Papaya has a narrow genetic base concerning disease resistance, with few genetically distinct cultivars for planting in the world. Losses in crop production caused by fungal and viral diseases, added to the absence of resistant cultivars available to producers, have reduced the competitiveness of crops. Therefore, this study aimed to select promising individuals for resistance to phoma spot and black

Multi-environment trials have a fundamental role in the selection of the best genotypes across different environments before its commercial release. This study was carried out to identify high-yielding stable sunflower hybrids using the graphical method of the GGE biplot. For this purpose, 11 new hybrids along with four hybrid cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four

Development of ideal breeding and crop management strategies that can improve maize grain yield under tropical environments is crucial. In the temperate regions, such yield improvements were achieved through use of genotypes that are adapted to high plant population density stress. However, tropical germplasm has poor tolerance to high plant population density stress, and thus it should be improved

Head smut (HS) is one of the most devastating diseases of maize in spring production regions in China. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for HS resistance were identified in this study to provide theoretical and applied tools for breeding HS resistance in maize. QTL associated with HS resistance were identified in a F2:3 population derived from a T32 (highly resistant genotype) × HC (highly susceptible

High fiber quality is one of the most desired traits in the upland cotton breeding. To this end, breeding programs have developed hybrids with high heterotic effect, which provide genetic combinations and segregating populations from which superior genotypes can be selected. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify superior genitors based on the general combining ability (GCA), (2) to indicate

Crop cultivar performance is a result of combined effects of genotype, environment and genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. To effectively generate reliable estimates of crop yield the magnitude and patterns of G × E in regional yield trials should be specified. This research aimed to (1) investigate existing possible mega-environments (ME) and suitability of test locations for winter wheat

Tolerance of tea clones to drought was evaluated in an irrigation trial, in terms of the percentage yield loss caused by absence of irrigation. There was a wide range of variation between clones, with consistent responses to two separate drought years and significant clone x irrigation interactions. The yield loss was correlated with a drought tolerance index (DTI), estimated from the yield in unirrigated

Cotton is a valuable fiber crop which supplies raw material to more than 50 industries and is produced in more than 70 countries worldwide. The superiority of cotton fiber over other crops is primarily dependent on its quality. However, further improvements in fiber length and strength are required for modern processing technology and for cotton to maintain its position in the global market. Association

In addition to Circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1) and Late elongated hypocotyl (LHY), Reveille/LHY-CCA1-LIKE (RVE/LCL) genes are known as clock regulators in plants. So far, the association of RVE expression with anthocyanin accumulation has been reported only in Arabidopsis and pear. In this study, Brassica oleracea RVE5 (BoRVE5) was selected as a candidate gene to develop a PCR marker to predict

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food and energy crop worldwide. As the closest related wild progenitor of maize, teosinte (Z. mays ssp. Parviglumis) can, therefore, be a rich resource for useful variants lost during domestication. Here, we used the maize inbred line, B73, as the recurrent parent and a teosinte subspecies, K67-11, as the donor, and constructed a introgression line (IL) population. In

In serious situations, soybean white mold (SWM) disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary can result in yield losses of up to 60%. Current management of the disease involves an integrated approach with a high dependence on fungicides; however, fungicide usage increases production costs and environmental pollution. Alternatively, using resistant cultivars may be another effective way

Fruit shape index (round shape) and seed size have important effects on pumpkin yield. To investigate these traits and to create the most desirable state, a cross was made between two pumpkin cultivars. This study aimed to estimate the main gene effects (additive, dominant and di-genic epistasis) and to determine the mode of inheritance for fruit shape and seed size by generation mean analysis. Six

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a member of genus Potyvirus, which causes worldwide soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield loss and seed quality deterioration. It is of great significance to find new resistance loci and genes for cultivation of soybean variety. In the present study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) panel, which contained 193 lines

A late leaf spot resistant breeding line VG 9514 was bred through interspecific hybridization between Arachis hypogaea L. and Arachis cardenasii. Genetic study involving segregation for late leaf spot resistance in 164 F2 and recombinant inbred line populations derived from a cross between VG 9514 X TAG 24 revealed duplicate recessive resistance for the disease. Integration of newly developed SSR markers

The development of lines with high performance and stability for synthesis of superior hybrids is the most expensive and time-consuming phase in maize hybrid breeding. Several times, due to available resources, only a part of possible hybrid combinations is tested. Therefore, the breeder needs methods that allow the evaluation of genotypes untested in the field. This work was carried out with the objective

Drought is the main stress for agriculture, and maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Sahara has been identified as potential source of drought tolerance; however, information about adaptation of semitropical maize germplasm from the Sahara to temperate areas has not been reported. Our objective was assessing the adaptation of maize germplasm from Saharan oases as sources of drought tolerance for

Selection of grazing-tolerant lucerne (Medicago sativa) germplasm with low autumn dormancy and erect growth habit, suitable to environments with mild winters, is hindered by genetically-based tradeoffs among these traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) may help overcoming the difficulty of phenotypic selection and hasten the breeding process. Over 400 progenies from four bi-parental crosses between

Grain morphology is an important agronomic trait since its strongly associated with thousand kernel weight, which is one of the main objectives for high–yield wheat breeding. The grain morphology–related traits were controlled by QTLs which were pyramided in wheat cultivars. To detect more genetic variants for grain morphology–related traits in improved varieties, a panel of 543 wheat accessions were

The phenotype and adaptability of an individual tree is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this study, the genetic parameters of growth traits for 40 poplar clones at three different sites (Lishu, Cuohai, and Fujin) in northeastern China were investigated and analyzed. ANOVAs showed that all effects were significantly different (P < 0.001). The phenotypic coefficients of variation

Genomic selection (GS) is an efficient way for trait improvement in crops. GS for kernel dehydration rate (KDR) has not been reported until now. The elite single-cross hybrid Zhengdan958 is the most widely planted hybrid in China, but has slow KDR and high grain moisture at harvest that seriously hamper mechanical harvesting efficiency. The present study aimed to determine whether GS is an effective

Interspecific hybrid Cucurbita rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) are the most widely used rootstocks for Cucurbitaceous vegetables in the world. In recent years, scientists have focused on understanding and exploiting root architectures as new opportunities for crop improvement. Selection of parents and hybrids based on combining ability test is an effective approach in interspecific

Salinity tolerance plays an important role in direct seeding cultivation since tolerance to salinity at the bud burst stage of rice directly affects seedling formation and yield. However, information on the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with salinity tolerance at the bud burst stage is limited. Here, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from a cross between Kongyu131 (salinity-sensitive)

An efficient hybrid breeding program defines and utilizes a few heterotic groups. Objectives of this study were to determine genetic diversity and alignment of South Africa maize inbred lines collection towards tropical and temperate testers. Forty-four maize inbred lines were genotyped with 56,110 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 40 lines were crossed to two tropical and two

Caraway (Carum carvi) is a medicinal and aromatic plant of the Apiaceae family with a long history of cultivation. To this day, improvements in yield and essential oil content are desirable. In the past, line breeding was used to increase essential oil content with the final intention of combining inbred lines to a synthetic variety by outcrossing. Outcrossing should overcome inbreeding depression

Understanding the genetic basis for forage yield traits is essential for forage sorghum and sudangrass hybrid breeding. In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map using a recombinant inbred line population between sorghum Tx623A and sudangrass Sa using RAD-seq and performed QTL mapping for plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), tiller number (TN), total shoot fresh weight (FW) and total

The high lignin content of the seed hull of oilseed rape leads to its black seed color compared to yellow seeded soybean. Reducing lignin and increasing oil and protein content is an important breeding aim in oilseed rape. The objective of the present study was to analyze the inheritance of two rapeseed genetic resources with reduced lignin content in the seeds and to elucidate the effects on seed

Rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica) carries alleles that can broaden the genetic base of the spring canola. QTL analysis was performed by using a doubled haploid and a pedigree population of rutabaga × spring canola to identify the genomic regions of rutabaga controlling clubroot resistance, vernalization requirement and days-to-flowering and seed oil, protein, erucic acid and glucosinolate

Grain yield and seed size are key breeding objectives for the chickpea breeding program in Morocco. Six winter-type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties released between 1992 and 2015, and two candidate lines, were evaluated under different environments in order to study the stubility of grain yield and seed size across locations and to assess the genetic gain.. The varieties and candidates lines

Mangalore melon (Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. acidulus) is a non-dessert melon, extensively grown in the coastal districts of South India, but hardly known to the rest of the World. Immature or mature fruits of Mangalore melon are used in preparation of delicious dishes such as vegetable stew, chutneys and curries. They are appreciated for nutritional values, long shelf life and biotic stress resistance

With globalization and easy access to information, a consumer market that is more conscious and focused on the search for superior quality coffees appears.

Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) disease is one of the most destructive viral diseases that threatens rice production in China. Breeding of resistant cultivars through multi-gene pyramiding is considered to be an effective way to control the disease, but few resistance genes have been characterized to date. In the present study, we identified T1012, a BC2F6 line from a cross of the japonica

Soybean provides abundant dietary proteins for humans and livestock. However, the low content of sulfur-containing amino acids [SAA, including methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys)] in soybean protein limits the quality and prevents it from becoming an ideal food and feed ingredient. Thus, the exploration of novel high-SAA soybean germplasm and identification of related genes is necessary. In this study

Genetic approaches often lead to the most cost-effective and efficient means to improve crops, especially those grown widely. But for most crops, cotton included, genetic improvement efforts have focused far more on above-ground plant attributes than on root systems. Root system establishment is crucial to cotton seedling success, subsequent development, crop performance and sustainability. As a first

Mulberry (Morus spp.) has always been a favorite plant of gardners, farmers and researchers because of its edible fruits, medicinal properties and timber. We have investigated the morphological, physiological and chemical variabilities of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry genotypes grown in four regions of Iran. Among the genotypes assessed, fresh fruit weight varied

Fusarium wilt (FW, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum Atk. Sny & Hans) race 4 (FOV4) in cotton was originally identified in India and has become a serious problem in the US production. The cultivated diploid or Asiatic cotton species (Gossypium arboreum L. and G. herbaceum L.) may contain resistance to FOV4, because both the host and the pathogen originated from the same region. In addition to Pima

A nursery comprising 25 elite bread wheat genotypes were evaluated to identify the sources of resistance to wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT), under artificial and natural infection experiments in three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020 in two different locations of Bangladesh. Seedling evaluation results revealed the absence of resistant and most genotypes displayed

Experimental results are brought together to demonstrate that forage kale population improvement involving full-sib and selfed families can be done on an annual cycle, followed by production of a synthetic cultivar. Furthermore, this new breeding method compares favourably with the two successful methods used to date, namely triple-cross hybrid cultivars from inbreeding and crossbreeding programmes

Reductions in either lignin concentration or ferulate cross-linking have been shown to be independent mechanisms for increasing herbage digestibility by increasing the enzymatic degradability of cell-wall polysaccharides. However, both of these traits are frequently associated with reductions in agronomic fitness, including dwarfing, developmental abnormalities, and loss of persistence. The objective

One way to transfer apomixis (asexual reproduction through seeds) to major crops could be through genetic transformation, but for this a set of transgenes that triggers each of the involved processes should be generated. Although most angiosperms require an endospermic balance number (EBN) for normal endosperm development, tetraploid Paspalum notatum is EBN- insensitive. Here, a candidate gene (GG13)

Molecular markers are largely used to assist in crop improvement with the aim to achieve more favorable results in reduced time. In this study, we applied scientometric approaches to investigate and describe the application of molecular markers in genetic studies of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A total of 671 articles, available on Thomson Reuters Web of Science database, published between

In pepper haploid breeding, the low natural doubling rate is a major bottleneck. Artificially inducing haploids chromosome doubling can obtain pepper diploids and improve haploid breeding efficiency. While there is no effective way reported in pepper up to now. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pepper microsporogenesis and flower development to guide diploid induction and also

Among rice (Oryza sativa L.) bacterial leaf blight (BB), which is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, plays a pivotal role in decreasing rice yield. It is reported to be the most serious constraint to improving rice yield. The present investigation assessed the potentiality of BB resistance and molecular characterization of 100 rice accessions for four major BB resistance genes, viz., Xa4, xa5

As the diploid progenitor of the D genome of common wheat, Aegilops tauschii contains abundant genetic resources for potential economic traits, including yield, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, phenotypic variation for 4 grain shapes in 221 Ae. tauschii accessions was evaluated in 5 environments for 2 consecutive crop seasons, and best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) for grain

Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are important micronutrients for human health and well-being. Groundnut kernels are good sources of Fe and Zn. Localization studies of Fe and Zn in the kernel tissues of ten diverse groundnut genotypes revealed that, cotyledons contribute nearly 85–90% of total Fe and Zn in comparison to seed coat and embryo on dry matter basis. Generation mean analysis revealed the predominant

T1RS.1BL wheat-rye translocation has been widely used in wheat breeding owing to agronomically beneficial genes located on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1RS). Although numerous methods have been developed to identify wheat lines possessing 1RS, there are some limits to their practical application in large breeding populations. In this study, we developed 10 homoeologous markers specific to each

Direct seeding is becoming a popular method of rice production in many rice-growing areas. Therefore, rice early seedling vigour (ESV) has also become an important agricultural research topic. To explore more genetic loci related to ESV, we used a germplasm resource containing 200 indica varieties genotyped by sequencing (GBS), and 161,657 high-quality SNPs were obtained. Nine phenotypes associated

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most problematic pathogens affecting tobacco production. Genetic resistance to PVY in cultivated tobacco is mediated by recessive mutations, including the locus designated VAM, and its derived mutant va, both of which were previously shown to contain large chromosomal deletions. Among the genes deleted in lines containing VAM or va is eIF4E1.S, a gene whose protein

A number of different strategies have been utilized to introduce parthenocarpy into tomato commercial cultivars. In this study, we evaluated three segregating populations (F2, F3, and F4) derived from conventional crossing between iaa9-3 mutant in Micro-Tom and an inbred pure tomato line V62. The mutation caused potato leaf style and high parthenocarpic fruit set ratio (nearly 90%). Introducing iaa9-3

Coriander, Coriandrum sativum L., is globally cultivated for various purposes, including cooking, cosmetics and traditional medicine. Coriander has been cultivated for thousands of years and desiccated coriander fruits were found in various Mediterranean archaeological sites. The existence of wild coriander that is not a cultivation escapee is questioned. This work aimed to determine whether coriander

In chickpea a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population was developed using eight parents that are improved varieties and widely adaptable breeding lines. The main objective was to enhance the genetic diversity and bring novel alleles for developing superior chickpea varieties. The development scheme involved a sequence of 28 two-way, 14 four-way and 7 eight-way crosses, followed

Stability of combining ability and the nature and extent of genetic and genotype × environment interaction is poorly understood in orchardgrass especially under climate change conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of orchardgrass families in order to facilitate comparison among HS families and environments and identify suitable families for future breeding

Utilization of resistance (R) genes to breed resistant cultivars is one of the most effective and economical approach to control rice bacterial blight (BB). Xa7, a dominant, broad-spectrum and durable BB-resistant gene, is an ideal gene resource to improve the resistance of rice varieties to bacterial blight, and this well-known gene with important breeding value has been cloned in our recent study

The transcriptome sequencing approach RNA-seq represents a powerful tool for transcriptional analysis and development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for nonmodel crop. In the Perilla crop, analysis of the distribution of different repeat motifs showed that the most abundant type was dinucleotide repeats (62.0%), followed by trinucleotide repeats (35.3%), with the two together comprising 97

In the above mentioned publication, the affiliations of the last 4 authors were interchanged.

The papaya (Carica papaya L.) breeding program carried out by UENF has endeavored to develop resistant genotypes. A way to obtain such materials and broaden their genetic base is by incorporating resistance alleles extracted from dioecious genotypes into breeding programs. This study aimed to examine the morpho-agronomic attributes and aspects of resistance to black spot and phoma spot in a new hermaphrodite

Health benefits associated with high amylose starch have drawn scientific interest to elevate amylose content in wheat. Despite of several attempts, the elucidation of genetic factors behind high amylose biosynthesis remains unclear. We identified variation for amylose content in a bi-parental population (F2:3), developed by crossing of high amylose donor ‘TAC 75’ and high yielding variety ‘WH 1105’

Genetic analysis of phenotypic variations of traits under drought stress to identify associated loci will facilitate crop improvement and performance in marginalized drought-prone areas. To this end, we identified genomic regions/loci underlying variations among recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of WAB638-1/BRS-PRIMAVERA rice under drought stress and control environments using diversity array technology

Papaya is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide and its production depends on the availability of varieties that meet the consumer market demands. This study aimed to evaluate papaya inbred lines and select the best lines for fruit quality. A population of 97 lines of F5 generation, that was conducted via Single Seed Descent method from the F2 generation and derived from the crossing between

Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) and brown rust are major plant diseases that disrupt sugarcane production. Identifying disease-resistant parental lines offers an efficient strategy for controlling these diseases in sugarcane. The aim of this study was to clarify the occurrence of RSD and the distribution of the major brown rust resistance gene Bru1 among commonly used sugarcane breeding parents in China

Colletotrichum scovillei is one of the most virulent Colletotrichum species causing chili anthracnose worldwide. Capsicum baccatum ‘PBC80’, a highly resistant genotype to Co. scovillei, has been used in several chili breeding programs in Asia. A homozygous C. baccatum population derived from a cross ‘PBC80’ x ‘CA1316’ was achieved comprising 97 recombinant inbred lines. Anthracnose resistance was assessed