Rice (Oryza sativa) is a tropical cereal crop that is severely affected by chilling stress at the seedling stage, although glutinous rice 89-1 (Gr89-1) in Chongqing, China, shows tolerance to low temperatures and overwintering ability. However, little research has been conducted on the mechanisms regulating chilling stress in Gr89-1. In this study, a comprehensive of transcriptional profiles of Gr89-1

Allantoin is an intermediate product of purine catabolic pathway that helps in nitrogen mobilization in plants. It is ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom and serves as an important N form transported from source to sink. During the recent years, allantoin has emerged as a molecule involved in increasing stress tolerance in plants. Higher allantoin biosynthesis and accumulation in plants is correlated

Cassava is an important starchy and food crop; however, the commercial value of cassava is seriously constrained by postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying PPD was studied by comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Physiological analyses indicated that the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide

The Arabidopsis RRTF1 promoter is transiently activated by salt stress over 6 hours, before it quickly reverts to pre-stress levels, even if the salt stress continues. This allows the short-term expression of components that, although initially beneficial to the plant, will have negative effects if continuously produced at high levels. We therefore tested the application of the RRTF1 promoter to drive

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a species of temperate origin, and the extension of this crop into tropical regions is dependent on genetic breeding. Breeders in the UNICENTRO’s Strawberry Breeding Program (USBP) selected, from among 2,000 hybrids, 40 hybrids that were adapted to photoperiod and temperature conditions of tropical regions. In this study, we used inter-simple

Rice is one of the most important crops worldwide, whose yield is vital to human nutrition in the context of a rapidly growing world population. Plant architecture significantly affects grain yield, which is to a large extent determined by tiller angle and tiller number. Tiller angle is the angle between the primary tiller and the main culm. Its regulation is complex and is influenced by multiple environmental

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-020-01265-4

Plants develop a series of physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to survive in drought stress. Many drought-related genes with various functions which regulated by ABA-dependent and independent pathways have been identified in wheat. However, studies on the effect of biostimulants on drought-related genes are limited and unclear. As a biostimulant, humic acid (HA) has enormous roles on

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on oxidative damage and efficiency of PSII photochemistry in barley and compare the varietal response of different genotypes including Yusof (tolerant), Moroc9-75 (sensitive), and wild barley (HS) to drought. Plants were subjected to different levels of soil water availability including control, moderate, and severe drought stress

The sugars-will-eventually-be-exported-transporters (SWEET) family is a newly characterized group of sugar transporters, which plays an important role in diverse biological processes, including plant growth, development, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. SWEET family genes, known as SWEETs, have been characterized in many plant species, but a comprehensive analysis has not been performed

Polyploidization plays an important role in the genesis of cultivated wheat (hexaploid and tetraploid) from its diploid progenitors. Thus, evolution during polyploidization resulted in present-day hexaploid bread wheat. GS2 and Fd-GOGAT enzymes are core components involved in the assimilation of primary nitrogen (N) in plants. In the present study, we aimed to analyze these two important genes at their

Drought is one of the most severe stresses which limit sugarcane production in China. ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is a major enzyme responsible for the production of acetyl-CoA in cytoplasm and plays an important role in plant metabolism and stress response. In this study, sugarcane ACL gene SoACLA-1 was cloned. The plant overexpression vector of SoACLA-1 was built and transformed into sugarcane calli

The GHMP (galactokinase, homoserine kinase, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase) kinase gene superfamily is a unique class of ATP-dependent enzymes. It plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, biosynthesis of isoprenes, amino acids and nucleotide sugars. However, this important gene family has not been characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, total forty-seven

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is the most important non-food cash crop worldwide and has recently been considered a Cd hyperaccumulator. Metallothionein, a small–molecular weight protein with cysteine-rich domains, plays a key role in plant growth, development, and maintenance of metal homeostasis. The understanding of the tobacco metallothionein (MT) gene family remains unclear. Herein, we systematically

Intra-species genetic variability assessment is an effective tool in formulating genetic improvement and germplasm conservation strategies. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a semidomesticated medicinal herb consumed widely in traditional diet in North-Eastern India. In the present study, an effort has been made to assess the genetic diversity of H. cordata Thunb. from Brahmaputra valley of North-East India

B-box proteins have emerged as prominent mechanisms for controlling growth and developmental processes and in some instances responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. These proteins mediate transcriptional regulations and protein–protein interactions in cellular signalling processes. B-box proteins thereby play an important role in coordinating physiological and biochemical pathway flux and

The SABATH family proteins catalyse S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation of hormones, signal molecules and other metabolites in plants, and they play an important role in various processes of plant development, especially in plant resistance. Solanum lycopersicum is an important model plant and provides fleshy fruits that are widely used. To date, the SABATH family has not been investigated

Rice is highly sensitive to salt stress at flowering stage. With the objective of detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in multi-environment for this stage, 180 backcross-derived lines (BC3F5) from salt tolerant donor Pokkali (AC41585) and recurrent parent IR 64 were subjected to evaluation in saline (EC = 8 dSm−1) and non-saline environments in wet season of 2014 and 2015 employing a novel phenotyping

Global warming threatens many aspects of human life, including a reduction in crop yields, and breeding heat-tolerant crops is a fundamental way to help address this challenge. As food for more than half of the global population, rice (Oryza sativa) has always been a popular research material in plant science. Breeding heat-tolerant rice using genes affording thermotolerance is a fundamental way to

Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP) hosts 24% of Egyptian Silene species including the endemic ones. This study investigated five Silene species representing 17% of all Egyptian Silene; three of them are endemic to Egypt (S. oreosinaica, S. leucophylla, and S. schimperiana). S. schimperiana was widely distributed in different areas in SKP, whereas S. oreosinaica was very rare and was spotted as two

Since specific metabolites may be associated with salinity tolerance, this study aimed to decipher the salinity tolerance mechanism in date palm based on the information encoded by the metabolomic profiles of the salt-tolerant “Umsila” and salt-susceptible “Zabad” cultivars when grown under salinity conditions. Changes in the metabolomic profiles of the leaf and root tissues were determined using hydrophilic

Maize is a subtropical, cold-sensitive species. However, some varieties of this species have the potential to withstand long-term low temperatures, even at the seedling stage. The molecular basis of this phenomenon has not been determined. In a chromatin-level study, we compared the cold-stress reaction of seedlings of two maize inbred lines showing contrasting levels of cold sensitivity. The cold-tolerant

Rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus L.) is considered amongst the “big four” oilseed crops with varying degrees of cold tolerance. Differential protein expression of cold acclimated young leaves of two canola genotypes, Sari Gul (spring type cold-sensitive) and Zarfam (winter type cold-tolerant), were determined via two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seedling leaves were cold acclimated

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox L.) is a traditional winter-flowering plant in China and a popular cut flower in winter. Its unique flowering characteristics under cold stress may involve the regulation of a large number of proteins. Protein post-translational modification is an important regulating type for the gene function. However, little is known about the post-translational modification in

The maize Emb5 is an abscisic acid–responsive gene which is specifically expressed in the late embryo during seed maturity. To further dissect and identify the elements specific for its embryo expression pattern, we investigated the activity of the − 1653 bp upstream of the “full-length” promoter region of this gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. We first confirmed that the “full-length” promoter

Chaling common wild rice (Chaling CWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is a kind of germplasm resource which possesses abundant genetic diversity and plays a pivotal role in improving cultivated rice. In this research, we used next-generation sequencing technology to reveal the genome sequence of Chaling CWR and investigate its elite genes. The results showed that the average coverage was 93.99%. 1,743,368

Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) IV transcription factors are integral in the plant response to abiotic stressors. In maize, few HD-Zip IV proteins have yet been reported, and the functions are not well understood. In the current study, we isolated ZmHDZIV14 from the HD-Zip IV transcription factor family from maize and characterized its role in the stress response. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis

Despite the involvement of many members of the chitinase family in the plant immune system, the exact functions of most chitinases remain poorly understood, especially in plant defense responses to phytophagous insects. Here, the gene GhChi6, which encodes a chitinase protein in Gossypium hirsutum, was shown to be induced by cotton aphid feeding and mechanical wounding. Overexpression of GhChi6 in

As global temperatures rise, plants are being increasingly exposed to high-temperature stress. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory elements of gene expression under heat stress in trees, the limitation of sequencing technology and methods in identifying lncRNAs has hindered the exploration of their roles. To explore the role of lncRNAs in response to heat stress, we treated Populus

Silene latifolia is an herbaceous plant with great invasive potential. Spread along trade routes from Europe to almost all continents, white campion became particularly widespread in North America. We sequenced the chloroplast genome of S. latifolia subsp. alba from a native range in southeast Fennoscandia. The chloroplast genome of native S. latifolia subsp. alba forms a 151,747-bp circle, has two

Larix olgensis is one of the main coniferous tree species in northeastern China and has excellent timber properties and strong tolerance to stress. Thirteen HD-Zip family genes with a complete CDS region were identified on the basis of cambium transcriptome data from Larix olgensis. All 13 genes were analyzed via bioinformatics by their conserved domain protein sequence and amino acid composition,

Background Flowering is one of the major developmental processes that govern the economic yield of crop plants. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering in Isabgol, an important high-value medicinal crop. Here, we analyzed the leaf transcriptome of early and late flowering genotypes by high throughput next-generation sequencing to uncover the genes and pathways involved

Maize (Zea mays) caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase (ZmaysCOMT, EC 2.1.1.68), a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, catalyzes the O-methylation of caffeic acid to ferulic acid, a precursor of lignin polymer and a crucial component of the cell wall structure. Plant cell wall recalcitrance is due to lignin, and the discovery of specific inhibitors of ZmaysCOMT could be useful to increase the digestibility

The genetic diversity of many Spanish apple collections has been evaluated, but some areas from Central Spain have not been included. In the present work, a set of 41 accessions (33 diploids and 8 triploids) of 23 traditional apple cultivars collected in the region of Madrid and maintained at the IMIDRA collection was analysed with 13 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to evaluate its diversity. Three

Protein phosphorylation is a critical post-translational modification in all aspects of plant biology. The position of the phosphorylated site is an essential characteristic of phosphoproteins. The distribution of phosphosites is associated with both protein sequences and functions. Proteomics and multivariate data analysis were performed on phosphorylated proteins to investigate the relationship between

Aquaporins (APQs) belong to the major intrinsic protein superfamily and play a key role in the transport of water and other solutes across cell membranes. Cofe aquaporin genes assigned to five subfamilies including seven plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP), 9 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIP), 11 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIP), 3 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIP), and 3 X intrinsic proteins

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is an important crop plant both from nutritional and economic points of view. The assessment of genetic diversity and population differentiation of date palms are evaluative for its dynamic conservation and sustainable utilization of its genetic diversity. Estimates of genetic diversity based on molecular markers and fruit characteristics were performed in samples of

The fruit of Lonicera caerulea L. is rich in anthocyanin, which has beneficial effects on human health. However, there is no research report on the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in Lonicera caerulea L. TT8 gene-encoded protein belongs to bHLH transcription factor, and it has been reported to regulate anthocyanin synthesis. In the study, we cloned TT8 gene from Lonicera caerulea L. named

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)) is an important crop for food security in Senegal; therefore, understanding the genetic diversity of local germplasm is relevant for crop improvement and genetic maintenance in the era of climate change. For this purpose, 15 microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of Senegalese cowpea germplasm, including 671 accessions grown in eight regions

Pollen tube germination and elongation are important processes for double fertilization in flowering plants. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of pollen germination and tube growth in rice. Here, we reported that OsAPT1, a pollen-high expression gene and encoding a putative APT1 protein in Oryza sativa, regulating pollen tube germination and elongation in rice. Real-time quantitative

Metabolic responses are important for plant adaptation to abiotic stress. To investigate the responses of Phlox subulata L. to drought stress, we analyzed its physiological and metabolic changes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Based on the physiological indices, P. subulata L. has tolerance to drought to some degree. Our results showed that there were a total of 30 key metabolites induced

Cell cycle is precisely controlled by numerous regulators. Although extensive studies have identified the cell cycle regulators in rice and Arabidopsis and classified into different gene families, relatively few cell cycle regulators were identified in maize. In this study, 110 putative core cell cycle–related genes in the maize genome were identified through sequence alignment analysis. Among them

In plants, Lipoxygenase (LOX) genes play crucial roles in tolerance to abiotic as well as biotic stress. Although they have been characterized in various plants, little is known about the evolution and role of LOX under high temperature, drought and their combination in Brassica. In this study, we identified 13 divergent LOX genes which are distributed among six linkage groups (LG) of Brassica rapa

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with high toxicity to plants. Root is the major organ to respond to Pb stress. However, little is known about how plant roots perceive Pb stress signaling. Here, we describe the transcriptome of Arabidopsis root tips under Pb stress using the RNA-seq assay. A total of 703 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and expressed at every time points. Some early-responsive

Phytohormones are chemical substances that in minute concentration instruct a plethora of developmental and physiological responses in plants. These signal molecules synthesized within the plant body are referred to as plant growth regulators. The available literature revealed that manipulation of phytohormonal content could be a promising approach towards augmentation of environmental stress tolerance

Plant-derived smoke plays a key role in plant growth. Proteomic technique was used for underlying mechanisms of plant-derived smoke on the growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) under flooding stress. The length and weight of soybean root increased with 2000 parts per million plant-derived smoke under flooding stress within 4 days. Altered proteins by plant-derived smoke treatment under flooding stress

Analysis of evolving microRNA repertoires within the plant domain can further corroborate our understanding of genome evolution and plasticity. An extensive collection of relatively unbiased miRBase-registered plant miRNAs and predicted unlisted MIRs from 23 plant ESTs were examined. As a result, 4324 pre-miRNAs were predicted and classified in 656 miRNA gene families with mostly being transposons

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is an economically important conifer tree that can be widely used for timber, pulp, and resin production. However, the phosphate (Pi) deficiency in tropical and subtropical forest soils poses severe challenges for the productivity of masson pine. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been proven to play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most harmful pathogens in soybeans, causing large yield losses. Therefore, it is very important to breed resistant soybean cultivars, but first we need to understand the genetics of soybean. Genetic maps are efficient tools in plant genetics and molecular-assisted breeding. In this study, a large-scale survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the

A total of 120 nodal segments of Chrysanthemum ‘Gongju’ plantlets were treated with colchicine to obtain autopolyploidy. Flow cytometry showed that 1 of the 12 surviving seedlings had DNA contents that were twice that of tetraploid plants. Microscopy revealed that the epidermal cell and stomatal area of octoploid plant leaves were larger than those of tetraploid plant leaves. Morphological characteristics

Assessment of genetic diversity by using metabolic and molecular markers is important for the characterization of local unexplored germplasms of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and their further utilization in crop breeding programme. However, such studies are limited to garden cress, an important medicinal crop of India. In the present study, biochemical, morphological and molecular characters

Winter survival develops efficient tolerance mechanisms in plants by regulating cold-responsive and cold-regulated genes at the transcriptional level. Hence, an insight into the expression would provide the molecular function of these cold responsive genes. In this study, an uncharacterized gene encoding a cold-regulated (Cor413) protein identified from Saccharum spontaneum (wild relative species of

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects crop productivity. Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a perennial plant with some salt tolerance. However, little is known about its response mechanism to salinity stress. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis in the leaves of A. officinalis seedlings treated with NaCl solution for 0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h using the Illumina

Cullin (CUL) gene family organizes the largest class of RING E3 ligases which play crucial roles in the ubiquitin-proteasome system to affect plant physiological activities. However, little is known about the CUL genes in fruit trees. In this study, 57 CUL genes were isolated from the sequenced genomes of seven Rosaceae trees and were divided into three subfamilies according to phylogenetic analyses

Plants coordinate metabolism and other physiological processes via circadian rhythms to cope with the diurnally changing environment. Light is the most important factor influencing circadian clock gene expression. Multi-level interactions occur between the plant circadian clock and the environment, and many circadian clock-related genes exhibit a positive effect in environmental changes on different

Drought tolerance of plants is related to their root system architecture. The architecture of a mature plant root system is closely linked to seminal root growth at the seedling stage; hence, selection for root characteristics at the seedling stage may identify genotypes better suited for drought conditions. Here, the genetics of seminal root angle and number were investigated in three doubled haploid

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors play important roles in the process of abiotic stress response in plants. However, little is known about the functional roles of NACs in Picea (P.) wilsonii. In this study, we functionally characterized a novel P. wilsonii NAC transcription factor PwNAC30 by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. The results showed that PwNAC30 is mainly localized

Major abiotic stress factors such as drought, salinity, hypoxia, and extreme temperatures along with rapid global climate change have had a huge negative impact on agricultural productivity. Understanding the abiotic stress-responsive molecular mechanisms and its associated proteins is extremely important to advance our knowledge towards developing multiple abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Firstly

MicroRNA319a (miR319a) acts as an essential regulator of gene expression during plant development and under stress conditions. Although the role of miR319a in regulating leaf development has been well studied in Arabidopsis, the function of miR319a in regulating seed oil content remains poorly understood. To examine the effects of miR319a on oilseed oil bodies (OBs) and oil content, miR319a was overexpressed