Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh. (L.) plants of the Columbia ecotype (Col-0) and its ethylene-insensitive etr1-1 (ethylene resistant 1) and ein2-1 (ethylene insensitive 2) mutants were studied. The plants were compared in respect to their cold tolerance conferred by cold acclimation. The tolerance to negative temperature increased in all the three genotypes after 5-day cooling of the plants at

Abstract Isatis indigotica Fort. is extremely widely planted and used for the source of the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Isatidis (Ban-Lan-Gen), which had pharmacological activities such as anti-endotoxic, antibacterial, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. In the cultivation, salt stress could affect the yields of Radix Isatidis, and activate the secondary metabolism, eg. the

Abstract The responses of Ca2+ signaling mechanism to salt stress in pears are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the difference in the Ca2+ signal responses to NaCl stress in two pear species (Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge. and P. bretschneideri Rehd. cv. ‘Xuehua’). Pear protoplasts were treated with 100 mM NaCl alone and NaCl combined with various chemical agents before changes in intracellular

Abstract The effect of (+) and (–)-usnic acid (UA) on the physiological, biochemical, and cytological characteristics of Allium fistulosum L. seedlings was studied. It was shown that germination of seeds in the medium supplemented with both enantiomers of UA at concentrations of 62.5–1000 μM led to a decrease in laboratory germination, an inhibition of growth processes, a slowing of the mitotic activity

Abstract This paper is try to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) response in mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf. Transcriptome sequencing technology is used to analyze the profiles of low-Cd mulberry Zhehulusang (zhls) and high-Cd mulberry Xianmianzao (xmz) under Cd stress. Approximately 195 million clean reads were obtained, 2785 and 1211 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified

Abstract Plant hormones play major roles in abiotic stress. This study shows that gibberellin acid-inefficient transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) is more tolerant to drought and salinity stress. We also investigated the underlying molecular mechanism by which plants respond to salinity and drought stress. We previously showed how the HD-Zip family I gene Oshox4 (Homeobox 4) regulates GA deactivation

Abstract An experiment was conducted in a split plot factorial design with 3 replications for evaluating the physiological responses of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to different times and types of stress modulators under rain-fed and irrigated conditions. The main factors included cultivation method at the 2 levels of rain-fed and irrigated conditions and foliar application times (once in the vegetative

Abstract The plant SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) proteins, as newly discovered sugar transporters, play various important roles during plant depending on the transmembrane gradient of sugar concentration. SWEET17 protein is one of the SWEET family members transporting fructose in particular. In this study, we identified eight SWEET17s from six loquats (Eriobotrya japonica

Abstract Fruit biochemical analysis of four pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars, contrasting in immature and ripe fruit colour, was performed, and chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins were profiled in the peel and pulp during fruit ripening. It was found that pericarp parts (peel and pulp) differ in pigment composition and accumulation mode. In the same fruit tissues, the expression pattern

Abstract The review analyzes and generalizes literary data and the authors’ results demonstrating the principal difference in plant responses to low-temperature treatments of two different types: (1) long-term constant chilling and (2) short-term daily cooling (temperature drop). The literature indicating the specificity of plant responses to temperature drops as related to their parameters (intensity

Abstract Effects of 0.1 pM melatonin, 1.0 nM sodium selenite (\({\text{SeO}}_{3}^{{2 - }}\)), and the combined application of these agents on morphogenesis and metabolism of two callus cell lines of Saussurea orgaadayi (Khanm.) Krasnob. were examined. Phenotypic distinctions were revealed for cell cultures obtained from different explants, namely, hypocotyls and cotyledons. The number and dimensions

Abstract This work examines the effect of increasing environmental temperatures, resulting from the ongoing global climate change, on the primary leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). To do so, we examined physiological markers that are commonly used to monitor leaf development: specific leaf mass (SLM), leaf area, protein and photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal

Abstract Cardiocrinum cathayanum (Endl.) Lindl. (Liliaceae) is a promising species for ornamental and pharmaceutical usage. However, genomic responses of C. cathayanum to temperature have not been investigated. In the present study, C. cathayanum leaves were cultivated at 10, 20, and 30°C, and leaves were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Overall, 36.9 to 44.1 M clean reads were obtained, which

Abstract De-etiolation or transition from etiolated growth (skotomorphogenesis) to photomorphogenesis is one of the most intriguing and intricate stages of plant ontogenesis. It comprises reprogramming of plant cell metabolism, reorganizing the operation of the hormonal system, and altering plant morphology. Dark growth in the soil mainly depends on phytohormones with gibberellins and brassinosteroids

Abstract YUCCA (YUC) proteins are essential for auxin production and play critical roles in plant growth and development. Many of the fourteen rice OsYUCs identified to date have been characterized, but the functions and expression patterns of OsYUC2 remain unclear. In this study, transgenic rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. ‘Nipponbare’) overexpressing GUS-tagged OsYUC2 under the control of the ubiquitin

Abstract Natural senescence of leaves is a regular physiological process subjected to a certain genetic program and controlled by various phytohormones. Cytokinins (CKs) play a crucial role in the leaf-senescence control being negative regulators of this process. We previously reported on the prolonged vegetative growth and the development of a double knockout ahk2ahk3 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract Composition of phospholipids was examined in embryogenic and non-embryogenic cell lines of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). Significant differences in the content and composition of phospholipids were revealed between the cell lines. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) were predominant phospholipids in embryogenic cell lines, whereas non-embryogenic cell lines

Abstract Plant developmental processes are very flexible and highly depend on environmental factors. This is largely due to the existence of regulatory mechanisms that systemically control development on the whole plant level. In plants, regulatory peptides produced in the roots have been identified that are activated in response to different factors influencing root system, such as variation in the

Abstract Despite cold stress is a critical environmental condition that influences the growth and development of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the genes associated with the low temperature stress response in bell pepper. Bell pepper ‘Zhongjiao NO.4’ (CRC, cold resistance cultivar) and ‘Zhong 30’ (WT, cold sensitive

Abstract Plants establish tiny, cellular signaling pathways playing a unique coordination role in growth and development. Plasmodesmata are playing a central role in the formation of domain, which regulates the cellular network and trafficking of molecules required to create gradient for physiological and developmental processes. The plasmodesmal trafficking provides a novel tool for studying the informational

Abstract Experiments were performed with 10-day-old seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on sand saturated with Knop’s solution at a temperature of 22/18°С by natural light (16 h, 200 µmole quanta/(m2 s). Phytochrome was activated by means of an array of light diodes emitting light in the red spectral region (RL, λ = 656 nm, λ1/2 = 26 nm), inactivation was induced with an array of light

Abstract The effect of donors of hydrogen sulfide (50 μM sodium hydrosulfide NaHS) and nitric oxide (500 μM sodium nitroprusside, SNP) on the salt resistance of wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants (A-rabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh.) and those defective in jasmonate signaling—coi1 (mutant for the gene encoding protein COI1 involved in the removal of repressor proteins of transcriptional factors of jasmonate

Abstract Changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) for the plants Nicotiana tabacum L. and Secale cereale L. during low-temperature hardening have been investigated. It was determined that a transient increase in the content of MDA occurs in tobacco plants at the beginning of the hardening period with subsequent activation of SOD, APX, and

Abstract Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis have been well-documented. However, photosynthetic electron transport process in response to combined drought stress and recovery in maize is relatively scant. In this study, the photosynthetic electron flow, the energy quenching in PSII and PSI, and cyclic electron flow (CEF) activity in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were measured. In both genotypes

Abstract Effects of low concentrations of cadmium ions on growth, photosynthesis, and cell ultrastructure of microalga Ankistrodesmus sp. B-11 were investigated. The addition of cadmium to growth medium at concentrations of 0.005–0.02 mg/L led to a significant decrease in the number of Ankistrodesmus sp. B-11 cells relatively to that in the untreated culture. The addition of cadmium at concentrations

Abstract Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been shown to reduce the negative effects of drought on numerous plant species, but these effects are unknown for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop. The study aimed to investigate the effects of inoculation with Rhizobium tropici, Azospirillum brasilense and the co-inoculation with both rhizobacteria on the nodulation, growth and tolerance

Abstract Hami melon (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Jacq) is an important horticultural crop but susceptible to chilling injury during low temperature storage. To characterize the gene expression profiles of Gold Queen Hami melon under the cold stress and discover the key cold stress-induced genes, five cDNA libraries, C0 (control), C12 (control for 12 d), C24 (control for 24 d), L12 (cold treatment

Abstract The peculiarities in the creation of genetic engineering tools for the knock-in variant of genome editing are considered in detail on the example of gfp gene delivery to two target regions (nucleolus organizer region and the region of one of histone H3 genes) of the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. genome using different methods of delivering exogenous DNA (agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Abstract In this study, effects of soy isoflavones (SIF) on the growth and development, physiology, content of medicinal ingredients and expression levels of enzyme-encoding genes in Achyranthes bidentata Blume under UV-B radiation were systematically investigated. The results showed that UV-B radiation adversely affected the growth and development of A. bidentata seedlings, causing ROS accumulation

Abstract The role of fatty acid ω3 acyl-lipid desaturases in low-temperature hardening (7 days at 3°C) of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Yubilei Zhukova) was studied. It was found that transcriptions of the three genes of ω3 acyl-lipid desaturases present in the potato genome significantly differed in their response to low temperature. The content of the FAD3 gene transcripts dramatically

Abstract Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are ubiquitous enzymes of plant defense which transform polyphenols into quinones that response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. lines harboring OsPPO promoter fused to β-glucoronidase (GUS) reporter gene, were treated exogenously with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and 5, 10 and 15 mM of hydrogen

Abstract The effect of synthetic auxin 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) on the ontogenesis of fruits was studied in tomato. Pollination of flowers of Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Slivovidnyi, brought about the production in the ovaries of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) governing fruit development. The treatment of castrated flowers with 4-CPA also induced IAA synthesis in the ovaries, which caused

Abstract Melatonin is known to exert protective effects in maize against drought stress, but the knowledge regarding interaction among the melatonin, photosynthetic efficiency, ascorbate–glutathione cycle still remains elusive. Two contrasting maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes, SD609 (drought-tolerant) and SD902 (drought-sensitive), were subjected to moderate and severe drought stress along with 100 μM

Abstract The effects of aluminium (Al)-induced alterations on elongating radicles of Cicer arietinum L. were studied in relation to growth and biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Elongating radicles (c. 1 mm) were treated with 0–3 mM aluminium chloride (pH 4.5) for seven days at room temperature (26 ± 2°C). The results indicated that exposure to Al significantly inhibited radicle growth. This

The plants from two populations (P1 and P2) of xero-halophyte Sedobassia sedoides (Pall.) Freitag & G. Kadereit (Chenopodiaceae) with С3–С4 intermediate type of photosynthesis were examined. Morphophysiological parameters were determined: dry biomass of the above-ground organs, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), ultra- and mesostructure of the leaf, carbon isotope discrimination (δ13С)

Abstract Here, the regulatory effects of co-transforming catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and ca-ffeoyl‑CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) isolated from Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake on the biosynthesis of lignin monomers were investigated using a tobacco as a model system. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants were separately transformed with sense EuCOMT and full-length interfering RNA of EuCCoAOMT

Abstract Effect of UV-A radiation (10 W/m2, 2 h) and modifying effect of brief exposure to red light (RL) (1.8 W/m2, 20 min) on photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), as well as on activity of ascorbate peroxidase (AsP) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), were investigated in the leaves of 26–28-day-old Аrabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants of wild type (WT) and mutants: hy3

Abstract Proteins of the chloride channel family CLC (ChLoride Channel) are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The family includes anion channels and anion/proton antiporters. In plants, the CLC proteins are found in various tissues and diverse intracellular membranes. They perform multiple functions and play important physiological roles, such as nitrate and chloride homeostasis at the cellular

Abstract Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P.A. Dangeard is a unicellular green alga capable to assimilate acetate. C. reinhardtii growth and metabolism distinctly depend on trophic conditions. Its influence on batch culture interferes with changes in the medium composition and metabolism of microalgae occurring during culture growth. The aim of this work was to estimate the effect of acetate on changes in

Abstract Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family, as the main herb in the world is cultivated in many countries for extraction of essential oil from the leaves. One of the most important uses of the plant is to use its leaves as raw material in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Interaction effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) at different concentrations (0.00, 400,

Abstract The halophyte Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq. exhibits strong tolerance to salinity. Salt stress leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and high contents of ROS are harmful to plants. The phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) responds positively to damage induced by ROS. To understand the mechanism of tolerance to salt stress in halophytes, a PHGPx gene of K

Abstract The expression of the TCP transcription factor family genes depends on miRNA, whose effect on the translation of their mRNA is poorly studied. Interactions between miRNA and mRNA were studied with the MirTarget program, which allows estimating of quantitative characteristics of binding of the whole nucleotide sequence of miRNA to mRNA. The analysis of binding of 125 miRNAs to mRNAs of 28 genes

Low temperature (LT) and Ascochyta blight are two major stresses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivation. After exposure to LT treatments (acclimation, LT, acclimation + LT and control conditions), we evaluated induced responses by pathogen infection in LT-sensitive (ILC533) and -tolerant (Sel96Th11439) chickpea genotypes. In relation to genotype-specific defense reactions, tolerant plants responded

Abstract Phytohormones salicylic acid and strigolactones play critical roles in mediating plant responses to environmental stress including drought stress. This study investigated whether foliar application of salicylic acid and strigolactones in the form of GR24 will improve the drought tolerance of winter wheat (T-riticum aestivum L.) plants. Exogenous application of strigolactone and salicylic acid

Abstract The participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and also enzymatic systems generating them, in the development of heat resistance of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) seedlings, induced by the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), has been studied. It was found that 24-h pretreatment of seedlings with 0.1–1 mM NaHS increased their survival after the subsequent

Abstract The results of studies on the frost resistance of Olea europaea L. varieties and its subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. and G. Don) Cif. under the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC), as well as the influence of temperature close to the absolute minimum value (–15°С) on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus, catalase activity, polyphenol oxidase, and the content

Abstract The interplay between different signaling pathways that occurs during the development of a root system is investigated by considering, by way of example, the role of effectors of the Ca2+ signaling system and a rhizogenesis-stimulating oligosaccharin (OSRG) on the indoleacetic acid (IAA)-induced formation of adventitious roots. By identifying the sensitivity of different stages of rhizogenesis

Abstract The present research aimed to investigate the effect of ethylene on the physiological and molecular responses of the cut roses, Rosa hybrida L. Two cut rose cultivars (‘Amada +’ and ‘Brillante’) with different ethylene sensitivity were treated by 10 ppm exogenous ethylene for 24 h under identical vase life room conditions at partially open stage. The cultivars were then examined at both partially

Abstract The contents of conjugated covalently polyamines (CC-PAs) and conjugated non-covalently polyamines (CNC-PAs) in embryo tonoplast, and the vacuole conformation were investigated using the embryos of developing maize (Zea mays L.) grains of two cultivars differing in drought-tolerance as experiment materials. The results indicated that after drought stress treatment for seven days, relative

Abstract The development of methods for long-term storage of microalgae remains an important and complex problem, the solution of which is impossible without studying the processes occurring during dehydration and rehydration of vegetative cells. The study presents the results from the investigation of changes in the dimensional characteristics of cells and trichomes of spirulina Arthrospira (Spirulina)

Abstract The portable chlorophyll (Chl) meter SPAD-502 Plus (Konica Minolta Optics, Japan) is one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools for rapid and nondestructive estimation of Chl content in leaves of crops and tree species. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a SPAD-502 Plus to estimate the content of Chl a, Chl b, and Chl (a + b) in Solanum lycopersicum L. leaves with

Abstract The formation of plants' storage organs, in particular the storage root, is an example of plants’ specialization in the accumulation of substances. Studying the genetic mechanisms for the development of the storage root is very relevant in connection with the economic importance of root crops. Nevertheless, the genetic control of storage root’s development is currently poorly studied. The

Abstract Mechanisms of photosynthesis inhibition by vaporous naphthalene, its permeation into thylakoids, and interactions with chlorophyll–protein complexes were studied. It was found that vaporous naphthalene is first adsorbed on the pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf’s surface and then penetrates into the leaf, binds to thylakoids, and inhibits photosynthesis. The adsorbed naphthalene can be washed from

Abstract This research was carried out to determine effectiveness of nitric oxide (NO) on some physiological and biochemical reactions, and water use efficiency (WUE) of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) under well-watered and drought conditions. NO solutions were prepared with four doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM) of sodium nitroprusside as a nitric oxide donor and exogenously applied on only

Abstract Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an economically and ecologically important plant with strong stress resistance. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) can catalyze the reversible reaction of α-ketoglutarate and \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\) to glutamate, and plays an important role in resistance to adverse conditions. In this study, two MaGDH genes were cloned, and their biological characteristics studied

Abstract Effect of synthetic analogs of auxins—2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2.4-D) and α-naphthylacetic (α-NAA) acids—on growth characteristics and accumulation of steroidal glycosides was investigated in suspension cell culture of Tribulus terrestris L. It was found that the substitution of α-NAA for 2.4-D in the nutrient medium brought about a rise in the content of steroidal glycosides in the cultured

Abstract Dynamics of chlorophyll a fluorescence changes (including JIP test parameters) and photosynthetic pigments were studied in oat (Avena sativa L.) leaves of late summer sowing during autumnal cooling. As the average daily temperature decreased from 8 to 2°С, the chlorophyll content decreased by 40%, while the chlorophyll a/b ratio ranged between 2.2 and 2.4. The total pool of carotenoids and

Abstract The first part of this work consists in the identification of a prokaryotic-type bifunctional enzyme (aspartate aminotransferase, PT-AAT) in photosynthetic cells of Sorghum–sudangrass hybrid seeds Sorghum × drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. and Chase. The results obtained show that the enzyme is constituted by a subunit of 45 kDa immunologically similar to the enzymes of C3 plants and gymnosperms

Abstract Analysis of root growth parameters was carried out on the seedlings of 53 monocotyledonous and 78 dicotyledonous plant species. Daily increases of the root length, the root diameter, the length of the meristematic and elongation zones, the length and the number of cells in a cell file of the meristematical cortex cells, and the length of the fully elongated cells were measured during the steady-state

Abstract Components of СО2/Н2О exchange (rates of apparent photosynthesis, transpiration, and dark respiration), as well as efficiency of photosystem I, growth rate, and proline content, were investigated in plants of the С3 species (Atriplex verrucifera M. Bieb), two populations of the С4 species (A. tatarica L.), and two populations of the intermediate С3–С4 species (Sedobassia sedoides (Pall.) Freitag