Common bacterial blight (CBB) of mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek var. radiata) is a major limitation to mungbean production in semi-arid areas of the world where mungbean is a major crop. Deployment of resistant varieties is a significant sustainable strategy for controlling CBB in marginal production systems. The objective of this study was to identify sources of resistance and the stability

Fusarium wilt race 1, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, is one of the main diseases of lettuce in tropical and subtropical regions, including under summer conditions in Japan. Resistant lettuce cultivars have shown symptoms on occasion, which have led breeding programs to focus on the improvement of resistance phenotypes to race 1. Disease assays using Fusarium wilt race 1 were performed

The Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) gene has been reported as a key factor for β-glucan synthesis in grasses. However, the action of this gene on oat β-glucan content is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were: (i) to quantify the absolute expression of CslF6 transcripts in oats under field conditions; and (ii) to characterize the CslF6 homoeologs in oat genotypes with different levels

Maize ear-related traits are important components of grain yield that directly influence maize production. The genetic basis of ear-related traits is still not completely understood, which would be helpful in the improvement of grain yield. In this study, to dissect the genetic basis of ear diameter (ED), ear row number (ERN), and kernel number per row (KNR), a genome-wide association study of maize

According to the temperature and duration of the vernalization stage, three types of varieties adapted to different environments were bred in rapeseed breeding: spring, semi-winter, and winter type. Usually in a particular rapeseed producing area, only one type (spring or winter) is cultivated and almost none of the rapeseed varieties can adapt to both environments, which is mainly caused by the strong

Kazakhstan-Siberia Network for Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) was established in 2000 to conduct multi-location cooperative yield trials for the exchange of breeding material and to evaluate agronomic traits such as grain yield and disease resistance. In 2016, aggregated KASIB data were analyzed and 120 cultivars and breeding lines demonstrating different degrees of resistance to leaf rust selected

Potato is a heterozygous autotetraploid crop propagated as tubers. Diploid potatoes, which are mostly self-incompatible due to gametophytic self-incompatibility, are often used to reduce genetic complexity. The discovery of the S locus inhibitor (Sli) gene has created a way to develop diploid inbred lines and perform F1 hybrid breeding in potato. However, residual heterozygosity found in advanced-generation

Wheat breeding has significantly contributed to enhancing yield potential and stability. However, one of the most promising technologies for further sustainable yield increases, hybrid wheat, is still limited due to lack of well-established heterotic groups and insufficient heterosis to compensate cost of hybrid seed production. Thus, optimizing the appropriate parents and combinations of floral and

The objective of this work was to describe the sensory profile of 11 arabica coffee genotypes with different levels of resistance to rust and to evaluate their genetic potential for the production of specialty coffees. The experiments were conducted in three coffee producing municipalities, in the region of Matas de Minas, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete

Significant yield losses are caused by pod shattering during the harvest of domesticated crop plants. The phenotype evaluation of pod shattering requires fully grown plants, and it is a labor-intensive and time-consuming procedure. The purpose of this study was to test the applicability of previously identified KSS-SNP5 SNP marker on chromosome 16 in the marker assisted selection (MAS) system for pod

Notwithstanding the importance of eggplant in global horticulture, doubled haploid production in this species is still far from being efficient. Although acknowledged to have a role in the efficiency of androgenesis induction, factors such as the growth conditions of donor plant or the in vitro culture environment have not been deeply explored or not explored at all in eggplant, which leaves room for

Rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) root system varied widely among the winter and spring growth habits in late growth stages. In this study, we have phenotyped seven different root architectural traits with a diversity panel consisting of 224 B. napus accessions grown in greenhouse during 2015 and 2016. A genome-wide association study with 37,500 single nucleotide polymorphism markers was conducted

Bread wheat is a widely cultivated crop with production that is often negatively influenced by disease outbreaks. Biological constraints in production include the wheat rusts (leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust) and Fusarium head blight (FHB). Different strategies are available in the control of these important fungal diseases. However, resistance breeding remains the preferred option of control

Diseases of crops are the main reason for the decrease in yield and product quality. Blast is the most dangerous disease in all areas of world rice cultivation. The most effective, economically viable, and environmentally friendly strategy to combat it is the development of resistant varieties. The use of molecular genetic markers (DNA markers) linked to the loci of blast resistance is relevant in

The purpose of this study is to classify 32 commercial maize hybrids with regard to grain yield stability by using an artificial neural network procedure. The hybrids were evaluated at five locations, in two late growing seasons. Each replication (R1 and R2) of the response variable was used as a network input signal to trigger the network learning process. The underlying network model has a topology

The cowpea is produced in different environmental conditions in several regions of Brazil. It is crucial to select and develop cultivars that attend to the regional requirements with high productivity, adaptability, and stability, due to the interaction between the genotype and the environment. This research aimed to select strains of cowpea for the simultaneous presence of high genotypic productivity

Weed competitive ability (WCA) is vital for the improvement of grain yield under direct-seeded and aerobic rice ecosystems where weeds are a major limiting factor. Early seed germination (ESG) and early seedling vigor (ESV) are the crucial traits for WCA. This study attempted to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and hotspot regions governing ESG and ESV traits. A total of 167 BC1F5 selective introgression

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), the major source of minerals and dietary energy for people living in the semi-arid regions of Sahel, is regularly damaged by millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella. In order to identify the plant-based resistance sources for millet head miner along with high grain Fe and Zn, we have screened forty pearl millet genotypes, using an artificial infestation method

Whiteflies and spider mites are amongst the most harmful eggplant (Solanum melongena) pests. Considering the need for reduction of chemical applications for whitefly and spider mite control, the exploitation of wild relatives of eggplant as sources of pest resistances represents an important strategy in order to improve cultivated eggplant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 15 accessions

Salt stress is a menace to rice production and a threat to food security worldwide. We evaluated 308 F4 families from Sahel 317/Madina Koyo for tolerance to salt stress at the early seedling stage. To better understand genomic regions controlling tolerance in the population, we genotyped the progenies and the two parents using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and regressed the genotypic

The soil- and seed-borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 (FOV4), causes Fusarium wilt in cotton (Gossypium spp.) and represents a significant threat to cotton production in the US. The objectives of this study were to enhance FOV4 resistance in heterogeneous Acala 1517-08 and its derivatives through three cycles of pedigree selection in 2018, 2019 and 2020 under FOV4-infested field

Host plant resistance is one of the most promising alternatives to insecticides to manage the shoot fly, Atherigona naqvii Steyskal, which is a major biotic constraint to spring sown maize in northern India. In present studies, Nineteen maize inbreds selected from diverse sources were characterized for resistance traits against shoot fly under its natural infestation using moistened fishmeal. Though

Seed coat cracking (SCC), particularly the Type-I irregular cracking, is critical in determining the quality of appearance and commercial value of soybean seeds. The objective of this study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SCC with high-density genetic map. One hundred sixty-seven recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between Uram (SCC-resistant) and Chamol (SCC-susceptible)

The genus Aegilops L. has been intensively investigated due to its close relationship with wheat (Triticum L.) as contributor of B and D subgenomes. Because of their vast genetic diversity, Aegilops species represent a rich source of alleles of agronomic interest, which could be used to widen the wheat gene pool and improve tolerance to diseases, pests, drought, cold and other environmental stresses

During processing of wheat flour, its starch component undergoes gelatinization, an important physicochemical property, affecting cooking and nutrition quality of food products. Genetic loci controlling gelatinization properties of starch and amylose–lipid complex is unknown in wheat. In this study gelatinization properties were measured in a set of 226 wheat varieties using differential scanning calorimetry

The Wx gene is the major gene controlling amylose synthesis in rice endosperm. In a previous study, we were able to separate the Wxa allele into two functional Wx alleles, Wxg2 and Wxg3, according to their amylose phenotypes and a T/C nucleotide polymorphism in exon 10. Subsequent studies revealed that this Wx allelic variation also plays a vital role in regulating other important starch properties

Nicotiana alata is a model species used to study gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI), controlled by the S-locus (encoding S-RNase and SLF proteins expressed in pistil and pollen, respectively) as well as by modifier genes (such as 120 kDa, HT-b and Trxh). A previous study revealed that SI in N. alata accession S2S2 was plastic, and that SI was leaky with senescence of the pistil and plant. Here

The objective of this study was to explore wild barley as a potential source of alleles controlling plant development that can be used to improve the adaptation of barley to the Australian environment. The HEB-25 population was evaluated in field conditions at Strathalbyn (South Australia) in 2015 and 2016 and phenotyped for five traits related to plant development, in addition to plant height and

Passion fruit breeding programs often use a single fruit to obtain progeny. Open-pollination progenies are considered half-siblings since they allow the occurrence of a mixture of pollens during pollination. However, there are no studies able to prove that these progenies are, in fact, consequence of a mixture of pollens. The contribution of male genitors to the formation of open-pollinated progenies

Baby corn has become a popular dietary choice worldwide. Here, we evaluated the potential of different male sterility systems as a tool to save cost for manual detasseling in baby corn. 24 hybrids having fertile (N-) and different sterile (T-, C- and S-) cytoplasms were analyzed for pollen sterility and various baby corn traits under three dates of sowing. ANOVA revealed significant genetic variation

Diploid hybrid potato breeding is emerging as an alternative to breeding tetraploid potato clones. The development of diploid breeding varieties involves recent, shallow pedigrees with a limited number of founders. Within this context, alternative QTL detection methodologies should be considered to enable identification of relevant QTLs and characterize the founders of the pedigree. To that end, we

Genetic study in maize (Zea mays) germplasm development is an important step to understand the genetic variability and complementarity between heterotic groups, as well as additive and dominance genetic effects. Thus, diallel analyses have been widely adopted with the aim of identifying the best parental lines and the best crosses. In addition, different environmental conditions make genetic selection

Hybrid vigor (or heterosis) is the over-performance of a hybrid over its parents in a specific trait or a set of traits. As such, hybrid breeding serves as a tool to efficiently trigger gains in breeding programs. Moreover, hybrids of genetically distant landraces, varieties or even species may become evolutionary successful. In Swiss alpine swards, we observed frequent prevalence of triploid hybrids

In a world where there is growing pressure to grow more with a smaller environmental footprint, alternative forms of plant protection are needed. The root tips of most plants produce border cells in a mucilage that also contains extracellular DNA (exDNA), which is known to be involved in plant defence. A decade after we first demonstrated that there was varietal difference in the number of border cells

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crop species. It has been further developed since its initial domestication, with significant acceleration of wheat breeding within the last 100 years. In this study, a set of 355 wheat accessions were selected to document the history of bread wheat breeding in Central Europe. Although six periods of breeding were assumed, a notable turning

Compared with annual cultivated rice, perennial rice had great advantages of soil erosion control, labor saving, water and fertilizer management, etc. As the key organ for perenniality, rhizome can help grasses to achieve rapid expansion to occupy more environmental resources, and withstand the harsh environmental conditions. Oryza longistaminata, a perennial wild relative of rice with vigorous rhizomes

Half-sib (HS) mating is the most important breeding method of open-pollinated sexual forage grasses such as tall fescue. Progeny testing procedures of half-sib families can only measure general combining ability (GCA) due to the unknown pollen donor. In tall fescue, genetic studies using HS mating and application of molecular markers for paternity identification in polycross progenies are so far limited

Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.)] is an important pulse crop in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the globe. We evaluated green gram germplasm comprising a large collection of 533 accessions for qualitative and quantitative traits. On the basis of average linkage, germplasm was grouped in five main clusters, where cluster I and cluster V grouped the accessions with contrasting traits, similar

Genetic biofortification is a cost-effective strategy to address iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies prevalent worldwide. Being a rich and cheap protein source, chickpea, a food legume grown and consumed across the globe, is a good target for biofortification. Nineteen popular commercial cultivars of India were analysed for Fe and Zn content at four locations representing different agro-climatic zones

Being widely considered as one of the most expensive complicated and time-consuming steps, screening and identifying the superior genotypes could be named as the most essential step in breeding programs. In this study, screening of wild superior apple genotypes and genetic diversity of fifty wild apple genotypes were investigated using multivariate analysis. The results showed the coefficients of variation

Aluminium (Al3+) tolerance is second only to drought tolerance for its importance as an agronomic trait in many parts of the world. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Al3+ tolerance is largely conditioned by a single gene, TaALMT1, but given the diverse origins of tolerant genotypes, it is possible that other chromosomes may harbour genes that confer Al3+ tolerance. The large genetic diversity present

Small-scale maize farmers in sub-Saharan Africa use meager amounts of nitrogen (N) in their maize crops. N use efficient varieties can provide a solution to the problem of low N conditions through efficient N uptake and utilization. The objectives of this study were to i) compare the quantitative genetic parameters of grain yield and secondary traits under different nitrogen levels and ii) assess the

In this study, we summarized the evolution of scientific research about fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. We retrieved research articles from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database that reported studies of the Asian soybean rust (ASR) from 1945 to 2018. We applied the scientometric analysis of the temporal trends of authors, journals, research

Ear traits play a vital role in maize (Zea mays) yield. The ear angle (EA) has an obvious impact on corn yield and planting density as well as other maize ear traits. However, the genetic control of EA is still unclear. In this study, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for EA from four recombinant inbred line populations, BY815/DE3, BY815/K22, CI7/K22 and Mo17/X26-4, which were grown in three

Recent innovations in breeding technologies have reduced the timeframe to develop improved plant varieties compared to conventional breeding processes. Technologies like speed breeding, or rapid generation advancement, may also accelerate the process of statutory variety registration. Within this procedure, improved varieties are required to satisfy distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) criteria

Hybrid wheat breeding programs need to use chemical hybridizing agents for seed production due to its simplicity. Alternative methods such as cytoplasmic systems or hand pollinations restrict genetic combinations or seed production which limits testing experimental hybrids in large-scale multi-environment trials (METs). Using F2 seed instead of F1 can allow programs to test hybrid cross combinations

Although not essential to most plant species, silica plays an important role in the protection of plants against different types of stress. In monocots, the main role of silica is protection against herbivores. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, it is clear that silica discourages the grazing of herbivores. Hence, high silica concentrations are unwanted in forage crops and grasses

In Argentina, the yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under suboptimal temperatures of temperate regions and during early sowing in tropical regions depends on its low-temperature germinability (LTG) and subsequent cold tolerance at the seedling stage (CTS). This study focused on the phenotyping and identification of contrasting henotypes for LTG and CTS of 18 rice genotypes genotyped with 49

Phenolic compounds (PCs) are important biomolecules as they affect processing (color, aroma, and taste quality of bread, and grain hardness) and nutrition quality (antioxidant and other health benefits). This study identified a set of 115 PCs by screening 100 Indian bread wheat varieties that showed wide variation in PCs content. These PCs were classified into 29 phenolic acid and their derivative

The introgression of genes from the wild species S. pimpinellifolium has the potential to improve tomato commercial varieties for numerous fruit quality traits. One of particular interest for fresh-market tomatoes is long shelf life (SL). Twenty-two near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed in three to four backcrosses using S. pimpinellifolium accession LA0722 as the donor parent, based on phenotypic

In the present study for the first-time genetics and nature of gene action for resistance to bud necrosis disease in tomato was deciphered based on mechanical sap inoculation under the environment-controlled glasshouse conditions with the pure culture of GBNV. To accomplish this study, two resistant (IIHR-2901 and IIHR-2953) and one susceptible parent (PKM-1) were used to generate F1, F2, BC1P1 and

Spike length (SL), fertile spikelet number per spike (SNS), thousand grain weight (TGW) and plant height (PH) are important agronomic traits related to yield in wheat. By the 55 K SNP assay, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map with 186 F6 recombinant inbred lines developed between Chinese landrace wheat Banmangzi and an elite variety Jimai 22. Eighteen QTLs for SL, SNS, TGW and PH were

Cowpea is a health-promoting diploid legume species [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 2n = 2x = 22]. The annual cowpea production is 5.4 million tons of dry seed globally. Despite the fact that cowpea is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, some genotypes with excellent agronomic traits such as high yield under sufficient water supplies have been reported to be highly drought-susceptible, thus still

Current weather pattern predictions show the increase in winter temperatures globally. This could have a detrimental effect on fruit grown in temperate environments like the southern part of Africa. A rise in winter temperatures would lead to the non-fulfilment of chill requirements of fruit crops and subsequent losses. A need therefore arises to breed for good quality fruit varieties with a lower

Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. mutica is widely distributed in the Zagros Mountains in Iran and its fruits are used as food. In the present study, the morphological and pomological variation of naturally grown male and female genotypes of this species was investigated. Considerable variations were observed among male and also among female genotypes studied based on the characters measured. Leaf length

Early maturity is an important target of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding programs. The selection and popularization of early-maturing cotton cultivars have significantly alleviated the problem of optimizing farmland cropping systems when planting cotton and cereals. However, breeding early-maturity cotton with high yields and high-quality crops is sharply constrained by the genetic complexity

Associating desirable agronomic characters of sweet peppers and resistance to bacterial spot (BS) has been challenging plant breeders, especially when seeking durable resistance. In this work, we select BS resistant progenies with desirable agronomic characteristics by mixed model. F2:3 plants derived from sixty F2 individuals from crosses between pure lines UENF 2285 (susceptible) × UENF 1381 (resistant)

In the current study, the morphological traits in 222 individuals of the UCP-C0 base population were evaluated to distinguish the phenotypic variability and thus to be used in the papaya recurrent selection program. The studied traits showed considerable differences among the individuals. The fruit weight ranged from 279.7 to 1808.0 g with average of 859.7 g, the number of commercial fruits ranged

Cottonseed is the second-most common plant protein source after soybean, and the fifth-most common oil source after soybean, palm tree, colza and sunflower. There has been little economic incentive until recently to breed for cottonseed nutritional components. In our previous studies we used chromosome substitution (CS) lines to associate novel traits of importance with specific substituted chromosome

Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stress factors influencing photosynthesis in rice. In the present study, a linkage analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) of photosynthesis-related traits (PRT) at the grain filling stage of rice, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Sc), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), were performed under