Two species of the neotropical genus Microlicia are proposed as new (M. barretoana and M. longifolia), both of which occur only in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Additionally, Trembleya botaensis and T. purpurascens are recognized as new heterotypic synonyms under M. curralensis, for which an updated morphological description is presented. Comments on diagnostic features, distribution, habitat

A new species from the northern foothills of the central Andes of Colombia belonging to the previously monotypic genus Lubaria (Sapindales: Rutaceae) is here described and illustrated; comments about its distribution, habitat and conservation status are made. Named L. heterophylla, it differs from L. aroensis by its trifoliolate leaves (one of the two at a node is smaller and frequently bifoliolate

Zanthoxylum magnifructum is a recently described species based on only a fruiting specimen collected in tropical dry forests in the department of Huila in Colombia. An emended description and illustration are presented, including flowers and seeds, which were previously unknown. Comments on its geographical distribution, conservation status, taxonomic affinities, and sexual dimorphism are made. A key

Merostachys is one of the more species-rich genera of Neotropical woody bamboos. It includes about 55 described species, of which 44 are found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, the center of diversity and endemism of the genus. Based on fieldwork in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states and morphological analyses in herbaria, we recognize two new species, Merostachys judziewiczii and M. lage-vianae

The Bromeliaceae are a largely Neotropical family originating in open, dry environments. Vriesea Lindl., the third largest genus of the family, is traditionally divided between two sections. About 90% of the species of the genus occur in Brazil, where the centre of diversity is the Atlantic Rainforest. Leaf morphoanatomical studies conducted on bromeliad species have confirmed the importance of structural

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Sisyrinchium, endémica del estado de San Luis Potosí, México. Sisyrinchium anarosae se distingue del resto de los taxones mexicanos pertenecientes a la sección Echthronema, por su tallo floral decumbente, ramificado, que en los nudos de la porción basal del eje primario presenta hojas con características similares a las basales, que en contacto con el sustrato

Elaphoglossum is a taxonomically challenging fern genus with about 600 species. The present study concerns a group of five Elaphoglossum species mainly distributed in Mexico, four of which were recovered as monophyletic and are here called the Mexican-petiolatum clade (E. petiolatum, E. potosianum, E. pringlei, and E. rzedowskii). The fifth species, E. muelleri, is distributed in Central America and

Fernseea is an endemic Atlantic rainforest genus of Bromeliaceae comprising only two species: the endangered Fernseea itatiaiae and the critically endangered Fernseea bocainensis. A taxonomic overview of Fernseea is provided, including complete morphological and leaf anatomy descriptions of its taxa and comments on their taxonomy, biogeography, and conservation status, along with a key to facilitate

Five new species of native North American Taraxacum are described: T. argilliticola, T. cordilleranum, T. lautellum, T. pugioniferum, and T. simplex, all of them from high elevation habitats or high latitudes in western Canada, mostly from British Columbia.

Oxalis cipoensis, nom. nov. (Oxalidaceae) is herein published as a replacement name for the illegitimate name Oxalis calcicola from Brazil, which is a later homonym of Oxalis calcicola from Guatemala.

Three new species of Piper from the Amazon slopes of the Andes in Colombia, Piper pseudopeculiare, P. resinaense, and P. tarquiense are described and illustrated, and morphological comparisons with similar species are discussed.

Protium oxapampae is described and illustrated. The Burseraceae are well-known for being a diverse and often dominant group in Amazonia, but this species exemplifies the under-appreciated and to a large extent undescribed diversity of the family in the Andes.

In order to correct oversights and mistakes made by us while transferring species names to Miconia from other genera of the tribe Miconieae, we propose the following new names and combinations: Miconia durandii, Miconia hermogenesii, Miconia macropetala, Miconia reptans, Miconia retropila, Miconia riedeliana, Miconia trichocalyx, and Miconia verruculosa. We also discuss the nomenclatural status of

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Plagiothecium nemorale s.l. and P. succulentum, both belonging to P. sect. Orthophyllum, were considered to be distributed across almost the entire Northern Hemisphere. However, in the mid-twentieth century these taxa were recircumscribed resulting in their exclusion from the North American bryoflora and restricting their distributions to Asia and Europe,

The florbella group of Miconia is composed of four species from the central Andes that are characterized by hollow stems inhabited by ants, and pleiostemonous flowers with a calyptrate calyx. The four species are M. inusitata, and the newly described here M. cava, M. florbella, and M. valenzuelana. The combination of pleistemonous flowers and calyptrate calyces suggests that these species could be

A new species, Scaevola subalpina, is described and illustrated from the subalpine forest of Mount Mantalingahan Protected Landscape on the island of Palawan in the Philippines. The new species is most similar to Scaevola glabra, a species endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago. Both species grow at high elevations and share solitary or few-flowered inflorescences and yellow corollas but can be differentiated

Two new species of Myrcia sect. Reticulosae, M. carassana and M. revoluta are here described and illustrated. Myrcia carassana was firstly recognized in 1908 by A. F. M. Glaziou but never validly published. This species is similar to M. venosissima but differs by reddish trichomes, inflorescences botryoid or reduced to simple dichasia with longer peduncles, obconic floral buds and calyx lobes internally

In the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, 11 species of Lytoneuron occur, of which one is new to science, L. poseidonii. Besides the 11 species, we also recognize two varieties, of which one is new, L. columbinum var. caparaoense. We also make three new combinations: L. columbinum, L. microphyllum, and L. ornithopus var. pygmaeum. Three species are widespread in South America, whereas

Se describe e ilustra Begonia xochiatencana de la Región de La Montaña del estado de Guerrero, México, como una nueva especie para la ciencia. Aunque se encuentra claramente dentro Begonia secc. Gireoudia por su hábito rizomatoso postrado con las hojas radicantes, estípulas quilladas persistentes, flores estaminadas y pistiladas con 2 tépalos, androceo zigomórfico con estambres cuyos filamentos se

Two new species of Canellaceae from Brazil, Cinnamodendron brasiliense and Cinnamodendron catarinense, are here described. These species are known from the Atlantic Forest in the States of São Paulo (southeastern Brazil) and Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), respectively. Cinnamodendron brasiliense shares morphological similarities with C. occhionianum, but it can be distinguished by being a shrub

Species delimitation in Cactaceae is a challenging task due to the proliferation of species and subspecies names. Echinocereus pulchellus occurs across a wide geographical range in Mexico and presents numerous polymorphisms. The species complex has been considered to comprise five subspecies. In the present work, we analyze morphological variation across the E. pulchellus complex to establish the taxonomic

Five new species of Campyloneurum are described: C. castaneum, C. filiforme, C. jamaicense, C. parvisquama, and C. pichinchae. Each is illustrated and compared to similar species. Distribution maps are given for each. This brings the number of generally accepted species in the genus to about 65.

Loricalepis has been known from only three collections from the upper Rio Negro, in Amazonas, Brazil, and the Río Guainía basin, in Colombia, all belonging to a single species, L. duckei. Its capsular fruits and cochleate, tuberculate seeds suggest its relation to pantropical “core Melastomeae”, but it does not have a particularly close morphological connection with any other genus of the tribe. Here

A new species, Campyloneurum atrosquamatum, is described from the western Amazonian region of Ecuador to Bolivia, and from French Guiana and northeastern Brazilian Amazon. The new species belongs to the Repens Clade of Campyloneurum. Previously, it had been identified as C. coarctatum because of its similar lamina size and shape. An earlier phylogenetic study, however, resolved it as sister to C. fuscosquamatum

Two new species of Raputia (Rutaceae: Galipeinae)—R. lindosana and R. santosii—are described from the Serranía de La Lindosa and Serranía de Chiribiquete, rocky outcrops that are outliers of the Guiana Shield, in the Colombian departments of Guaviare and Caquetá, an area of high species diversity. These two new species brings the total number of Raputia to 14, of which seven are known from Colombia

Protium acrense, P. cerradicola and P. yanachagae are described and illustrated, and a key to the twelve species of Protium sect. Tetragastris is provided. Recent botanical exploration is revealing that the Andes constitute a minor center of the Burseraceae diversity that has yielded at least one new species in this section (described here). The other two, now that they have been distinguished from

Goodyerinae is a cosmopolitan terrestrial subtribe of Orchidaceae; some currently accepted Goodyerinae genera have been suggested to be non-monophyletic, including the type genus for the subtribe, Goodyera. The polyphyly of Goodyera has been supported by multiple molecular studies, with several primarily Indomalayan and Australasian species forming distinct clades more closely related to genera such

We provide a floristic and taxonomic treatment of Ficus sect. Americanae for the Brazilian state of Acre. The section is represented in Acre by 30 species. Ficus dugandii and F. pastasana are reported from Brazil for the first time. We reestablish several species, among them F. regularis (previously considered a synonym of F. trigona) and F. mathewsii and F. subapiculata (both previously considered

Recent molecular phylogenies have demonstrated that Pleurostachys (Cyperaceae) should be recognized as a section within Rhynchospora. Here all accepted species of Pleurostachys are transferred to Rhynchospora sect. Pleurostachys, five new combinations are made, and one new name provided. Rhynchospora austrobahiensis and R. contraligularis are described as new species endemic to the Atlantic forest

In this study we transfer Pleonotoma albiflora to Adenocalymma based on a robust molecular phylogeny based on wide sampling of taxa and molecular markers. Morphological studies provide additional support for the placement of this taxon within Adenocalymma. Here, we make the new combination Adenocalymma albiflorum (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), and discuss the morphology and distribution of the species

Salvia rupestris (Lamiaceae), from the Caatinga region of Pernambuco State, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Photos of the specimen dissected in stereo microscope and a distribution map are provided. The new species is compared to S. fruticetorum, a morphologically allied species.

In the course of taxonomic studies on Zingiberaceae in Myanmar, a new species of Curcuma assignable to subgenus Ecomatae was discovered in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing Region, northwestern Myanmar. It is described and illustrated here as Curcuma stolonifera. This new species differs from other species in subgenus Ecomatae Škorničk. & Šída f. in having a combination of the following characters;

An anatomical analysis of Evolvulus glomeratus (Convolvulaceae) specimens revealed a new species endemic to a rock outcrop in Pernambuco State, which is described and illustrated herein. Evolvulus saxatilis differs from Evolvulus glomeratus based on morphological and anatomical characters, including corolla and ovary shape, presence of epidermal vesicles in the anthers, boundaries of the anticlinal walls

We present 21 new synonyms and 15 lectotypifications associated with South American species of Sebastiania. We also clarify the identity of the type species of the genus, S. brasiliensis, and make a new combination, S. ramosissima. These nomenclatural changes are based on study of the protologues and original material, of the treated species.

With approximately 75 species, about 50 of which occur in the Neotropics, Connarus is the largest genus of the pantropical family Connaraceae. It is morphologically separated from other genera of Connaraceae by its trifoliolate or imparipinnate leaves, perianth with glandular dots, a single carpel and dehiscent fruits. Here, we present an updated taxonomic treatment of Connarus in the Brazilian Amazon

Se describen e ilustran Magnolia enepeceana y M. reynelii, dos nuevas especies de Magnoliaceae del departamento de Amazonas en Perú. Magnolia enepeciana difiere de M. llanganatensis, M. manguillo y M. morii por sus estipulas densamente seríceas, hojas glabras, hipsófilos vaginales externamente seríceos, estambres pequeños (5–6 mm de longitud) y gineceo con pocos carpelos (6–10). Magnolia reynelli es

The article "Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. I. Resurrection of the genus Sciodaphyllum P. Browne to accommodate most New World species previously included in Schefflera J. R. Forst. and G. Forst." DOI 10.1007/s12228-019-09593-w was published with an incorrect running header.

The Andes and adjacent regions of western Amazonia are global centers of orchid diversity. Among the Andean countries, Bolivia remains the least well characterized as to its orchid flora, probably containing many new species awaiting description. During systematic studies of Microchilus (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae: Cranichideae: Goodyerinae) and Pelexia (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae: Cranichideae: Spiranthinae)

Se describen e ilustran dos especies nuevas de Asparagaceae, procedentes de la porción sur de la Sierra Madre Oriental en los estados de Guanajuato y Querétaro, México. Agave muxii proveniente del estado de Querétaro se incluye en Agave, subgénero Littaea, sección Choritepalae, ésta se distingue de las otras especies del grupo por su inflorescencia robusta, cubierta densamente por brácteas de color

We used scanning electron microscopy to describe petal epidermal cell patterns and evaluate their systematic implications for 22 representative taxa belonging to all 9 genera of the Rosaceae tribe Spiraeeae, including the monotypic Korean genus Pentactina. Characters of both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the petal epidermis, including cell type (papillose conical cells, papillose knobby rugose

Neoblechnum brasiliense (Blechnaceae) is common and widespread in South America but has been known from Mesoamerica by only one collection from Guatemala by Julian Steyermark in 1939. We discovered two new occurrences of the species, in Belize and Mexico, extending the range of the species over 1000 km north and west into northern Mesoamerica. We discuss possible explanations for the rarity of the

A new species of Begonia section Casparya from Colombia and Venezuela is described and illustrated. Begonia oleosa is closely related to Begonia toledana var. erubescens but differs mainly by its glandular trichomes.

Ongoing taxonomic studies on Manihot in Brazil based on field collections and herbarium consultations led us to describe a new species and to make other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes in the genus. Manihot minimiflora is described and illustrated as a new species from Tocantins state in northern Brazil. Along with M. sagittatopartita and M. acuminatissima, it has the smallest flowers in the genus

A new species, Lindsaea pietrobomii (Lindsaeaceae), from the Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. It differs from the other simple-bladed species of the genus by having the base of the leaf blades obtuse when juvenile and cuneate when mature (never with sinus), the blades flabellate, and the costa up to one-fifth the blade length. An identification key for the simple-bladed species of Lindsaea

Didymopanax had been recognized for at least a century as the only genus of Araliaceae in the Americas with bicarpellate ovaries, but in recent decades, it had been treated in synonymy under Schefflera, where it has been recognized as an informal group. During this time, several new species belonging to the group were described under Schefflera, but there has been a growing understanding over the past

The pantropical genus Thespesia and its allied genera Azanza, Cephalohibiscus and Lebronnecia are revised. We recognize 14 species in Thespesia, two in Azanza and one each in Cephalohibiscus and Lebronnecia. A new combination, Azanza thespesioides var. flaviflora, is made. Lectotypes are designated for: Thespesia banalo, T. danis, T. danisvar.grandibracteata, T. danisvar.somalica, T. debeerstii, T

A new species, Psidium pulcherrimum, is described herein. It is known only from an arid ecotone region of Bahia, Brazil. Information on its conservation status, distribution, and phenology are provided.

The bamboo genus Eremitis is one of the three genera of Parianinae, a subtribe within tribe Olyreae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae). As now understood, Eremitis includes six described species. While surveying the bamboos of Rio Doce State Park, some populations of Eremitis were collected and identified as E. parviflora. However, as part of a taxonomic revision of the genus, these specimens are now recognized

Selaginella moraniana, a new articulate species from Colombia and Ecuador is described and illustrated, and a conservation assessment is provided. The species is terrestrial or epipetric on riverbanks, often growing as a rheophyte, at low to mid elevations in primary and secondary tropical humid forests. It is morphologically related to S. atirrensis and S. lingulata, from which it differs by the margins

Breutelia tundrae is newly described from southernmost Chile. It seems to be restricted to the Magellanic tundra, and thus its name. It is distinguished by the expanded, appressed leaf base, often with lax cells at the shoulders, widest well above the insertion, with only scant alar differentiation. The upper laminal cells are long-rectangular, very thick-walled, and porose. It seems closest to the

Myrosmodes noemiae (Orchidaceae), a new species from the Puna biome in the high northwestern Argentine Andes, is described and illustrated. This species is currently known from a single population; its habitat, a distribution map, and a key to distinguish it from other species of Myrosmodes growing in the Andean region are presented. In addition, we present an updated distribution of M. gymnandra,

Anemia brunnea, a new and endemic species of A. subg. Anemia, is described, discussed, and illustrated. A key to distinguish the most similar morphological species is also presented.

The new species, Rhynchospora belizensis, is described, illustrated, and compared with phylogenetically closely related and morphologically similar species. Rhynchospora belizensis is known only from southern Belize, where it inhabits sunny, very wet, nutrient-poor, peaty ground of graminoid-dominated, gently sloping hillside seepages. It is unique in its combination of great height, aristate scales

Phylogenetic studies have shown that Schefflera, the largest genus of Araliaceae, is highly polyphyletic, comprising five non-sister clades within the family, and that the generic name must be restricted to a small group of Pacific Island species. In an effort to establish monophyletic genera for the other elements still remaining in Schefflera, phylogenetic analyses of the large Neotropical clade

Four new species of Forsteronia are described and illustrated, a distribution map and a key for the species of Forsteronia in Brazil provided, and Forsteronia myriantha lectotypified. Forsteronia manausana resembles F. brevifolia , but differs by its glabrous filaments and smaller leaves. Forstersonia nitida shows affinity to F. tarapotensis but is distinguished by the combination of subcoriaceous

Eugenia harkerae is here described as new from Jalisco, Mexico. It is morphologically similar to E. oerstediana and E. turneri ; however, it differs by its pubescent branchlets with brownish hairs, uniflorous pendant inflorescences, peduncles of 1.5–3 cm long, and glabrous hypanthia.

Otoba vespertilio , a new endemic tree species from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and Panama, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to O. cyclobasis , but differs in having leaf blades with 6–8 secondary veins per side (vs. 14–17) and staminate flowers with the pedicel 2–3.6 mm long (vs. 4–5 mm) and without an extrastaminal disc surrounding the base of the staminal column (vs. extrastaminal

Rubachia has usually been synonymized within Marlierea, which in turn is now considered to be a synonym of Myrcia (the only genus of the Myrcia group). However, the type of Rubachia is a species now placed in Plinia (Plinia spiciflora), making Rubachia a synonym of Plinia (part of the Plinia group), a fact that has been largely overlooked. The taxonomic status of Rubachia is here clarified.

Bletia santosii , a new species from Sinaloa, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, B. santosii is similar to B. parkinsonii and B. mixtecana . However, it differs consistently from those species in multiple aspects of its morphology, as well as in habitat preferences and phenology. It was discovered while carrying out a floristic inventory of El Palmito Sanctuary, a natural protected

A new combination, Monteverdia guyanensis, is provided. This combination is necessitated by a recently published new generic classification that treats species formerly placed in Maytenus that have fruits with coriaceous pericarp opening by two valves and white arils completely covering the seeds in the genus Monteverdia.