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TaCRT3 is a positive regulator of resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Jun Ren,Panpan Song,Ruobing Li,Qiao Wang,Bingjie Zhao,Baotong Wang,Qiang Li
Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritic (Bgt), is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat worldwide and can lead to severe yield reductions. Identifying genes involved in powdery mildew resistance will be useful for disease resistance breeding and control. Calreticulin (CRT) is a member of a multigene family widely found in higher plants and is associated with a variety
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Combined use of phenotype-based and genome-informed approaches identified a unique Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense isolate in Hawaii. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Aaron Shipman,Miaoying Tian
Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a serious disease that threatens banana production worldwide. It is a long-standing problem in Hawaii, but there was little knowledge of the causal pathogen. We isolated a strain of Foc, named Foc-UH, from a field experiencing the disease epidemic in Hawaii. Infection assays of a diverse panel of 26 banana clones, including
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Bacterial Leaf Streak: A Persistent and Increasingly Important Disease Problem for Cereal Crops. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Zhaohui Liu,Andrew Friskop,Jonathan M Jacobs,Ruth Dill-Macky
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Exploring the phylogenetic diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe species causing dieback and shoot blight of blueberry in Serbia. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Jovana Blagojević,Goran Aleksić,Ivan Vučurović,Mira S Starović,Danijela Ristić
Identifying the precise pathogens responsible for specific plant diseases is imperative for implementing targeted and efficient interventions and mitigating their spread. Dieback and shoot blight significantly diminish the lifespan and productivity of blueberries, yet the causative agents remain largely unidentified. To determine the identity and prevalence of the causal agents of branch dieback and
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Bacterial Leaf Streak Diseases of Plants: Symptom Convergence in Monocot Plants by Distant Pathogenic Xanthomonas Species. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Nathaniel Heiden,Kirk A Broders,Mathilde Hutin,Mary Ortiz Castro,Verónica Roman-Reyna,Hannah Toth,Jonathan M Jacobs
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) is a disease of monocot plants caused by Xanthomonas translucens on small grains, X. vasicola on maize and sorghum, and X. oryzae on rice. These three pathogens cause remarkably similar symptomology in their host plants. Despite causing similar symptoms, BLS pathogens are dispersed throughout the larger Xanthomonas phylogeny. Each aforementioned species includes strain groups
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Comparative Genomics of Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa Strains Isolated from Weedy Grasses and Cultivated Wild Rice. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Kristi E Ledman,Veronica Roman-Reyna,Rebecca D Curland,Nathaniel Heiden,Jonathan M Jacobs,Ruth Dill-Macky
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, is a disease of major concern in the Northern Great Plains. The host range for X. translucens pv. undulosa is relatively broad, including several small grains and perennial grasses. In Minnesota, X. translucens pv. undulosa was isolated from weedy grasses in and around wheat fields that exhibited
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Historical Review on Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus That Has Recently Emerged in Africa. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Jean-Heinrich Daugrois,Philippe Roumagnac,Charlotte Julian,Denis Filloux,Lilik Putra,Dimitre Mollov,Philippe Charles Emile Rott
Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), now assigned to the genus Poacevirus of the family Potyviridae, was reported for the first time in 1932 in Louisiana and was believed to be strain F of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) for more than six decades. SCMV-F was renamed SCSMV in 1998 after partial sequencing of its genome and phylogenetic investigations. Following the development of specific molecular
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Development of a large-scale soil DNA extraction method for molecular quantification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in soil. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Michael E H Matson,Saben M Kane,Uma T Crouch,Sascha K Zepada,Frank N Martin
The most common soil borne diseases affecting the strawberry industry in California include verticillium wilt due to Verticillium dahliae, charcoal root rot due to Macrophomina phaseolina, and fusarium wilt due to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. fragariae Detection of these pathogens in soil is an important facet of disease management and fumigation recommendations. While the soil populations of both M. phaseolina
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Screening, Identification, and Growth Promotion of Antagonistic Endophytes Associated with Chenopodium quinoa Against Quinoa Pathogens. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Tianyan Xie,Shuo Shen,Rong Hu,Wei Li,Jian Wang
Fungal disease is one of the important reasons for crop yield reduction. Isolation of important endophytes with biocontrol and growth-promoting effects is of great significance for the exploitation of beneficial microbial resources and the biological control of crop fungal diseases. In this study, endophytes from roots, stems, and leaves of quinoa at different growth and development stages were isolated
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Virulence Associations and Global Context of AvrStb6 Genetic Diversity in Iranian Populations of Zymoseptoria tritici. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Sepideh Hatami Rad,Leila Ebrahimi,Daniel Croll
Managing pathogen damage in wheat production is important for sustaining yields. Fungal plant pathogen genomes encode many small secreted proteins acting as effectors that play key roles in the successful colonization of host tissue and triggering host defenses. AvrStb6 is the first described Zymoseptoria tritici avirulence effector, which triggers Stb6-mediated immunity in the wheat host in a gene-for-gene
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New genotypes of Phytophthora nicotianae found on strawberry in Florida. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Marcus Vinicius Marin,Maria Ratti,Natalia Peres,Erica M Goss
Phytophthora cactorum is the most common causal agent of Phytophthora crown rot and leather rot of strawberry, but P. nicotianae is also responsible for the disease in Florida. Studies of P. nicotianae populations suggested different groups of genotypes are associated with different hosts; however, it is not yet clear how many lineages exist globally and how they are related to different production
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Functional roles of two β-tubulin isotypes in regulation of sensitivity of Colletotrichum fructicola to carbendazim. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Yuanye Zhu,Mengting Ma,He Li
Colletotrichum fructicola was the major pathogen of anthracnose in tea-oil trees in China. Control of anthracnose in tea-oil trees was mainly depended on application of chemical fungicides such as carbendazim. However, the current sensitivity of C. fructicola isolates in tea-oil trees to carbendazim has not been reported. Here, we tested the sensitivity of 121 C. fructicola isolates collected from
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Genomic and transcriptomic comparisons of the twig blight pathogen, Passalora sequoiae with Mycosphaereallaceae foliar and conifer pathogens. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 John Dobbs,Jorge Caballero,Jessa Ata,Ebrahiem Babiker,Warren Copes,Jane Stewart
Passalora sequoiae is a foliar pathogen to conifer tree species. In this study, we conducted whole genome and transcriptome analyses on isolates of P. sequoiae collected from symptomatic Leyland Cypress leaves from a Christmas tree farm in Mississippi. The objectives for this research were to elucidate the pathogenicity mechanisms of P. sequoiae by characterizing the genome and transcriptome and possibly
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Evaluation of a Series of Turnip Mosaic Virus Chimeric Clones Reveals Two Amino Acid Sites Critical for Systemic Infection in Chinese Cabbage. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Zhengxing Song,Eun-Young Seo,Wen-Xing Hu,Jung-Kyu Kim,Jun-Seong Kang,Seung-Eun Lee,John Hammond,Hyoun-Sub Lim
Two infectious clones of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), pKBC-1 and pKBC-8, with differential infectivity in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), were obtained. Both infected Nicotiana benthamiana systemically, inducing similar symptoms, whereas only virus KBC-8 infected Chinese cabbage systemically. To identify the determinants affecting infectivity on Chinese cabbage, chimeric clones were
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The Role of Fatty Acids from Plant Surfaces in the Infectivity of Colletotrichum fioriniae. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Timothy J Waller,Max M Häggblom,Peter V Oudemans
Aqueous extracts derived from flowers stimulate germination, secondary conidiation, and appressorial formation of various latent fruit rotting fungi. Even raindrops passing over flowers accumulate sufficient activity to influence the infectivity of fruit rotting fungi. Using a spore germination bioassay, high levels of bioactivity were found in chloroform extracts from plant tissues, implicating the
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Epidemiology and Management of Plant Viruses Under a Changing Climate. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-04 Michael J Jeger,Alberto Fereres,Carolyn E Malmstrom,Kerry E Mauck,William M Wintermantel
Plant viruses are an ever-present threat to agricultural production and provide a wide array of symptoms resulting in economic losses throughout the world. Diseases can be transmitted by insect vectors, as well as through pollen, seed, and other means. With the increased globalization of agriculture, the introduction of new viruses from exotic locations and their establishment in new production regions
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CRISPR/Cas, Multiomics, and RNA Interference in Virus Disease Management. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Kotapati Kasi Viswanath,Aflaq Hamid,Elijah Ateka,Hanu R Pappu
Plant viruses infect a wide range of commercially important crop plants and cause significant crop production losses worldwide. Numerous alterations in plant physiology related to the reprogramming of gene expression may result from viral infections. Although conventional integrated pest management-based strategies have been effective in reducing the impact of several viral diseases, continued emergence
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Evidence that an Unnamed Isometric Virus Associated with Potato Rugose Disease in Peru Is a New Species of Genus Torradovirus. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-28 Robert Alvarez-Quinto,Melody Amao,Giovanna Muller,Segundo Fuentes,Samuel Grinstead,Irazema Fuentes-Bueno,Annelien Roenhorst,Marcel Westenberg,Marleen Botermans,Jan Kreuze,Dimitre Mollov
A previously uncharacterized torradovirus species infecting potatoes was detected by high-throughput sequencing from field samples from Peru and in customs intercepts in potato tubers that originated from South America in the United States of America and the Netherlands. This new potato torradovirus showed high nucleotide sequence identity to an unidentified isometric virus (SB26/29), which was associated
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Characterization and Effect of a Nematophagous Fungus Talaromyces cystophila sp. nov. for the Biological Control of Corn Cyst Nematode. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Yi Xue Mo,Yuan Zi Kan,Ming Jia Lu,Xiao Tian Cao,Aatika Sikandar,Hai Yan Wu
The dynamic of plant-parasitic nematode populations in soil is closely related to soil microorganisms. Fungi from Heterodera zeae cysts were isolated to explore the decline phenomenon of the H. zeae population in the soil. Phylogenetic study of partial ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2 gene sequences, in addition to morphological investigations, were utilized to identify a nematode-destroying fungus. The nematicidal
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Photosynthetic costs and impact on epidemiological parameters associated with Ht resistance genes in maize lines infected with Exserohilum turcicum. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Barbara Ludwig Navarro,Sebastian Streit,Antonio Fernandes Nogueira Junior,Andreas von Tiedemann
Northern corn leaf blight is caused by Exserohilum turcicum, mainly controlled by the use of resistant cultivars. Maize lines carrying individual resistance genes B37Ht1, B37Ht2, B37Ht3 and B37Htn1 express different defense symptoms having impact on the photosynthetic activity, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and on epidemiological parameters. Plants were inoculated with a race 0 isolate
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The Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Hog1 Regulates Fungal Development, Pathogenicity and Stress Response in Botryosphaeria dothidea. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Yihan Zhang,Meiqi Zhu,Hongna Wang,Guolei Yu,Anqi Guo,Weichao Ren,Baohua Li,Na Liu
The high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG-MAPK) pathway plays a central role in environmental stress adaptation in eukaryotes. However, the biological function of HOG-MAPK pathway varies in different fungi. In this study, we investigated the HOG-MAPK pathway by inactivation of the core element Hog1 in Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of Botryosphaeria canker and apple
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An Aphid-Transmitted Virus Reduces the Host Plant Response to Its Vector to Promote Its Transmission. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Célia Krieger,David Halter,Raymonde Baltenweck,Valérie Cognat,Sylvaine Boissinot,Alessandra Maia-Grondard,Monique Erdinger,Florent Bogaert,Elodie Pichon,Philippe Hugueney,Véronique Brault,Véronique Ziegler-Graff
The success of virus transmission by vectors relies on intricate trophic interactions between three partners, the host plant, the virus, and the vector. Despite numerous studies that showed the capacity of plant viruses to manipulate their host plant to their benefit, and potentially of their transmission, the molecular mechanisms sustaining this phenomenon has not yet been extensively analyzed at
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A 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' Haplotype B-Specific Family of Candidate Bacterial Effectors. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Julien G Levy,Junepyo Oh,Azucena Mendoza Herrera,Adwaita Parida,Loi Lao,Jesse Starkey,Peiguo Yuan,Chia-Cheng Kan,Cecilia Tamborindeguy
'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) is a phloem-limited pathogen associated with devastating diseases in members of the Solanaceae and Apiaceae and vectored by several psyllid species. Different Lso haplotypes have been identified, and LsoA and LsoB are responsible for diseases in Solanaceae crops. Our efforts are aimed at identifying pathogenicity factors used by this bacterium to thrive
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Biocontrol agents of Fusarium Head Blight in wheat: A meta-analytic approach to elucidate their strengths and weaknesses. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Samuele Risoli,Lorenzo Cotrozzi,Claudia Pisuttu,Cristina Nali
The use of biocontrol agents (BCAs) coping with fungal pathogens causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a compelling strategy for the disease management, but a better elucidation of their effectiveness is crucial. Meta-analysis is the analysis of the results of multiple studies, which is typically performed in order to synthesize evidence from many possible sources in a formal probabilistic manner.
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Variations Among Crop Seasons and Inoculum Availability Have a Higher Impact on Grapevine Rust Epidemics Than Training Systems or Plastic Cover. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Pamela Suellen Salvador Dutra,Meyriele Pires de Camargo,Juan A Navas-Cortés,Lilian Amorim
Canopy management practices can be effective as part of the integrated management of grapevine diseases. This study aimed to determine whether training systems and plastic covers can contribute to prevent Asian Grapevine Leaf Rust (AGLR) development. Additionally, the influence of crop season and inoculum availability on AGLR development was investigated. Six-season experiments were carried out to
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Molecular Characterization of Defense of Brassica napus (Oilseed Rape) to Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 Confirmed by Functional Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Isabelle Sims,Dasuni Jayaweera,Kamal Swarup,Rumiana V Ray
Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic, soilborne fungal pathogen associated with significant establishment losses in Brassica napus (oilseed rape; OSR). The anastomosis group (AG) 2-1 of R. solani is the most virulent to OSR, causing damping-off, root and hypocotyl rot, and seedling death. Resistance to R. solani AG2-1 in OSR has not been identified, and the regulation of OSR defense to its adapted
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Virulence Profiles and Genome-Wide Association Study for Ascochyta lentis Isolates Collected from Australian Lentil-Growing Regions. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Bernadette M Henares,Sara N Blake,Lina Farfan-Caceres,Hediyeh Tahghighi,Johannes W Debler,Michelle H Russ,Elizabeth A Farquharson,Jade A Rose,Mohsen Khani,Jennifer A Davidson,Lars G Kamphuis,Robert C Lee
Ascochyta lentis, the causal organism of Ascochyta blight (AB) of lentil (Lens culinaris), has been shown to produce an avirulence effector protein that mediates AB resistance in certain lentil cultivars. The two known forms of the effector protein were identified from a biparental mapping population between isolates that have reciprocal virulence on 'PBA Hurricane XT' and 'Nipper'. The effector AlAvr1-1
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Concurrent Control of Two Aphid-Borne Potyviruses in Cucurbits by Two-in-One Vaccine. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Thi-Ngoc-Bich Tran,Hao-Wen Cheng,Xing-Yun Xie,Joseph A J Raja,Shyi-Dong Yeh
The application of attenuated viruses has been widely practiced for protecting crops from infection by related severe strains of the same species. Papaya ringspot virus W-type (PRSV W) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) devastate cucurbits worldwide. However, the prevailing of these two viruses in cucurbits cannot be prevented by a single protective virus. In this study, we disclosed that co-infection
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A sorghum F-box protein induces an oxidative burst in the defense against Colletotrichum sublineola. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-17 Emily Sue Ann Wolf,Saddie Vela,Hugo Eduardo Cuevas,Wilfred Vermerris
The hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineola is the causal agent of anthracnose in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), resulting in leaf blight, stalk rot, and head blight in susceptible genotypes, with yield losses of up to 50%. The development of anthracnose-resistant cultivars can reduce reliance on fungicides and provide a more sustainable and economical means for disease management
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Comparative spatial modeling of Bretziella fagacearum distribution and contributing factors in northern Wisconsin, U.S. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-17 Caleb Stevens,Jun Zhu,Matt Bushman,Jingyi Huang
Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) Z.W. deBeer, Marinc., T.A. Duong, & M.J. Wingf., the ascomycete fungus causing the "oak wilt" disease, is considered a virulent threat to North American oak forests, but the influence of the physical environment on this pathosystem remains unclear, particularly at the forest scale. This study explored the influence of terrain and soil factors on B. fagacearum infections
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Cocoa apoplastome contains defense proteins against pathogens. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Ivina Barbosa de Oliveira,Igor Moutinho Moura,Juliano Oliveira Santana,Karina Peres Gramacho,Saline Dos Santos Alves,Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira,Ariana Silva Santos,Diogo Pereira Silva de Novais,Carlos Priminho Pirovani
The apoplast performs important functions in the plant, such as defense against stress, and compounds present form the apoplastic washing fluid (AWF). The fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease (WBD) in Theobroma cacao L., initially colonizes the apoplast in its biotrophic phase. In this period, the fungus can remain for approximately 60 days, until it changes
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Monitoring in Corynespora cassiicola resistance to boscalid, trifloxystrobin, and carbendazim in China. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Rongjia Zhou,Bingxue Sun,Guangxue Zhu,Xuewen Xie,Ali Chai,Lei Li,Tengfei Fan,Baoju Li,Yanxia Shi
Corynespora leaf spot (CLS), caused by Corynespora cassiicola, is a serious disease of greenhouse cucumbers. With high use of fungicides, C. cassiicola has developed resistance to various fungicides. However, with a lack of new fungicides to be selected, it is still necessary to use existing fungicides for effective control. Therefore, this study monitored the resistance of C. cassiicola to three commonly
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Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Systemic Signaling. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Fiona Michelle Harris,Zhonglin Mou
Cellular damage inflicted by wounding, pathogen infection, and herbivory releases a variety of host-derived metabolites, degraded structural components, and peptides into the extracellular space that act as alarm signals when perceived by adjacent cells. These so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) function through plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors to regulate
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Heat treatments at varying ambient temperatures and durations differentially affect plant defense to Blumeria hordei in a resistant and a susceptible Hordeum vulgare line. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 József Fodor,Judit Kolozsváriné Nagy,Lóránt Király,Klára Mészáros,Judit Bányai,Mónika Károlyiné Cséplő,Ildikó Schwarczinger,András Künstler
Our previous research showed that a powdery mildew resistant barley line (MvHV07-17) maintains its resistance to Blumeria hordei (Bh) even if plants are exposed to long-term high temperature of 35 ⁰C for 120 h before Bh inoculation, while such high temperature pre-treatment further increases susceptibility to infection in the susceptible barley line MvHV118-17. In the present study, we extend this
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Openness and Computational Reproducibility in Plant Pathology: Where We Stand and a Way Forward. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Adam H Sparks,Emerson M Del Ponte,Kaique S Alves,Zachary S L Foster,Niklaus J Grünwald
Open research practices have been highlighted extensively during the last 10 years in many fields of scientific study as essential standards needed to promote transparency and reproducibility of scientific results. Scientific claims can only be evaluated based on how protocols, materials, equipment, and methods were described; data were collected and prepared; and analyses were conducted. Openly sharing
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What Can Be Learned by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021? Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Michael J Jeger,Hannah Fielder,Tim Beale,Anna M Szyniszewska,Stephen Parnell,Nik J Cunniffe
A synoptic review of plant disease epidemics and outbreaks was made using two complementary approaches. The first approach involved reviewing scientific literature published in 2021, in which quantitative data related to new plant disease epidemics or outbreaks were obtained via surveys or similar methodologies. The second approach involved retrieving new records added in 2021 to the CABI Distribution
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Crinivirus Tomato Chlorosis Virus Compromises the Control of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato Plants by the Ty-1 Gene. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Isabel M Fortes,Rafael Fernández-Muñoz,Enrique Moriones
Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes severe damage to tomato crops in warm regions of the world, and is associated with infections of several whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted single-stranded (ss)DNA begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae). The most widespread begomovirus isolates associated with TYLCD are those of the type strain of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus species
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A Revised Nomenclature for ToxA Haplotypes Across Multiple Fungal Species. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Reem Aboukhaddour,Mohamed Hafez,Megan McDonald,Caroline S Moffat,Sudhir Navathe,Timothy L Friesen,Stephen E Strelkov,Richard P Oliver,Kar-Chun Tan,Zhaohui Liu,Paula M Moolhuijzen,Huyen Phan,Pao Theen See,Peter S Solomon
ToxA is one of the most studied proteinaceous necrotrophic effectors produced by plant pathogens. It has been identified in four pathogens (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Parastagonospora nodorum, Parastagonospora pseudonodorum [formerly Parastagonospora avenaria f. sp. tritici], and Bipolaris sorokiniana) causing leaf spot diseases on cereals worldwide. To date, 24 different ToxA haplotypes have been
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Aureobasidium pullulans from the Fire Blight Biocontrol Product, Blossom Protect, Induces Host Resistance in Apple Flowers. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Quan Zeng,Kenneth B Johnson,Salma Mukhtar,Sara Nason,Regan Huntley,Felicia Millet,Ching-Hong Yang,M Amine Hassani,Nubia Zuverza-Mena,George W Sundin
Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease of apple. Blossom Protect, a product that contains Aureobasidium pullulans as the active ingredient, is one of the most effective biological controls of fire blight. It has been postulated that the mode of action of A. pullulans is to compete against and antagonize epiphytic growth of E. amylovora on flowers, but recent studies have
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Survival Analysis as a Basis to Test Hypotheses When Using Quantitative Ordinal Scale Disease Severity Data. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Kuo-Szu Chiang,Y M Chang,H I Liu,J Y Lee,Moussa El Jarroudi,Clive Bock
Disease severity in plant pathology is often measured by the amount of a plant or plant part that exhibits disease symptoms. This is typically assessed using a numerical scale, which allows for a standardized, convenient, and quick method of rating. These scales, known as "quantitative ordinal scales" (QOS), divide the percentage scale into a predetermined number of intervals. There are various ways
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Post-Infection Application of Fenhexamid at Lower Doses in Conjunction with Captan Slowed Fungicide Resistance Selection in Botrytis cinerea on Detached Grape Berries. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Stephen Boushell,Mengjun Hu
Fungicide resistance is a limiting factor in sustainable crop production. General resistance management strategies such as rotation and mixtures of fungicides with different modes of action have been proven to be effective in many studies, but guidance on fungicide dose or application timing for resistance management remains unclear or debatable. In this study, Botrytis cinerea and the high-risk fungicide
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Applications of Germicidal Ultraviolet Light as A Tool for Fire Blight Management (Erwinia amylovora) in Apple. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Isabella Yannuzzi,David Gadoury,Alexandra Davidson,Kerik D Cox
Nighttime applications of germicidal UV light (UV-C) have been used to suppress several fungal diseases of plants, but less is known of the potential of UV-C to suppress bacterial plant pathogens. Fire blight of apple and pear, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is difficult to suppress using cultural practices, antibiotics, and host resistance, and we therefore investigated the potential of
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Sensitive and visual detection of brassica yellows virus using RT-LAMP-coupled CRISPR-Cas12 assay. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Tengzhi Xu,Xiaolan Yang,Xia Feng,Hao Luo,Chun Luo,Meng-Ao Jia,Lei Lei
Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is an economically important virus on cruciferous species. In this study, a one-pot reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay coupled with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system was developed for the detection of BrYV. The limit of detection of this method reached 32.8 copies of the BrYV ORF5
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Complete genome sequence of a copper-resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strain isolated from broccoli in Mauritius suggests adaptive gene gain through horizontal gene transfer. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Claudine Boyer,Pierre Lefeuvre,Damien Richard,Kanta Kumar Lobin,Olivier Pruvost
Bacterial adaptation is facilitated by the presence of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of genes, such as those coding for virulence factors or resistance to antimicrobial compounds. A hybrid assembly of Nanopore MinIon long read and Illumina short read data was produced from a copper-resistant Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strain isolated from symptomatic
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Environmental Factors Influencing Stem Rot Development in Peanut: Predictors and Action Thresholds for Disease Management. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Santosh Sanjel,James Colee,Rebecca Barocco,Nicholas S Dufault,Barry L Tillman,Zamir K Punja,Ramdeo Seepaul,Ian Malcolm Small
Peanuts grown in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions are susceptible to stem rot, which is a soil-borne disease caused by Athelia rolfsii. Due to the lack of reliable environmental-based scheduling recommendations, stem rot control relies heavily on fungicides that are applied at predetermined intervals. We conducted inoculated field experiments for six site-years in North Florida, USA, to
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Multisite field evaluation of bacteriophages for fire blight management: incorporation of UVR protectants, and impact on the apple flower microbiome. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Kristi Gdanetz,Madison Dobbins,Sara Villani,Cory Outwater,Suzanne Slack,Darlene Nesbitt,Antonet Svircev,Erin Lauwers,Quan Zeng,Kerik D Cox,George W Sundin
Fire blight, a disease of pome fruits caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, has become increasingly difficult to manage after the emergence of streptomycin-resistant strains. Alternative antibiotics and copper are available; however, these chemicals have use restrictions in some countries and also can carry risks of phytotoxicity. Therefore, there is growing interest in biological-based management
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Sporulation and dispersal of the biological control agent Aspergillus flavus AF36 under field conditions. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 M Teresa Garcia-Lopez,Esteban Meca,Ramon Jaime,Ryan D Puckett,Themis J Michailides,Juan Moral Moral
Aflatoxins are carcinogens produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus that contaminate pistachio crops. International markets reject pistachio when aflatoxins exceed permitted maximum levels. Releasing the atoxigenic strain AF36 of A. flavus is the leading aflatoxin pre-harvest control method. The product AF36 Prevail®, sorghum grains coated with AF36 propagules, has been used in California
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A novel IncX plasmid mediates high-level oxytetracycline and streptomycin resistance in Erwinia amylovora from commercial pear orchards in California. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 George W Sundin,Jingyu Peng,Lindsay Brown,Quan Zeng,Helga Forster,James E Adaskaveg
Isolates of the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora with high-level resistance to oxytetracycline (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 100 g/ml) and to streptomycin (MIC > 100 g/ml) were recovered from four commercial pear orchards in California between 2018-2020. The two representative oxytetracycline and streptomycin-resistant (OxyTcR-SmR) strains 32-10 and 33-1 were as virulent as the
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Non-destructive monitoring of foliar fungicide efficacy with hyperspectral sensing in grapevine. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Nikita Gambhir,Angela Paul,Tian Qiu,David Combs,Saeed Hosseinzadeh,Anna Underhill,Lance Cadle-Davidson,Yu Jiang,Kaitlin Morey Gold
Frequent fungicide applications are required to manage grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). However, this practice is costly and has led to widespread fungicide resistance. A method of monitoring in-field fungicide efficacy could help growers maximize spray-interval length, thereby reducing costs and the rate of fungicide resistance emergence. The goal of this study was to evaluate if hyperspectral
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DNA Markers, Pathogenicity Test, and Multilocus Sequence Analysis to Differentiate and Characterize Cereal-Specific Xanthomonas translucens Strains. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Eunhye Hong,Ibukunoluwa A Bankole,Bin Zhao,Gongjun Shi,James W Buck,Jie Feng,Rebecca D Curland,Thomas Baldwin,Venkata Chapara,Zhaohui Liu
Xanthomonas translucens contains a group of bacterial pathogens that are closely related and have been divided into several pathovars based on their host range. X. translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu) and X. translucens pv. translucens (Xtt) are two important pathovars that cause bacterial leaf streak disease on wheat and barley, respectively. In this study, DNA markers were developed to differentiate Xtu
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Phloem and xylem responses are both implicated in HLB tolerance of Sugar Belle. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Jacobo Robledo,Stacy Welker,Ilana Shtein,Chiara Bernardini,Christopher Vincent,Amit Levy
While HLB is a devastating citrus disease, improved tolerant cultivars, like Sugar Belle (SB) mandarin, have been identified. To understand the responses that HLB-affected SB undergoes, we compared 14CO2 fixation, carbohydrate export, phloem callose accumulation, relative expression of plant defense activators, and anatomical changes between healthy and infected SB trees versus susceptible Pineapple
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Underlying mechanisms of the "hedgehog like panicle" and "filamentous leaf tissue" symptoms caused by Sclerospora graminicola in foxtail millet. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Baojun Zhang,Nuo Zhang,Renjian Li,Zhenxin Fu,Fan Mu,Yuanhuai Han,Yanqing Han
Downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola is a systemic infectious disease affecting foxtail millet production in Africa and Asiain. S. graminicola-infected leaves could be decomposed to a state where only the veins remain, resulting in a "filamentous leaf tissue" symptom. The aim of the present study was to investigate how S. graminicola influences the formation of the "filamentous leaf tissue"
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Trunk Injection of Oxytetracycline for Huanglongbing Management in Mature Grapefruit and Sweet Orange Trees. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Leigh Archer,Sanju Kunwar,Fernando Alferez,Ozgur Batuman,Ute Albrecht
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating bacterial disease associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. The location of the pathogen within the vasculature of the tree has left growers with limited options for the effective management of the disease. Trunk injection is a crop protection technique that applies therapeutics directly into the xylem of woody tree species and allows for their systemic
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Application of Hydrothermal Time Models to Predict Sclerotial Germination of Athelia rolfsii. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Santosh Sanjel,Victor Guerra,Ramdeo Seepaul,Cheryl Mackowiak,Zamir K Punja,Nicholas S Dufault,Barry L Tillman,Kent J Bradford,Ian Malcolm Small
Athelia rolfsii, causal agent of 'southern blight' disease, is a soil-borne fungal pathogen with a wide host range of more than 500 species. This study's objectives were to: (i) quantify the effects of two environmental factors, temperature, and soil moisture, on germination of A. rolfsii inoculum (sclerotia), which is a critical event for the onset of disease epidemics; and (ii) predict the timing
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Exaggerated plurivory of Macrophomina phaseolina: An accounting of the large host range claim and the shifting of scientific language. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Kayla Pennerman,Christine Jade Dilla-Ermita,Peter M Henry
Macrophomina phaseolina is a plant pathogenic fungus that is frequently described as having a broad host range encompassing more than 500 species. We noticed that citations provided in support of this statement did not actually demonstrate such a broad host range. To elucidate the true documented host range of this fungus, we initiated a literature meta-analysis of 894 publications on M. phaseolina
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Characterization of the endophytic Bacillus subtilis KRS015 strain for its biocontrol efficacy against Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Jian Song,Dan Wang,Dongfei Han,Dandan Zhang,Ran Li,Zhi-Qiang Kong,Xiao-Feng Dai,Krishna V Subbarao,Jie-Yin Chen
Endophytes play important roles in promoting plant growth and controlling plant diseases. Verticillium wilt is a vascular wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae, a widely distributed soilborne pathogen that causes significant economic losses on cotton each year. In this study, an endophyte KRS015, isolated from the seed of Verticillium wilt-resistant Gossypium hirsutum cultivar "Zhongzhimian No
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Acidifying spray suspensions of oxytetracycline and kasugamycin enhances their effectiveness for fire blight control in apple and pear. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Kenneth B Johnson,Todd N Temple,Achala N Kc
The stability of the fire blight control material, oxytetracycline, in water is strongly affected by pH, increasing with increasing acidity. From 2017-21, pear and apple orchard trials were conducted to evaluate if acidic amendments to oxytetracycline sprays improve fire blight control. Compared to the water-treated control, infection suppression after two bloom applications of an acidified commercial
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Ratoon Stunting Disease (RSD) of Sugarcane: A Review Emphasizing Detection Strategies and Challenges. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Moutoshi Chakraborty,Rebecca Ford,Narshone Soda,Simon Strachan,Chuong Nguyen Ngo,Shamsul Arafin Bhuiyan,Muhammad Shiddiky
Sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid) is an important cash crop grown in tropical and subtropical countries. Ratoon stunting disease (RSD), caused by a xylem-inhabiting bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx), is one of the most economically significant globally. RSD results in severe yield losses due to its highly contagious nature, lacks of visually identifiable symptoms, make it harder to devise an effective
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A survey of Xylella fastidiosa in the US state of Virginia reveals wide distribution of both subspecies fastidiosa and multiplex in grapevine. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Sahar Abdelrazek,Elizabeth Bush,Charlotte L Oliver,Haijie Liu,Parul Sharma,Marcela Aguilera Flores,Monica Ann Donegan,Rodrigo Almeida,Mizuho Nita,Boris Vinatzer
Global travel and trade in combination with climate change are expanding the geographic distribution of plant pathogens. The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is a prime example. Native to the Americas, it has spread to Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. To assess the risk that pathogen introductions pose to crops in newly invaded areas, it is key to survey their diversity, host range, and disease incidence
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Spatial dependency in stubble-borne Pyrenophora teres f. teres and influence of sample support size on DNA concentration and fungicide resistance frequency. Phytopathology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Leon Marc Hodgson,Suman Rakshit,Fran Lopez Ruiz,Mark Gibberd,Geoff Thomas,Ayalsew Zerihun
Fungicide resistance in foliar fungal pathogens is an increasing challenge to crop production. Yield impacts due to loss of fungicide efficacy may be reduced through effective surveillance and appropriate management intervention. For stubble-borne pathogens, off-season crop residues may be used to monitor fungicide resistance to inform pre-planting decisions, however, appropriate sampling strategies