Anthracnose is one of the most destructive grapevine diseases in warm and humid regions, but no efficient tools are available to quantify disease symptoms in different parts of the plant. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate standard area diagrams (SADs) to evaluate grapevine anthracnose on the fruit and shoot. For fruit SAD development, fruit clusters showing signs of anthracnose symptoms

Temperature is one of the key factors influencing the viral disease development in plants. In this study effect of temperature on SYMMV accumulation and systemic movement was studied in French bean, mungbean and soybean cultivars by keeping them at temperatures range 22-25 °C, 26-29 °C and 30-33 °C. The proliferation of the virus under these conditions was confirmed through symptomatology, DAC-ELISA

Spermospora avenae causes the economically important red leather leaf disease of oats, which reduces grain yield and hay quality. It was first reported in the USA in 1936 and subsequently in Australia in 1978. Despite this, its phylogenetic placement is unknown, attributed merely to Ascomycota. Twenty-three S. avenae single spore isolates were obtained from affected crops in South Australia and western

Sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) is one of the most destructive nematode pests in the United States. It is native to the sandy coastal plains of the south-eastern states and causes severe damage to a wide range of plants including turf grasses, ornamentals, forages, vegetables, agronomic crops and trees. Ibipora lolii, a closely related nematode, occurs in Australia and is a widespread and

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) serves as a vegetable of great food, medicinal and industrial value. The production of the crop is, however, constrained by lack of improved high yielding, virus and pest resistant varieties. The current study sought to identify resistance in ten okra cultivars to okra mosaic disease and okra yellow vein mosaic disease within the coastal savannah agro-ecological

A review of the records of plant viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas in Tasmania has found evidence for 51 viruses and one viroid. Based on insufficient evidence, 22 viruses and reports of at least three phytoplasmas are unconfirmed. Most of these unconfirmed pathogens are probably present but further work is required to confirm this. Forty two of the listed viruses are aphid transmitted, including 15

The objective of this study was to assess genotype by environment interaction for area under disease progress curve values in spring barley grown in South-West Poland by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study comprised of 25 spring barley genotypes (five cultivars: Basza, Blask, Antek, Skarb and Rubinek as well as all possible 10 two-way mixtures and 10 three-way

RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous mechanism of gene regulation and adaptive defence against invading microbes of higher organisms, triggered by double-stranded RNA. Viruses circumvent this host defence by encoding specific proteins, RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs). Evidence has been mounting that, in common with RNA viruses, the movement of geminiviruses in plants is countered

The images and caption for Fig. 1 is incorrect. Please view the correct Fig. 1 here.

This study analysed the phenotypic and genotypic variation among 511 Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp) isolates, causing halo blight in mungbeans. Collected from symptomatic mungbean (Vigna radiata) crops throughout Australia between 2005 and 2018, a total of 352 Psp isolates were phenotypically screened. Our in planta screening against a set of four mungbean cultivars with known susceptible

Late leaf spot (LLS) and rust diseases are the major devastating diseases in groundnut that lowers crop yield and fodder quality. Marker assisted backcross breeding was employed to introgress LLS and rust diseases resistance QTL region from GPBD 4 into an India’s popular groundnut variety TMV 2. The MABC approach was exercised using a total of eight disease resistance-linked markers viz.., IPAHM103

In 2016, begomovirus-like symptoms were observed in mungbean (Vigna radiata) and black gram (Vigna mungo) in Pakistan. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected and total genomic DNA was extracted. Full length begomovirus and betasatellite genomes were PCR amplified and cloned in plasmid pTZ/57RT cloning vector. The cloned molecules were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Based on Sequence

Tephrosia, an important medicinal plant, and a potential livestock feed, was found to be affected by a leaf yellowing disease at the Ziway field site of the International Livestock Research Institute. A total of fifty samples from 300 plants were collected from twenty Tephrosia species in three consecutive planting seasons; 2015, 2016 and 2017. The samples were screened for viral infection by dot-blot

Bacterial blight in pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) is an increasing threat to pomegranate cultivation in India. To prevent economic losses, it is pivotal to detect the infection in latent stages rather than in symptomatic stages. We have developed an enhanced loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for the detection of latent Xap infection in pomegranate

Powdery mildew haustoria are easier to be observed by light microscopy in trichome cells compared to epidermal cells of infected leaves. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the hyphal length and the number of haustoria in type I trichome cells of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) leaves. The trichome cells of tomato cv. Moneymaker were inoculated with conidia of tomato

Two new taxa, Neofusicoccum variabile and Pseudofusicoccum africanum were not validly published according to Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen).

Barley, host to the wheat and rye attacking forms of the stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis (Pg), is considered inherently more resistant to Pg than wheat. To investigate whether this enhanced basal defence is associated with early infection or colonisation processes, adult plants of selected barley and wheat entries were inoculated with Pg f. sp. tritici (Pgt) races BNGSC and PTKST, and Pg f. sp

The aim of this study is to determine the severity of the disease Septoria leaf spot in tomato plants, through computational analysis of digital images of leaves affected. We collected and obtained digital images of tomato leaves with absence and presence of the disease with varying degrees of severity. From a script written in R with the EBImage package, the image was decomposed into three levels

Sophora alopecuroides dwarfing and yellowing symptoms were observed at the edge of several Damaneh and Fereydun Shahr (Isfahan province, Iran) fields. Polymerase chain reaction using primers P1/P7 and nested PCR using the same primers followed by R16mF2/R16mR2 and R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs amplified the 16S ribosomal RNA-encoding gene in all the symptomatic plants tested, but not in the asymptomatic

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major cereal crop cultivated all over the world. Karnal bunt disease is an internationally quarantined disease caused by Tilletia indica. In modern resistance breeding, effectors have been efficiently used to identify, functionally characterize and deploy resistance genes. The present study was carried out to identify the genes related to pathogenicity in T. indica

A previous survey of lotus virus disease has revealed sweet potato latent virus-lotus (SPLV-lotus) to occur at high frequencies in Jiangsu Province, China. The objective of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of SPLV-lotus in lotus plants. The products were analysed by visual inspection of colour change. The sensitivity

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important popular high-consumption product in the world. Melon Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis: FOM) is a global destructive disease. In this research, 88 melon landraces from different geographical regions of Iran together with reference genotypes as control genotypes were screened for resistance to 0 and 1 races of Fusarium wilt disease agent using artificial

This study aimed to develop and validate a standard area diagram set (SADs) to estimate the severity of eyespot of rice caused by Drechslera gigantea. For this purpose, a SADs with seven levels of severity (0.3; 1.0; 3.0; 5.0; 10; 15; and 21%) was established. The SADs was validated by 16 raters with no experience in evaluating plant diseases. Both accuracy and precision improved when they used the

Identification of antifungal organic compound from B. velezensis AR1 culture supernatant was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and subjected to proton (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). From the analysis of the heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, the purified compound was identified as monomethyl succinate (MMSucc). The subsequent investigation

The noxious weed Allium triquetrum (Alliaceae) has invaded widespread areas in southern Australia, forming dense monocultures that threaten indigenous ground flora. Two soilborne biocontrol agents, the fungus Stromatinia cepivora and the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) have previously been reported as killing A. triquetrum in gnotobiotic controlled conditions. This study

The genetics and nature of gene action involved in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 causing wilt in watermelon was studied. Five resistant accessions were crossed with a common susceptible parent to develop six generations for each combination. The populations were screened in two consecutive assays during June to September 2019. Based on the segregation of F2, the resistance in

Pseudomonas protegens (formerly Pseudomonas fluorescens) FD6, which was isolated from the canola rhizosphere, is a biocontrol agent that protects against the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructicola. The complete sequence of the 6.7-Mb Pseudomonas protegens FD6 genome was determined. Genomic analysis of strain FD6 led to the identification of twelve putative gene clusters of secondary

Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini) is a major constraint to production of cumin. To identify sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt, 64 accessions were screened in a field plot heavily infested with Fusarium wilt, in two years. Disease severity, infection type, disease incidence, plant height, days to flowering initiation, seed yield and yield components were measured. The results revealed

Mango anthracnose severity on leaves was recorded at 14 day intervals throughout the year 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018 on mango cultivar Dashaheri. Logistic model was best for the year 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018 and pooled data of these years had lower mean square error (MSE) 37.67, 91.29, 100.84, 65.80 and 72.32 along with high coefficient of determination (R(Dodd et al. 1991)) 0.753, 0.532, 0.534

Cotton is a billion-dollar crop in Australia, especially in the regional areas of New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) is of an important disease on cotton globally and in Australia. The Australian cotton industry is currently adopting highly resistant cultivars to Fov. Therefore, it is expected that Fusarium wilt pressure will be

Antifungalmycin N2 (3-methyl-3,5-amino-4-vinyl-2-pyrone, C6H7O2N), was a novel and broad-spectrum antifungal metabolite produced by Streptomyces sp. N2. In the present work, antifungalmycin N2 was evaluated its induction of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani in rice seedling by measuring the defense-related physiological and biochemical parameters, such as the production of reactive oxygen species

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a nutritious domesticated vegetable which belongs to Cucurbitaceae family. India ranks 30th in global cucumber production and its total output is 1,61,000 metric tons annually. In the investigation a different kind of leaf spot disease was observed on 2 months old cucumber leaves samples from cucumber fields in Baruipur, West Bengal, India (Latitude: N 22° 22.262′,

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a major and constant constraint in the production of tomatoes worldwide. A two-season field experiments, laid out in two separate orchards in a randomized complete block design and a split-split plot arrangement with three replications, was conducted to evaluate the integrated effect of grafting, thymol and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in the management

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The image order in Fig. 2 was incorrect. The corrected figure is given below.

Honey bees, Apis mellifera, actively collect a range of materials including pollen and fungal spores. However, the interaction between honey bees and fungal spores is largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the corbicular contents of workers foraging on zucchini leaves severely affected by powdery mildew. The dimensions (length and width) of conidia removed from the corbiculae of

Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) is one of the most significant threats to plant industries and biodiversity in the Australasian region. Susceptibility phenotypes of Australian native Myrtaceae to A. psidii have varied significantly since the pathogen was first detected in Australia in 2010, with some species appearing to increase in susceptibility over time. We hypothesise that increased inoculum

Rust pathogens cause damage to cereal crops around the world, leading to reduced yield and profit. Current methods of rust control include fungicides, resistant cultivars, and preventative agronomic practices. Some hyperparasites are antagonists of plant pathogens and may provide a potential method of biocontrol against increasingly virulent strains of rust. Very little is known about the mechanism

After the detection of the myrtle rust pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii, in New Zealand, a biosecurity response was initiated, including a wide-spread surveillance programme. Through an intensive public awareness initiative, the general public was highly engaged in reporting myrtle rust infections and added significant value to the surveys by reporting first detections from most of the areas that are

Liriope cymbidiomorpha (ined.) is an excellent ground-cover plant with high ornamental and landscaping value in China. During 2016 to 2018, the leaf spot symptomatic L. cymbidiomorpha plants were observed in the famous Hangzhou Westlake Scenic Spot of Zhejiang province, China. Two pathogens namely Colletotrichum liriopes and C. gloeosporioides were isolated and identified from symptomatic tissues based

Ganoderma is a white rot causing agent growing on different types of plants ranging from angiosperms to gymnosperms. Now to date, six different Ganoderma species reported from North and one species from South of Iran. This work presents new findings on locality of two samples identified as G. resinaceum using morphology and ITS analysis from Khuzestan Province (South of Iran) for the first time. In

Zhangzhou in Fujian province is the primary habitat for the succulent plant Echeveria ‘Perle von Nürnberg’ (Crassulaceae), which has seriously suffered from anthracnose disease in recent years. Plants with typical disease symptoms were collected from three planting bases in Zhangzhou, and pathogens were isolated for further identification. The pathogen was identified as Colletotrichum destructivum

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., has caused damage and great losses in peach orchards in two Brazilian states, Santa Catarina (SC) and São Paulo (SP). There is limited information on the characterization of Colletotrichum spp. from those locations. In this study we characterized Colletotrichum spp. isolated from peach fruit from SC and SP, and compared them to a reference isolate of Colletotrichum

Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L., Apiaceae) is native to temperate regions of Europe, West Asia and North Africa. During the 2015–2016 growing season, leaf samples of C. maculatum with mild mosaic and vein yellowing symptoms were collected from fields and pastures in the Bardsir region of Kerman Province (south-east Iran). The virions of one isolate of the virus, which we have named Poison Hemlock

Thirty four Trichoderma isolates were systematically screened for induction of systemic resistance in grapevines against powdery mildew disease. Trichoderma 5R, NAIMCC-F-01769, NAIMCC-F-01812 and NAIMCC-F-01951 were selected for field trials based on initial screening on potted plants. All the four isolates tested positive for production of plant growth promoting bio-chemicals, indole acetic acid,

Sorghum downy mildew (SDM), caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi is one of the important diseases in maize. Here, we illustrate the transfer of two QTLs for SDM on chromosome 3 and 6 from UMI 936 (w) into an elite maize inbred line UMI 79 through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABC). For foreground selection, plants carrying heterozygote allele for the QTLs for SDM were selected from F1 and three

Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) species have often been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes or saprobes, commonly isolated from a wide range of hosts. In Brazil, in orchards located in Monte Azul, Minas Gerais, flowers and unripe fruits of Passiflora edulis were found with very severe and typical Phomopsis rot symptoms. The aim of this study was to prove the pathogenicity of the fungus isolated from

A new bacterial disease of sweetpotato was recently identified in Puning, Guangdong Province, China and is referred to bacterial internal browning of sweetpotato in this paper. One-third of the tubers of sweetpotato were infected in the field. These tubers in the field with bacterial inner brown displayed yellowing on the skin that turned into slightly roughened and cracked surface with progress in

In recent years, crown gall of flowering cherry saplings, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, become a serious disease in Xuzhou, China. In this study, the average disease incidence rate in the flowering cherry sapling was 76%, and the disease index was 38. Three-year-old flowering cherry saplings were the most susceptible, and the low-lying terrain was the most favorable condition for the disease

Environmental heterogeneity can shape the plant-virus relationship, furthering the appearance of new diseases in crops, or altering disease incidence and severity. In this work, we studied the virus association with environmental heterogeneity taking into account bio-meteorological variables and virus distribution. In Argentina, three potyviruses, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic

In the present study, the in vitro antifungal potential of seven Lamiaceae herbs against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis were investigated. On the basis of the results, the in vivo antifungal effects of sage water extract on Fusarium wilt in cyclamen were evaluated, and the antifungal properties of the extract were identified. Among the seven herbs, sage water extract (0.5% and 2%, w/v) showed