Impact of spraying 50 µM salicylic acid (SA), lead nitrate soil treatments [1 and 2 mM Pb (NO3)2] and their combinations on parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) for 3 weeks was studied to evaluate leaf symptoms, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, ultrastructure, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble proteins, phenolic compounds, and guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPOX). Under Pb effect, parsley leaves

The study aimed at introgression of productivity enhancing traits and resistance to pod borer and Phytophthora stem blight from wild to cultivated pigeonpea through an inter-specific cross between Cajanus scarabaeoides (ICP 15683) and C. cajan (ICPL 20329). Progenies derived from the direct segregating (without backcross) population and backcross population were evaluated for yield and yield contributing

We present here a tribute to Satish Chandra Maheshwari (known to many as SCM, or simply Satish), one of the greatest plant biologists of our time. He was born on October 4, 1933, in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, and passed away in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on June 12, 2019. He is survived by two of his younger sisters (Sushila Narsimhan and Saubhagya Agrawal), a large number of friends and students from

In this study, changes in growth, yield and photosynthetic characteristics were assessed by foliar application of triacontanol (TRIA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties Anaj-2017, Ujala-2016 and AARI-2011 under arsenic (As) stress. Seeds of all three wheat varieties were sown in sand filled plastic pots. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates

Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. belongs to the family Asteraceae and has anthelmintic, anti-diabetic, diuretic and anti-asthmatic properties. Present study describes the production of rhamnetin: an O-methylated flavonol with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; in cell suspension cultures of V. anthelmintica. Suspension cultures were established from cream coloured friable calli initiated

Poor milling and grain appearance is a common feature of locally produced rice (Oryza sativa L.) in West Africa. Development of genotypes with high yield and uniform milled grain size will enhance the market for the locally produced rice. One hundred rice accessions were evaluated to assess genetic variability, heritability and correlations for 11 milling and appearance quality traits and grain yield

The spike traits of wheat can directly affect yield. F2 and F2:3 lines derived from the cross of the multi-spikelet female 10-A and the uni-spikelet male BE89 were used to detect QTLs for spike length (SL), total spikelet number per spike (TSS), kernel number per spike (KNS) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) in four different environments. A total of 1098 SNP and 5 SSR were used to construct genetic

Fungicides are widely used for controlling fungi in crop plants. However, their roles in conferring abiotic stress tolerance are still elusive. In this study, the effect of tebuconazole (TEB) and trifloxystrobin (TRI) on wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61) was investigated under salt stress. Seedlings were pre-treated for 48 h with fungicide (1.375 µM TEB + 0.5 µM TRI) and then subjected

The present study investigates the genetic diversity and population structure among 42 diverse pomegranate genotypes using a set of twenty one class I hypervariable SSR markers (> 24 bp), which were reported earlier from the analysis of cv. Dabenzi genome. The study material comprised 16 indigenous and 13 exotic cultivars, and 13 wild accessions. A total of 66 alleles (Na) were detected with an average

Role of rhizobacteria and zinc (Zn) was investigated in the management of charcoal rot disease in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. In vitro, screening tests with eight rhizobacteria [Bacillus subtilis (FCBP-0324), B. subtilis (FCBP-0189), Rhizobacter daucus (FCBP-0450), Azospirillum brasilense (FCBP-0025), Azospirillum lipoferum (FCBP-0022), Pseudomonas

Genetic assessment of rice landraces is important for germplasm evaluation and genetic resource utilization. Rice landraces in peninsular Thailand have adapted to unique environmental stresses over time and have great significance as a genetic resource for crop improvement. In this study, rice landraces derived from rice research centers and farmers from different areas of peninsular Thailand were

Flag leaf and shoot growth at heading stage as well as ultimate yield capacity of ten wheat cultivars were assessed in a pot experiment under normal and drought conditions. Drought was imposed by withholding 25% of field capacity from the 45- day old plants for 21 days followed by normal irrigation until maturity. Leaf succulence degree and stomatal opening area as well as shoot biomass, density and

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are a large plant-specific family of TFs that govern development and biotic/abiotic stress responses in plants. We have identified SlWRKY23 as a gene primarily expressed in roots. SlWRKY23 encodes a protein of 320 amino acids that functions as a transcriptional activator. It is transcriptionally up-regulated by ethylene, BAP and salicylic acid treatment but suppressed

With legumes, symbiotic N2 fixation can meet the species N demand and reduce the over-reliance on chemical fertilizers in tropical regions where N deficiency is a major factor limiting crop yields and increased agricultural sustainability. Therefore, to optimize the use of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) germplasm in effective breeding, evaluation of genetic diversity and quantification of N2 fixation

Development of abiotic stress tolerant rice cultivars is necessary for sustainable rice production under the scenario of global climate change, dwindling fresh water resources and increase in salt affected areas. Several genes from rice have been functionally validated by using EMS mutants and transgenics. Often, many of these desirable alleles are not available indica rice which is mainly cultivated

To identify microsatellite markers associated with root traits for drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) a study was conducted at Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Trivandrum, Kerala Agricultural University. A set of thirty-five rice genotypes were exposed to water stress and evaluated for physio-morphological components as indices of water stress tolerance. Observations

Nitrogen-containing compounds especially alkaloids are important medicinal ingredients in caulis dendrobii plants. Using solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis methods, metabolic profiling of the nitrogen-containing compounds was established to distinguish Dendrobium huoshanense and Dendrobium officinale. Hundreds of nitrogen-containing

The genetic diversity of 33 Paris polyphylla samples collected from the Dabie Mountains was analyzed using SCoT and SRAP molecular markers, revealing the genetic relationships among Paris polyphylla resources in the Dabie Mountains at the molecular level and providing a theoretical basis for genetic improvement and conservation. As a result, a total of 134 bands were amplified with 9 SCoT primers,

Algal supplements can improve crop productivity and afford protection against abiotic stress by virtue of their rich content of plant nutrients and bioactive compounds. The present work investigates the relative efficiency of the biomass and extract of the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma in protection of rice against salinity and water stress. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Sakha 101 was grown on a silty

Heat stress is a major constraint of yield in grain legumes including peas. Increasing global warming and human population now urge to develop climate resilient varieties. The present experiment was conducted over 2 years to evaluate the heat tolerance of 211 pea genotypes. In the present study, the field pea genotypes showed a wide variation for reproductive stage heat stress (RSHS) quantitative traits

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis O. Kuntze) can hyperaccumulate fluoride (F) in leaves. Although, aluminum (Al) can alleviate F toxicity in C. sinensis, the mechanisms driving this process remain unclear. Here, we measured root length, root activity, soluble proteins content, and levels of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and chlorophyll in tea leaves after treatment

Drought stress is one of the most prevalent environmental factors limiting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop productivity. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a non-protein amino acid that may be involved in the regulation of plant adaptation to drought stress. The effect of exogenous BABA application on physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of faba bean plants grown under 18% PEG-induced drought

The role of ethylene (through application of ethephon) in the regulation of nickel (Ni) stress tolerance was investigated in this study. Ethephon at concentration of 200 µl l−1 was applied to mustard (Brassica juncea) plants grown without and with 200 mg kg−1 soil Ni to study the increased growth traits, biochemical attributes, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrients content, activities of antioxidants

Reactivation of dormant meristem in banjhi (dormant) shoots is important to enhance the quality and quantity of tea production. The field grown tea bushes were subjected to treatment with dormancy breaking agents such as potassium nitrate (KNO3), thiourea, sodium nitro prusside (SNP), the phytohormones kinetin (Kn) and gibberellins (GA). The efficacy of Kn and GA were comparatively lesser than KNO3

The experiments were conducted for the estimation of the mitigating effect of the static magnetic field (SMF of 200 mT for 1 h) treatment on soybean under ambient UV-B stress. The SMF treated (MT) and untreated (UT) seeds were grown inside iron cages covered with polyester filters for the purpose to filter UV-A + B (< 400 nm) and UV-B (< 300 nm) radiations, polythene filter control (FC) transparent

Saline-alkaline stress is one of the most serious global problems affecting agriculture, causing enormous economic and yield losses in agricultural production. Wheat, one of the most important crops worldwide, is often subjected to saline-alkaline stress. In this study, two wheat cultivars with different saline-alkaline tolerance, XC-12 (non-tolerance) and XC-45 (tolerance), were used to investigate

The recent global climate change has directly impacted major biotic and abiotic stress factors affecting crop productivity worldwide. Therefore, the need of the hour is to develop sustainable multiple stress tolerant crops through modern biotechnological approaches to cope with climate change. Hybrid proline rich proteins (HyPRPs) are the cell-wall structural proteins, which contain an N-terminal repetitive

Triacontanol (TRIA) being an endogenous plant growth regulator facilitates numerous plant metabolic activities leading to better growth and development. Moreover, TRIA plays essential roles in alleviating the stress-accrued alterations in crop plants via modulating the activation of the stress tolerance mechanisms. The present article critically focuses on the role of exogenously applied TRIA in morpho-physiology

The purpose of this research was to establish the nature and extent of the influence of microwaves and extrusion on the content of anti-nutritional substances of winter rye grain. There was performed two-factor laboratory experiment with the treatment of winter rye grain by electromagnetic waves of super-high frequency (microwave) on a LG MS-2042G installation and one-factor laboratory experiment with

In this study, the effect of green synthesized sulfur nanoparticle (SNP) at different concentration (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/ml) on some physiological, phytochemical and biochemical traits of lettuce plants was investigated. For the first time, SNP were green synthesized using Cinnamomum zeylanicum barks extract. Our results indicated that the treatment of lettuce plants with 1 mg/ml of SNP improved

The role of melatonin treatments on improving plant tolerance against drought stress is clear, while its special role and influences are poorly investigated. Thus, the effect of external treatment with different concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) of melatonin on two varieties of flax plant (Letwania-9 and Sakha-2) growth, some biochemical aspects and yield under normal [100% water irrigation requirements

In order to dissect the adaptation response of maize to heat-stress, we characterized and juxtaposed different physio-biochemical parameters for two contrasting genotypes, namely DTPYC9F119 (heat-stress tolerant) and K64R (heat-stress susceptible) under 6 days heat treatment (38/28 °C). Chlorophyll a and b content was found to be reduced under high temperature in both the genotypes, but, it was reduced

Bergenia ciliata is an important medicinal plant species of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Genetic variability and population genetic structure of B. ciliata sampled from IHR was studied using two single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) methods (DAMD: Directed Amplification of Minisatellite region DNA; ISSR: Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). To provide a reasonable scientific basis for management

Seventy melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions comprising of landraces, inbred lines, cultivars, wild relatives and exotic populations were characterized using fifteen fruit traits and 30 SSR markers. Overall, aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relatedness across origins, horticultural groups and accession categories. Significant differences were observed for days to first fruit maturity

Genome wide quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was conducted in Arabidopsis thaliana using F2 mapping population (Col-0 × Don-0) and SNPs markers. A total of five linkage groups were obtained with number of SNPs varying from 45 to 59 per linkage group. The composite interval mapping detected a total of 36 QTLs for 15 traits and the number of QTLs ranged from one (root length, root dry biomass, cauline

This study examined the effect of chitosan elicitor with four different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/l) on physiological and biochemical properties of stevia under four levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 mM level of NaCl). Salt stress caused reduction of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll, carotenoid and total protein content. The increment of malondialdehyde

Magnetism is one of the physical methods affecting water properties. It is considered as an environmental factor that plays a role in the physiological and biochemical reactions. A hydroponic experiment was conducted using four types of treated water (distilled water, magnetically treated distilled water, magnetically treated tap water, and tap water). Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum var. Turkish)

Incidence of cold during early stages is an obstacle for the growing progress of rice plants. Cold stress has strong negative effects on photosynthetic activity. Previously, our group evaluated plant survival of 90 indica rice genotypes after cold treatment. Two sister lines were characterized as cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive. Transcriptomic analyses of the same genotypes had indicated differential

Potato is one of the most important food crops all over the world. Breeding activities for this crop are mainly aimed to improve the quality and yield of tuber. However, genetic architecture of various traits contributing to the quality and yield of potato are not yet completely understood. Genome wide association studies provides a broader way to identify the genomic regions associated with various

Continuous rise in the human population has resulted in an upsurge in food demand, which in turn demand grain yield enhancement of cereal crops, including rice. Rice yield is estimated via the number of tillers, grain number per panicles, and the number of spikes present per panicle. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) serve as one of the best ways to introduce QTLs/gene associated with yield in the rice

The effect of potassium nitrate on the status of fermentative and sucrose metabolizing pathways was studied in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes, viz., LM 5 (relatively susceptible to flooding) and I 167 (relatively tolerant to flooding) under water logging stress. The higher increase in pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in the hypoxic roots of I 167

Hippophae rhamnoides L. provides an enormous range of medicinal and nutritional benefits. The significant abilities of this plant to survive in Himalayan high altitudes enticed our study to investigate its rhizosphere. Seventeen rhizobacterial strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil and plant root nodules, belonging to genus Frankia, Azorhizobium, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus and

Market is increasingly demanding vegetables with high quality and nutraceutical characteristics. It was demonstrated that leafy vegetables can get benefit from biostimulants, for the reduction of nitrate concentration and the increment of antioxidants, with potential benefit for human health. The research purpose was to investigate on the role of a novel plant-based biostimulant in affecting nitrogen

This study was performed to investigate the constituents, in vitro antifungal activity and phytotoxicity potential of the essential oil from Juniperus polycarpos var. turcomanica leaves. The essential oil was analyzed by GC–FID, and GC/MS, which predominantly contains α-pinene (51.21%), germacrene–B (4.80%), and ∆-cadinene (2.56%). The antifungal activity of the essential oil against some phytopathogenic

SAP54, an effector protein secreted by phytoplasmas has been reported to induce phyllody. S54LP of SP (SAP54 Like Protein of Sesame Phyllody), a SAP54 ortholog from phyllody and witches' broom affected sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) was amplified, cloned and sequenced. Comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis of diverse phytoplasma strains was carried out to delineate the evolution of S54LP of SP

In an attempt to find an alternative and potent source of diosgenin, a steroidal saponin in great demand for its pharmaceutical importance, Helicteres isora suspension cultures were explored for diosgenin extraction. The effect of biotic elicitors on the biosynthesis of diosgenin, in suspension cultures of H. isora was studied. Bacterial as well as fungal elicitors such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus

Salt affected soil inhibits plant growth, development and productivity, especially in case of rice crop. Ion homeostasis is a candidate defense mechanism in the salt tolerant plants or halophyte species, where the salt toxic ions are stored in the vacuoles. The aim of this investigation was to determine the OsNHX1 (a vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger) and OsHKT2;1 (Na+/K+ transporter) regulation by salt stress

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of brassinosteroid (24-epibrassinolide, EBL) seed priming and optimal nitrogen (N) supply in improving salt tolerance in soybean. The experimental treatments were (a) control (nutrient solution without N and without EBL priming), (b) nutrient solution without N and EBL seed priming, (c) N supplemented nutrient solution without EBL priming and (d) EBL

To understand high temperature tolerance, Heliotropium thermophilum, a flowering plant thriving in a geothermal field with a soil temperature ranging between 55 and 65 °C, was grown in controlled laboratory conditions and two different soil temperatures were applied to the plants. One of them was the control group (CT 25 ± 3 °C) and the other was the high temperature group (HT 60 ± 4 °C). Water potential

In this study, we analyzed the behavior of several neglected, ancestral, and domesticated wheat genotypes, including Ae. triuncialis, Ae. neglecta, Ae. caudata, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. tauschii, Ae. speltoides, T. boeoticum, T. urartu, T. durum, and T. aestivum under control and salinity stress to assess the mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance. Physiological and biochemical traits including root/shoot

NaCl and PEG stresses have negative impacts on seed germination and early seedling establishment in Oryza sativa. The present study was designed to ascertain the influence of different priming techniques (Hydro priming-HyP, Halo priming-HP, UV-B priming-UP) in enhancing oxidative and anti-oxidative mechanisms during seed germination phase in response to NaCl and PEG stresses tolerance of three rice

Leaf senescence is an important developmental process for the plant life cycle. It is controlled by endogenous and environmental factors and can be positively or negatively affected by plant growth regulators. It is characterised by major and significant changes in the patterns of gene expression. Auxin, especially indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is a plant growth hormone that affects plant growth and

Basic leucine zipper motif (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in plant growth regulation, development, and environmental stress responses. These genes have been well characterized in model plants. In current study, a genome-wide analysis of bZIP genes was performed in Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum taking Arabidopsis thaliana as a reference genome. In total, 85 members of G

Ultraviolet radiation induces biochemical and genetic changes in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on genetic stability, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Pelargonium graveolens L'Her. Plant cuttings were exposed to 0, 0.12. 0.26 and 0.38 W/m2 of UV-B radiation. Results indicated that by increasing the UV-B radiation intensity, total phenols

The adaptive mechanisms in Agave species enable them to survive and exhibit remarkable tolerance to abiotic stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR is a highly reliable approach for validation of targeted differential gene expression. However, stable housekeeping gene(s) is prerequisite for accurate normalization of expression data by qRT-PCR. Till date, no systematic validation study for candidate housekeeping

The present experiment was set-up to appraise protective role of ALA in sunflower cultivars (FH-1581 and FH-1572) under water scarcity stress. The ameliorative role of ALA in sunflower under water stress is not fully understood. Results showed significant decline in growth parameters, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll but marked increase in MDA, H2O2, total soluble proteins, flavonoids, proline, phenolics

To study the possibility of increasing the drought tolerance of common bean with the exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), an experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017. In this experiment, two irrigation levels (optimal irrigation and drought stress) were applied to the main plots and two common bean genotypes (Kusha cultivar and COS16 genotype) and four EBL concentrations (0, 2, 4, and

Dioscorealide B is an important secondary metabolite isolated from Dioscorea membranacea Pierre ex Prain & Burkill. The effect on secondary metabolite content of different concentrations of two elicitors [jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA)], and of medium status and JA exposure period were investigated. In the JA and SA concentration experiment, 6-week-old shoots were cultured on MS medium

Earlier we reported that seed pre-treatment with PHF promoted early seedling growth and salinity tolerance in wheat. As a way forward, experiments were conducted to investigate whether and to what extent foliar spray of fullerol could influence growth and physio-biochemical responses in salt stressed wheat. In a control experiment, seeds were sown in sand filled pots (500 g) under control and 150 mM

Photosynthesis is closely related to the growth of plants. A stable reference gene is fundamental for studies of the molecular mechanism of photosynthesis in Lilium regale. Therefore, it is very important to select a suitable reference gene for qRT-PCR analysis on genes of photosynthetic system, chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway and chloroplast development in Lilium regale. Three kinds of tissues, leaves