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The effect of sex and mating opportunity on ecological immunity in Brood X cicadas Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Catherine M. Hord, Caleb C. Cummings, Frances Anagbonu, Susan N. Gershman
Seventeen-year periodical cicadas represent an extreme life history, with individuals spending 17 years as juveniles and less than 45 days as adults. The implications of this life history on invest...
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Foraging plasticity in Chilean flamingos: influence of water depth, food abundance and intra-flock distances Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Henrique C. Delfino, Caio J. Carlos
In a natural context, many avian species exhibit the ability to assess and balance factors such as food availability, food quality, and energy expenditure when making foraging decisions. However, a...
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Miniaturization as a relevant variable in determining cuteness Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Armando Simón
The question of what, exactly, makes a child “cute” began with paper, wherein he postulated a number of craniophysical traits which rendered a child “cute” with the resulting appeal and caretaking ...
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First breeding of Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in Sardinia and temporal and environmental factors affecting its frequentation of a supplementary feeding station Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Davide De Rosa, Jacopo Cerri, Ilaria Fozzi, Marco Muzzeddu, Dionigi Secci, Fiammetta Berlinguer
The Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, a medium-sized scavenging bird, is the most-threatened bird species in Italy, with only 10–12 breeding pairs in 2019 distributed in three regions of Sout...
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Domestic chicken hens can eavesdrop on the alarm calls of wild tits Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Li Zhang, Zihui Zhang, Wei Liang
Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm calls is common in nature, and successful eavesdropping on heterospecific call information can provide benefits to animal survival. Previous studies have shown...
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Assessment of wild prey of mammalian carnivores in Barda Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Mohan Ram, Aradhana Sahu, Nityanand Srivastava, Rohit Chaudhary, Lahar Jhala, Yashpal Zala
The Barda Wildlife Sanctuary (Barda WLS) is a semi-arid ecosystem that plays an important role in the conservation of mammalian carnivores. It is essential to evaluate the population of important w...
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An attempt to evidence post-fire adaptation of red fox diet in a Mediterranean area Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Benedetta Baldeschi, Orlando Tomassini, Gianni Bedini, Giulio Petroni, Dimitri Giunchi, Alessandro Massolo
Although fires are common in Mediterranean ecosystems, there are substantial knowledge gaps regarding post-fire shifts in animal diets, especially for carnivores. Red fox Vulpes vulpes is a general...
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Kinship influences the metamorphic traits of Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) larvae, in Central China Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Xiao L. Li, Hai B. Wang, Wen H. Shi, Tong L. Yu
Kin recognition has been selected by natural selection because it can enhance the chances of cooperation among close relatives, but it could also be an accidental consequence of other life-history ...
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Effects of metolachlor and fish cues on tadpole antipredator behaviors Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Daren A. Glore, Thomas M. Kay, Jess S. Michael, Justin M. To, Bradley E. Carlson
Antipredator behaviors are often crucial for animal survival. In environments impacted by humans, animals may be exposed to a wide array of chemical contaminants due to agriculture, industry, and o...
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Diet of the vulnerable White-browed guan Penelope jacucaca (Galliformes Cracidae) in two contrasting Caatinga fragments in Northeastern Brazil Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Tarcilla Valtuille, Flávio K. Ubaid, Renata Beco, Reuber A. Brandão
Diet studies of cracids have highlighted the group’s significance as seed dispersers and the impact of their disappearance from natural environments. However, the diet of Penelope jacucaca remains ...
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Social aggregation in the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Eleanor MacPhail, Murray Thomson
Social aggregative behaviour may have evolved in marine isopods to aid hunting, and help the animals protect themselves from predation. This social behaviour could have assisted some isopod species...
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Rates of male rivalry and mate choice vary with density and determine whether size-assortative mating is absent, positive, or negative in the clown weevil, Eudiagogus pulcher Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Denson K. McLain, Ann Pratt
At four sites in Texas, the density of the clown weevil, Eudiagogus pulcher, in stands of rattlebox, Sesbania drummondii, increased with proximity to water. Size-assortative mating (SAM) was negati...
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Lunar phase as a dynamic landscape of fear factor affecting elephant crop raiding potential Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Sophia C. Corde, R. Lynn Von Hagen, Simon Kasaine, Urbanus N. Mutwiwa, Bernard Amakobe, Mwangi Githiru, Bruce A. Schulte
Risk assessment relies on cost–benefit analysis by prey species in relation to predator behavior. The lunar cycle can have strong influences on the way that predator and prey species behave in thei...
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Evidence that wolves use cooperative ambush strategies to hunt beavers Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Thomas D. Gable, Austin T. Homkes, Steve K. Windels, Joseph K. Bump
Cooperative hunting can confer fitness benefits by increasing foraging efficiency. We documented a breeding pair of wolves in the Greater Voyageurs Ecosystem of Minnesota, USA that appeared to peri...
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Repertoire and vocal behaviour of the grey heron (Ardea cinerea) during the breeding season: a case study in the western Po Valley Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Federico Romani, Elena Ramella Levis, Gianni Pavan
The grey heron is an extensively studied and widely distributed colonial bird species in the Old World; however, relevant information on the role played by vocalisations during the life cycle of in...
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Food habits and characteristics of livestock depredation by leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in human dominated landscape of South Gujarat, India Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Mohamad Navaz Dahya, Rohit Chaudhary, Aadil Kazi, Alkesh Shah
Information on essential resource requirements and characteristics of livestock predation is crucial for formulating a better conservation strategy for leopards in a human-dominated landscape. We a...
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The delayed demographic responses of small mammals to habitat quality and density in the Brazilian Cerrado Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Rodrigo C. Rossi, Natália O. Leiner
Understanding the effects of exogenous and endogenous factors on species demographic rates is crucial to investigate their chances of persistence on natural ecosystems. We used a 9-year time series...
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The acoustic activity of Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura Leptodactylidae) is strongly influenced by climatic conditions, but not by latitude or landscape metrics Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Bruno B. Bittar, Matheus S. Lima-Ribeiro, Wilian Vaz-Silva, Carolina E. Santos, Roniel Freitas-Oliveira, Tainã L. Andreani, Seixas R. Oliveira, Alessandro R. Morais
Understanding the factors that influence acoustic activity of anuran species is essential for proper species management and herein, we investigated the influence of landscape metrics (% native vege...
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Sleeping behavior of the wild François’ langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in Mayanghe Nature Reserve, China Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Jialiang Han, Qixian Zou, Xin Dong, Bingnan Dong, Wenke Bai
Sleeping behavior is one of the most important components of primate socio-ecology, which can provide valuable insight for social relationships and their influencing factors. In this study, we obse...
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Do pied tamarins increase scent-marking in response to urban noise? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Tainara V. Sobroza, Jacob C. Dunn, Marcelo Gordo, Adrian A. Barnett
Sounds produced by human activities are often loud and may mask acoustic signals used by other species for communication. To circumvent this, some animals use various strategies, including shifting...
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Unraveling the mating system of the burrowing shrimp Lepidophthalmus siriboia (Decapoda Callichiridae) based on life history traits Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Patricio Hernáez, Anthony Forbes, Paulo R.C.M. de Souza, Jesser F. Souza-Filho
Natural history studies are important in helping to understand the origin and evolution of social organization as well as the evolution of specialized morphological structures linked to mating beha...
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An assessment of learning modalities in wild-caught freshwater flatworms (Dugesia tigrina) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Kasey J. Watterson, Olivia M. Waldridge, Katelyn M. Enginger, Cassie M. Winn, Brian G. Gall
An organism’s ability to learn characteristics of its environment in the presence or absence of certain stimuli is a vital aspect of its survival. However, the level at which certain species can learn is thought to vary along the phylogenic tree. We assess free living freshwater flatworms (Dugesia tigrina) ability to learn via classical and operant conditioning. Flatworms’ ability to learn via classical
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Adoption and foster parenting: an evolutionary enigma? Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Sidhant Jain, Mallikarjun N. Shakarad
Adoption and foster care posits itself as an evolutionary paradox, especially when there is no kinship involved. Adopting non-related eggs or infants proximately comes with a cost in the form of sh...
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Snake-like hissing calls made by nestlings of the open nesting zitting cisticola Cisticola juncidis Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Clive R. Barlow, Jianping Liu, Canwei Xia, Wei Liang
Mimicry is widespread in the animal kingdom, with sound/or acoustic mimicry remaining less studied than visual mimicry. Some incubating female birds in cavity nests emit a hissing call when encount...
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Dietary habits of the European brown hare: summary of knowledge and management relapses Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Francesco Santilli, Andrea Viviano, Emiliano Mori
Assessing the nutritional needs and food preferences of animal species is important to design appropriate habitat improvement actions, in particular in agricultural environments. The European brown...
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Mating and post-hibernation ovarian development in stylopized and non-stylopized queens of the hornet Vespa analis (Hymenoptera Vespidae) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-28 Kazuyuki Kudô, Wataru Oyaizu, Rikako Kusama, Kohei Yamagishi, Yuki Yamaguchi, Shinsaku Koji
In social insects, post-hibernation queens of independent-founding species (e.g. bumble bees, some ants and wasps) need to overcome various difficulties for survival and reproduction during the ini...
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Nesting behaviour of short-toed eagles (Circaetus gallicus) in central Italy, as revealed by nest cameras Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Federico Cauli, Paolo Audisio, Luigi Marozza, Francesco Petretti, Alberto Sorace
During 2021, from 1 March to 31 August, we used camera-traps to monitor two short-toed eagle pairs in the Tolfa hills (Latium, central Italy) with the intention of observing differences in behaviou...
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Nothing like home: most males of Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura Centrolenidae) exhibit homing to calling site despite the availability of alternative suitable sites for calling and mating Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Daniela A. Gómez-Murcia, María del M. Bedoya-Ospina, Luisa F. Arcila-Pérez, Fernando Vargas-Salinas
Anurans that congregate to breed alongside streams are good models to answer questions about homing decisions. Specifically, they allow us to document if individuals prefer to return to their origi...
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Water visitation patterns by Eleonora’s falcon at its breeding grounds: a case study using visual observations and camera traps Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Christina Kassara, Kyriaki Bairaktaridou, Maria Maximiadi, Triantafyllos Akriotis, Sinos Giokas, Basil E. Psiloglou, Christos Barboutis
Water is a vital resource providing multiple services to many organisms, including birds. Eleonora’s falcon is an iconic, long-distance migrant bird of the Palearctic region. While various aspects ...
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Testosterone treatment unveils testosterone-insensitive song in an early-branched hummingbird Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Amanda Monte, Albertine Leitão, Carolina Frankl-Vilches, Rodrigo da Silva Matos, Monika Trappschuh, Maria L. da Silva, Manfred Gahr
Birdsong often plays a crucial role in sexual behavior, including territorial defense and mate attraction. This behavior is particularly well studied in species in which only males sing and respond...
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The white-browed laughingthrush (Pterorhinus sannio) did not pass the mirror self-recognition test Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-07 Yan Zhang, Liqiong Yang, Peter Pohl, Fan Xu, Fangfang Liu
Self-awareness is an important concept in discussions of consciousness that has received increasing attention. To our knowledge, mirror self-recognition and self-awareness has not been studied in t...
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Mirror responses in African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) support the gradualist perspective on mirror self-recognition Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Yi Lin, Enle Pei, Qunxiu Liu, Jun Ma, Endi Zhang, Junyi Zhao, Min Chen
So far, only a handful of species have successfully passed the mirror test, showing the mirror self-recognition ability. Birds that have been claimed to show this ability are all corvids. In this s...
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A delicate balance: wolves exploiting dogs’ predation attempts in central Italy Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 Gianluca Damiani
Published in Ethology Ecology & Evolution (Vol. 35, No. 6, 2023)
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Phylogeographic investigation of the bladder grasshopper Bullacris unicolor (Orthoptera Pneumoroidea) in South Africa Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-23 Rekha Sathyan, Adriaan Engelbrecht, Vanessa C.K. Couldridge
There are several factors, such as genetic drift, gene flow and migration that affect the population genetic structure and phylogeographic distribution of genetic lineages within single species. Previous studies of the bladder grasshoppers, Bullacris unicolor of South Africa, showed divergence in mitochondrial CO1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) haplotype diversity and significant genetic structure
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Body colour adjustment of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii (Miers 1877) in different background colours Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-19 Juliana G. Araújo, Whandenson M. Nascimento, Paulo H.P. Nobre, Carlos A.M. Martins, Carlito A. Nascimento, Allysson P. Pinheiro
The body colour variation in response to different background colours is associated with camouflage, increasing efficiency against predation. In our study, we investigated the body colour variation...
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See you in spring: overwinter survival is higher than post summer in the Alpine marmot Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-09 Caterina Ferrari, Jacopo Cerri, Antonio Rolando, Bruno Bassano, Achaz von Hardenberg, Sandro Bertolino
Animal species living in highly seasonal environments developed different strategies to cope with the periodical drastic change of environmental conditions. Hibernating mammals survive the winter season by reducing their activity and metabolism, and by centring their activities during the favourable season. Thus, the demography of these species depends upon both hibernating and active periods. In this
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Offspring mortality factors and parental care efficiency of the spider Manogea porracea (Araneidae) in the Brazilian savanna Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-06 Adilson Quero, Marcelo O. Gonzaga, João Vasconcellos-Neto, Rafael R. Moura
The expressions of parental care can vary in space and time because factors driving offspring mortality depend on variable abiotic and biotic conditions. Manogea porracea is a spider that exhibits biparental care and widespread distribution in the Neotropical region. Parents can protect their offspring against abiotic conditions that may damage their webs, or compromise their egg sacs, and against
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Juveniles are different: substrate selection in juvenile green lizards Lacerta bilineata Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-28 Roger Meek, Luca Luiselli
The relationship between a reptile and its thermal environment is a key feature of habitat use, which may be impacted by, among others, the requirements for food, avoidance of competitors and preda...
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Jungle cat (Felis chaus) in farmlands: potential benefits of coexistence and human-wildlife conflicts in West Bengal, India Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-28 Santanu Mahato, Tanmoy Ghosh, Shuvra K. Sinha, Kranti Yardi, Erach Bharucha
Human-wildlife coexistence has increasingly been known for providing diverse ecological services to humans. However, the global repercussions of the Anthropocene epoch have changed the status and future of human-wildlife relationships. In this paper, we shed light on the significance of a positive attitude towards sharing space with animals in identifying and managing both conflict and ecological aspects
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The functional morphology of species-specific male structures and lack of female coevolution in Lytta (Adicolytta) eucera (Chevrolat 1834) (Coleoptera Meloidae) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 William G. Eberhard
Possible functions of several species-specific, sexually dimorphic male structures and of the male genitalia of Lytta eucera were deduced from observations of behaviour in the field and captivity, and were used to test theories of sexual selection. The male rubbed and tapped on the female’s antennae with sexually dimorphic segments of his antennae, and on her elytra with brushes of setae on his hind
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Association patterns in a high-elevation chimpanzee community in Rwanda Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-20 Cyril C. Grueter, Amanda R. Ridley, Beth A. Kaplin, Jaya K. Matthews
Investment in social interaction and affiliative behaviour is often related to variation in sex-specific dispersal patterns among species but can also vary within species in response to local environmental conditions and feeding competition. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) association patterns have been studied primarily in low and mid-elevation tropical forests. This study adds to our understanding of
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Unilateral hippocampal lesions and the navigational performance of homing pigeons as revealed by GPS-tracking Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Anna Gagliardo, Enrica Pollonara, Giovanni Casini, Verner P. Bingman
The left and right hippocampal formation (HF) of the avian brain have been reported to control some different aspects of homing in pigeons. In the current study, we employed GPS-tracking technology and unilateral HF lesions to further explore what if any aspects of a pigeon’s homing flight might be under dominant control by either the left or right HF. Pigeons were released from three locations prior
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Microhabitat use and selection by Pristidactylus scapulatus (Squamata Leiosauridae) in the Puna region of the Central Andes in Argentina Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-18 Franco M. Valdez Ovallez, Ana Victorica Erostarbe, Rodrigo Nieva Cocilio, Rodrigo Gómez Alés, Ruben Fernández, Rodrigo Acosta, Graciela Blanco, Juan C. Acosta, Lucas Corrales
Understanding a species use of space is important as it provides information about the potential resources available in its habitat. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use and selection of microhabitat as it relates to availability for Pristidactylus scapulatus in the Puna region of the Central Andes in Argentina. The work was carried out at Quebrada de La Puerta in the province of San
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Possible impact of winter conditions and summer temperature on bank vole (Myodes glareolus) population fluctuations in Central Norway Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-10 Ole J. Sørensen, Pål F. Moa, Bjørn-Roar Hagen, Vidar Selås
In recent decades, population fluctuations of microtine rodents have frequently faded out in parts of northern Europe, possibly because of climate change. Weather events may affect the rodents directly, but also indirectly, by acting on factors that generate population fluctuations. However, few studies have addressed the latter aspect. A species well suited for such a study is the bank vole (Myodes
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Living in a mosaic of Brazilian Atlantic Forest and plantations: spatial ecology of five bushmaster Lachesis muta (Viperidae Crotalinae) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-07 Diego F. Padrón, Konrad Mebert, Daniela Pareja-Mejía, Arthur Bauer, Laise D. Fernandes Vasconcelos, Diego Correia, Gastón A. Fernandez Giné, Mirco Solé
This is the first multiple months study on home range and habitat use by a small group of bushmaster (Lachesis spp.). Five snakes (natives and translocated) were intensively radio tracked in a mosaic of plantations and small fragments of Atlantic Forest in the Reserva Ecologica Michelin in Bahia, Brazil. The average home range was 9.47 ha (MCP 95%) and 44.11 (Kernel 95%) for bushmasters tracked for
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Sperm length variation is linked to sexual ornamentation in male paper wasps Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 André R. de Souza, Eduardo F. Santos, Camila F. Baptista, Glenda Dias, Fábio S. Nascimento, José Lino-Neto
Diversification of sperm design is a common feature in animals. Considerable intra-individual variation has been detected even in species whose males produce a monomorphic sperm. The evolutionary forces that shape the variation in the gross morphology of these gametic cells are still not completely understood. Previous studies suggest that the intra-individual variation in sperm size reduces as a result
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Foraging behaviour of an omnivorous bird varies in mixed-species groups Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-27 Pedro Diniz, José F.M. Valls, Desirée M. Ramos
In mixed-species groups (MSGs), individuals from different species may locate and communicate about the presence of predators and prey quickly and accurately but may compete for food and favourable positions in the flock. Thus, foraging behaviour is likely to change when individuals participate in MSGs compared with single-species groups (SSGs). In a highly seasonal tropical environment, the foraging
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Escaping from predators: a review of Neotropical lizards defence traits Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-09 Rogério B. Miranda, Julia Klaczko, João F.R. Tonini, Reuber Albuquerque Brandão
Lizards are commonly preyed by a great variety of predators, including vertebrates and invertebrates. Therefore, it is expected that lizards have developed a wide range of antipredator traits, increasing their chances of successful survival during agonistic events. Defence against predation involves two levels of behavioural strategies, commonly named primary and secondary defence traits. Primary defences
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Actual versus counterfactual fitness consequences of dispersal decisions in a cooperative breeder Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-13 Roni Ostreiher, Roger Mundry, Aviad Heifetz
In many species, dispersal from the natal group is crucial for reproduction. However, venturing into a new territory and integrating into a novel social environment is associated with risks and costs. In cooperatively breeding species, moreover, an individual’s prospects of future reproduction upon dispersal or upon remaining in the natal group might crucially depend on other group members’ concurrent
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Reaching versus catching: flexible hand preference in ring-tailed lemurs Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 Alberto Zonato, Anna Gagliardo, Francesca Bandoli, Elisabetta Palagi
Compared to other primate taxa, hand preference in strepsirrhines has been poorly investigated and the available studies have often produced conflicting results. Thanks to their remarkable plasticity in foraging and postural habits, ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) represent a key model species to examine manual lateralisation. We video-recorded 23 individuals hosted at four Italian zoological gardens
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Foraging success is differently affected by local climate in two syntopic forest-dwelling salamanders Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Giacomo Rosa, Mattia Bosio, Sebastiano Salvidio, Andrea Costa
Amphibians are small ectothermic vertebrates with high permeable skins that are highly constrained by environmental conditions, such as humidity and temperature. Therefore, terrestrial salamanders regulate their surface activity, including foraging, to minimize evaporative water loss. The influence of local micro-climatic factors on the foraging success of European forest dwelling salamanders has rarely
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Site fidelity and determinants of wintering decisions in the Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-05 Anastasios Bounas, Giorgos Catsadorakis, Theodoros Naziridis, Taulant Bino, Dionyssia Hatzilacou, Myrsini Malakou, Ortaç Onmus, Mehmet Siki, Pavel Simeonov, Alain J Crivelli
Wintering site selection is a major decision in a bird’s annual life cycle since conditions experienced by individuals within a wintering site can influence individual fitness and ultimately population dynamics. If individuals show strong fidelity to specific sites, annual environmental effects can be reinforced. In this study we analyse winter resightings of ringed Dalmatian pelicans, collected during
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Alarm reaction depends on multiple chemical cues in tadpoles of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 Mahima Hemnani, Izabela S. Campos Guimarães, Igor L. Kaefer, Tiago H. da Silva Pires
Early detection of predators is fundamental for the survival of the prey. Predator detection can occur by perception of the chemical substances released by predators or injured conspecifics, granting prey the opportunity to avoid the attack. However, overreacting to cues can generate false alarm reactions that result in fruitless energetic costs. Given that chemical cues in natural habitats rarely
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Random mating and the lack of sex-biased kin clustering in an island population of the bull-headed shrike, Lanius bucephalus Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-10 Fumiaki Y. Nomano, Shin Matsui, Mariko Senda, Yuko Tsuchiya, Masaoki Takagi
The encounter with relatives at the time of mating can be reduced if one or both sexes breed away from the natal site, and it is often assumed that this occurs to a lesser extent on islands where only short dispersal is possible. However, endemic insular populations may have evolved fine-tuned dispersal patterns enabling effective avoidance of inbreeding even in a small habitat, and the influence of
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The defense repertoire of males of Leptodactylus vastus Lutz 1930 in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-05-04 José R. de Oliveira-Santos, Regina C. Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo, Geraldo J. Barbosa de Moura
Anurans present different defence mechanisms against predator attacks. There are more than 30 defence strategies that these animals can display in the different environments where they can be preyed upon. We analysed the defence repertoire of the species Leptodactylus vastus Lutz 1930, including the male distress call and its intra and interindividual coefficients of variation. We carried out this
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Copulatory behaviour and seminal parameters of rapid ejaculator rats during competition and female pacing Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 María R. Fuentes-Morales, Alonso Fernández-Guasti, Margarita Juárez, Rosa A. Lucio
Axioms of sperm competition theory (risk and intensity model) predict that males increase sperm expenditure when ongoing competitive copulating encounters with other males. Particularly, the intensity model that considers a real male confrontation has not been experimentally tested in laboratory rats. Furthermore, no study has explored the active role of the female (that occurs in natural conditions)
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The limits of olfactory perception in black vultures: a field experiment Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 Larissa H. Santos, Carlos D. Santos, Maria L. Da Silva
New World vultures have been considerably studied regarding their sense of smell. Cathartes species present a remarkable development of their olfactory apparatus, and experiments conducted with the turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) demonstrated that they can locate carrion exclusively by smell at considerable distances. Black vultures (Coragyps atratus), because of their less developed olfactory apparatus
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Sex and the patch: the influence of habitat fragmentation on terrestrial vertebrates’ mating strategies Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Silvia Giuntini, Luca Pedruzzi
The concept of mating systems refers to all the strategies through which animals interact in the context of breeding. Animal social interactions, and consequently their mating strategies, are strongly influenced by landscape configuration, including anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. Despite this holding the potential to impact both genetic viability and animal behaviour, an updated and comprehensive
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The role of epigynal setae in mate choice in the orb-weaver Leucauge argyra Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Linda Hernandez Duran, Gilbert Barrantes
Male and female genital morphology may have strong effects on fitness in spiders. Females of some species of Leucauge produce mating plugs that partially or totally block the entrances to their insemination ducts on the epigynum, forming barriers that reduce the probabilities of future inseminations. While in some species both females and males participate in plug formation, the mating plugs in L.
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Interacting primates: the biological roots of human communication Explor. Geophys. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Elisa Demuru, Cristina Giacoma
(2022). Interacting primates: the biological roots of human communication. Ethology Ecology & Evolution: Vol. 34, Interacting primates: the biological roots of human communication, pp. 201-204.