Since specific metabolites may be associated with salinity tolerance, this study aimed to decipher the salinity tolerance mechanism in date palm based on the information encoded by the metabolomic profiles of the salt-tolerant “Umsila” and salt-susceptible “Zabad” cultivars when grown under salinity conditions. Changes in the metabolomic profiles of the leaf and root tissues were determined using hydrophilic

Maize is a subtropical, cold-sensitive species. However, some varieties of this species have the potential to withstand long-term low temperatures, even at the seedling stage. The molecular basis of this phenomenon has not been determined. In a chromatin-level study, we compared the cold-stress reaction of seedlings of two maize inbred lines showing contrasting levels of cold sensitivity. The cold-tolerant

Rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) is considered amongst the “big four” oilseed crops with varying degrees of cold tolerance. Differential protein expression of cold acclimated young leaves of two canola genotypes, Sari Gul (spring type cold-sensitive) and Zarfam (winter type cold-tolerant), were determined via two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seedling leaves were cold acclimated

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox L.) is a traditional winter-flowering plant in China and a popular cut flower in winter. Its unique flowering characteristics under cold stress may involve the regulation of a large number of proteins. Protein post-translational modification is an important regulating type for the gene function. However, little is known about the post-translational modification in

The maize Emb5 is an abscisic acid–responsive gene which is specifically expressed in the late embryo during seed maturity. To further dissect and identify the elements specific for its embryo expression pattern, we investigated the activity of the − 1653 bp upstream of the “full-length” promoter region of this gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. We first confirmed that the “full-length” promoter

Chaling common wild rice (Chaling CWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is a kind of germplasm resource which possesses abundant genetic diversity and plays a pivotal role in improving cultivated rice. In this research, we used next-generation sequencing technology to reveal the genome sequence of Chaling CWR and investigate its elite genes. The results showed that the average coverage was 93.99%. 1,743,368

Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) IV transcription factors are integral in the plant response to abiotic stressors. In maize, few HD-Zip IV proteins have yet been reported, and the functions are not well understood. In the current study, we isolated ZmHDZIV14 from the HD-Zip IV transcription factor family from maize and characterized its role in the stress response. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis

Despite the involvement of many members of the chitinase family in the plant immune system, the exact functions of most chitinases remain poorly understood, especially in plant defense responses to phytophagous insects. Here, the gene GhChi6, which encodes a chitinase protein in Gossypium hirsutum, was shown to be induced by cotton aphid feeding and mechanical wounding. Overexpression of GhChi6 in

As global temperatures rise, plants are being increasingly exposed to high-temperature stress. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory elements of gene expression under heat stress in trees, the limitation of sequencing technology and methods in identifying lncRNAs has hindered the exploration of their roles. To explore the role of lncRNAs in response to heat stress, we treated Populus

Silene latifolia is an herbaceous plant with great invasive potential. Spread along trade routes from Europe to almost all continents, white campion became particularly widespread in North America. We sequenced the chloroplast genome of S. latifolia subsp. alba from a native range in southeast Fennoscandia. The chloroplast genome of native S. latifolia subsp. alba forms a 151,747-bp circle, has two

Larix olgensis is one of the main coniferous tree species in northeastern China and has excellent timber properties and strong tolerance to stress. Thirteen HD-Zip family genes with a complete CDS region were identified on the basis of cambium transcriptome data from Larix olgensis. All 13 genes were analyzed via bioinformatics by their conserved domain protein sequence and amino acid composition,

Background Flowering is one of the major developmental processes that govern the economic yield of crop plants. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering in Isabgol, an important high-value medicinal crop. Here, we analyzed the leaf transcriptome of early and late flowering genotypes by high throughput next-generation sequencing to uncover the genes and pathways involved

Maize (Zea mays) caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase (ZmaysCOMT, EC 2.1.1.68), a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, catalyzes the O-methylation of caffeic acid to ferulic acid, a precursor of lignin polymer and a crucial component of the cell wall structure. Plant cell wall recalcitrance is due to lignin, and the discovery of specific inhibitors of ZmaysCOMT could be useful to increase the digestibility

The genetic diversity of many Spanish apple collections has been evaluated, but some areas from Central Spain have not been included. In the present work, a set of 41 accessions (33 diploids and 8 triploids) of 23 traditional apple cultivars collected in the region of Madrid and maintained at the IMIDRA collection was analysed with 13 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to evaluate its diversity. Three

Protein phosphorylation is a critical post-translational modification in all aspects of plant biology. The position of the phosphorylated site is an essential characteristic of phosphoproteins. The distribution of phosphosites is associated with both protein sequences and functions. Proteomics and multivariate data analysis were performed on phosphorylated proteins to investigate the relationship between

Aquaporins (APQs) belong to the major intrinsic protein superfamily and play a key role in the transport of water and other solutes across cell membranes. Cofe aquaporin genes assigned to five subfamilies including seven plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP), 9 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIP), 11 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIP), 3 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIP), and 3 X intrinsic proteins

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is an important crop plant both from nutritional and economic points of view. The assessment of genetic diversity and population differentiation of date palms are evaluative for its dynamic conservation and sustainable utilization of its genetic diversity. Estimates of genetic diversity based on molecular markers and fruit characteristics were performed in samples of

The fruit of Lonicera caerulea L. is rich in anthocyanin, which has beneficial effects on human health. However, there is no research report on the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in Lonicera caerulea L. TT8 gene-encoded protein belongs to bHLH transcription factor, and it has been reported to regulate anthocyanin synthesis. In the study, we cloned TT8 gene from Lonicera caerulea L. named

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)) is an important crop for food security in Senegal; therefore, understanding the genetic diversity of local germplasm is relevant for crop improvement and genetic maintenance in the era of climate change. For this purpose, 15 microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of Senegalese cowpea germplasm, including 671 accessions grown in eight regions

Pollen tube germination and elongation are important processes for double fertilization in flowering plants. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of pollen germination and tube growth in rice. Here, we reported that OsAPT1, a pollen-high expression gene and encoding a putative APT1 protein in Oryza sativa, regulating pollen tube germination and elongation in rice. Real-time quantitative

Metabolic responses are important for plant adaptation to abiotic stress. To investigate the responses of Phlox subulata L. to drought stress, we analyzed its physiological and metabolic changes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Based on the physiological indices, P. subulata L. has tolerance to drought to some degree. Our results showed that there were a total of 30 key metabolites induced

Cell cycle is precisely controlled by numerous regulators. Although extensive studies have identified the cell cycle regulators in rice and Arabidopsis and classified into different gene families, relatively few cell cycle regulators were identified in maize. In this study, 110 putative core cell cycle–related genes in the maize genome were identified through sequence alignment analysis. Among them

In plants, Lipoxygenase (LOX) genes play crucial roles in tolerance to abiotic as well as biotic stress. Although they have been characterized in various plants, little is known about the evolution and role of LOX under high temperature, drought and their combination in Brassica. In this study, we identified 13 divergent LOX genes which are distributed among six linkage groups (LG) of Brassica rapa

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with high toxicity to plants. Root is the major organ to respond to Pb stress. However, little is known about how plant roots perceive Pb stress signaling. Here, we describe the transcriptome of Arabidopsis root tips under Pb stress using the RNA-seq assay. A total of 703 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and expressed at every time points. Some early-responsive

Phytohormones are chemical substances that in minute concentration instruct a plethora of developmental and physiological responses in plants. These signal molecules synthesized within the plant body are referred to as plant growth regulators. The available literature revealed that manipulation of phytohormonal content could be a promising approach towards augmentation of environmental stress tolerance

Plant-derived smoke plays a key role in plant growth. Proteomic technique was used for underlying mechanisms of plant-derived smoke on the growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) under flooding stress. The length and weight of soybean root increased with 2000 parts per million plant-derived smoke under flooding stress within 4 days. Altered proteins by plant-derived smoke treatment under flooding stress

Analysis of evolving microRNA repertoires within the plant domain can further corroborate our understanding of genome evolution and plasticity. An extensive collection of relatively unbiased miRBase-registered plant miRNAs and predicted unlisted MIRs from 23 plant ESTs were examined. As a result, 4324 pre-miRNAs were predicted and classified in 656 miRNA gene families with mostly being transposons

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is an economically important conifer tree that can be widely used for timber, pulp, and resin production. However, the phosphate (Pi) deficiency in tropical and subtropical forest soils poses severe challenges for the productivity of masson pine. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been proven to play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most harmful pathogens in soybeans, causing large yield losses. Therefore, it is very important to breed resistant soybean cultivars, but first we need to understand the genetics of soybean. Genetic maps are efficient tools in plant genetics and molecular-assisted breeding. In this study, a large-scale survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the

A total of 120 nodal segments of Chrysanthemum ‘Gongju’ plantlets were treated with colchicine to obtain autopolyploidy. Flow cytometry showed that 1 of the 12 surviving seedlings had DNA contents that were twice that of tetraploid plants. Microscopy revealed that the epidermal cell and stomatal area of octoploid plant leaves were larger than those of tetraploid plant leaves. Morphological characteristics

Assessment of genetic diversity by using metabolic and molecular markers is important for the characterization of local unexplored germplasms of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and their further utilization in crop breeding programme. However, such studies are limited to garden cress, an important medicinal crop of India. In the present study, biochemical, morphological and molecular characters

Winter survival develops efficient tolerance mechanisms in plants by regulating cold-responsive and cold-regulated genes at the transcriptional level. Hence, an insight into the expression would provide the molecular function of these cold responsive genes. In this study, an uncharacterized gene encoding a cold-regulated (Cor413) protein identified from Saccharum spontaneum (wild relative species of

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects crop productivity. Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a perennial plant with some salt tolerance. However, little is known about its response mechanism to salinity stress. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis in the leaves of A. officinalis seedlings treated with NaCl solution for 0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h using the Illumina

Cullin (CUL) gene family organizes the largest class of RING E3 ligases which play crucial roles in the ubiquitin-proteasome system to affect plant physiological activities. However, little is known about the CUL genes in fruit trees. In this study, 57 CUL genes were isolated from the sequenced genomes of seven Rosaceae trees and were divided into three subfamilies according to phylogenetic analyses

Plants coordinate metabolism and other physiological processes via circadian rhythms to cope with the diurnally changing environment. Light is the most important factor influencing circadian clock gene expression. Multi-level interactions occur between the plant circadian clock and the environment, and many circadian clock-related genes exhibit a positive effect in environmental changes on different

Drought tolerance of plants is related to their root system architecture. The architecture of a mature plant root system is closely linked to seminal root growth at the seedling stage; hence, selection for root characteristics at the seedling stage may identify genotypes better suited for drought conditions. Here, the genetics of seminal root angle and number were investigated in three doubled haploid

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors play important roles in the process of abiotic stress response in plants. However, little is known about the functional roles of NACs in Picea (P.) wilsonii. In this study, we functionally characterized a novel P. wilsonii NAC transcription factor PwNAC30 by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. The results showed that PwNAC30 is mainly localized

Major abiotic stress factors such as drought, salinity, hypoxia, and extreme temperatures along with rapid global climate change have had a huge negative impact on agricultural productivity. Understanding the abiotic stress-responsive molecular mechanisms and its associated proteins is extremely important to advance our knowledge towards developing multiple abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Firstly

MicroRNA319a (miR319a) acts as an essential regulator of gene expression during plant development and under stress conditions. Although the role of miR319a in regulating leaf development has been well studied in Arabidopsis, the function of miR319a in regulating seed oil content remains poorly understood. To examine the effects of miR319a on oilseed oil bodies (OBs) and oil content, miR319a was overexpressed

As unique secondary metabolites of Ginkgo biloba L. and relics of Ginkgoaceae, terpene trilactones (TTLs) possess great medicinal value. In this study, we investigated the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, cold stress (4 °C), and exogenous hormone treatment on TTLs and key genes expression in ginkgo leaves in annual potted ginkgo seedlings subjected to different stress treatments. The processing

To better understand the fruit flesh coloration mechanism of peach (Prunus persica), the composition and accumulation of carotenoids were compared, the expression profile of key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthetic and catabolic pathways was performed, and the differentially expressed genes were identified using “Piqiutao” (white fruit flesh) and its mutant yellow “Piqiutao” at different fruit

The CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) is a key feature of green algal cells, induced in response to limiting CO2 conditions. Calcium-dependent signaling has been shown to play a role in this acclimation process to low inorganic carbon in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but the molecular players have not been characterized. One type of Ca2+ channel, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels

Coffee is a popular beverage in the world and a valuable agricultural export commodity for several developing countries. Coffea arabica is one of the widely cultivated species and is believed to have originated from Ethiopia. Currently, a large number of C. arabica accessions are conserved ex situ in field gene banks in Ethiopia. However, there is no useful molecular barcoding to identify the conserved

The Chinese wild Vitis amurensis Rupr. is a crucial resource for cold-resistant germplasm, but the molecular mechanism of cold resistance in V. amurensis has not been clarified. We conducted a physiological and transcriptome analysis of potted plants of V. amurensis accession “Shuangyou” (cold-resistant) and Vitis vinifera cultivar “Red Globe” (cold-sensitive) subjected to 0 °C for 3, 12, 48, and 72 h

Cucumber is an economically important horticultural crop that is highly dependent on nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrate is the main nitrogen source for cucumber; however, the effects of nitrogen signaling on the early-stage growth of cucumber seedlings and the related regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. To compare seedling growth status at different nitrate levels, we performed a growth experiment using

Phospholipase D (PLD)– and phospholipase C (PLC)/diacylglycerol kinase (DGK)–coupled pathways produce phosphatidic acid (PA), which is an important signal transduction process in animal and plant cells. DGK is the second largest PA-generating factor after PLD in both biotic and abiotic stress responses, which could phosphorylate diacylglycerol (DG) to form PA. Here, we assessed the biological role

A single transcription factor is known to coordinate expression of a set of metabolites in a biochemical pathway; its use therefore can be a functional strategy in generating plants with desired traits. Triticum aestivum Dof1 (TaDof1) transcription factor is mainly associated with improved nitrogen assimilation in plants. In the current research, the transgenic wheat overexpressing TaDof1 transcription

Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand is a medicinally and economically important woody shrub used to cure various diseases. In the present study, for the first time, we have identified and validated expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from C. procera and studied the cross-species transferability of the selected markers. We have identified 34,355 potential EST-SSRs from C

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, a hemibiotrophic filamentous fungal pathogen is one of the important diseases of tomato. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a novel alternative strategy for the control of plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. Therefore, we tested the potential of RNAi for the control of Fusarium wilt in tomato by targeting a key polyamine

As part of a wider project to assess the impact of ultrasound on in vitro plant growth, this paper aimed to determine whether the application of piezoelectric ultrasound (PE-US) would induce changes to the transcriptome of in vitro potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). After exposing explants (single-node segments with a single leaf) to PE-US (35 kHz; 70 W) for 20 min, the effect of this stressor was determined

Yazhan is a restorer rice line bred by Jiangxi Tianya Seed Industry Co., LTD, and its hybrid combination has a high yield, excellent rice quality, and strong resistance. In this study, Yazhan, Huazhan, and Zhanhui 15 were used as the experimental materials. Based on agronomic traits, SSR primer screening and second-generation resequencing were conducted to study the genetic basis of Yazhan. The results

The genus Urochloa P. Beauv. presents a prominent role in the tropical agricultural scenario being composed of species with different ploidy levels. Studies on the genomic relationship within this genus as well as specific analysis involving epigenetic marks are limited. The aim of the present study was to identify the cytosine methylation (5-mCyt) and histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3k9me2) in

Sesquiterpenoid Zerumbone, the principal secondary metabolite in Zingiber zerumbet Smith, has been identified as the putative molecule conferring resistance against soft-rot causative, Pythium myriotylum. Metabolic precursors for sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis namely, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and DMAPP, are generated either from cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) and/or the plastidal methylerythritol

This study investigated the flavonoid compounds in Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia arguta fruits. A total of 125 flavonoids, including 9 anthocyanins, 12 catechins, 17 flavanones, 48 flavones (including 14 flavone C-glycosides), 29 flavonols, 6 isoflavones, and 4 proanthocyanidins, were identified in “Hongyang” kiwifruit (red flesh), “Jintao” kiwifruit, “Mini Amethyst” kiwiberry (purple flesh), and

Auxin plays crucial roles in modulating various aspects of plant growth and development throughout the plant life cycle. At the molecular level, auxin rapidly upregulates the expression of many genes, including those belong to three primary auxin-responsive (PAR) gene families. Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) family is the largest among the three PAR gene families and contains 81 genes; however, molecular

The high lignin content of Rosa roxburghii fruits imparts a strong rough taste, which has restricted its use in industry. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying lignin biosynthesis in R. roxburghii fruits. Illumina and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing platforms were combined to analyze the transcriptomic changes during the ripening of R. roxburghii fruits. After assembly

Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is an evergreen aromatic woody tree widely used in landscaping. However, O. fragrans is very sensitive to cold stress, which seriously limits its cultivation and application in regions of low temperature. The NAC transcription factor gene family which has been characterized in many plant species could participate in multiple processes and play critical roles in

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits productivity in yardlong bean. Identification of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying salt tolerance is a prerequisite for successful marker-assisted selection when breeding for salt-tolerance. The objective of this study was to use a set of insertions and deletions (InDels) found in salt stress-responsive genes to construct a linkage map and identify

A core collection reflects the diversity of the larger germplasm collection and makes the evaluation of genetic resources more effective. To improve barley germplasm management, we propose the construction of a core genetic collection derived from a set of 204 six-rowed hulless barley accessions (39 registered cultivars and 165 landraces) native to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). A sampling percentage

Seed aging is a complex and irreversible process during seed development and storage. The quality of parental seeds affects yield and quality of hybrid rice seeds directly. However, little is known about the mechanism of the accelerated aging seeds in hybrid rice photoperiod-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines. RNA-Seq technique was performed by using seed embryos of two PTGMS lines,