In the original publication, open access funding institution was incorrectly mentioned in the acknowledgement section.

Effects of high light, high salt, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency on growth and lipid production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were investigated in a flat-plate photoreactor, and the oil quality indexes such as CN, IV, SV, CFPP, DU, and LCSF were also evaluated. The results show that the growth of C. pyrenoidosa was inhibited under the stress conditions, but the intracellular lipid content was significantly

This study suggests a simple three-step screening protocol for the selection of white rot fungi (WRF) capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which combines easily applicable bioassay techniques, and verifies that protocol by evaluating the PAH degradation activity, ligninolytic enzyme secretion, and relevant gene expressions of the selected PAH-degraders. Using 120 fungal strains

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has extensive application prospects in many fields in view of its unique characteristics. However, the large-scale applications of BC are severely limited because of relatively low BC productivity and high cost of culture medium. Herein, the distiller's grain enzymatic hydrolysate (DEH) and yellow water were successfully combined as an effective substitute (the best distiller's

Abstract Bacillus bacteria have major utility in large-scale production of industrial enzymes, among which proteases have particular importance. B. subtilis B22, an aerobic and chemotrophic strain, was isolated from kimchi and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Extracellular protease production was determined in basic medium, with 1% (w/v) casein as substrate, by submerged fermentation at 37 °C

O-Glycosylation occurs in recombinant proteins produced by CHO cells, but this phenomenon has not been studied extensively. Here, we report that rituximab is an O-linked N-acetyl-glucosaminylated (O-GlcNAcylated) protein and the production of rituximab is increased by thiamet G, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. The production of rituximab doubled with OGA inhibition and decreased with O-GlcNAc transferase

Bacteria have evolved a defense system to resist external stressors, such as heat, pH, and salt, so as to facilitate survival in changing or harsh environments. However, the specific mechanisms by which bacteria respond to such environmental changes are not completely elucidated. Here, we used halotolerant bacteria as a model to understand the mechanism conferring high tolerance to NaCl. We screened

Abstract Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were successfully synthesized using the culture extract of Monascus purpureus ATCC16436 grown on sugarcane bagasse under solid-state fermentation. The rapid synthesis of SeNPs was completed after 30 min as confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Functional groups present in the synthesized SeNPs samples were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The

Abstract The aim of this study was to semi-automate process analytics for the quantification of common impurities in downstream processing such as host cell DNA, host cell proteins and endotoxins using a commercial liquid handling station. By semi-automation, the work load to fully analyze the elution peak of a purification run was reduced by at least 2.41 h. The relative standard deviation of results

The bacterial production of acetate via reductive acetogenesis along the Wood-Ljungdahl metabolic pathway is an important source of this molecule in several environments, ranging from industrial bioreactors to the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we contributed to the study of reductive acetogens by considering mathematical modelling techniques for the prediction of bacterial growth and acetate

Arthrobacter sp. CGMCC 3584 is used for the industrial production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, because of the paucity of genetic engineering tools for genetic manipulation on Arthrobacter species, only a few metabolically engineered Arthrobacter have been constructed and investigated. In this study, for the first time, we constructed an arpde knockout mutant of Arthrobacter without

Abstract In recent years, there has been increasing consumer interest in carotenoids, particularly of marine sustainable origin with applications in the food, cosmeceutical, nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical industries. For instance, microalgae belonging to the genus Tetraselmis are known for their biotechnologically relevant carotenoid profile. The recently isolated marine microalgal strain

Adenylate deaminase (AMPD) is an amino hydrolase that catalyzes the irreversible hydrolysis of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to inosine monophosphate (IMP) and ammonia. In this study, the effect of different hosts on the enzymatic properties of AMPD from Aspergillus oryzae GX-08 was investigated and showed that Bacillus subtilis WB600 was more suitable for producing AMPD with a higher activity of 2540

Abstract A novel and efficient facultative anaerobic denitrifying bacterium was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas citronellolis WXP-4. The strain WXP-4 could achieve 100% nitrate and nitrite removal efficiency utilizing sodium succinate as a carbon source, C/N ratio 7, pH 7.0, and temperature 40 °C under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The bacterium could tolerate a wide range of NO3−–N

Lactobionic acid (LBA) was produced by fermentation of Pseudomonas taetrolens. First, to increase the production of LBA by P. taetrolens, we controlled the pH of culture medium by CaCO3 addition (30 g/L) and then examined the initial lactose concentration ranging from 50 to 200 g/L and the growth temperature ranging from 20 to 37 °C. Both the LBA production titer (180 g/L) and the productivity (2.5

Conductive magnetite (Fe3O4) has been applied into some anaerobic bioprocesses to accelerate direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), however, Fe3O4 is usually dissolved by iron-reducing bacteria under anaerobic conditions, resulting in the loss of magnetite. Therefore, submicron magnetite particles were added to the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to build a Fe3O4/SBR system, which could alleviate

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii referred as Yeast S is an important microorganism widely applied in traditional fermented food to accelerate flavor formation. Z. rouxii 3-2 referred as Yeast S 3-2 constructed previously is a new strain having higher salt tolerance than wild type. In this study, salt stress response of synthesis key flavor metabolites 3-methylthiopropanol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, and isoamyl

Ethanol-tolerant Arthrobacter simplex is desirable since ethanol facilitates hydrophobic substrates dissolution on an industrial scale. Herein, alterations in compatible solutes were investigated under ethanol stress. The results showed that the amount of trehalose and glycerol increased while that of glutamate and proline decreased. The trehalose protectant role was verified and its concentration

Abstract With the rapid depletion of crude resources, microorganism lipids have started attracting increasing attention because of their renewable qualities. However, their production is limited by high costs. In this study, we aimed to reduce the production cost of Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2 lipid by co-producing extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and single-cell protein (SCP). In batch fermentation

Abstract Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common disease of the human scalp that causes physical damage and psychological problems for patients. Studies have indicated that dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome results in SD. However, the specific fungal and bacterial microbiome changes related to SD remain elusive. To further investigate the fungal and bacterial microbiome changes associated with SD, we

Abstract The high content of bioactive compounds in the microalga Spirulina platensis has recently attracted attention from food and pharmaceutical industries. However, for its application an effective preservation technique must be developed. In this paper, we investigated the use of a non-conventional rotary dryer (with an inert bed) for drying the microalga Spirulina biomass and the effects of the

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the main workhorse in the biopharmaceutical industry for the production of recombinant proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies. To date, a variety of metabolic engineering approaches have been used to improve the productivity of CHO cells. While genetic manipulations are potentially laborious in mammalian cells, rational design of CHO cell culture medium

Abstract Lipases CAL-B, TLL, and RML were used in the synthesis of free fatty acids of grape seed oil as heterogeneous substrate. The best enzyme was used to optimize the reaction variables temperature, enzyme content, and molar ratio of water:oil in batch reactions using experimental planning. The ideal conditions to produce free fatty acids using pure RML were 45 °C, 12:1 substrate molar ratio, and

Abstract Formulation conditions have a significant influence on the degree of freeze/thaw (FT) stress-induced protein instabilities. Adding cryoprotectants might stabilize the induced FT stress instabilities. However, a simple preservation of protein stability might be insufficient and further methods are necessary. This study aims to evaluate the addition of a heat cycle following FT application as

Abstract This study assessed the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT; 8 h–0.25 h) on simultaneous hydrogen and methane production from cheese whey (5000 mg carbohydrates/L) in a mesophilic (30 °C) expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. Methane production was observed at HRTs from 4 to 0.25 h. The maximum methane yield (9.8 ± 1.9 mL CH4/g CODap, reported as milliliter CH4 per gram of COD

Food safety is a global health and socioeconomic concern since many people still suffer from various acute and life-long diseases, which are caused by consumption of unsafe food. Therefore, ensuring safety of the food is one of the most essential issues in the food industry, which needs to be considered during not only food composition formulation but also handling and storage. For safety purpose,

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of extrusion pretreatment on the efficiency of lipid extraction and the quality of lipid extracted from the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica. Five processing parameters of extrusion pretreatment using a twin-screw extruder were studied: die configuration, distance from the internal surface of the die to the end of the screw (δ), temperature

Abstract Currently, some cases about the expression of flavor peptides with microorganisms were reported owing to the obvious advantages of biological expression over traditional methods. However, beefy meaty peptide (BMP), the focus of umami peptides, has neither been concerned in its safe expression nor its overproduction in fermenter. In this study, multi-copy BMP (8BMP) was successfully auto-inducibly

β-Galactosidase was produced by the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y1564 in cheese whey supplemented with yeast extract under the optimal temperature of 30 °C, delivering an enzymatic activity of 4418.37 U/gcell after 12 h of process. In order to develop more stable biocatalysts, the enzyme produced by fermentation was immobilized on 2.0% w/v chitosan activated with glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin

Abstract The biocatalyzed synthesis of purine nucleosides and their analogs is a case widely studied due to the high pharmaceutical interest of these compounds, providing the whole-cell biocatalysts, a useful tool for this purpose. Vidarabine and fludarabine are commercial examples of expensive bioactive nucleosides that can be prepared using a microbial transglycosylation approach. Citrobacter koseri

Lipases are a group of enzymes of considerable significance in organic synthesis, among which Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is one of the most widely studied enzymes. The activity of the biocatalyst has been intensively characterized in many organic media, but this paper aimed to compare the effect of 20 different solvents on the activity of CALB in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl laurate. Nonpolar

Abstract Bioconversion of biodiesel-derived glycerol into 2,3-butanediol has received recently much attention due to its increasing surplus and its multiple uses in industry as bulk chemical. The influence of initial glycerol concentration on 2,3-butanediol production in batch runs has been studied. A concentration higher than 140 g/L produces an inhibitory effect on the final 2,3-butanediol concentration

Abstract The mechanism and effect of C/N ratios on the aerobic granules simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) system are still unclear. The reactor performance and microbial community dynamics of the system were investigated under variable C/N ratios (20, 10 and 5). The COD, TP and NH4+-N removal remained unaffected with variable C/N ratios. The decreased C/N ratio

Abstract The production of microbial protein in the form of yeast grown on lignocellulosic sugars and nitrogen-rich industrial residues is an attractive approach for reducing dependency on animal and plant protein. Growth media composed of enzymatically saccharified sulfite-pulped spruce wood, enzymatic hydrolysates of poultry by-products and urea were used for the production of single-cell protein

This study investigated the synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl oleate catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase immobilized on magnetic poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) particles in a continuous packed-bed bioreactor. Runs were carried out in a solvent-free system at 50 °C. The performance of the reactor was evaluated for substrates composed by oleic acid and 2-ethylhexanol at five molar ratios (1:4-4:1), determining

The reactive distillation process for the synthesis of n-butyl acetate via transesterification of ethyl acetate with n-butyl alcohol catalyzed by immobilized lipase was simulated and experimentally tested in this work. Based on the reaction kinetics, a reactive distillation process model was developed. The effects of theoretical stages number in the reaction section, the rectifying section and stripping

Plant suspension culture is attracting interest as a promising platform to produce biological medicines due to the absence of virus, prions or DNA related to mammals during the production process. However, the heterogenic plant cell proliferation nature is particularly challenging for establishing industrial processes based on innovative approaches currently used, particularly in the animal cell culture

Abstract d-Allose is a rare sugar, can be used as an ingredient in a range of foods and dietary supplements, has alimentary activities, especially excellent anti-cancer effects and used in assisting cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, etc. To develop a simple and low-cost process for d-allose production, a one-pot enzymatic process using the substrate of d-fructose, and the recombinant enzymes of

Abstract Rapid and sensitive detection techniques for foodborne pathogens are important to the food industry. However, traditional detection methods rely on bacterial culture in combination with biochemical tests, a process that typically takes 4–7 days to complete. In this study, we described a high-flux polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for simultaneous detection of nine targeted genes (rfbE

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) pathway is sensitive to organic matter, and its recovery requires reliable evidence regarding the dominance of anammox in N-removal. This study showed that the anammox process deteriorated, with N-removal efficiencies rapidly decreasing from 87.2 to 45.7% when reactors were exposed to COD shocks of 1.12, 2.24 and 3.36 g L-1 (COD/N ratio 2, 4 and 6). Comprehensive

Salinity (NaCl) was used in waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation system which had been presented to greatly enhance the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production including protein and polysaccharide and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Salinity enhanced soluble protein and polysaccharide (SB-EPS) release which was 4.04 times (protein) and 1.83 times (polysaccharide) compared

Abstract p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a bioactive natural product and an important industrial material for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. It can be synthesized from deamination of l-tyrosine by tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL). In this work, we discovered two aromatic amino acid lyase genes, Sas-tal and Sts-tal, from Saccharothrix sp. NRRL B-16348 and Streptomyces sp. NRRL F-4489, respectively, and expressed

Abstract In this work, the process performance of three parallel anaerobic digesters was evaluated while treating emulsified long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) (i.e., palmitic, stearic and oleic acid) at two different organic loading rates (OLR) (2 and 4 g L−1 day−1). The digester treating palmitic acid achieved a biogas yield of 0.42 ± 0.05 L g−1 COD with a digester effluent COD of 2.3 ± 0.4 g L−1 and

Abstract (R)-Mandelic acid (R-MA) is a key precursor for the synthesis of semi-synthetic penicillin, cephalosporin, anti-obesity drugs, antitumor agents, and chiral resolving agents for the resolution of racemic alcohols and amines. In this study, an enzymatic method for the large-scale production of R-MA by a stereospecific nitrilase in an aqueous system was developed. The nitrilase activity of the

In this study, NiO nanosheets have been manufactured using a co-precipitation approach that involved the usage of nickel nitrate (Ni (NO3)2.6H2O) as the raw material and tragacanth in the role of a stabilizing agent. NiO nanosheets have been fabricated through the reduction of nickel nitrate solution that had been obtained by the application of aqueous extract of tragacanth, which is capable of functioning

The bioconversion process of bioactive naringenin by whole-cells of Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab for the production of increased value-added compounds is successfully achieved in surface and liquid cultures. This approach is an alternative to the commercial production of these bioactive compounds from vegetable sources, which are limited due to their low concentrations and the complexity of the purification

This study evaluated the influence of the magnetic field on the chemical composition of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 and its digestibility and protein solubility. The highest protein digestibility of biomass was obtained at 30 °C and with 2.5 g L-1 NaNO3 (78.4%) in the medium, and the highest solubility was found in the cultivated biomass exposed to 60 mT, 30 °C and 2.5 g L-1 NaNO3 (89%, pH 6). MF application

Sludge reduction performance and bacterial community dynamics in a pilot-scale multi-stage digester system with prolonged sludge retention time were characterized. Throughout the operation period of 281 days, the total loading sludge and the total digested sludge were 4700 and 3300 kg-MLSS. After 114 days of operation, the residual MLSS (RMLSS) in the reactors for sludge treatment was maintained at

The phelligridin LA was one of the valuable metabolites synthesized by the medicinal fungus Sanghuang in liquid fermentation. In the improvement of PLA productivity by fermentation, we investigated the optimal conditions for the efficient separation of PLA from the fermentation broth with a chromatographic column packed with the macroporous resin ADS-17. Based on the findings, we further developed

Buriti oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids and tocopherols and it is used for the treatment of various diseases. One strategy to restructure the triglycerides is enzymatic interesterification and nanocarriers have been employed to improve the solubility, bioavailability and stability of active compounds. This work aims to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of this structured

The laccase has the ability to oxidize substituted phenols and the water is the sole byproduct, thus it has been employed to remove and/or modify the lignin in lignocellulosic material. A putative laccase gene, LacSM, from Sordaria macrospora k-hell was screened by a genome mining approach. Then, it was cloned and highly expressed in Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of recombinant LacSM was ~ 67

An investigation was carried out using sugarcane bagasse as the agricultural residue to study the optimization of xylanase production by solid-state fermentation. Maximum xylanase production (20.35 U/g substrate) was achieved by Bacillus substilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250 using 'one variable at a time approach' at pH 7.0, 40 °C after 48 h. After statistical optimization by response surface methodology

Propionic acid (PA) is a valuable organic acid for the food and feed industry, but no bioproduction at industrial scale exists so far. As product inhibition is a major burden for bioprocesses producing organic acids, in situ product removal (ISPR) is desirable. Here, we demonstrate a new strategy to produce PA with a co-culture coupled with ISPR using electrodialysis. Specifically, Bacillus coagulans

In this study, the immobilization technology was used to improve the LA yield and shorten the fermentation time. The optimum conditions to immobilize Lactobacillus pentosus ATCC 8041 cell were determined by Taguchi design L16 (45). The immobilized L. pentosus ATCC 8041 cells prepared by 2% sodium alginate (SA) and 6% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the immobilization process by 0.10 M calcium chloride

Lignocellulosic biomass can be considered as one of the largest sources for the production of renewable biofuels (bioethanol). It involves an enzymatic treatment capable of ensuring the depolymerization of cellulose into fermentable sugars, followed by the production of ethanol by appropriate bacteriological fermentation. Proper destruction of the compact natural structure of the biomass would allow

Enzymatic interventions in animal skin processing are increasingly being considered as safe and benign technology options due to the reduction and replacement of potential harmful chemicals. In this study, galactosidases have been employed for rehydration of preserved skins and hides to improve the process efficiency and minimize hazardous sodium sulfide. The purpose of rehydration is to ensure the

The one-stage partial nitritation-anammox (PN-A) process is considered an efficient process for low-cost nitrogen removal. In this study, the nitrogen removal performance of different-sized granules in a one-stage PN-A reactor was studied. The total autotrophic nitrogen removal rate (TANRR) of the granular sludge increased as the granule size increased, and the TANRR of granular sludge with a radius

Labdane diterpenes and their derivatives have shown remarkable biological activities and are useful as chiral building blocks for the synthesis of a variety of bioactive compounds. There is great interest in developing biocatalyst technology to achieve regio- and stereoselective hydroxylation of unactivated C-H bonds in complex natural products, since the functionalization of unactivated C-H bonds

Nitrogen (N) sources have been target in microalgae cultivation studies, considering their nutritional impact on growth and high costs. Here, we have evaluated the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus BR003, applying alternative low-cost culture media containing ammonium and urea, or combinations of both N sources. The culture media were applied for indoor and outdoor cultivation, followed by growth analyses

In this study, a comprehensive genome-scale metabolic network of Komagataeibacter xylinus as the model microorganism was reconstructed based on genome annotation, for better understanding of metabolic growth and biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC). The reconstructed network included 640 genes, 783 metabolic reactions and 865 metabolites. The model was completely successful to predict the lack