Extraction of carotenoids and fatty acids from microalgae is a technological bottleneck in processing. An improved extraction process was developed to scale the production of these bioproducts from Nannochloropsis gaditana. Different cell disruption methods were evaluated in terms of carotenoid release. Ethanol was substituted with isopropyl alcohol in a three-component solution of water:isopropyl

The conversion of the macroalgae Ulva prolifera into monosaccharides and value-added furfurals in water or water-tetrahydrofuran co-solvent with formic acid was studied. At 160 °C in water, different Brønsted acids (initial pH = 2) were tested. The use of formic acid obtained the highest yields of total monosaccharides (Glu 18.8 wt%, Xyl 12.9 wt%, and Rha 42.1 wt%), while lower yields of monosaccharides

A screening method using 15% CO2 (v/v) as screening stress and a spotting plate method was developed to isolate microalgae with the potential to convert flue gas CO2 to biomass. A total of six microalgal strains, belonging to the genera Chlorella, Heynigia, Desmodesmus, and Scenedesmus, were isolated from ponds near metallurgical/cement/power plants. The growth of these isolated strains was dramatically

Hydrogen production from microalgae has attracted considerable attention due to its high energy content and as a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. Various strains of microalgae have been reported to produce “biohydrogen”, but screening for new strains is still necessary to discover strains with higher hydrogen yields. A newly isolated hydrogen-producing green alga was screened and

The chronic effects of three different stressors, irradiance, temperature, and desiccation, on Photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency were investigated in two heteromorphic life-history stages of a cultivated red alga, Pyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis (Bangiales) from Japan. The maximum quantum yields of PSII (Fv/Fm) over the range of temperature between 4 and 36 °C for 96-h exposure showed

The effects of fluorescent light and different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with white, red, green, and blue light on two macroalgal species, Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), have been investigated via the measurements of growth rates, photosynthesis, and biochemical contents of pigments (i.e., chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycobilin) and soluble protein. In

Producing rice grain with superior quality along with higher productivity is very much needed to improve the food and nutrient security. Therefore, this experiment was designed to determine the effect of seaweed sap derived from the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (K–sap) on quality improvement of rice grown under rice–potato–greengram crop sequence. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments using

Presently, there is lack of a vaccine that would lead to immunization against the virus COVID-19, but here are some of the characteristics that various seaweeds have and which may provide a glimpse into potential solutions of this global health problem in the near future and possibly forearm us for any future such pandemics. Many species of marine algae contain significant quantities of complex structural

Ulva fenestrata is an economically and ecologically important green algal species with a large potential in seaweed aquaculture due to its high productivity, wide environmental tolerance, as well as interesting functional and nutritional properties. Here, we performed a series of manipulative cultivation experiments in order to investigate the effects of irradiance (50, 100, and 160 μmol photons m−2 s−1)

Betaphycus, Eucheuma and Kappaphycus (Gigartinales, Florideophyceae) are the most commercially important genera of the family Solieriaceae that produce carrageenan. Here, three complete plastid genomes of Betaphycus gelatinus, Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus striatus were fully sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. Genome organizations and gene contents of the three plastid genomes

Seaweeds have been around since well before the dawn of mankind and have had varying degrees of influence on societies throughout history. Today, they have a well-established position of value after much scientific endeavour and commercialisation of applications. In the distant past, however, seaweeds were seen as a fundamental component of the sea and the beings associated with it, and they also held

Global warming is altering both phytoplankton-experienced temperature and light-exposure duration through shifting their niches from low to high latitudes. We explored the growth, physiology, and compositions of a smaller Thalassiosira pseudonana and a larger Thalassiosira punctigera, temperate marine centric diatoms, in responses to a matrix of temperatures (12, 15, 18, and 21 °C) and photoperiods

There are many studies on the use of lasers as a special mutation-breeding method to select microorganisms and plant seeds. In this study, we screened 72 microalgal mutants from the Chlorella samples irradiated using three types of laser (He-Ne, Nd:YAG and SC). Finally, 2 mutants N2 and S3 from wild Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and 1 mutant, N3 from Chlorella pacifica having high potential for biodiesel

Lipid-accumulating microalgae are an emerging feedstock for production of liquid biofuel because of their high biomass and lipid productivity. The potential of the green microalgae, Chlorolobion sp. (BIOTECH 4031) and Chlorella sp. (BIOTECH 4026), for biodiesel production was evaluated by analyzing the effect of nitrogen starvation (0.375–1.500 g L−1 NaNO3) on growth response, oil yield, and fatty

Type of macroalgal beds that recovered from sea urchin barrens is determined by components of “bank of microscopic forms.” In the present study, we investigated the variation of the bank components, especially in the Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyta, on cobbles at four different vegetation and depths (1, 2, 5, and 7 m) of urchin barren grounds (UB1, UB2, UB5, and UB7), and alternative ecological phases

Although the life cycle of Margalefidinium polykrikoides, formerly called Cochlodinium polykrikoides, has been described previously, the descriptions on asexual and sexual phases of this species collected from Korean coastal waters are strange and still unclear. We collected the resting cysts of M. polykrikoides from surface sediments and re-examined the germination process, and asexual and sexual

Nutrition plays a crucial role in health promotion and disease prevention, and dietary-related factors are, in many cases, the leading risks for worldwide mortality and morbidity. Nowadays, consumer awareness of this fact has led to an increasing interest in food products that couple both these dimensions to an imperative third overall factor of interest—sustainability. Microalgae and seaweeds have

Aquatic hypoxia is a frequent event and a complex set of physiological and biochemical alterations are employed to cope with this environmental stress in fish. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of Sargassum horneri on hypoxia stress in black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Four hundred and eighty fingerlings with approximate mean body weight of 12.0 ± 0.1 g were randomly distributed

Cyanobacteria, as photosynthetic bacteria, can generate energy and carbon sources directly from sunlight and atmospheric carbon dioxide. With the aid of genetic engineering, heterologous enzymes and/or pathways have been introduced into cyanobacteria, enabling the production of various biofuels and biochemicals. By utilizing cyanobacteria as production hosts, biofuels and biochemicals can be produced

The mixed culture of microalgae and yeast has been confirmed to enhance many bioprocesses including waste degradation, remediation, and biomass generation for lipid production. Our latest study showed that besides the higher yield of biomass and lipid, the mixed culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Yarrowia lipolytica can achieve the higher yields of carbohydrates, protein, and higher heating value

In the present study the effects of dietary Saccharina japonica on growth performance, flesh quality traits, and serum thyroid hormones (tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) of juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, were investigated. Seven diets containing graded levels of S. japonica (0, 0.1, 0.2, 1.2, 2.5, 5, and 10%) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to

In February 2017, a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom (maximum 55 μg L−1 chl a and microcystin concentration of 40 μg L−1) occurred in a freshwater pond in Padre Island National Seashore (PINS), TX, USA, causing mortality of migratory redhead ducks and local animals. To treat the pond without further damage to the ecosystem, we proposed the use of H2O2. A nomograph of H2O2 required for oxidizing different

Enhancing pollutant removal and biomass production from hydrothermal liquification wastewater (HTLWW) through microalgal-bacterial systems are two crucial steps to guarantee high operation efficiency in the Environment-Enhancing Energy paradigm, which can realize energy production and environmental protection. However, the toxicity of HTLWW limits microalgal-bacterial growth. In this work, zeolite

Seaweed biomass has the potential to become an important raw material for bio-based production. The aim of this study was to screen the overall composition of several seaweed species on the Swedish west coast, including some scarcely studied species, to provide fundamentals for evaluation of biorefining potential and to benchmark with already potentially industrially relevant species and commercially

Eucheumatopsis isiformis Núñez-Resendiz, Dreckmann & Sentíes is a red alga with great economic potential due to its iota-carrageenan content that could serve as a substitute for traditional carrageenan sources (Freile-Pelegrín and Robledo, J Appl Phycol 20:537–541, 2008) such as the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Loureiro et al., New Phytol 206:489–492, 2015), if it can be reliably and sustainably

With the increase of global energy consumption, bioenergy from microalgae has been recognized as a potential alternative choice. A novel carbohydrate-rich microalgal strain, isolated from Xisha Islands (China), was identified as Rhodosorus sp. SCSIO-45730. To accumulate biomass for bioenergy production, strategies of phosphate optimization and chitosan flocculation were used to evaluate its potential

The genus Dictyota (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) comprises parenchymatous algae occurring predominantly in tropical to warm-temperate waters and has gathered attention due to its diverse secondary metabolites with antibiofouling and pharmaceutical potential, its oil content, and its potential as animal feed. This has resulted in an increase in economic potential during the last decade. In this review

Resveratrol is a plant phenolic secondary metabolite derived from phenylpropane metabolic pathway. It is a phytoalexin of high pharmaceutical interest produced in the defense response of plants. To produce resveratrol in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL) and stilbene synthase (STS), two enzymes in the last two steps of resveratrol synthesis in higher plants, were fused together

Disease outbreaks cause severe economic losses in commercially cultivated Saccharina japonica. Epiphytic bacteria are increasingly recognized to play an important role in S. japonica health and may also become opportunistic pathogens when the environment deteriorates. However, there is little knowledge about the epiphytic bacterial communities associated with commercially cultivated S. japonica and

Biosilica obtained from frustules of diatoms have very delicate nanostructures similar to many micro- and nanofluidic devices. In the present investigation, a cheaper and ecofriendly metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) tool has been fabricated exploiting frustules of the diatom Halamphora subturgida. The structural, optical, and chemical characterizations of the cleaned frustules of cultured diatom were

Gracilaria gracilis and Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, were tested in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets. A control (CTRL) diet was compared with experimental diets including either 8% G. gracilis (GRA8), 8% N. oceanica (NAN8), or a blend of 4% of each alga (NAN4GRA4). After 106 days of feeding, growth, nutrient utilization, antioxidant defense, immunological status, and end-product

Four strains of Kappaphycus spp. (viz. K. alvarezii—tambalang brown and green, K. striatus—sacol green) and K. malesianus (aring-aring) were grown in Semporna, Sabah, for three consecutive growth cycles from August 2018 to January 2019, each for a duration of 45 days. The study was established in order to determine the impacts of a commercially produced phyco-stimulant: Ascophyllum marine plant extract

In recent years, the interest in using seaweed for the sustainable production of commodities has been increasing as seaweeds contain many potentially worthwhile compounds. Thus, the extraction and refining processes of interesting compounds from seaweeds is a hot research topic but has been found to have problems with profitability for novel applications. To increase the economic potential of refining

In this study, the biosorption and desorption of Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) ions on biomass of the green alga Cladophora sericea was examined to highlight the potential use of this biomass in the manufacture of feed additives. The selection of Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) ions for the experimental studies was done considering their importance for living organisms. Biosorption of metal ions on algal biomass

Microalgae as one of the key components of food chains in aquatic environments are promising biological models for investigating gamma irradiation effects on eukaryotic organisms. Understanding resistance mechanisms in these organisms as simple models might illuminate how gamma irradiation resistance improves in these algae and even more complex organisms. The present study aimed to investigate the

Odd-carbon fatty acids have been utilized for anaplerotic therapy for lifestyle-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. We examined the culture condition of Aurantiochytrium for the production of pentadecanoic acid (C15) as an odd-carbon fatty acid, and demonstrated a produce method for odd-carbon fatty acid–enriched triglyceride. To determine the optimum conditions for C15 production

The microscopic gametophytic phase of the commercial brown alga, Undaria pinnatifida, can be used for several applications, including the production of bioactive compounds, aquaculture and as germplasm bank. Therefore, gametophytes are good candidates for cellular biotechnology techniques, many of which rely on protoplasts (“naked” living plant cells). This study reports on the optimization of protoplast

Magnetic nano- and microparticles have been successfully used in many areas of algae biotechnology, especially for harvesting of algal biomass, separation of algal biologically active compounds, immobilization of algal cells, removal of important xenobiotics using magnetically modified algae, or for the preparation of magnetic catalysts; alternatively, algae have been employed for the production of

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistake introduced during the publishing process. The names of the authors were interchanged in the author group. The corrected author group is shown above.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been developed as light sources for indoor algae cultivation. In this study, we determined the effects of blue and red light ratios on weight gain, pigment content, antioxidant activity, and phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene expression in Caulerpa lentillifera. Caulerpa lentillifera was grown under six LED light treatments: white (W), red (R, 660 nm, 100%), blue (B, 447 nm

Allophycocyanin (APC) is a pigment-protein with optical activity in the core of phycobilisomes of cyanobacteria and red algae. Its wide application prospects make it necessary to carry out the recombinant expression of allophycocyanin with optical activity. In this study, apcA and apcB genes encoding two subunits of allophycocyanin were cloned from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Then apcA and apcB genes

The efficiency of high pressure homogenization as cell disruption method was investigated on the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis for the recovery of polysaccharides following the concept of green chemistry, mainly solvent and energy saving. The highest yield of polysaccharides (15.1 ± 0.8 g (100 g)−1 dry weight) was obtained at a solid concentration of 14.5% (w/w), inlet pressure of 500 bar and

Pyropia haitanensis has a typical parthenogenetic behavior under unisexual culture condition. In this study, ultrastructural evolution and physiological traits of photosynthesis and the expression characteristics of key enzyme genes related to carbon and nitrogen assimilation pathways at different developmental stages of parthenogenesis were analyzed. Ultrastructural observations showed that the gametophytic

The mixotrophic cultivation of Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) under various urea concentrations was investigated for biomass and pigment production. The results showed that urea was favorable for biomass production with the highest biomass concentration of 8.86 g L−1 at 3.81 mmol L−1 of urea. When urea concentration was lowered to 0.19 mmol L−1, the highest content (0.99 mg g−1)

Blooms of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense occur frequently along the East China coast and Yangtze River estuary and pose a potential threat to coastal ecosystems. However, information on the genetic diversity of P. donghaiense populations in the East China Sea remains limited despite its ecological significance. Here we developed nine microsatellite markers based on transcriptome sequencing

Diatoms have recently emerged as new promising sources of fucoxanthin and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Most applied studies in this area have focused on marine diatoms whereas the characterization of freshwater diatom metabolism has been restricted to ecophysiological studies. Here, we describe a novel culture medium for freshwater diatoms, the FDMed medium, and we demonstrate that it supports high

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is one of the most important photo-protection mechanisms in brown macroalgae. Global warming and ocean acidification are predicted to impact physiological characteristics of marine algae. However, little is known about the effects of co-occurrence of the elevation of pCO2 and temperature on photochemical capacity, especially regarding photoprotective mechanisms in

The rhodophyte seaweed genus Gracilaria is fast replacing Gelidium in global agar trade. Recently, Gracilaria dura from Indian waters has emerged as species of choice due to its quality agarose. The triphasic life cycle provides an opportunity for selecting an elite cultivar. Here we report diversity pertaining to functional traits over 3 months (January, February and March) among two distinct life

The microalga Dunaliella salina was studied at the main stages of transition from laboratory to pilot-scale cultivation: strain selection, nutrient medium selection, estimation of influence of physicochemical factors on accumulation of carotenoids and evaluation of the selected strain growing technology at pilot conditions. Dunaliella salina strain IBSS-2 was recognized as promising for commercial

Today there are increasing trends to search for new feed materials or feed additives possessing health benefits for animals and poultry. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a Chlorella by-product (CBP) on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, antioxidant status and intestinal mucosal morphology of broiler chickens. Seventy-two Ross 308 male broilers with an initial average

The green microalga Chlorella vulgaris is a promising source of proteins of high nutritional value for the food industry. The present study aims to improve the recovery of proteins and umami free amino acids from C. vulgaris by exploring the use of ultrasound following multiple approaches including ultrasound-assisted single solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted sequential solvent extraction and

Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (4.12 ± 0.05 g initial weight), and red seaweed, Gracilaria tenuistipitata, were co-cultured in 250-L tanks for 8 weeks. Six feeding treatments were conducted, with the control group (monoculture) being fed a commercial pellet (30% protein, 6% lipid) at 100% feed ration (4% of biomass per day), while fish in the five other groups were co-cultured with red seaweed

The economic viability of cultivating the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, also known by the commercial name “cottonii,” on the southeastern coast of Brazil was evaluated in large-scale production systems with 13 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rafts containing 11.44 km of tubular and family-size nets with 4 rafts and 3.52 km of nets. Deployment and operating costs and profitability ratios were estimated for

During the experimental cultivation of the red alga Halymenia floresii under Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture (IMTA), the establishment of opportunist green algae and the colonization of sessile invertebrates, which were usually disturbing the cultivation, were not observed. The culture tanks were clean and the surface of the H. floresii was remarkably free from any fouling organisms. This phenomenon

Brown macroalgae (Phaeophyta) hold high potential as feedstock for biorefineries due to high biomass productivity and carbohydrate content. They are, however, a challenging, unconventional feedstock for microbial refining and several processing problems need to be solved to make them a viable option. Pre-treatment is necessary to enhance accessibility and solubility of the biomass components but should

For both bioprospecting of oleaginous microalgae and routine analysis of lipid levels in these microorganisms, reliable techniques are needed. Methods usually used for these purposes include fluorescent staining of lipids and gravimetric determination. In this research, we evaluate the application of a specific Oil Red O staining technique to detect accumulated lipids in the microalgae Chlorella sp

Shifts in species distributions are among the observed consequences of climate change, forcing species to follow suitable environmental conditions. Using species distribution models (SDMs), we aimed at predicting trends in habitat shifts of two seaweed species of commercial interest in the Subantarctic Patagonian region in response to ongoing environmental changes across temperate South America and

Plant-derived allelochemicals have the potential to be used as eco-friendly measures for control of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms. However, the susceptibility of M. aeruginosa to plant allelochemicals under a range of environmental factors, such as alkalinity, is not clear. This study investigated the effects of different alkalinity treatments on 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (pyrogallol) toxicity to a toxic

Coralline algae in temperate waters commonly form an understory beneath canopy-forming seaweeds. They are sometimes dominant on barren grounds where seaweed forests have declined. The early life history stage such as a sporeling is a crucial phase for the initial establishment and persistence of the seaweed population. Therefore, the optimum and vital growth conditions for sporelings of these coralline

Picocystis salinarum is a globally widespread picoplanktonic green alga of saline lakes. This tiny alga has been recorded in four continents, and in some cases, it has become the dominant phytoplankton species. We examined the ecophysiology of a Kenyan strain of P. salinarum, collected from Lake Nakuru. The photosynthetic activity of the species was measured in seventy-two combinations of light intensity