This study shows for the first time the effect of the fermentation filtrate of Myrothecium verrucaria, strain ZW-2, on four different species of plant-parasitic nematodes. Our results suggested that the fermentation filtrate of M. verrucaria inhibited hatching of Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines eggs. The lowest egg hatching rates of H. glycines and M. incognita were 6.3% and 2.0%, respectively

Compatibility of the Turkish entomopathogenic nematode isolates Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) with six chemical pesticides registered for vegetable crops in Turkey was investigated. Mortality, infectivity, and reproduction capacity of pesticide-treated EPNs have been assessed. Our study indicated that imidacloprid and cyflumetofen showed no adverse effect

Gortyna xanthenes (Germar) and Depressaria erinaceella (Staudinger) are key pests of artichoke in Tunisia causing major losses. To this end, a 2-year field survey was carried out in order to assess possible damage caused by these two pests. The results showed that serious attacks were found on artichoke flower heads ranging from 17 to 26% and from 7 to 10% for D. erinaceella and G. xanthenes, respectively

Deoxynvalenol and aflatoxins are frequently studied in food products due to their prevalence and toxicity. Deoxynvalenol (DON) can cause diarrhea, dysentery, ataxia, mucosal bleeding and sudden death. It can cause immune system disorders, gastroenteritis, dermatitis and blood diseases such as aleukia (ATA) and aplastic anemia. DON causes anorexia and vomiting because it affects serotonin-mediated neurons

Common bean root microbiome was used to research for potential biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi as Fusarium sp., Macrophomina sp., and Alternaria sp. causal agents of root rot disease on host plants. Therefore, a bacterial collection of 90 endophytic and rhizospheric isolates was established from field-grown common bean plants in Tunisia and screened for their antifungal activity against

The inhibitory efficacy of rapamycin against potato white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was studied in vitro and under field conditions. The results showed that rapamycin was able to reduce radial growth, sclerogenesis as well as myceliogenic and carpogenic germinations of three isolates of the pathogen. Application of rapamycin markedly increased activity of chitin 1,4-β-chitobiosidase,

Herein, we used a metabolomics approach to identify biomarkers of Fusarium wilt infection in watermelon. The observed metabolic profiles of infected plants were genotype specific and distinct in leaf and stem tissues compared with roots. The leaf tissue of Fusarium wilt-symptomatic plants had detectable or elevated levels of jasmonic acid–isoleucine, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and melatonin

Apple replant disease (ARD) negatively affects growth and yield of apple plants worldwide. Fungi belonging to the Nectriaceae have often been isolated from roots grown in replant soils and thus are proposed among others as one biotic cause of the disease complex. Microscopic analyses of ARD-affected roots revealed characteristic symptoms associated with fungal infection sites. Here, two extraction

A survey was conducted in southern Alberta, Canada, to collect Fusarium stalk rot and Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease samples from corn and wheat fields, respectively, with an aim to understand the diversity in the population of Fusarium graminearum. From 77 wheat and 80 corn samples, 79 isolates of F. graminearum were obtained. These 79 isolates were evaluated for their growth rate, sporulation

Purpose Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides) is an important disease affecting Chinese olive [Canarium album (Lour.) Rauesch] production. Therefore, developing a rapid and accurate method for C. gloeosporioides detection is of great importance for early diagnosis and immediate control of anthracnose. Method In the following study, we designed specific primers targeting

Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), a strain of apple stem grooving virus, is a virus of citrus that is of commercial importance for trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and trifoliate hybrid rootstocks. Bud-union crease is a CTLV-induced incompatibly symptom observed with these rootstocks and citrus scions which results in stunted tree growth. CTLV is a regulated pathogen for most citrus budwood certification

Global production of tomato has been hampered by the increased incidences of tomato viral disease. The high genetic heterogeneity of tomato plant viruses, because of their high mutation rates, has lead to ineffective control strategies and the fast spread of the viruses. Viruses utilize the resources in host plants for their replication. Therefore, identification and removal of the non-redundant proteins

The leaf rust pathogen Thekopsora minima of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) was detected for the first time in Germany in 2015, in two nurseries in Lower Saxony. One introduction was related to recent import of plants from the USA, but the source of the other outbreak was unclear. In 2016, intensive surveillance was conducted of garden centres, tree nurseries, blueberry plantings, neglected

Agaricus bisporus, called as button mushroom, constitutes majority of the cultivated mushrooms in the world. Green mould, caused by Trichoderma species, is a destructive fungal disease causing epidemics in A. bisporus cultivation. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, a total of 71 samples including compost, casing soil and mushroom tissues were collected from mushroom farms in Antalya Province, Turkey. Of 24 Trichoderma

A survey to investigate the occurrence of cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) and distribution of Colletotrichum spp. in cassava plantations in different eco-zones of the Reconcavo Region in Bahia, Brazil, investigated during the rainy season of 2014. A total of 50 cassava fields distributed among 18 municipalities were visited and intensity of anthracnose evaluated. The highest disease incidence (DI)

Ginger is an important horticultural crop with high economic and nutritional value. However, it is prone to pathogenic bacterial infection that negatively affects growth, post-harvest quality, and reduced economic profits. The study of pathogenic bacteria associated with ginger disease through its productive life cycle is extremely valuable. In this study, we isolated a key pathogen Serratia marcescens

The entomopathogenic fungi are safe and ecofriendly biocontrol agents which can be applied against stored product pests. In this study, potentials of some Iranian isolates of Lecanicillium lecanii (PAL6, PAL7 and PAL8) and Lecanicillium muscarium to control Tribolium castaneum (AGM5) were investigated under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the LC50 and LT50 values of each isolates to adults

A major problem for potato production worldwide is Globodera rostochiensis. Field control of this nematode is difficult because of the high reproductive rate of this genus and its resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Biological control of nematodes is an increasingly popular strategy because it is effective and has low environmental impact. In this study, the potential of the nematophagous fungus

The present work aimed to assess the efficacy of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consortium “Rhizolive consortium” in alleviating Verticillium wilt symptoms in olive tree. Olive plants cultivar “Picholine Marocaine” were inoculated for three months with Rhizolive consortium and then infected with Verticillium dahliae pathogen. Our results showed that Rhizolive consortium inoculation highly improved

Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd), formerly known as pathogen in the genus Citrus and first detected in Slovenian hops in 2014, threatens hop production as it leads to important economic losses. Reduction in yield and quality and even death of the infected plants within a few years are typical observations due to CBCVd infections of hops. The viroid is easily transmitted and spreads rapidly. As it

This study investigated insecticidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil (EO) against Tribolium castaneum adults and its impacts on wheat flour quality. GC/MS analysis of the EOs of A. herba-alba showed a predominance of β-thujone (27.79%), camphor (22.65%), chrysanthenone (17.97%) and α-thujone (13.56%). Therefore, the median effective concentrations (LC50 value) of Artemisia herba-alba

Verticillium dahliae has been recently characterized as a heterothallic fungus having two MAT idiomorphs, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, which suggested that a putative sexual life cycle of the pathogen might exist. A successful mating in heterothallic fungi requires two individuals of opposite mating types present together in the same site. Co-occurrence of both mating types of V. dahliae has been investigated

The net form net blotch (NFNB) is a significant disease of barley. Its causal agent, Pyrenophora teres f. teres (PTT), has an important economic impact on yield and grain quality globally. However, the molecular interaction between PTT and barley is not fully understood. The plant–pathogen encounter comprises the secretion of diverse molecules involved in plant defence, including pathogenicity-related

Abstract The study was conducted to comprehend the facets of culturable endophytic diversity correlating with the fitness of cultivar. Tomato bacterial endophytes from cultivars Arka Rakshak (AR; multi-disease tolerant hybrid) and Pusa Ruby (PR; susceptible check) were isolated. Molecular identification quantified that only two genera Rhizobium and Bacillus were common in both cultivars out of fifteen

Cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes severe damage to Brassica vegetables. This study was conducted to evaluate the seasonal population dynamics of A. proletella and its parasitoids throughout the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in Düzce Province in Turkey. To estimate whitefly density and parasitism rates, collard leaf samples infested with whitefly were collected

In 2014, 45 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from Jinzhong City (Shanxi Province, China) that had never used Qo inhibitor (QoI)-type fungicides were characterised for sensitivity to picoxystrobin through growth inhibition tests with 100 μg/ml salicylhydroxamic acid. The isolates showed similar sensitivity, the EC50 values ranging from 0.021 to 0.197 μg/ml. Baseline sensitivity was distributed as unimodal

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viral pathogen limiting banana production globally. The aim of the present study was to test the presence of CMV infection in banana plants from Ethiopia. Dot immune-binding assay and RT-PCR of symptomatic leaves could detect CMV in 92% and 100% of the samples, respectively. Direct sequencing of the PCR product produced 292 bp long nucleotide

Silver scurf is a potato tuber disease caused by Helminthosporium solani, which has become an increasing problem in many regions of Russia. The fungicide thiabendazole is widely used to control silver scab. Its target of action is the beta-tubulin gene. Single nucleotide mutations in this gene lead to a multiple increase in the resistance of the strain to the fungicide. The resistance of 37 Helminthosporium

Bacillus species are promising agents for the biological control of postharvest diseases. Based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the bacterial strain J-1 was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus. The B. atrophaeus strain J-1 showed broad spectrum antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. In assays in vitro the metabolites

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) is among the most commonly used predatory mites in biological control programs. Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Trombidiformes: Tarsonemidae) are the important pest mite species in many agricultural crops worldwide. In the present study, the effect of diet (varying in prey

Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV), a member of the genus Becurtovirus, is one of the causal agents for curly top disease in tomato plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provide nutrients for host plants and are associated with their improved growth. However, the impact of AM on infection by plant viruses is not well understood. In this study, the interaction between Funneliformis mosseae and BCTIV

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is an important tree species of high economic value in southern China; however, between 2016 and 2018, the damping-off disease caused the death of whole Masson pine seedlings in Duyun, Guizhou Province, China. To improve the control and management of the disease, we identified symptoms and characterized the morphology, taxonomy and pathogenicity of the pathogens causing

There are several harmful and yield decreasing arthropod pests, which live within plant tissues, causing almost unnoticeable damage, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., Cydia pomonella L., Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Their ecological and biological features are rather known. The process leading to the damage is difficult to trace by means of conventional imaging techniques. In this review, optical techniques—X-ray

We compared the effectiveness of three different trap colours (blue, yellow and white) to identify the optimal trap colour for the monitoring of the thrips Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips tabaci, Thrips fuscipennis and Aeolothrips intermedius in the three pea cultivars, namely Polar, Izolda and Tarchalska. The number of captured thrips specimens was significantly affected by trap colour, pea cultivar

Alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation are needed for the phytosanitary treatment of log exports. Among the potential alternative, fumigants are phosphine, and sulfuryl fluoride, which are already in use for other commodities and are labeled for use on wood products. Ethanedinitrile is being used for log treatment in Australia and its registration for that purpose is being sought in other countries

Proliferation of citrus canker disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) has increasingly become a serious threat and has resulted in a significant loss in citrus production worldwide. This research aimed to identify efficient antagonistic bacteria for the biological control of canker disease in Citrus aurantifolia cultivar Pan (Pan-lime) and their antagonistic characteristics by experimental

The life history traits of Aphidius gifuensis on Schizaphis graminum reared on six cultivars of wheat (var. Annong, Jimai, Shannong, Shimai, Yangmai and Liangxing) were investigated in the laboratory. Results show that the developmental stage of A. gifuensis from the Annong treatment was significantly less than that of other wheat cultivars. Although the longevity of A. gifuensis females of the Shimai

In the current study, the antioxidative and in vitro antifungal properties of ten Lamiaceae herbs were estimated. Based on the results, the in vivo antifungal potential of oregano, sage, hyssop and lemon balm water extracts against Fusarium root rot in asparagus plants was evaluated. Water extracts of several herbs (0.5% and 2%, w/v) showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity, and oregano, sage and

During February and March 2019, black dot symptoms were observed on potato stems in a commercial field located in Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico. Morphological and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of Colletotrichum coccodes. Pathogenicity tests were conducted, and Koch’s postulates were fulfilled with two isolates of this fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of C. coccodes

Grain discolouration has been noticed in rice over the years in Guyana. The disease has been a serious problem in affecting quality and yield of rice. A study was carried out to identify the causal agent of grain discolouration and to develop suitable disease management practices in rice. The initial identification revealed that Curvularia spp. was predominant in rice grains with expression of symptoms

In January 2018, gerbera plants showed root rot symptoms were found in a greenhouse at Guizhou Horticultural Institute in Guiyang city, Guizhou Province in southwest China. Morphological and molecular identifications confirmed the isolation of Fusarium proliferatum. The pathogenicity was verified with Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming root rot of gerbera caused

Anthracnose is a severe disease of mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. The antifungal effects of the aroma compounds (trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral, and phenylacetaldehyde) were tested against the pathogen. These compounds exhibited complete inhibition of visual spore germination and the mycelial growth under in vitro conditions. Complete inhibition of mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides

The soursop (Annona muricata) is an important tropical plant in the Pacific and Gulf region of México. In a farmer plantation during May, severe soft rot symptoms were observed in fruits of soursop in Iguala, Guerrero state, Mexico. Based on morphological and molecular identifications, isolate from soursop with the disease was Rhizopus oryzae. Koch’s postulates were verified and fulfilled. To our knowledge

Influence of moisture on maturation rate of the airborne Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint. ascospores was numerically examined using field data collected from spore traps in Skierniewice, Poland, during 2005–2008 and 2010–2014. In order to avoid a bias resulting from different abundance of airborne ascospores in different seasons, the cumulative proportions of mature ascospores observed in the season