Orobanche cumana Wallr. is an important new problem for sunflower crop in Tunisia. Little information is available on the behavior of sunflower to O. cumana infestation in this region. Research activities are focusing on screening some sunflower accessions in order to identify resistant ones and to develop other cultural and biological methods to use them in integrated way to reduce the impact of this

In Mexico, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is grown mainly for export, but its production is affected by various pests and diseases. Plants with mosaic and chlorotic mottling symptoms were collected in Iguala, Mexico. The transmission tests revealed that the disease was not transmitted neither by seed nor by mechanical means. However, it was transmitted by grafting and by insect vectors. The entire

False codling moth (FCM) has emerged as a major constraint to the production of horticultural crops in Kenya and is currently the leading cause of interceptions of Capsicum and cut flowers exported to European Union. Use of pesticides to control this pest is not only unsustainable, uneconomical but also contributes to interceptions of export produce due to higher levels of pesticide residues in the

The Alphaproteobacterium Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, “A. fa brum”) can live in close association with the sebacinoid fungus Serendipita (syn. Piriformospora) indica that forms a mutualistic Sebacinalean symbiosis with a wide range of host plants. The endobacterial strain R. radiobacter F4 (RrF4), which was originally isolated from the fungus, has plant growth promotion and

Phomopsis asparagi has been reported as a serious disease, causing stem blight on asparagus cultivars (Asparagus officinalis), and this fungus was also recorded as a common spot disease on wild asparagus (A. kiusianus). In this study, isolates of P. asparagi obtained from A. officinalis and A. kiusianus in different locations of the Kyushu island were successfully assessed the genetic variation through

Pseudococcus maritimus status as an economic pest increased substantially after it was identified as a key vector of most grape vine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). Of these viruses, GLRaV-3 is the most economically destructive. Current control recommendations for slowing the spread of GLRaVs include one to two applications of insecticides to reduce vector populations. Systemic insecticides require

Of 111 rhizobacteria isolated from finger millet, 30 isolates exhibiting antagonism against Pyricularia grisea (22.22–44.44%) and Rhizoctonia solani (22.22–38.89%) were selected for functional characterization and in vitro interaction with pathogens. Appraisal of rhizobacteria for antimetabolites revealed HCN production by 3, ammonia production by all (0.80–4.39 µmol/ml) and H2S production by 5 isolates

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is a staple food in many African and South Asian countries and is ranked fourth among millets produced worldwide. Finger millet crops are affected by a number of diseases, including blast disease, which is the most destructive and widely distributed disease of the world. It is generally caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. We observed blast like symptoms in

Recent observations of increasing incidences of potato plants showing blackleg symptoms have caused serious concern for potato growers and traders in Egypt. Potato plants showing blackleg and soft rot symptoms were sampled from main potato-growing areas in Egypt during three successive seasons. Dickeya spp., Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pectobacterium atrosepticum were successfully isolated and identified

Sweetpotato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) is a species of virus that causes substantial yield losses in sweetpotato. In this study, twenty-four complete genomic sequences of SPLCV which identified from the sweetpotato samples collected from China, were calculated into four strains. A total of 11.9% isolates were recombinants, and ten recombination patterns were detected. In addition to C3, V1, IR and C1

The study describes the development and employment of plant tests based on artificial inoculation of seeds or the potting substrate for evaluating the potential of microorganisms to control seedling blight of maize caused by seed- and soil-borne fusaria. Nine strains of Fusarium were isolated from maize kernels and identified morphologically and by molecular methods as belonging to the species Fusarium

The European commission directive EC 128/2009 calls for monitoring pests and pathogens of major crops. The monitoring data may be analysed for trends over time, including tests for a potential loss of biodiversity in the domain of plant pests and pathogens. The monitoring programs carried out in Luxembourg since 2007 provided evidence for an increasing role of yellow rust and a decreasing role of brown

In the present study, repellent activity of three plant essential oils (EOs) [anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)] and their major components (trans-anethole, 1,8-cineole and L-menthol, respectively) was evaluated at five concentrations (3.6, 7.1, 14.3, 28.6 and 57.1 µl/l air) through Y-tube olfactometer against the rice weevil

The significance of nematodes for disease development caused by other soil-borne pathogens has been demonstrated in many crops throughout the world and specifically prevalent are interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes and species of plant pathogenic fungi. Here, the interaction between the fungus Rhizoctonia solani (AG2) and the migratory endoparasitic root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans

The potato-rot nematode Ditylenchus destructor (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) causes severe damage to garlic production in Japan. Nematode-contaminated garlic seed cloves are often used for planting, because nematode-infested cloves are difficult to discriminate from healthy ones. To be able to find nematode-infested garlic in a nondestructive way, here this study introduced a novel analytical system of

The fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important soil-borne diseases in sugar beet production worldwide. Root and crown rot caused by this fungus are traditionally recognized later in the cropping season by rating the above-ground symptoms like wilting and chlorosis on foliage, and dark brown lesions at the base of petioles. The present study was designed to evaluate noninvasive

Ankara Province is the biggest onion production area in Turkey, with around 510,414 tons yield per year. In 2018, symptomatic and asymptomatic 210 onion and 15 weed samples were collected from fields to be tested using DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR against Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and also against Shallot

The names of the varieties cultivated in the two study regions were given wrongly in the Materials and Methods section. The correct names are as follows.

(+)RNA viruses are skilled masters of manipulating cellular proteins to complete essential steps of virus infection: (1) translation and replication of viral (+)RNA; (2) virus movement to adjacent and distant cells; and (3) escape from plant defense. Immediately upon reaching the plant’s cytoplasm, viruses recruit plant translation factors to synthesize viral proteins and then replicate viral RNA.

Pathogenicity of seven Phytophthora species (P. plurivora, P. citricola, P. lacustris, P. gonapodyides, P. chlamydospora, P. pseudocryptogea and P. hydropathica) to ornamental plant Plectranthus scutellarioides was evaluated. Susceptibility of the tested plant to the selected pathogens was analyzed by a baiting technique with detached leaves and an infection of cuttings. P. pseudocryptogea was determined

Chemical composition of Algerian Mentha rotundifolia and Myrtus communis essential oils, their insecticidal activities and their impact on some biological parameters of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella were assessed. Results showed that M. rotundifolia essential oil contained piperitenone oxide (46.06%), d-limonene (9.10%), cis-piperitone oxide (6.81%), and endo-borneol (4.64%) as major

The main objective of the present study is to introduce a new and ecologically safe method for managing the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae. Therefore, Eucalyptus salubris leaves essential oils yield, chemical composition and its insecticidal activity against the adults of S. oryzae were evaluated. Moreover, a comparison of innovative and conventional extraction methods of Eucalyptus salubris essential

This study shows for the first time the effect of the fermentation filtrate of Myrothecium verrucaria, strain ZW-2, on four different species of plant-parasitic nematodes. Our results suggested that the fermentation filtrate of M. verrucaria inhibited hatching of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines eggs. The lowest egg hatching rates of H. glycines and M. incognita were 6.3% and 2.0%, respectively

Compatibility of the Turkish entomopathogenic nematode isolates Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) with six chemical pesticides registered for vegetable crops in Turkey was investigated. Mortality, infectivity, and reproduction capacity of pesticide-treated EPNs have been assessed. Our study indicated that imidacloprid and cyflumetofen showed no adverse effect

Gortyna xanthenes (Germar) and Depressaria erinaceella (Staudinger) are key pests of artichoke in Tunisia causing major losses. To this end, a 2-year field survey was carried out in order to assess possible damage caused by these two pests. The results showed that serious attacks were found on artichoke flower heads ranging from 17 to 26% and from 7 to 10% for D. erinaceella and G. xanthenes, respectively

Deoxynvalenol and aflatoxins are frequently studied in food products due to their prevalence and toxicity. Deoxynvalenol (DON) can cause diarrhea, dysentery, ataxia, mucosal bleeding and sudden death. It can cause immune system disorders, gastroenteritis, dermatitis and blood diseases such as aleukia (ATA) and aplastic anemia. DON causes anorexia and vomiting because it affects serotonin-mediated neurons

Common bean root microbiome was used to research for potential biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi as Fusarium sp., Macrophomina sp., and Alternaria sp. causal agents of root rot disease on host plants. Therefore, a bacterial collection of 90 endophytic and rhizospheric isolates was established from field-grown common bean plants in Tunisia and screened for their antifungal activity against

The inhibitory efficacy of rapamycin against potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied in vitro and under field conditions. The results showed that rapamycin was able to reduce radial growth, sclerogenesis as well as myceliogenic and carpogenic germinations of three isolates of the pathogen. Application of rapamycin markedly increased activity of chitin 1,4-β-chitobiosidase,

Herein, we used a metabolomics approach to identify biomarkers of Fusarium wilt infection in watermelon. The observed metabolic profiles of infected plants were genotype specific and distinct in leaf and stem tissues compared with roots. The leaf tissue of Fusarium wilt-symptomatic plants had detectable or elevated levels of jasmonic acid–isoleucine, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and melatonin

Apple replant disease (ARD) negatively affects growth and yield of apple plants worldwide. Fungi belonging to the Nectriaceae have often been isolated from roots grown in replant soils and thus are proposed among others as one biotic cause of the disease complex. Microscopic analyses of ARD-affected roots revealed characteristic symptoms associated with fungal infection sites. Here, two extraction

A survey was conducted in southern Alberta, Canada, to collect Fusarium stalk rot and Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease samples from corn and wheat fields, respectively, with an aim to understand the diversity in the population of Fusarium graminearum. From 77 wheat and 80 corn samples, 79 isolates of F. graminearum were obtained. These 79 isolates were evaluated for their growth rate, sporulation

Purpose Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides) is an important disease affecting Chinese olive [Canarium album (Lour.) Rauesch] production. Therefore, developing a rapid and accurate method for C. gloeosporioides detection is of great importance for early diagnosis and immediate control of anthracnose. Method In the following study, we designed specific primers targeting

Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), a strain of apple stem grooving virus, is a virus of citrus that is of commercial importance for trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and trifoliate hybrid rootstocks. Bud-union crease is a CTLV-induced incompatibly symptom observed with these rootstocks and citrus scions which results in stunted tree growth. CTLV is a regulated pathogen for most citrus budwood certification

Global production of tomato has been hampered by the increased incidences of tomato viral disease. The high genetic heterogeneity of tomato plant viruses, because of their high mutation rates, has lead to ineffective control strategies and the fast spread of the viruses. Viruses utilize the resources in host plants for their replication. Therefore, identification and removal of the non-redundant proteins

The leaf rust pathogen Thekopsora minima of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) was detected for the first time in Germany in 2015, in two nurseries in Lower Saxony. One introduction was related to recent import of plants from the USA, but the source of the other outbreak was unclear. In 2016, intensive surveillance was conducted of garden centres, tree nurseries, blueberry plantings, neglected

Agaricus bisporus, called as button mushroom, constitutes majority of the cultivated mushrooms in the world. Green mould, caused by Trichoderma species, is a destructive fungal disease causing epidemics in A. bisporus cultivation. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, a total of 71 samples including compost, casing soil and mushroom tissues were collected from mushroom farms in Antalya Province, Turkey. Of 24 Trichoderma

A survey to investigate the occurrence of cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) and distribution of Colletotrichum spp. in cassava plantations in different eco-zones of the Reconcavo Region in Bahia, Brazil, investigated during the rainy season of 2014. A total of 50 cassava fields distributed among 18 municipalities were visited and intensity of anthracnose evaluated. The highest disease incidence (DI)

Ginger is an important horticultural crop with high economic and nutritional value. However, it is prone to pathogenic bacterial infection that negatively affects growth, post-harvest quality, and reduced economic profits. The study of pathogenic bacteria associated with ginger disease through its productive life cycle is extremely valuable. In this study, we isolated a key pathogen Serratia marcescens

The entomopathogenic fungi are safe and ecofriendly biocontrol agents which can be applied against stored product pests. In this study, potentials of some Iranian isolates of Lecanicillium lecanii (PAL6, PAL7 and PAL8) and Lecanicillium muscarium to control Tribolium castaneum (AGM5) were investigated under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the LC50 and LT50 values of each isolates to adults

A major problem for potato production worldwide is Globodera rostochiensis. Field control of this nematode is difficult because of the high reproductive rate of this genus and its resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Biological control of nematodes is an increasingly popular strategy because it is effective and has low environmental impact. In this study, the potential of the nematophagous fungus

The present work aimed to assess the efficacy of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consortium “Rhizolive consortium” in alleviating Verticillium wilt symptoms in olive tree. Olive plants cultivar “Picholine Marocaine” were inoculated for three months with Rhizolive consortium and then infected with Verticillium dahliae pathogen. Our results showed that Rhizolive consortium inoculation highly improved

Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd), formerly known as pathogen in the genus Citrus and first detected in Slovenian hops in 2014, threatens hop production as it leads to important economic losses. Reduction in yield and quality and even death of the infected plants within a few years are typical observations due to CBCVd infections of hops. The viroid is easily transmitted and spreads rapidly. As it

This study investigated insecticidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil (EO) against Tribolium castaneum adults and its impacts on wheat flour quality. GC/MS analysis of the EOs of A. herba-alba showed a predominance of β-thujone (27.79%), camphor (22.65%), chrysanthenone (17.97%) and α-thujone (13.56%). Therefore, the median effective concentrations (LC50 value) of Artemisia herba-alba

Verticillium dahliae has been recently characterized as a heterothallic fungus having two MAT idiomorphs, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, which suggested that a putative sexual life cycle of the pathogen might exist. A successful mating in heterothallic fungi requires two individuals of opposite mating types present together in the same site. Co-occurrence of both mating types of V. dahliae has been investigated

The net form net blotch (NFNB) is a significant disease of barley. Its causal agent, Pyrenophora teres f. teres (PTT), has an important economic impact on yield and grain quality globally. However, the molecular interaction between PTT and barley is not fully understood. The plant–pathogen encounter comprises the secretion of diverse molecules involved in plant defence, including pathogenicity-related

Abstract The study was conducted to comprehend the facets of culturable endophytic diversity correlating with the fitness of cultivar. Tomato bacterial endophytes from cultivars Arka Rakshak (AR; multi-disease tolerant hybrid) and Pusa Ruby (PR; susceptible check) were isolated. Molecular identification quantified that only two genera Rhizobium and Bacillus were common in both cultivars out of fifteen

Cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes severe damage to Brassica vegetables. This study was conducted to evaluate the seasonal population dynamics of A. proletella and its parasitoids throughout the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in Düzce Province in Turkey. To estimate whitefly density and parasitism rates, collard leaf samples infested with whitefly were collected

In 2014, 45 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from Jinzhong City (Shanxi Province, China) that had never used Qo inhibitor (QoI)-type fungicides were characterised for sensitivity to picoxystrobin through growth inhibition tests with 100 μg/ml salicylhydroxamic acid. The isolates showed similar sensitivity, the EC50 values ranging from 0.021 to 0.197 μg/ml. Baseline sensitivity was distributed as unimodal

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viral pathogen limiting banana production globally. The aim of the present study was to test the presence of CMV infection in banana plants from Ethiopia. Dot immune-binding assay and RT-PCR of symptomatic leaves could detect CMV in 92% and 100% of the samples, respectively. Direct sequencing of the PCR product produced 292 bp long nucleotide

Silver scurf is a potato tuber disease caused by Helminthosporium solani, which has become an increasing problem in many regions of Russia. The fungicide thiabendazole is widely used to control silver scab. Its target of action is the beta-tubulin gene. Single nucleotide mutations in this gene lead to a multiple increase in the resistance of the strain to the fungicide. The resistance of 37 Helminthosporium

Bacillus species are promising agents for the biological control of postharvest diseases. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the bacterial strain J-1 was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus. The B. atrophaeus strain J-1 showed broad spectrum antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. In assays in vitro the metabolites

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) is among the most commonly used predatory mites in biological control programs. Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Trombidiformes: Tarsonemidae) are the important pest mite species in many agricultural crops worldwide. In the present study, the effect of diet (varying in prey

Six commercial bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated against leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) at two different locations in Egypt during three successive growing seasons, i.e., 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Correlation between eight weekly environmental factors: solar radiation, total precipitation, average wind speed, maximum wind speed, minimum air temperature, maximum air

In the study, we found rust in pistachio fruits and verified that it was caused by Tuberculina persicina, anamorph of Helicobasidium purpureum, through isolation and culture, microscopic observation, molecular identification and pathogenicity tests of Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of rust fruit in pistachio caused by Tuberculina persicina.

Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV), a member of the genus Becurtovirus, is one of the causal agents for curly top disease in tomato plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provide nutrients for host plants and are associated with their improved growth. However, the impact of AM on infection by plant viruses is not well understood. In this study, the interaction between Funneliformis mosseae and BCTIV

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is an important tree species of high economic value in southern China; however, between 2016 and 2018, the damping-off disease caused the death of whole Masson pine seedlings in Duyun, Guizhou Province, China. To improve the control and management of the disease, we identified symptoms and characterized the morphology, taxonomy and pathogenicity of the pathogens causing

There are several harmful and yield decreasing arthropod pests, which live within plant tissues, causing almost unnoticeable damage, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., Cydia pomonella L., Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Their ecological and biological features are rather known. The process leading to the damage is difficult to trace by means of conventional imaging techniques. In this review, optical techniques—X-ray

We compared the effectiveness of three different trap colours (blue, yellow and white) to identify the optimal trap colour for the monitoring of the thrips Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips tabaci, Thrips fuscipennis and Aeolothrips intermedius in the three pea cultivars, namely Polar, Izolda and Tarchalska. The number of captured thrips specimens was significantly affected by trap colour, pea cultivar

Alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation are needed for the phytosanitary treatment of log exports. Among the potential alternative, fumigants are phosphine, and sulfuryl fluoride, which are already in use for other commodities and are labeled for use on wood products. Ethanedinitrile is being used for log treatment in Australia and its registration for that purpose is being sought in other countries

Proliferation of citrus canker disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) has increasingly become a serious threat and has resulted in a significant loss in citrus production worldwide. This research aimed to identify efficient antagonistic bacteria for the biological control of canker disease in Citrus aurantifolia cultivar Pan (Pan-lime) and their antagonistic characteristics by experimental