Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees is a medicinal plant which was reported to have the highest concentration of neoandrographolide that has several therapeutic values. Natural populations of Andrographis alata are dwindling due to destruction of natural habitat and over exploitation. Therefore, in vitro propagation of Andrographis alata was undertaken, and successful method is presented here. Micropropagation

Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, only trailing second after cellulose. The enzyme chitinase is responsible for the degradation of chitin. Chitinases are found to be produced by wide range of organisms ranging from archaea to higher plants. Though chitin is a major component of fungal cell walls and invertebrate exoskeletons, bacterial chitinase can be industrially generated

Gel image analysis is a cornerstone in electrophoresis-based experiments. Nature of the experiment determines the target of the analysis. Implemented features within different software for gel images and their outputs are variable. EgyGene GelAnalyzer4 software aimed to make a powerful, easy, and almost all-in-one software for gel image analysis. EgyGene GelAnalyzer4 is a software for analyzing the

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to improve the outcomes and early detection of CRC. The sensitivity of traditional CRC tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)) is not ideal. The levels of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and

The World Health Organization has recently declared a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a pandemic and a global health emergency. The pressure to produce drugs and vaccines against the ongoing pandemic has resulted in the use of some drugs such as azithromycin, chloroquine (sulfate and phosphate), hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, favipiravir, remdesivir, ribavirin, ivermectin, and lopinavir/ritonavir

Detecting the genetic and physiological variations in two Japanese quail strains could be used to suggest a new avian model for future breeding studies. Consequently, two estimations were performed on two Japanese quail strains: gray quail strain (GJQS) and white jumbo quail strain (WJQS). The first estimation was conducted on carcass characteristics, breast muscles, breast concentration of collagen

Inflorescence explants of date palm proved to be a promising tool for micropropagation of elite cultivars or rare males and females as organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis could be achieved. These plant materials are abundantly available every year and can be used as cheap and potent explants. Nevertheless, many difficulties could be faced in this protocol according to selection of the spathe size

Bacteriocins are proteinaceous compounds produced from lactic acid bacteria. Bacteriocins are well-known for their antibacterial potential and safety for application in food. However, the commercial availability of bacteriocin is facing several limitations; among them is the low yield and short stability period. That calls for a new strategy for overcoming these hurdles. Among these approaches is incorporating

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious global health challenge that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has killed numerous people. This necessitated the urgent need for the hunt and development of more potent drugs against the fast-emerging extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis strains. Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome b subunit of the cytochrome

Asthenozoospermia is a chief reason for male seminal pathologies with an impression of around 19% of infertile patients. Spermatozoa mitochondrial DNA variations seem to link with low sperm motility. The objective of the study was to assess the relation between mitochondrial mutations and male sterility, especially in asthenozoospermia. The patient semen samples were investigated by studying the sperm

Honey bee venom contains various enzymes with wide medical and pharmaceutical applications. The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been apparently purified from the venom of Egyptian honey bee (Apis mellifera lamarckii) 8.9-fold to a very high specific activity of 6033 U/mg protein using DEAE–cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 columns. The purified bee venom PLA2 is monomeric 16 kDa protein and has isoelectric

Nanomedicine has evolved as precision medicine in novel therapeutic approach of cancer management. The present study investigated the efficacy of biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized using Argemone mexicana L. aqueous extract (AM-AuNPs) against the human colon cancer cell line, HCT-15. Biosynthesis of AM-AuNPs was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and further characterized by transmission

The crucial factor in the production of bio-fuels is the choice of potent microorganisms used in fermentation processes. Despite the evolving trend of using bacteria, yeast is still the primary choice for fermentation. Molecular characterization of many genes from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiaea), and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), have improved our understanding in gene structure

Cellulases are well known for their various industrial applications. They are naturally produced by different species of bacteria and fungi. Fermentation process of cellulase producers has limitation due to the high substrate cost required for cellulase induction and challenges to maintain the suitable condition for the respective cellulase production. Recombinant cellulase production could be the

Breast cancer is a disease in which cell grows rapidly forming a mass in the breast. HER2 polymorphisms Ile655Val have been studied as biomarkers for breast cancer and may comprise a risk factor of cardiac toxicity for breast cancer-consuming trastuzumab. Aim of work: In this study, we developed a simple, low cost, and rapid test to detect polymorphism at HER2 gene using SYBR Green I-based melting

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are commonly used as a suitable genetic reservoir for plant breeding. They can be used for enhancing the tolerance of plant varieties to biotic and abiotic stresses. Studying the genetic diversity of related wheat species in Iran could be useful to improve different traits of bread wheat, since the country is one of the major centers of genetic diversity and distribution

Induced polyploidy serves as an efficient approach in extricating genetic potential of cells. During polyploidization, multiple sets of chromosomes are derived from the same organism resulting in the development of an autopolyploid. Alterations owing to artificially induced polyploidy level significantly influence internal homeostatic condition of resultant cells. Induced autopolyploidy transpires

Heparanase activity was found to be included in human cancer development and growth. Heparanase (HPSE) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be correlated with different human cancers. In the current study, we investigated whether HPSE SNPs were a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk factor by carrying out a comprehensive case-control pilot study. HPSE rs12331678 and rs12503843

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important cereals worldwide. Although this crop is drought-tolerant, water deficiency negatively affects its growth and production. To detect key genes involved in drought tolerance in barley, a reconstruction of the related gene network and discovery of the hub genes would help. Here, drought-responsive genes in barley were collected through analysis

Rhizopus species is among the most well-known lipase producers, and its enzyme is suitable for use in many industrial applications. Our research focuses on the production of lipase utilizing waste besides evaluating its applications. An extracellular lipase was partially purified from the culture broth of Rhizopus oryzae R1 isolate to apparent homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed

Biologically important curcuminoids viz curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin in turmeric rhizome have several health benefits. Pharmaceutical industries synthesize curcuminoids manipulating gene expressions in vitro or in vivo because of their medicinal importance. In this experiment, we studied the gene expressions involved in the curcuminoid biosynthesis pathway in association with

Bryophytes, comprising of the second largest group in the plant kingdom, has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its immense potential to produce biopharmaceuticals. But studies conducted to better understand their chemical composition are limited and scattered. In the present investigation, sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical experimental designs, was employed

Xylanase has long been recognized as a widely used industrially important enzyme. There are some bacterial species already reported to produce xylanase which have potent xylanolytic activity towards the use of this enzyme in the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. In this view, an efficient xylanolytic bacterial strain was isolated and screened from the soil sample of Simlipal Biosphere

Plasmid propagation in recombination strains such as Escherichia coli DH5α is regarded as a beneficial instrument for stable amplification of the DNA materials. Here, we show trans-conjugation of pGEM-T cloning vector (modified Promega PCR product cloning vector with tra genes, transposable element (Tn5)) and M13 sequence via α-complementation mechanism in order to activate β-d-galactosidase gene in

Due to the multitude industrial applications of ligninolytic enzymes, their demands are increasing. Partial purification and intensive characterization of contemporary highly acidic laccase enzyme produced by an Egyptian local isolate designated Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO were studied in the present investigation. Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO laccase has been partially purified and intensively biochemically

At present, viral diseases become major concern for the world. SARS-CoV2 and SFTS viruses are deadly in nature, and there is a need for developing best treatments for them. Modern in silico approaches were found to be very handy in determining putative drug molecules. In this study, we analyze interaction of beta-sesquiphellandrene (compound belongs to ginger) with spike protein (Sp) and membrane glycoprotein

Phytochromes are plant photoreceptors that have long been associated with photomorphogenesis in plants; however, more recently, their crucial role in the regulation of variety of abiotic stresses has been explored. Chilling stress is one of the abiotic factors that severely affect growth, development, and productivity of crops. In the present work, we have analyzed and compared physiological, biochemical

To achieve a high yield of terpenoid-based therapeutics, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway has been significantly exploited for the production of downstream enzymes. The DXP synthase (DXS) enzyme, the initiator of this pathway, is pivotal for the convergence of carbon flux, and is computationally studied well for the industrially utilized generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacterium Bacillus

Nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) resistance genes are the largest class of plant resistance genes which play an important role in the plant defense response. These genes are better conserved than others and function as a recognition-based immune system in plants through their encoded proteins. Here, we report the effect of Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast pathogen inoculation

The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with anticancer drugs and therefore reduces their efficacy. Phenolic compounds have the potential to inhibit GST P1-1 activity, which is a promising goal to overcome MDR and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. Three fractions (dichloromethane

Ascomycin is a highly valuable multifunctional drug which exhibits numerous biological properties. Being an immunosuppressant, it is known to prevent graft rejection in humans and has potential to treat varying skin ailments. Its derivatives represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory macrolactams. But the biosynthetic machinery of ascomycin is still unclear. Due to the structural complexity, there

The techniques of amplifying genetic materials have enabled the extensive study of several biological activities outside the biological milieu of living systems. More recently, this approach has been extended to amplify population of genes, from evolutionarily related gene family for detection and evaluation of microbial consortial with several unique potentialities (e.g., enzymatic degradability)

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to improve plant growth and are used as biofertilizers, thanks to their numerous benefits to agriculture such as phosphorus solubilization and phytohormone production. In this paper, four rhizospheric bacteria (Phyllobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Agrobacterium sp., and Rhizobium sp.) isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of Acacia cyanophylla

Soils polluted with animal charcoal from skin and hide cottage industries harbour extremely toxic and carcinogenic hydrocarbon pollutants and thus require a bio-based eco-friendly strategy for their depuration. The effects of carbon-free mineral medium (CFMM) amendment on hydrocarbon degradation and microbial community structure and function in an animal charcoal-polluted soil was monitored for 6 weeks

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has shown an exponential trend of infected people across the planet. Crediting its virulent nature, it becomes imperative to identify potential therapeutic agents against the deadly virus. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) is a cysteine protease which causes the proteolysis of the replicase polyproteins to generate functional proteins, which is a crucial

Development of efficient strategies has always been one of the great perspectives for biotechnologists. During the last decade, genome editing of different organisms has been a fast advancing field and therefore has received a lot of attention from various researchers comprehensively reviewing latest achievements and offering opinions on future directions. This review presents a brief history, basic

Translating the conventional scientific concepts into a new robust invention is a much needed one at a present scenario to develop some novel materials with intriguing properties. Particles in nanoscale exhibit superior activity than their bulk counterpart. This unique feature is intensively utilized in physical, chemical, and biological sectors. Each metal is holding unique optical properties that

Endophyte bestows beneficial aspects to its inhabiting host, along with a contribution to diverse structural attributes with biological potential. In this regard, antimicrobial profiling of fungal endophytes from medicinal plant Adiantum philippense revealed bioactive Nigrospora sphaerica from the leaf segment. Chemical and biological profiling through TLC–bioautography and hyphenated spectroscopic

Xylanase is one of the widely applied industrial enzymes with diverse applications. Thermostability and alkali tolerance are the two most desirable qualities for industrial applications of xylanase. In this paper, we reveal the statistical Taguchi optimization strategy for maximization of xylanase production. The important process parameters pH, temperature, concentration of wheat bran, and concentration

Various polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been applied for the development of genome walking (GW) technique. These methods which could be based on the application of restriction enzymes or primers have various efficiencies to identify the unknown nucleotide sequences. The present study was conducted to design a new innovative double-strand adaptor using MAP30 gene sequence of Momordica

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) played an essential role to locate the ribosomal RNA genes on the chromosomes that offered a new tool to study the chromosome structure and evolution in plant. The 45S and 5S rRNA genes are independent and localized at one or more loci per the chromosome complement, their positions along chromosomes offer useful markers for chromosome discriminations. In the

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that acts as a requisite role in many aspects of the plant life cycle, and it is also a regulator of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, we attempt to provide comprehensive information through analyses of existing data using bioinformatics tools to compare the identified ethylene biosynthesis genes between Arabidopsis (as dicotyledonous)

Biodiesel has gained an increased popularity as a good alternative for fossil fuel because of its unusual qualities as a biodegradable, nontoxic, and renewable diesel fuel. Hence, the economic utilization of the accumulated bioglycerol byproduct became critically important for the sustainability of biodiesel industry. The purified bioglycerol might be used as a valuable industrial stock in cosmetic

Nitroreductases are a family of evolutionarily related proteins catalyzing the reduction of nitro-substituted compounds. Nitroreductases are widespread enzymes, but nearly all modern research and practical application have been concentrated on the bacterial proteins, mainly nitroreductases of Escherichia coli. The main aim of this study is to describe the phylogenic distribution of the nitroreductases

Sweet sorghum is an emerging biofuel candidate crop with multiple benefits as a source of biomass energy. Increase of biomass and sugar productivity and quality is a central goal in its improvement. Target region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based functional marker system that can detect genetic diversity in the functional region of target genes. Thirty sweet sorghum

The Capparaceae family is commonly recognized as a caper, while Cleomaceae represents one of small flowering family within the order Brassicales. Earlier, Cleomaceae was included in the family Capparaceae; then, it was moved to a distinct family after DNA evidence. Variation in habits and a bewildering array of floral and fruit forms contributed to making Capparaceae a “trash-basket” family in which

Halophiles offer an attractive source of genes conferring salt tolerance. Halobacillus trueperi SS1 strain of Lunsu, Himachal Pradesh, India, a strict halophile, was exploited to isolate and clone the genes for salt tolerance. The genomic library of BamH1 digest of H. trueperi SS1 was constructed in pUC19, and recombinants were screened for salt tolerance on an LB medium containing ampicillin (100 μg/ml)

Microbial origin polysaccharides have gained popularity due to lesser toxicity, better degradability and selectivity as compared to their synthetic counterparts and can be used as emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener, texturizer, flocculating and gelling agent. Here main emphasis on exopolysaccharide production from potential lactic acid bacteria that has GRAS status. This work was aimed at isolating

Pathogenic bacteria cause significant economic damages in agriculture. The detection of such bacteria is considered as a continual interest for plant pathologists to prevent disease dissemination. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is one of the most important bacterial pathogens infecting yield and quality of stone fruits throughout the world. Biochemical assays such as a LOPAT and GATTa are common

Meyerozyma guilliermondii is a yeast which could be isolated from a variety of environments. The vka1 strain isolated and purified from the organic compost was found to have composting potential. To better understand the genes assisting the composting potential in this yeast, whole genome sequencing and sequence annotation were performed. The genome of M. guilliermondii vka1 strain was sequenced using

The present study reports the antibacterial potential of phyto-nano-hybrid particles Ag-CuO (silver-copper oxide) against drug-resistant pathogens isolated from a Russian hospital in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. The synthesis of nano-hybrid was achieved by phytogenic source by using leaves of Murraya koenigii. The nano-hybrid particles were well characterized using hyphenated techniques and results of the

Reduced height-1 dwarfing alleles affect DELLA proteins belonging to a family of putative transcriptional regulators that modulate plant growth and development. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes five DELLA proteins, whereas monocot plants, such as rice, barley, and wheat, each have a single DELLA protein. In wheat, wild-type Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a genes encode DELLA proteins and have many alleles

Colorectal cancer is common to both sexes; third in terms of morbidity and second in terms of mortality, accounting for 10% and 9.2% of cancer cases in men and women globally. Although drugs such as bevacizumab, Camptosar, and cetuximab are being used to manage colorectal cancer, the efficacy of the drugs has been reported to vary from patient to patient. These drugs have also been reported to have

Various Asparagus species constitute the significant vegetable and medicinal genetic resource throughout the world. Asparagus species serve as important commodity of food and pharmaceutical industries in India. A diverse collection of Asparagus species from different localities of Northwest India was investigated for its genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Polymorphic SSR

RNA editing is common in terrestrial plants, especially in mitochondria and chloroplast. In the photosynthesis process, NAD dehydrogenase plays a very important role. Subunit 2 of NADH-dehydrogenase is one of the major subunits in NAD dehydrogenase complex. Using desert plant Calotropis (Calotropis procera), this study focuses on the RNA editing activity of ndhB based on light time. NdhB (NADH-dehydrogenase

Biolistic systems are used to shoot exogenous DNA, RNA, protein, and other macromolecules to transfer them into cells for genetic transformation, genome editing, and drug delivery. Such systems are especially useful for plants and other organisms that are incompatible with other macromolecule delivery methods. Commercially available, conventional biolistic systems consist of a shooting device (or “gun”)

As there has been an increasing trend in the effective utilization of plant and crop residues for microbial transformation into a desired product, an attempt was made to compare of exo-polygalacturonase production using logistic and Luedeking-Piret kinetic model by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged (smf) or solid-state fermentation (ssf) using pomelo peel powder, an agro-forestry residue as carbon substrate

Pakistan is one of the top five date fruit-producing countries and produced more than 30% wastes in picking, packing, storage, and commercialization stages. The date fruit wastes are usually considered inedible for humans and only used for livestock feed. In current research, Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB3 was screened for pectinase, xylanase, cellulase, and amylase production using date fruit wastes

Chitin is an important biopolymer next to cellulose, extracted in the present study. The exoskeleton of marine bycatch brachyuran crabs, namely Calappa lophos, Dromia dehaani, Dorippe facchino and also from stomatopod Squilla spp. were used to extract chitin through fermentation methods by employing two bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens. The yield of chitin was 44

In this study, strictosidine synthase (STR) from Catharanthus roseus that plays an important role in alkaloid biosynthesis was selected. The purpose of this work was to perform in silico analysis and to predict the three-dimensional structure of this protein that is not available. Physicochemical characterization was performed by Expasy’s Protparam server. The computed theoretical isoelectric point