Powdery scab, caused by Spongospora subterranea, is an important potato disease. Greenhouse experiments in 2017/18 and 2018/19 on (very susceptible) ‘Agria’ seed tubers assessed if field-collected soils had different powdery scab-suppressive capabilities and identified factors involved in disease suppression. 2017/18: 12 geographically diverse soils with either S. subterranea added at planting or not

Citrus tristeza virus was detected for the first time in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Samples were collected from citrus trees across the southern provinces for testing in Australia. RNA was extracted and tested using conventional and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions with the virus detected in 12 of 59 samples tested. Viral identities were confirmed by sequencing

Sclerotium delphinii is a common pathogen that causes wilting in a number of plants. In recent years, the genus Sclerotium has been reported as one of those responsible for leaf spots in Piper nigrum in the Amazonian humid tropical regions. In 2017–2018, several black pepper plants presented symptoms of concentric leaf spots. Five isolates were obtained in this study for morphological and phylogenetic

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (PAL5), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (HRC54) and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (HCC103) on seedling vigor, plant-crop productivity and potential to control the sugarcane Ratoon Stunting Disease (RSD) caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx). Micropropagated seedlings (variety Co 421) were inoculated with endophytic

To clarify the histopathological characteristics of Camellia oleifera that were infected by Colletotrichum fructicola, this study utilized frozen tissue sections, whole-stain clearing and transmission electron microscopy to observe the time of transformation from biotrophic to necrotrophic when Co. fructicola infects leaves, as well as the colonization and expansion of the pathogenic fungus at different

The temporal and spatial progress of sheath blight was assessed on a set of mega rice varieties of South Asia and local varieties of North India in field experiments for two consecutive years. With artificially created disease focus disease severity was recorded on five un-inoculated plants from the focus in four directions after two, four and six weeks of inoculation. The mega varieties differed in

Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) was first reported in the field-grown maize crop showing mosaic and foliar yellowing symptoms in Yunnan provinces of China during the year 2016. Since then, its widespread occurrence has been reported in many countries of Africa, China, and South America in maize crop and other related hosts, sugarcane, sorghum, and Panicum sp. In India, we studied the prevalence of

Some bacteria can antagonize and competitively exclude pathogens by producing antimicrobial substances in their immediate environment. These antimicrobial agents can be grouped into enzymes, protein such as polypeptides and non-protein compounds. Of the various crop pests and pathogens that devastate harvests, oomycetes and fungi are the most broadly distributed groups causing global issues in food

Mother-in-law’s tongue, Dracaena (Sansevieria) trifasciata S. is an ornamental houseplant of Asparagaceae family and native to tropical western Africa and southern Asia. Following a yellow withered spot symptom observed on up to one third of D. trifasciata plants at the field, a new bacterium pathogen was discovered for the first time in South of China. This pathogen was isolated from the early irregular

Strawberry seedlings from greenhouses in different districts of Beijing started showing symptoms of black root rot in 2014, and the diseased plants were collected between 2015 and 2017. Forty-six Dactylonectria isolates were obtained from the root samples, among which five representative isolates were further identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus sequence of four loci, internal

The cost of Eucalyptus seed and adoption of strict phytosanitary regulations in seed trade makes it imperative to monitor the quality and ensure supply of pathogen-free seeds for both forestry regeneration and research. Based on seed health tests, two species in the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex were found to be naturally associated with seeds of Eucalyptus dunnii, E. nitens and E

Despite being recognised as a serious pest of turf grasses in Australia, there has been limited research into the southern sting nematode (Ibipora lolii). This study examined its occurrence and population dynamics in the Perth region of Western Australia and assessed the level of resistance and tolerance of turf grasses to this nematode. In a systematic survey of 90 municipal sports fields on which

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive ascomycete pathogens affecting crops worldwide and causing severe yield losses. Broad-spectrum fungicides are used to control fungal pathogenic diseases, but pathogens develop resistance toward these fungicides through point mutations. In this study, we isolated and observed resistance mechanisms in B. cinerea. All five isolates considered in this study

Teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypti is a fungal pathogen that causes a severe leaf blight disease on Eucalyptus trees. While presumed to be native to Australia, T. pseudoeucalypti has become well established and an important constraint to forestry in South America. The aim of this study was to use microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic diversity of T. pseudoeucalypti outbreaks occurring in plantations

The Brazilian sugarcane sector has increased the adoption of conservation practices based both on mechanized harvest without burning and on the use of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) to improve crop sustainability. However, there is no information about the impact of these practices on sugarcane diseases. This study aims at investigating the effect of conservation practices on the incidence and

Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham., a wild relative of cultivated arecanut (Areca catechu L.) is known as a resistant source for fruit rot caused by Phytophthora meadii Mc Rae. However, during monsoon 2019–20, a heavy shedding of immature nuts with whitish mycelial growth was observed from A. triandra plantations in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India. Pure culture of the associated oomycete

Papaya plants exhibiting phyllody and excessive axillary shoot proliferation were observed in 10 different fields during surveys conducted in 2019 in Pune district, Maharashtra, India. The average disease incidence for phyllody and excessive shoot proliferation was 12% and 4% respectively. The presence of phytoplasma in the infected plants was confirmed by nested PCR assay using R16F2n/R2 primer pair

The fundamental basis for the adequate development of avocado crops is the quality of the planting material, which must have genetic identity and high phytosanitary standards. It is considered that many of the pathologies present in the fields are introduced from the nursery stage, as asymptomatic infections. The objectives of this study were to identify the inoculum sources of different diseases and

During the study of fungal pathogens associated with ornamental plants in Kerman province, southeastern Iran, a serious yellowing and decline symptom was observed on English ivy (Hedera helix L.) in some landscape areas. In order to identify the disease-causing agents samples were collected from infected plants exhibiting yellowing, wilting, reduced growth of shoots, foliage necrosis as well as crown

Thirteen jute genotypes were evaluated for resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp) in the sick plot, and six of them were identified for stable differential disease reactions. We tested whether other screening methods could produce similar results in these host genotypes. An incubation temperature of 35 °C was optimum for Mp sclerotia germination (90.8%), and it was chosen for experiments involving

New symptoms including aborted seed pods disease were observed on mungbean (Vigna radiata) plants in the most important growing areas in Iran that was similar to symptoms of phytoplasma disease previously reported from Australia. Thirty samples were collected from symptomatic and non-symptomatic plants, followed by PCR amplification, DNA sequencing, RFLP and phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA

Banana fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium. oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4, has already become one of the main diseases in banana production. Previous research suggests that Foc can secrete two phytotoxins, respectively, fusaric acid and beauvericin, to contribute to its pathogenicity when it infects bananas. A gene cluster FUB consisting of 12 genes has been identified for fusaric acid biosynthesis in

Fusarium graminearum is considered the main causative agent of Fusarium Head Blight in wheat. The fungus produces mycotoxins of the trichothecene family that pose a significant threat to the health of animals and humans. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the time of fungicide application on the trichothecene production in 8 inoculated wheat varieties. The fungicide Tebuconazole

In this study, strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) grown via elevated cultivation in a greenhouse were heavily infested with powdery mildew. We isolated the powdery mildew fungus from strawberry leaves and identified the isolate as Podosphaera aphanis (Wallroth) U. Braun & S. Takamatsu var. aphanis KSP-7 N, based on its morphological characteristics and sequencing of the ribosomal

Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) is the most frequently occurring virus causing mottle disease in black pepper plants in Sukabumi, West Java. As a pararetrovirus, PYMoV occurs in the plant as endogenous (inactive) and episomal (active, infectious) forms. Research was carried out to detect and identify PYMoV from leaf and berry samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR

Ceratobasidium lantanae-camarae was a name proposed for a fungus associated with white thread blight disease of Lantana camara (common lantana): a Brazilian native plant listed amongst the world’s ten worst weeds. This fungus was found during surveys in Brazil to assess the potential of coevolved fungal pathogens as classical biocontrol agents in the Paleotropics and Australasia. Later, in a monograph

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop with high protein content. The crop suffers yield loss due to wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Following proper agronomic practices helps curtail disease incidence and increase yield. Agronomic practices including intercropping, sowing dates and row to row spacing were followed to evaluate their effect on wilt incidence

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae (FOP) is reported for the first time in Northland, New Zealand. The identity of this host-specific pathogen was confirmed by pathogenicity testing, morphological characters, and DNA sequencing. Pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum secrete unique proteins or effectors, ‘secreted in xylem’ (SIX), which are likely to contribute to host-specific virulence. Sequence

Yellow mosaic disease caused by tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus is very severe and causing 100 per cent yield loss under epiphytotic conditions. Chemical control of this disease is neither economical nor eco-friendly and genetic resistance is an efficient means for its management. Resistance to yellow mosaic disease in advanced inbred line IIHR-Sel-1 and IIHR-137 have been confirmed during screening

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an economically important fruit of the Punicaceae family and widely cultivated in the world. In 2019 and 2020, pomegranate fruits showing rot symptoms initiating from seed were observed in different pomegranate-cultivated fields in Henan province of China. Bacteria as a potential pathogen were isolated from the rot tissue of pomegranate seeds, and its pathogenicity

Nassella neesiana (Poaceae) is a perennial grass species indigenous to South America. While usually not troublesome and sometimes appreciated as a forage species within its native range, it is an unwanted species in other parts of the world, where it is considered a serious threat to native biodiversity and an important hindrance to agriculture. The difficulties encountered in controlling the species

Almond production is a significant horticulture crop for Australia. Serious yield losses can be caused by the fungal disease anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species that infect the fruit and leaves. Genomic sequence data for gene extraction, along with multigene phylogenetic analyses and whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis were used to determine the phylogeny of Colletotrichum

Spot blotch disease caused by the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is one of the most important fungal diseases of barley. Considering the hazardous effects of fungicidal sprays, an eco-friendly approach was adopted to manage this disease by using botanicals, biocontrol agents and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) chemicals on two barley cultivars, PL426 and PL807. Under

Field mustard plants present in cauliflower fields were observed exhibiting branch proliferation, small and deformed leaves and flowers. The virtual RFLP and online tool iPhyclassifier identified phytoplasmas of the 16SrIII-B, 16SrIII-J, 16SrIII-U and 16SrVII-B subgroups. Representatives of these subgroups were previously identified in cauliflower. This study evidenced field mustard as a host that

Pratylenchus coffeae is a migratory endoparasite of the root cortex and corm of Musa species and causes root lesions in coffee, sugarcane and citrus. Pratylenchus coffeae from diseased banana roots from Queensland were maintained in carrot jars for in vitro infection studies by nematophagous fungi. The aim of this work was to use a β-glucan specific fluorescent stain, calcofluor white, to study P.

Functional markers, which are designed using polymorphic sites in gene sequences and which result in phenotypic variation, have high efficiency in marker-assisted selection (MAS). xa5 is a recessive gene that confers broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight, and it has been widely used in rice breeding projects in all tropical regions. In this study, two functional markers [Tetra primer amplification

The bio-bactericide YBCA5 is a strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) G. Arnaud, which mitigates the leaf spot symptoms of bacterial canker in kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) biovar 3. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) this paper explores the mode of action of YBCA5 against Psa by visualising the interactions between the two microorganisms in planta. Time course

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant losses to coffee globally, but to date, there have been no reports of nematodes causing adverse effects to coffee crops in Australia. Four species of migratory endoparasitic nematodes, including Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus zeae, and Radopholus similis, were detected in coffee-growing areas of Australia and their molecular data

The yield, canopy status and cocoa swollen shoot virus disease (CSSVD) symptom severity were assessed in cacao trees in a long-term field experiment originally established to study cacao swollen shoot virus strain 1A (CSSV-1A) epidemics in plots inoculated with the mild strain CSSV-N1. Yield of cacao was 73.7% and 32.1% lower in cacao plants inoculated with CSSV-1A and the non-inoculated respectively

Symptoms of leaf curling and yellowing, typical of begomoviruses, were observed on ornamental pomegranate plants in a park in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Leaves from symptomatic plants were collected and DNA extracted. PCR amplification with universal primers for the amplification of begomoviruses amplified an approx. 2.8 kb fragment which was cloned and sequenced. Similar amplifications with primers for

Strawberry fruits are vulnerable to infection by a broad range of fungal pathogens before and after harvest. In this study, Alternaria spp. strains associated with fruit rot of strawberry were isolated and characterized and the potential of the antagonistic yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain SQUCC-33Y for the control of fruit rot of strawberry was evaluated. A total of seven isolates of Alternaria

Black root rot (BRR) is a major seedling disease in cotton in Australia. BRR is caused by a soilborne fungus Thielaviopsis basicola, recently re-described as Berkelyomyces spp., that was reported for the first time in 1990 in northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The disease is now prevalent across NSW. Since the first detection, much research has been focused exclusively on management; however

Plant viruses cause various disease in crops and are responsible for huge economic losses. Understanding their mode of infection and spread is crucial for developing control strategies. Genome packaging is an important step in the process of viral maturation. Three systems of viral genome packaging are known till date. The type I packaging system, found in most of the small plant viruses, involves

Rice sheath blight, a major devastating disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, poses huge threat to global rice production. Despite being the most hostile necrotrophic fungus with a wide host range, the mechanism involved in R. solani pathobiology is poorly understood. The evolutionarily developed nonhost resistance (NHR) provides broad-spectrum disease resistance to food crops. According to previous

Yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) is rich in nutrients. In March 2018, anthracnose symptoms were observed in a storeroom in Baoting, Hainan province, China. The pathogen namely Colletotrichum brevisporum was isolated and identified from symptomatic fruits based on the morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses derived from an internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin

Monilinia kusanoi causes shoot blight, leaf blight and fruit rot of several Prunus species, and is currently known to be present only in Japan and Korea. Despite the restricted distribution range, the risk remains that the pathogen could spread with the transportation of plant material, especially since no DNA based diagnostic methods are available to detect this fungus. In this study, a new TaqMan

The Australian canola industry was established in the 1970s and has expanded since that time, particularly in the last two decades. This review addresses the changes in farming practices since the year 2000 and the epidemiological and management consequences for blackleg, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, the main disease impacting Brassica napus production. To help understand the change

Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the causative pathogen of bacterial leaf blight (BB) disease is one of the most prevalent rice diseases in Malaysia. Breeding for resistance requires information on the pathogenic variability of X. oryzae for decision-making on the deployment of appropriate resistance genes. In this study, nine Near Isogenic rice Lines (NILs) carrying single BB resistance genes (Xa) used

Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne phytopathogen and the causal agent of Verticillium wilt. It affects many agriculturally important crops around the world, including cotton. In Australia, the billion-dollar cotton industry is increasingly impacted by Verticillium wilt. Internationally it has been reported that the defoliating V. dahliae Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 1A causes severe damage

In this study, we evaluated a collection of 585 barley landraces along with 10 checks at Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC) and Bale-Goba research sites in 2018/19 and 2019/20 cropping seasons for resistance to net blotch (Pyrenophora teres F. teres (Ptt)). The experiments were laid out in an augmented complete block design. Data on agronomic performance and disease response were recorded.

Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is the main pathogen that affects passion fruit, causing woodiness disease in Brazil. The identification of sources of resistance in Passiflora is necessary for the development of resistant cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of eight species of Passiflora to CABMV and to verify leaf anatomical changes caused by CABMV. Inoculations

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is a responsible pathogen for wheat stripe rust, which can be dispersed for a long distance by upper air flow. Understanding its origin and migration is vital to control the disease. We analyzed the population structures of the pathogen, which include 297 samples from Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu in 2008 and 2011, by using the concatenated gene Cdc2-(Ef-1α)-Mapk1

The fungus Aspergillus tubingensis is widely known from its use in industrial fermentation and other processes. More rarely, it is an opportunistic pathogen of humans or plants. In the present study, we found one rotten pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) with black patches of rot and sporulation on the surface. Three A. tubingensis strains were isolated from this specimen. These were identified based

Leaf spot of soapberry, Sapindus mukorossi is a disease new to China. The disease significantly reduces not only the plant’s ornamental value but also its medicinal properties. Identification of pathogens timely assists preventing and controlling this disease. In July 2019, foliage of soapberry on the campus of Nanjing Forestry University, China, was infected by the disease, and the disease incidence

Grapevine powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Erysiphe necator (formerly Uncinula necator ), is a widespread disease which can reduce yield and quality of grapes and compromise wine quality. As an obligately biotrophic pathogen of a woody perennial crop, E. necator presents challenges for researchers studying aspects of biology, epidemiology and management. The disease can be difficult to detect,

Ascochyta blight of faba bean, caused by Ascochyta fabae (teleomorph: Didymella fabae) is one of the most destructive diseases of faba bean in Tunisia. Temporal and spatial development of ascochyta blight were studied and characterized during 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 in three faba bean fields located in Oued Mliz, Oued Beja and Mornag, using mathematical and geostatistical analyses. Mass Disease Index

Betasatellites are single-stranded DNA molecules associated with most monopartite begomoviruses of family Geminiviridae . They are symptoms modulating molecules and depend on their helper viruses for replication, encapsidation and movement. To investigate the genetic diversity of cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB), different Pakistani isolates of betasatellites were retrieved from the

Maize ( Zea mays L.) is a staple food in many parts of the world. In addition to being used as grain, animal feed, production of corn ethanol, starch, syrup etc., it has been widely consumed as a vegetable in the form of baby corn and sweet corn. Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) is one of the major diseases affecting maize and is caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii Exner. In the experiment

The aim of this work was to characterize the secondary metabolite (SMs) profile of Stemphylium lycopersici , a necrotrophic fungus that causes the disease known as grey leaf spot. We detected twenty-four SMs in cultures of S. lycopercisi within the extracts of 19 isolates. Each of them presented a characteristic unique profile. While highly virulent isolates synthesized a high number of metabolites