of webs and influencing prey availability. Piptadenia gonoacantha and Croton floribundus trees are native species of the Atlantic
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Invisible or fearless: tadpole response to predator cues depends on color Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Gabriela R. Melo; Mirco Solé; Paula C. Eterovick
Behavioral changes constitute a common response of aquatic animals to predator chemical and/or visual cues. Tadpoles frequently use such signals to evaluate predator presence/activity and, consequently, alter their own behavior to reduce detectability and susceptibility to predation. The present study aimed to test how tadpoles of Bokermannohyla martinsi and Ololygon machadoi respond to the presence
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Vocal activity of the Ferruginous pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) is strongly correlated with moon phase and nocturnal temperature Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 Cristian Pérez-Granados; Karl-L. Schuchmann; Marinez I. Marques
Bird vocal activity is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors. Owl surveys are mainly based on the detection of nocturnal calls, and therefore, the impact of exogenous factors on owls’ vocal activity may have consequences in conservation planning and behavioural studies. However, our current knowledge about the impact of climatic factors and the moon phase on owl calling behaviour is very limited
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Differential autumn migration between sex and age groups in the Western marsh harrier: a longitudinal pattern analysis Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Nicolantonio Agostini; Gianpasquale Chiatante; Giacomo Dell’Omo; Michele Panuccio
The Western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus is a partial migrant with populations breeding in eastern and northern Europe migrating south and wintering mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. During autumn migration harriers move on a broad front heading SW and undertaking long sea-crossings en route to their wintering quarters. However, a substantial proportion of birds, mostly juveniles and adult females
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Potential role of sensory bias in plumage pattern evolution: termite-eating and polka-dots in estrildid finches Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Ayumi Mizuno; Masayo Soma
Conspicuous colour patterns of animals, such as dots or stripes, can function as sexual and/or social signals. Their evolution is often explained by honest indicator mechanisms or the sensory exploitation hypothesis. In birds, however, the latter scenario has been scarcely tested. According to the sensory exploitation hypothesis, prey-like colour patterns can evolve when they contribute to attracting
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Female foraging impairment related to reproduction in a neotropical spider Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Pietro Pollo; Claudia S. Spindler; Luiz E. Costa-Schmidt
Females not only produce costly gametes, but also store the eggs until laying them, a period called gravidity. The volume that eggs occupy in the female abdomen may decrease female foraging ability by making them slower. Although females of all species are subjected to these potential costs, it remains an unexplored matter in invertebrates. Females of the spider Paratrechalea ornata carry their egg
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Male validation factor for three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) mate choice likely evolutionarily conserved since 50 thousand years Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 Christoph L. Gahr; Thomas Boehm; Manfred Milinski
During mate choice, three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) females make use of male olfactory cues to determine the suitability of potential mates in a species- and habitat-dependent manner. This signal contains peptides reflecting the individual male’s MHC profile and a so-called male validation factor (MVF) indicating the species identity of the sender. In a two-armed flow channel, we
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Female cuckoo calls elicit vigilance and escape responses from wild free-range chickens Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Xingyi Jiang; Changjie Zhang; Jianping Liu; Wei Liang
Mimicry is widespread in the animal kingdom. Parasitic cuckoos can reduce the risk of their offspring being rejected by employing morphological and egg mimicry. Female common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) can deceive their hosts by mimicking sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) calls, thus improving brood parasitism success. However, few experiments have confirmed the hypothesis that female cuckoos can successfully
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Has the indestructible insect met its match? Velvet ants as prey to bufonid toads Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Ciara J. Mergler; Brian G. Gall
Velvet ants are a group of parasitoid wasps that are well-known for a suite of defensive traits including bright coloration, a thick exoskeleton, and a painful sting. Previous experiments have demonstrated that while virtually all potential predators avoid velvet ants, toads (family Bufonidae) may be able to prey upon them. We conducted a series of trials to determine whether American (Anaxyrus americanus)
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Attacked from above and below: new ethological evidence on the predation strategies of corvid and varanid on a cave-roosting bat Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Krizler Cejuela Tanalgo; Norma Monfort; Alice Catherine Hughes
(2020). Attacked from above and below: new ethological evidence on the predation strategies of corvid and varanid on a cave-roosting bat. Ethology Ecology & Evolution: Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 596-610.
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Intra- and interspecific sexual isolation in two sibling species of Drosophila: D. ananassae and D. pallidosa Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Roshni Singh; Bashisth N. Singh
We tested intraspecific as well as interspecific sexual isolation in two sibling species of Drosophila: D. ananassae and D. pallidosa by the multiple-choice technique. The results indicate significant deviations from random mating in both intraspecific as well as interspecific crosses, which demonstrates the existence of strong sexual isolation. Differences in mating propensity in different strains
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Relation between sexual allometry and function in the sawfly Leseha vespa (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 William G. Eberhard
A recent theoretical model predicts that the allometries of structures under sexual selection vary according to their functions in sexual interactions. Structures that are specialized for exclusive use as courtship devices, and not as weapons or threat devices, were predicted to tend to show low allometric values. Detailed observations of behavior and morphological design in Leseha vespa indicated
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Hemoparasites and their relation to body condition and plumage coloration of the White-necked thrush (Turdus albicollis) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Gabriel Massaccesi De La Torre; Fernando Ferneda Freitas; Rafael De Oliveira Fratoni; André De Camargo Guaraldo; Daniela De Angeli Dutra; M. Braga; Lilian Tonelli Manica
Hemoparasites can affect wild birds in numerous ways, but the role of infection occurrence and intensity on bird physiology and morphology is still little known. Secondary sexual characters such as bird body size and plumage coloration are some of the traits which may indicate individual condition because they are negatively affected by parasites and thus ultimately influence mate choice. In this study
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Neoichnology: why should we care about peck marks and dust baths? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-06-26 ERIKA D. Brewer; Amanda R. Falk
(2021). Neoichnology: why should we care about peck marks and dust baths? Ethology Ecology & Evolution: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 90-97.
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Diel activity patterns and overlap between Eurasian red squirrels and Siberian chipmunks in native and introduced ranges Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 Alley Andreoni; Claudio Augugliaro; Rudy Zozzoli; Fabio Dartora; Emiliano Mori
Differential temporal behaviour promotes the coexistence of similar species, thus reducing interspecific competition. We investigated the overlap of activity patterns of invasive Siberian chipmunks Eutamias sibiricus and native Eurasian red squirrels Sciurus vulgaris in northeastern Italy; then, we compared our data with the activity of the same squirrel species in Mongolia, where both of them are
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Four new anuran defence behaviours observed in the cane toad Rhinella marina Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Lucas Ferrante; Thainá Najar; Igor L. Kaefer
Defensive behaviours are a prime strategy for animal survivorship. However, the diversity of defence displays still needs systematic studies, since most reports are based on opportunistic field observations. In this study, we explore the defensive behaviour of the cane toad, Rhinella marina, collecting data from 173 individuals. As a result, here we describe four new defensive behaviours for anurans
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Diet of terrestrial anurans in an ephemeral and simplified habitat during the dry season in the Brazilian Cerrado Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Reuber A. Brandão; Jéssica Fenker; Bruno E. Pires de Carmago Lopes; Vitor M. de Alcantara de Sena; Beatriz D. Vasconcelos
Amphibians often use ephemeral and simplified habitats during dry seasons in tropical biomes. These simplified habitats can have less prey available, but only a few studies focus on how their use affects frogs’ diet. Here we studied the diet of three terrestrial frogs (Adenomera sp., Ameerega berohoka, and Rhinella ocellata) at a riverbank exposed only during the dry season in the Brazilian Cerrado
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Seasonally variable effects of spiders on herbivory and seed production of Chamaecrista neesiana (Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 Ligia Aparecida Silva; João Vasconcellos-Neto; Kleber Del-Claro; Vanessa Stefani
Spiders are diverse and abundant predators on vegetation in all terrestrial ecosystems, but only a few studies have examined their role in modulating spider–herbivore interactions throughout the year. We tested the hypothesis that spiders may reduce herbivore abundance on vegetation, resulting in lower leaf area loss and increased fitness (seed set production) of plants studied. In the tropics, this
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Effects of floral display and abiotic environment on the foraging activity of bees on Kallstroemia pubescens (Zygophyllaceae) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Mario A. Sandoval-Molina; Nathalia A. Flórez-Gómez; Antar M. Pérez-Botello; Ismael A. Hinojosa-Díaz; Jessica M. Reyes-Tovar; Ricardo Ayala
Foraging activity of bees depends on a combination of their biology, floral traits attractive for bees and environmental factors. We carried out this study to determine whether the variation of floral aperture, floral display and environmental factors throughout the day influence the foraging activity and composition of bee visitors in Kallstroemia pubescens (G. Don) Dandy. This research was conducted
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Competitive pressure by territorials promotes the utilization of unusual food source by subordinate ants in temperate European woodlands Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Katalin Erős; István Maák; Bálint Markó; Hanna Babik; Piotr Ślipiński; Roxana Nicoară; Wojciech Czechowski
In the presence of territorial dominant ant species, lower-ranked ants change their foraging strategy by shifting their activity in time and space and by switching to suboptimal food sources. Although important for many insect species, pollen is a rarely used food source by ants. Occasional pollen consumption was demonstrated only in a handful of ant species that are mainly lower-ranked in the competitive
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Tolerant to humans? Assessment of alert and flight initiation distances of two bird species in relation to sex, flock size, and environmental characteristics Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 Michelle García-Arroyo; Ian MacGregor-Fors
Birds invest time and resources in escape behaviors, thus changing their foraging strategies, habitat selection, and even reproduction. Flight initiation distance (FID) and the distance at which birds detect a threat, alert distance (AD), have been used as indicators of the ability of birds to detect potential predators. In this study we compared the two aforementioned measures of risk reaction for
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Illuminating the nightlife of two Neotropical nightjars: vocal behavior over a year and monitoring recommendations Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 Cristian Pérez-Granados; Karl-L. Schuchmann
The ecology of tropical wildlife remains unknown for most nocturnal species owing to difficulties in performing night surveys. To improve our understanding of the ecology of nocturnal tropical birds, we monitored the calling activity of two Neotropical nightjars, the Little nightjar (Setopagis parvula) and the Common pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis), over an annual cycle at four sites in the Brazilian
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Acoustic analysis of wolf howls recorded in Apennine areas with different vegetation covers Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Claudia Russo; Francesca Cecchi; Marco Zaccaroni; Claudia Facchini; Paolo Bongi
In animal communication, acoustic signals can be used to census individuals as well as groups of individuals of the same species. The wolf (Canis lupus) is a protected species in Europe, and the study of its vocalizations may furnish information about its spatial distribution, reproductive success, and social behaviour. This study was conducted in seven locations of the Tuscan Apennines over 2 years
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Evaluating hypotheses for the function of the ‘hissing’ stridulation of sun spiders (Arachnida Solifugae) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2019-12-02 Thomas A. Stidham
(2020). Evaluating hypotheses for the function of the ‘hissing’ stridulation of sun spiders (Arachnida Solifugae) Ethology Ecology & Evolution: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 296-307.
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Immunity of honeybee guards reflects their transition from house bees to foragers Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-01-05 Federico Cappa; Iacopo Petrocelli; Alessandro Cini; Irene Pepiciello; Michele Giovannini; AnnaMarta Lazzeri; Brunella Perito; Stefano Turillazzi; Rita Cervo
Eusocial insect colonies represent some of the most extreme examples of specialized division of labor. Ageing in workers is often associated with a temporal polyethism in the tasks performed both inside and outside the colony. Such behavioral transition is sometimes linked to a gradual reduction in individual immunity. Here, we studied the immune ability of Apis mellifera guard bees, which represent
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Small mammal assemblages in land-reclaimed areas: do historical soil use changes and recent anthropisation affect their dominance structure? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2019-11-28 Corrado Battisti; Giuseppe Dodaro; Ermellina Di Bagno; Giovanni Amori
We report a case of structural oversimplification in a small mammal assemblage, indirectly obtained by owl pellets (central Italy), where mice (Rodentia Muridae) largely dominated both in abundance and biomass (about 95%). We hypothesise that this fact could be due to: (i) recent anthropisation, which induced both an expected increase of synanthropic generalist species (mice, Muridae) and a sharp reduction
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Cryptic massive nest colonisation by ants and termites in the world's largest leatherback turtle rookery Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-01-31 Maite Ikaran; Pierre D. Agamboué; Olivia Scholtz; Yves Braet; Brendan J. Godley; Adolfo Marco
Egg mortality is one of the main factors affecting life history and conservation of oviparous species. A massive and cryptic colonisation of many leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) eggs is presented in the most important rookery for the species in Gabon. A total of 163 nests were exhumed at Kingere beach, revealing that only 16.7% of eggs produced hatchlings. In the 59% of the nests, more than
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Ueno’s brown frog Rana uenoi indiscriminately ceases calling in the presence of daytime birds Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 Kyungmin Kim; Daniel Macias; Amaël Borzée; Yikweon Jang
Animals need to recognise predators to assess threats and adjust their behaviour accordingly. Acoustic cues produced to attract mates may also be intercepted by predators, and signallers can use both visual and acoustic cues to detect predators and initiate escape or defensive behaviours. Here, to test whether Ueno’s brown frogs (Rana uenoi) advertising during daytime are able to visually and aurally
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Burrowing owl nest distribution and density in relation to urban development Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-01-20 Alejandro V. Baladrón; Matilde Cavalli; Juan P. Isacch; María S. Bó
The effect of urbanization on birds typically has been evaluated through comparison of species composition between natural and urbanized habitats. However, few studies have examined the changes in species abundance as an urban area grows. During a 5-year period, we monitored two populations of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) nesting in separate urban areas with contrasting development and evaluated
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Behavioral repertoire of Kingsleya attenboroughi Pinheiro and Santana 2016 (Crustacea Brachyura) under laboratory conditions Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2019-11-27 Carlito A. Do Nascimento; Whandenson M. Do Nascimento; Lucineide Dos Santos Lima; Rayury S. De Macêdo; Francisco M. Alves Filho; Allysson P. Pinheiro
Freshwater crabs present cryptic habits and generally live in burrows, rocks and leaves among the vegetation, in streams or rivers. The behavior of Kingsleya attenboroughi, a recently discovered freshwater crab already at considerable risk of extinction, was investigated under laboratory conditions for 12 hr in a light/dark cycle. Nine K. attenboroughi behavioral acts were described in six distinct
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An experimental test of crocodilian stick-displaying behavior Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 Adam E. Rosenblatt; Alyssa Johnson
Tool use has been documented across a diverse array of animals; however, this behavior has received little attention in reptiles. Recently, researchers reported observations of two crocodilian species apparently using sticks as lures to aid in the capture of nesting birds, but the evidence for the behavior was anecdotal and correlative. To explore the behavior in a more controlled situation we designed
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Response to conspecific alarm cues by larval and juvenile spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2019-11-29 Katlyn M. Gardner; Robert L. Hunt; Alicia Mathis
For many species, the highest predation rates are on the earliest life stages, favoring the early development of predator detection mechanisms. Aquatic larvae of Spotted salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum, suffer very high mortality rates and juveniles are vulnerable to a new suite of terrestrial predators after metamorphosis. In some species, adult salamanders assess predation risk via chemical cues
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Ecological responses of two shrimp populations (Palaemonidae) to seasonal abiotic factor variations in a Brazilian semiarid reservoir Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 Isis C. De Lucena; Whandenson M. Do Nascimento; Allysson P. Pinheiro; Paulo Cascon
The objective of this study was to evaluate if seasonal abiotic factor variations (pluviosity, depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, hydrogen potential, ammonia and electrical conductivity) in a northeastern semiarid reservoir influence abundance and population structure variations in Palaemonidae Macrobrachium amazonicum and M. jelskii shrimp. Data were collected bimonthly from 30 reservoir sampling
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Nocturnal mother–juvenile offspring interaction at the beginning of the juvenile period in free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi): a report on two cases Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-03-30 Rosa M. Hidalgo-Aguirre; Manuel A. Cruz-Aguilar; Marisela Hernández-González; Miguel A. Guevara; Ma. de Jesús Rovirosa-Hernández
The objective of this study was to describe the nocturnal behavior patterns of the interaction between mothers and their juvenile offspring at the beginning of the juvenile period in two dyads of free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Based on direct field observation, we recorded six interaction behaviors between mothers and their juvenile offspring at nighttime and during the daylight period
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From the mountains to the sea! Unusual swimming behavior in chamois Rupicapra spp. Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-03-23 Krešimir Kavčić; Luca Corlatti; Oscar Rodriguez; Borna Kavčić; Nikica Šprem
The chamois is widely perceived as a strictly high-elevation ungulate, though its spatial behavior suggests fairly high phenotypic plasticity and long-range dispersal abilities. Here, we describe and discuss five events of ‘unconventional’ habitat use by chamois, i.e., individuals found swimming in the sea of Croatia and Spain, between 2004 and 2019. In four cases, sex, age, swimming distance and direction
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Strategic ejaculate adjustments and mismatches: are males paying sperm senescence costs? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 Martina Magris; Gianluca Chimetto; Andrea Pilastro
In many species, males show anticipatory plasticity for sperm production, which they adjust to match perceived mating opportunities. While the strategic adjustment of sperm production is likely to be beneficial, it may be also associated with costs, including those arising from the expression of a phenotype that is poorly matched to the conditions that males will subsequently experience. Mismatch costs
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Under what conditions is brood reduction effective? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Jong K. Lee; Ok-Sik Chung
Hatching asynchrony in birds occurs when incubation commences prior to clutch completion and results in broods containing different aged and sized nestlings. The brood reduction hypothesis predicts that hatching asynchrony is a strategy that facilitates the partial success of brood, as feeding to old and large nestlings which results in adaptive brood reduction under periods of food shortage. Using
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The role of dislodgement in the territorial ecology of the owl limpet, Lottia gigantea Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 Ryan T. Kabala; Natalie A. Swinford; Maria J. Mason; William G. Wright
Ascertaining the risks and benefits of different behaviors is a central goal of research on territoriality. Although most territorial behavior is ritualized, with concomitant reduced risks for both residents and intruders, this ritualization is generally found to be underpinned by rare, highly consequential, interactions. The agonistic behavior of the intertidal owl limpet, Lottia gigantea, involves
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Rats ejaculate prematurely and increase the sperm output during competitive mating Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Maria R. Fuentes-Morales; Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina; Alonso Fernández-Guasti; Yolanda Cruz; Rosa Angélica Lucio
Rats are gregarious and promiscuous and when a female enters the behavioral estrous, two or more males copulate alternately (mount, intromission or ejaculation are performed by any of them). This circumstance promotes male-male competition that in turns influences the copulatory behavior. Thus, olfactory and visual cues of rivals, in laboratory conditions, shorten the ejaculation latency. Other studies
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Is there an association between the ecological characteristics of anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and their extinction risk? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 Amanda G. Anjos; Renan N. Costa; Daniel Brito; Mirco Solé
Extinctions of anuran amphibians are more alarming compared to all other vertebrates. Several reports of declines come from Atlantic Forest, which currently holds only 1.62% of natural vegetation under full protection. However, despite this degradation, the Atlantic Forest still shelters a great diversity of anurans with a high diversity of specific ecological characteristics. Thus, our objective was
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Adaptations to prey base in the hypercarnivorous leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 Masumi Hisano; Chris Newman
Investigating biogeographical variations in diet composition can help understand the adaptability and generalism of species. Although the dietary adaptability of omnivorous mesocarnivores is well established, far less work has explored how more specialist hypercarnivores optimise their diets. By reviewing 11 studies of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), we quantitatively examined how dietary
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An Alpine ant's behavioural polymorphism: monogyny with and without internest aggression in Tetramorium alpestre. Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2018-04-24 Patrick Krapf,Lucia Russo,Wolfgang Arthofer,Markus Möst,Florian M Steiner,Birgit C Schlick-Steiner
Social structure influences animal societies on various levels (e.g., relatedness, behaviour). In ants, both the number of matings per queen and the number of queens per colony can vary strongly. While workers from both monogynous and polygynous colonies often fight fiercely, in supercolonies (an extreme form of polygyny comprising thousands of queens in spatially separated but interconnected nests)
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Adult age confounds estimates of static allometric slopes in a vertebrate. Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.022) Pub Date : 2016-01-19 R L Rodríguez,J D Cramer,C A Schmitt,T J Gaetano,J P Grobler,N B Freimer,T R Turner
In many animal groups, the size of male genitalia scales shallowly with individual body size. This widespread pattern appears to admit some exceptions. For instance, steep allometries have been reported for vertebrate genitalia. This exception, however, may be due to a confounding effect arising from the continued growth of some structures during adulthood in vertebrates. Consider the possibility that