Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and development of crops. The primary effect of drought is the alteration of water and nutrient uptake and transport by roots, related essentially with aquaporins and ion transporters of the plasma membrane. Therefore, the efficiency of water and nutrient transport across cell layers is a main factor in tolerance mechanisms. The

Green revolution has boosted crop yields by the development of varieties which rely on high fertilizer application. Since then, higher productivity has largely witnessed excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application resulting in many environmentally and agronomically unsustainable consequences. One possible solution to this problem is to develop varieties with efficient N use endowed with genetically

Potassium (K) is the most vital and abundant macro element for the overall growth of plants and its deficiency or, excess concentration results in many diseases in plants. It is involved in regulation of many crucial roles in plant development. Depending on soil-root interactions, complex soil dynamics often results in unpredictable availability of the elements. Based on the importance index, K is

Haloxylon salicornicum is a xero-halophyte which grow predominantly in dry saline areas. However, the proteomic approach for revealing the regulatory network involved in salt adaptation of this important xerohalophyte has not been studied so far. In the present investigation, the label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was carried out in shoot of H. salicornicum to get an insight into the functional

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus causing severe infection in infants and the elderly. Various approaches are being used to develop an effective RSV vaccine. The RSV fusion (F) subunit, particularly the cleaved trimeric pre-fusion F, is one of the most promising vaccine candidates under development. The pre-fusion conformation elicits the majority of neutralizing antibodies

The fermentative production of biobased chemicals and polymers using crude lignocellulose hydrolysates is challenging due to the presence of various inhibitory compounds and multiple sugars. This study evaluates the metabolic response of Actinobacillus succinogenes for the production of succinic acid using spent sulphite liquor (SSL) as feedstock derived from industrial acidic sulphite pulping of Eucalyptus

Eggshell membrane, an eco-compatible, safe and cheap by-product was employed as carrier for the laccase from Trametes versicolor immobilization. In order to evaluate the best protocol to apply for the syringic acid degradation, two different types of laccase loading on eggshell membrane were used by incubation in solution or by enzyme-dropping. Chemicals (covalent) and physicals (adsorption) immobilizations

The objective of the present investigation was to understand the impact of exogenously applied melatonin on mitochondrial respiration and sugar metabolism in two contrasting rice cultivars, viz., Khitish (arsenic-susceptible) and Muktashri (arsenic-tolerant) under arsenic-stress. Melatonin effectively restored the level of organic acids like pyruvic acid, malic acid and more particularly citric acid

Protein topology engineering has emerged as a new dimension to alter protein stability and function. Inspired by the art of nature, where backbone cyclization is frequently adopted to enhance the stability of natural peptide products and thermostable enzymes; herein, we report protein topology engineering of an industrial thermolabile gamma lactamase via catenation. Two different protein catenanes

The growing need for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) necessitates the development of novel and efficient production approaches. Regulatory elements like ubiquitous chromatin-opening elements (UCOEs) have been employed for improvement of the mAb expression in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. SINEUPs are a class of long non-coding RNAs, which can improve the translation of partly overlapping mRNAs

Claviceps purpurea is a filamentous fungus well known as a widespread plant pathogen, but it is also an important ergot alkaloid producer exploited by the pharmaceutic industry. In this work, we demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 can be a tool for directed mutagenesis in C. purpurea targeting pyr4 and TrpE genes encoding the orotidine 5´-phosphate decarboxylase involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis and the

Citrus canker is a major disease caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri. Snakin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide, which was previously shown to be effective against different bacterial and fungal diseases in potato, wheat and lettuce when expressed in transgenic plants. We generated transgenic Citrange Troyer citrus rootstocks constitutively expressing this peptide and 5 different transgenic lines were

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a deciduous tree, is well known for its medicinal and nutritional values. Being an extremophile, it has an excellent capability to survive under arid conditions with limited water availability. In this regard, studying the role of water transport regulating proteins such as Aquaporins (AQPs) in jujube is of great importance. Aquaporins, channel-forming proteins are known

We describe here a vector construct to establish homogeneous cell populations expressing a recombinant gene of interest (GOI) at tuneable levels, including low expression levels that are difficult to generate using standard cell line development techniques. This is achieved using a tricistronic mRNA that contains an open reading frame for the gene of interest, a first internal ribosome entry site (IRES)

Lipid hyperaccumulation in oleaginous microorganisms is generally induced by nitrogen limitation, while oxygen supply can influence biomass growth and cell metabolism. Although strategies based on nitrogen limitation or oxygen control have been extensively explored and applied in various oleaginous microorganisms, the role of oxygen supply in nitrogen limitation induced lipid hyperaccumulation still

(S)-2-chlorophenylglycine methyl ester ((S)-1) is a key chiral building block of clopidogrel, which is a widely administered antiaggregatory and antithrombotic drug. Herein, Protease 6SD was covalently immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and the as-prepared immobilizate [email protected]2-MWCNT was applied in the enantioselective resolution of (R,S)-1 to yield (S)-1. In order to overcome

Conjugation of protein therapeutics with polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to increase their therapeutic efficiency. However, manufacturing of PEGylated drugs requires an additional, carefully controlled reaction step after purifying the protein, followed by further purification of over- and under-PEGylated variants. In this work, we have used a combined spectroscopic and statistical

A Tetraselmis sp. was selected for its antioxidant activity owing to its high lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity. With the aim to monitor culture conditions to improve antioxidant activity, effects of CO2-induced acidification on Tetraselmis growth, elemental composition, photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant activity were determined. Two pH values were tested (6.5 and 8.5) in batch and continuous

In this study, mix-culture fermentation (MF) with M. anka, S. cerevisiae and B. subtilis to regulate phenolic release in corn seeds was investigated. Results showed the adding strategy of S. cerevisiae and B. subtilis significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the total phenolic content (TPC) of corn seeds, and the highest TPC in MF was 22.56-fold rise than that of unfermented control. Moreover, the phenolic

The enantioselective synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols is an intriguing field because of the broad applicability of these molecules. Although, butandiol dehydrogenases are known to play a key role in the production of 2,3-butandiol, their potential as biocatalysts is still not well studied. Here, we investigate the biocatalytic properties of the meso-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus

Many researchers have limited access to fully equipped laboratory-scale batch bioreactors and chemostats due to their relatively high cost. This becomes particularly prohibitive when multiple replicas of the same experiment are required, but not enough bioreactors are available to operate simultaneously. Additionally, experiments using shaken flasks are common but show significant limitations in terms

The bacterial enzyme chondroitinase ABC, which digests extracellular chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, has been shown to enhance axonal regeneration. However, the utilization of this enzyme as therapeutics is notably restricted due to its thermal instability. Therefore, red luminescent porous silicon that hold promise for potential applications in biological/medical imaging was used as a carrying

The versatility of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas (CRISPR/Cas) genome editing tool ushered biologists into an exciting era of editing genomes with great efficiency and at a pace that was never imagined before. Though the CRISPR/Cas genome editing was developed after Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), it is more popular

The semi-synthetic antibiotic dalbavancin is clinically used in the treatment of severe infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-positive pathogens. So far, fermentation has still been the only approach for the production of A40926 in the industrial scale, which is used as the precursor of dalbavancin and biosynthesized by the rare actinomycete Nonomuraea gerenzanensis (N. gerenzanensis). Therefore

Palladium (Pd) is commonly used as a catalyst for automobiles and electronic devices, and a reliable source of Pd is required for continued commercial applications. Biomineralization has attracted attention as an inexpensive and eco-friendly recycling approach for a continued supply of Pd. Escherichia coli is one of the best hosts for collecting Pd because it grows rapidly and requires an inexpensive

Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol, which imparts floral scents to a variety of plants and is extensively used in various kinds of products, such as processed foods and beverages for fragrances and flavors. However, linalool from natural resources is racemate, and production of linalool enantiomers is difficult. To produce stereospecific linalool, we evaluated linalool synthase genes (LINS) from plants

The genus Brassica, family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), comprises many important species of oil crops, vegetables and medicinal plants including B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. nigra, B. napus, B. juncea, B. carinata. Genomic researches in Brassica species is constrained by polyploidization, mainly due to its complicated genomic structure. However, rapid development of methods for detecting single nucleotide

Deracemization of D,L-phosphinothricin (D,L-PPT) is one of the most promising routes for preparation of optically pure L-PPT. In this work, an efficient multi-enzyme redox cascade was developed for deracemization of D,L-PPT, which includes oxidative reaction and reductive reaction. The oxidative reaction catalyzing oxidative deamination of D-PPT to 2-oxo-4-[(hydroxy)(-methyl)phosphinyl]butyric acid

Background Earlier studies have attempted to create electronic free insulin delivery systems using different glucose sensing mechanism, no successful clinical translation as hitherto been made. This study aimed to assess the faster responsiveness of the insulin release from this enzyme based nanoparticles which is a self-regulated insulin delivery system constructed by loading with insulin, enzyme

Suspensions of pea protein enriched flour (PP) inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 and uninoculated PP suspensions were incubated in vials covered with airtight caps. Organic compound compositions of fermented and unfermented PP suspensions (F-PP and U-PP, respectively) were analyzed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography – mass-spectrometry (GCMS)

Nanobiotechnological improvements defined on the utilization of biological materials and principles have enormously partaken to revolutionize physical, chemical, and biological sciences. However, the exploration of plant nanobiotechnology is still in its outset. The search for novel tools to monitor plant biomolecules is an emerging issue for the nanobiotechnologists. Given this, a genetically encoded

Heavy metal pollution seriously impairs crop production and poses serious concerns for human health. Exogenous application of biomolecules has been efficiently tested for enhancing plant resistance to metal toxicity. Current study evaluates the possible effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in Brassica juncea L. seedlings subjected to lead (Pb) stress. Our results showed that shoot length, root length

The conversion of low value-added phytosterols into 9α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9-OHAD) by mycobacteria is an important step in the steroid pharmaceutical industry. However, the highly dense cell envelope with extremely low permeability largely affects the overall transformation efficiency. Here, we preliminarily located the key gene embC required for the synthesis of lipoarabinomannan from

1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is a valuable compound with a large potential market in many industries. This study aimed to evaluate the abilities of the Psychrophile-based Simple bioCatalyst (PSCat) reaction system to biosynthesize 1,3-PDO. This biocatalyst has a potential platform that replaces the chemical-based production counterparts. The two genes involved in the metabolic pathway were expressed both

Mammalian cells have become the predominant expression system for the production of biopharmaceuticals due to their capabilities in posttranslational modifications. In recent years, the efficacy of these production processes has increased significantly through technical improvements. However, the state of the art in the development of producer cell lines includes many manual steps and is as such very

Among various in vitro plant culture systems, hairy root systems seem to be one of the most appealing methods of recombinant protein production due to their advantages in combining both whole-plant cultivation and suspension cell culture platform. This is a report on production and secretion of a recombinant pharmaceutically active protein from hairy roots cultures of Withania somnifera to improve

Bioavailable glutamine (Gln) is critical for metabolism, intestinal health, immune function, and cell signaling. Routine measurement of serum Gln concentrations could facilitate improved diagnosis and treatment of severe infections, anorexia nervosa, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and cancer. Current methods for quantifying tissue Gln concentrations rely mainly on HPLC, which requires extensive

Algal biofuels are a promising alternative to fossil fuels, but their widespread use is hindered by problems with mass production. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with specific light wavelengths could be used as an energy source for algal growth and lipid synthesis. In this study, the effects of light source on the biomass and lipid production of the aerial microalga Coccomyxa sp. KGU-D001 were evaluated

The study aims at investigating the efficacy of individual as well as combined application of AM fungi (Glomus macrocarpum) and ZnO nanoparticles on the uptake of lead and its toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The plants were grown in pots with different treatments of AM Fungi, ZnO NP, and Pb. The individual applications of AM fungi (Glomus macrocarpum) and ZnO NPs increased the growth and

p-Benzoquinone (BQ) is a lignin-derived inhibitor to microbial strains. Unlike the furan inhibitors, p-benzoquinone is recalcitrant to traditional detoxification methods. This study shows a biological degradation of p-benzoquinone and a simultaneous D-lactic acid fermentation by an engineered Pediococcus acidilactici strain. The overexpression of an oxidoreductase gene ZMO1116 from Zymomonas mobilis

The large demand for safe and efficient viral vector-based vaccines and gene therapies against both inherited and acquired diseases accelerates the development of viral vectors. One outstanding example, the Orf virus, has a wide range of applications, a superior efficacy and an excellent safety profile combined with a reduced pathogenicity compared to other viral vectors. However, besides these favorable

The biocatalytic oxidation of amino acids represents an attractive approach towards the synthesis of α-keto acids, which are interest for various industrial applications. As l-amino acids are readily available from fermentation processes, these natural amino acids can serve as substrates in combination with an l-amino acid oxidase. Besides an aqueous phase as reaction medium, a further advantage of

In this study, the factors affecting lipase adsorption onto SiO2 nanoparticles including SiO2 nanoparticles amounts (8, 19 and 30 mg/ml), lipase concentrations (30, 90 and 150 µg/ml), adsorption temperatures (5, 20 and 35 °C) and adsorption times (1, 12.5 and 24 hr) were optimized using central composite design. The optimal conditions were determined as a SiO2 nanoparticles amount of 8.5 to 14 mg/ml

Cladribine (2-chloro-2′-deoxy-β-d-adenosine) is a 2′-deoxyadenosine analogue, approved by the FDA for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia and more recently has been proved for therapeutic against many autoimmune diseases as multiple sclerosis. The biosynthesis of this compound using Thermomonospora alba CECT 3324 as biocatalyst is herein reported. This thermophilic microorganism was successfully entrapped

Equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) is a hormone widely used in superovulation protocols because of its follicle-stimulating action, which increases reproductive efficiency in animals of productive interest. It contains 45% carbohydrate, 10% of which is N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid). The eCG purification procedures from equine serum or plasma are mainly based on chromatographic methods. However

The production of L-lactic acid was investigated in combination with the production of protein concentrates in the frame of a green biorefinery for efficient utilization of grasses and legume crops. Alfalfa green juice was the sole substrate utilized for initial lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus paracasei or Bacillus coagulans in order to drop the pH and precipitate

Carotenoids (CD) are biological pigments produced for commercial purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to study and determine the optimal conditions for increased CD production. There is no consensus in the literature about the conditions that increase CD production. Some authors stated that CD will be preferentially produced at low light intensities, at this adverse condition, microorganism will increase

Toward a sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals, the method of CO2 utilization attracts great interest in chemical process engineering. Biotechnological CO2 fixation is a promising technology; however, efficient methods that can fix carbon dioxide are still limited. Instead, some parts of microbial decarboxylases allow the introduction of carboxy group into phenolic compounds using bicarbonate

Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) is a major oil yielding crop and its productivity is largely affected by the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. The present study aims to elucidate the differential physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in two contrasting genotypes of peanut for mitigation of N and/or P deficiency. The plants of two contrasting genotypes of peanut (GG7 and TG26) were subjected

We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated for their lipid production and ammonium tolerance and four isolates were selected as new ammonium tolerant microalgae with high-lipid production: TRG10-p102 Oocystis heteromucosa (Chlorophyceae); TRG10-p103 and TRG10-p105 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae); and TRG10-p201 Amphora coffeiformis

Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus is a major contributor to the virulence of the seasonal influenza A viruses, in part because it interferes with host viral defense mechanisms. SUMOylation regulates NS1 activity, and several residues of NS1 have been identified with traditional biochemical approaches as acceptor sites for SUMOylation. In this study, we developed a novel FRET assay

Hirudin, a blood anticoagulant, is the most potent natural thrombin inhibitor of leech origin. Its application is limited because it is difficult to obtain abundant natural hirudin directly from the leech. Although some bioengineering methods can significantly increase the production of hirudin, the reduced efficacy of recombinant hirudin (rH) remains a critical shortcoming. The lack of sulfation of