In this study, we summarized the evolution of scientific research about fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. We retrieved research articles from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database that reported studies of the Asian soybean rust (ASR) from 1945 to 2018. We applied the scientometric analysis of the temporal trends of authors, journals, research

Ear traits play a vital role in maize (Zea mays) yield. The ear angle (EA) has an obvious impact on corn yield and planting density as well as other maize ear traits. However, the genetic control of EA is still unclear. In this study, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for EA from four recombinant inbred line populations, BY815/DE3, BY815/K22, CI7/K22 and Mo17/X26-4, which were grown in three

Recent innovations in breeding technologies have reduced the timeframe to develop improved plant varieties compared to conventional breeding processes. Technologies like speed breeding, or rapid generation advancement, may also accelerate the process of statutory variety registration. Within this procedure, improved varieties are required to satisfy distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) criteria

Hybrid wheat breeding programs need to use chemical hybridizing agents for seed production due to its simplicity. Alternative methods such as cytoplasmic systems or hand pollinations restrict genetic combinations or seed production which limits testing experimental hybrids in large-scale multi-environment trials (METs). Using F2 seed instead of F1 can allow programs to test hybrid cross combinations

Although not essential to most plant species, silica plays an important role in the protection of plants against different types of stress. In monocots, the main role of silica is protection against herbivores. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood yet, it is clear that silica discourages the grazing of herbivores. Hence, high silica concentrations are unwanted in forage crops and grasses

In Argentina, the yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under suboptimal temperatures of temperate regions and during early sowing in tropical regions depends on its low-temperature germinability (LTG) and subsequent cold tolerance at the seedling stage (CTS). This study focused on the phenotyping and identification of contrasting henotypes for LTG and CTS of 18 rice genotypes genotyped with 49

Phenolic compounds (PCs) are important biomolecules as they affect processing (color, aroma, and taste quality of bread, and grain hardness) and nutrition quality (antioxidant and other health benefits). This study identified a set of 115 PCs by screening 100 Indian bread wheat varieties that showed wide variation in PCs content. These PCs were classified into 29 phenolic acid and their derivative

The introgression of genes from the wild species S. pimpinellifolium has the potential to improve tomato commercial varieties for numerous fruit quality traits. One of particular interest for fresh-market tomatoes is long shelf life (SL). Twenty-two near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed in three to four backcrosses using S. pimpinellifolium accession LA0722 as the donor parent, based on phenotypic

In the present study for the first-time genetics and nature of gene action for resistance to bud necrosis disease in tomato was deciphered based on mechanical sap inoculation under the environment-controlled glasshouse conditions with the pure culture of GBNV. To accomplish this study, two resistant (IIHR-2901 and IIHR-2953) and one susceptible parent (PKM-1) were used to generate F1, F2, BC1P1 and

Spike length (SL), fertile spikelet number per spike (SNS), thousand grain weight (TGW) and plant height (PH) are important agronomic traits related to yield in wheat. By the 55 K SNP assay, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map with 186 F6 recombinant inbred lines developed between Chinese landrace wheat Banmangzi and an elite variety Jimai 22. Eighteen QTLs for SL, SNS, TGW and PH were

Cowpea is a health-promoting diploid legume species [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 2n = 2x = 22]. The annual cowpea production is 5.4 million tons of dry seed globally. Despite the fact that cowpea is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, some genotypes with excellent agronomic traits such as high yield under sufficient water supplies have been reported to be highly drought-susceptible, thus still

Current weather pattern predictions show the increase in winter temperatures globally. This could have a detrimental effect on fruit grown in temperate environments like the southern part of Africa. A rise in winter temperatures would lead to the non-fulfilment of chill requirements of fruit crops and subsequent losses. A need therefore arises to breed for good quality fruit varieties with a lower

Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. mutica is widely distributed in the Zagros Mountains in Iran and its fruits are used as food. In the present study, the morphological and pomological variation of naturally grown male and female genotypes of this species was investigated. Considerable variations were observed among male and also among female genotypes studied based on the characters measured. Leaf length

Early maturity is an important target of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) breeding programs. The selection and popularization of early-maturing cotton cultivars have significantly alleviated the problem of optimizing farmland cropping systems when planting cotton and cereals. However, breeding early-maturity cotton with high yields and high-quality crops is sharply constrained by the genetic complexity

Associating desirable agronomic characters of sweet peppers and resistance to bacterial spot (BS) has been challenging plant breeders, especially when seeking durable resistance. In this work, we select BS resistant progenies with desirable agronomic characteristics by mixed model. F2:3 plants derived from sixty F2 individuals from crosses between pure lines UENF 2285 (susceptible) × UENF 1381 (resistant)

In the current study, the morphological traits in 222 individuals of the UCP-C0 base population were evaluated to distinguish the phenotypic variability and thus to be used in the papaya recurrent selection program. The studied traits showed considerable differences among the individuals. The fruit weight ranged from 279.7 to 1808.0 g with average of 859.7 g, the number of commercial fruits ranged

Cottonseed is the second-most common plant protein source after soybean, and the fifth-most common oil source after soybean, palm tree, colza and sunflower. There has been little economic incentive until recently to breed for cottonseed nutritional components. In our previous studies we used chromosome substitution (CS) lines to associate novel traits of importance with specific substituted chromosome

Cold stress is one of the major abiotic stress factors influencing photosynthesis in rice. In the present study, a linkage analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) of photosynthesis-related traits (PRT) at the grain filling stage of rice, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Sc), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), were performed under

Cross-breeding between cultivars of Satsuma mandarins is difficult because of the seeds’ polyembryonic characteristics. Even if a seed is obtained by hybridization, the seed contains only one zygotic embryo (hybrid embryo) and many nucellar embryos. Therefore, for efficient cross-breeding, it is necessary to select a zygotic embryo from among the nucellar embryos. To identify the zygotic embryo, we

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the major food crops serving millions of people in the semi-arid regions of the world but its production is curtailed by anthracnose, among other challenges. Breeding high yielding and anthracnose resistant sorghum cultivars is an overriding goal for water-limited environments that experience high humid conditions, including Ethiopia. The objective of

Among all the insect pests, brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is one of the most destructive pests of rice causing severe yield losses. In this study, an attempt was made to map QTL associated with resistance to BPH using a RIL (F7) population derived from the cross Swarna/PTB33 using standard seedling seedbox screening technique (SSST) at seedling stage, modified

Chilli pepper is a widely spread vegetable crop and one of the main spices used all over the world. Its properties comprise high antioxidant capacity and content of several healthy-related compounds including vitamin C, carotenoids and capsaicinoids. In countries of the Mediterranean basin, chilli production is largely based on local varieties traditionally selected for open field conditions, although

Flower shape and colour are key plant traits which are often strongly correlated with pollinator choice and reproductive isolation. To understand the genetic changes underlying variation in these traits, we performed the first QTL analyses of these traits in Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae) using a segregating backcross (BC) population of (S. rexii × S. grandis) × S. grandis. Composite traits of floral

Bacterial blight (BB, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum, Xcm) is a worldwide disease of cotton (Gossypium spp.). The disease has been effectively controlled through the use of BB resistant cultivars and planting of acid-delinted seed. However, a resurgence of BB has been noted in the US in recent years due to the spread of Xcm race 18 and growing of susceptible transgenic cultivars, which

Diseases such as Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (FOV), a soil borne fungal pathogen, represent expanding threats to cotton (Gossypium spp.) production around the world. For over a decade, FOV race 4 (FOV4) has adversely impacted cotton production in California’s San Joaquin Valley causing plant wilt and death. With this disease formally identified in 2019 in New Mexico

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most widely-grown natural fiber crop used by the textile industry. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) comprised of eight nominal pathogenic races, is one of the most destructive diseases in cotton. FOV race 4 (FOV4) is an emerging threat to cotton production in the US. In this study, a total of 3258 lines including 3080 Upland (G. hirsutum)

The knowledge about the genetic basis of alkaline salt stress and neutral salt stress in rice is limited. Here, we located quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed germination rate (GR) under alkaline salt stress (NaHCO3) and neutral salt stress (NaCl) using backcross inbred lines population, which was derived from a cross between indica cv. Changhui 891 (CH891) and japonica cv. 02428 with 3057 bins

Cabbage is a globally cultivated vegetable with obvious heterosis. The main method used for cabbage breeding is the creation of hybrid combinations with inbred lines, and how to combine the parents plays a crucial role in cabbage breeding. Therefore, it is urgent to classify heterotic groups by molecular markers. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed on the basis

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting wheat growth. Evaluation of a structured population over seasons and moisture conditions allow for the detection of genes involved in drought tolerance. The aims of the present study were to analyze root and agronomic characters under two moisture conditions and identify marker-trait associations in 220 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] is an important cucurbit crop cultivated worldwide. In an effort to map WBNV resistance, the current study consisted of two populations derived from a WBNV resistant accession, IIHR-82 belonging to Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Syn. Citrullus amarus). The first population is a backcross inbred population (BC1F6) of 141 families (Pop I) that

Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits in soybean. The semi-dwarf soybean cultivars could improve lodging resistance and solar radiation use efficiency so as to increase soybean yield. However, the inheritance of semi-dwarf traits has not been intensively studied and few semi-dwarf genes have been isolated in soybean. In this study, we use specific-length amplified fragment sequencing

Heterosis plays an important role in the breeding of commercial crops, but the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unclear. To better understand the molecular basis of heterosis in soybean, the correlation between DNA methylation status and heterosis in soybean was tested. From three soybean varieties used as parents, six hybrid combinations were generated. Twelve traits of the nine

The most popular beverage worldwide, coffee, is responsible for a billionaire market chain with arabica coffee leading the production. Coffee breeding programs are focusing on high yield, excellent beverage quality, and disease resistance, but the bienniality comes to a challenge to overcome bean production. The bienniality, the seasonal variation between high and low yielding, is a genetically controlled

Phosphorus deficiency is one of the major factors limiting plant growth and grain yield. Improving plant tolerance to Pi deficiency through genetic mechanism is an important source to increase grain yield. In this study, bioinformatics analysis, expression, and natural variation in ZmNAC134 gene with low Pi tolerant traits were analyzed under low Pi conditions. A total of 177 diverse heterotic groups

Germplasm collections of major crops include thousands of accessions whose agronomic evaluation is prevented by high costs, while their molecular characterization is getting increasingly affordable. This study aimed to assess the consistency between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) landrace diversity measures relative to adaptation pattern, eleven morphophysiological traits, and four genotyping strategies

Sex determination in papaya plants is a practice of great importance, given the greater commercial interest in hermaphrodite plants. This process is laborious, requiring plant three to five seedlings per hill since the sex types are identified by the flowers four months after planting. The objective of the present study was to perform sexing on papaya seeds through molecular markers by collecting a

White bulb colors of onion (Allium cepa L.) are determined by the C and I loci which control the so-called recessive and dominant white bulb colors, respectively. To identify the causal gene responsible for the I locus, a combined approach of bulked segregant analysis and RNA-Seq was used in the present study. A total of 68 contigs containing homozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between

In response to the new requirements of the sugar-energy sector, sugarcane breeding programs are addressing the selection of clones for different purposes, e.g., sucrose production, ethanol production for first-generation (1G) and second-generation (2G) biofuels. Consequently, agronomic variables such as fiber content, sucrose content and biomass yield, become more relevant in the selection process

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a crop that has high potential to be used for bioenergy generation. The objective of this study was to introgression of the bmr6 allele in elite lines of biomass sorghum and to obtain experimental “brown midrib” hybrids. Three genetic materials belonging to the Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Breeding Program were used. Two backcross programs were conducted separately, in which

The study of the potential of a plant population makes the selection of a breeding program more efficient, allowing satisfactory genetic gains and identifying the potential of this population, among others, for advances in generations. The genetic potential of Eucalyptus benthamii is still poorly studied. This species has relevant characteristics for increasing productivity, frost tolerance and, mainly

The wild relatives of crops represent a rich reservoir of genes for introducing resilience to climate change into cultivated crops. To introgress genes from Sinapis alba, a wild relative of Brassicaceae, into Brassica juncea, a cultivated member of this family, we initially produced somatic hybrids between the two species and then produced a large number of backcross populations involving the two somatic

Few resistance genes providing defence against the major fungal diseases septoria tritici blotch (STB), septoria nodorum blotch, leaf rust (LR), and an emerging wheat blast disease have been identified in durum wheat. We identified sixteen fungal disease-associated QTL through genome-wide association mapping of 180 inbred lines sampled from a durum wheat Composite Cross-population. Two STB resistance-associated

The consequences of recurrent drought events compared with a single drought and its interaction with deliberate selfing, compared with open-pollination on post-stress recovery, persistence, and drought memory, are not understood in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). A long term study was started by creating 25 selfed (S1) and 25 open-pollinated progeny of orchardgrass in 2012. Populations were studied

Distant hybridization can enrich the genetic background and diversity of crops by combining different species, and integrate the favorable parental traits or create heterosis. In the present study, intergeneric hybridization was performed between radish and turnip and between radish and Chinese kale by hand emasculation followed by tissue culture of putative hybrid seeds. A total of three and one hybrids

In the maize producing regions of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), compounding effects of genotype-by-environment interaction have necessitated breeding maize for outstanding performance and stability across varying environments. This study was conducted to assess the performance and stability of late-maturing cultivars and their respective hybrids evaluated under contrasting environments in the tropical

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) is an important grain legume for human and livestock nutrition, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae), is one of the most widespread and destructive insect pests of cowpea and host-plant resistance is an effective approach to minimize the pest damage at seedling stage. This study was aimed at identifying resistant sources

Little attention has been paid to indigenous plum accessions and their distribution in many parts of Iran despite their importance as genetic resources and sources of germplasm. In this study, we used morphological and pomological characteristics to elucidate the phenotypic diversity of 79 autochthonous plum (Prunus domestica L.) accessions. Significant differences were observed among the accessions

Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum kahawae destroys about 80% of the crop on susceptible Coffea arabica cultivars if no control is applied. Resistance to CBD is governed by three genes: T, R that are dominant, and the recessive k in varieties Hibrido de Timor, Rume Sudan (RS), and K7 respectively. The marker for the T-gene had earlier been identified. The study

Multi-environment testing at five locations for rust and late leaf spot (LLS) resistance with 41 introgressed lines (ILs) bred using marker-assisted backcross breeding in the genetic background Spanish-type groundnut varieties identified significant genotype, and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) for LLS disease resistance and yield parameters. Significant GEI effects suggest the need to identify

Agronomic performance of maize is subject to genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI), necessitating multi-environment evaluation to identify superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the adaptation range of hybrids developed from crossing tropical with temperate maize lines for improving yield stability and select hybrids with broad and specific adaptation in five sites across

Common bunt (CB), caused by Tilletia caries and T. foetida, and dwarf bunt (DB), caused by T. controversa, are particularly destructive diseases of wheat grown under organic (low-input) production conditions and negatively affect both grain yield and quality. A total of 16 race specific bunt resistance genes have been proposed to date. Thereof, only Bt9 and Bt10 have been mapped so far. A mapping and

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop for starch production, and recently much effort has been directed towards improving its starch properties. Waxy cassava starch has some advantages over starch from other sources due to its neutral flavor and pasting properties. The genetic inheritance of the waxy starch phenotype is considered to be monogenic and recessive; however, it is possible

In the above-mentioned publication, an unfortunate mistake occurred in the title as the scientific name of maize should read: Zea mays L.. The original article has been corrected, and the proper title is also provided here.

The identification of stable and adaptable high yielding cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and highly discriminative environments will be useful for elite cultivar development in South Africa. Two statistical models, the Additive main effects multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype, genotype by environment biplot analysis have been used extensively to identify superior genotypes and

Sclerotinia rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating disease on oilseed rape and mustard worldwide. While the focus to effectively control yield losses from Sclerotinia has been on locating stem resistance, resistance to leaf and to early (cotyledon) stage resistance to this pathogen are also important, both not only limiting additional plant damage, but also inoculum

Conventional American cultivars of coffee are no longer adapted to global warming. Finding highly productive and stable cultivars in different environments without neglecting quality characteristics has become a priority for breeders. In this study, new Arabica F1 hybrids clones were compared to conventional American varieties in seven contrasting environments, for yield, rust incidence and volume

Pollen genotype selection for genes expressed in both the haploid and diploid phases of the plant life cycle can lead to correlated responses detectable in the sporophyte. Here, Impact of pollen selection for heat tolerance was assessed in segregating population of maize. Two subsets of F1 were made among which one was self-fertilized with heat treated pollen grains while other set by normal pollen

Salinity stress is the most prominent stress impacting rice productivity worldwide. In the past, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salinity tolerance had been identified in rice, however their utilization in rice breeding programs is largely confounded due to the unwanted linkage drag associated with the QTL region. Thus, it is strongly desirable to delimit the QTL region to a least possible

In common bean breeding programs, experiments are conducted in different environments to select plants with high potential for inbred lines extraction and/or recombination. The occurrence of genetic and/or statistical unbalance is common in these experiments. Moreover, there may be (co)variance between genetic and non-genetic effects when treatments are assessed in different environments. Our aim was

In winter oilseed rape shoot elongation before winter is considered as a critical component of the complex trait winter hardiness. Genotypes with an enhanced shoot length before winter are very much prone to frost damage. However, it is not known to which extent shoot elongation before winter is related to vernalization requirement. Shoot length measured 3 months after sowing of winter oilseed rape