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Seed dispersal in Neuwiedia singapureana: novel evidence for avian endozoochory in the earliest diverging clade in Orchidaceae Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Yu Zhang; Yuan-Yuan Li; Miaomiao Wang; Jia Liu; Fanqiang Luo; Yung-I Lee
Seed dispersal allows plants to colonize new habitats that has an significant influence on plant distribution and population dynamics. Orchids produce numerous tiny seeds without endosperm, which are considered to be mainly wind-dispersed. Here, we report avian seed dispersal for an early diverging orchid species, Neuwiedia singapureana, which produces fleshy fruits with hard seed coats in the understory
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Explore the genetics of weedy traits using rice 3K database Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Yu-Lan Lin; Dong-Hong Wu; Cheng-Chieh Wu; Yung-Fen Huang
Weedy rice, a conspecific weedy counterpart of the cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), has been problematic in rice-production area worldwide. Although we started to know about the origin of some weedy traits for some rice-growing regions, an overall assessment of weedy trait-related loci was not yet available. On the other hand, the advances in sequencing technologies, together with community efforts
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First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Yu-Wei Yeh; Pei-Yi Chou; Hsin-Yu Hou; Roland Kirschner
Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the
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Impatiens wuyiensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Fujian of Southeast China, based on morphological and molecular evidences Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-11-02 Jian-Sheng Wang; Yi-Fei Lu; Yue-Liang Xu; Shui-Hu Jin; Xiao-Feng Jin
Southeast Asia, together with tropical Africa, Madagascar, South India and Sri Lanka, and the eastern Himalayas, are the five primary hotspots of species diversity of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). China is also rich in Impatiens species, especially in the limestone karsts or ‘Danxia’ landforms. With zygomorphic flowers and diverse corolla morphology and color, the species in Impatiens are well-known for
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Physiological and transcriptome changes induced by exogenous putrescine in anthurium under chilling stress Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Xiangli Sun; Zebin Yuan; Bo Wang; Liping Zheng; Jianzhong Tan; Fadi Chen
Chilling stress is the major factor limiting plant productivity and quality in most regions of the world. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of putrescine (Put) and polyamine inhibitor d-arginine (d-arg) on the chilling tolerance of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum). Anthurium seedlings were pretreated with five different concentrations of Put solution or d-arg solution. Subsequently
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Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Wan-Ting Chiao; Bo-Ching Chen; Chien-Hui Syu; Kai-Wei Juang
Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight
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Reductions of copper ion-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidations of trypsin inhibitors, the sweet potato root major proteins, and LDL binding capacities. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Yeh-Lin Lu,Chia-Jung Lee,Shyr-Yi Lin,Wen-Chi Hou
The root major proteins of sweet potato trypsin inhibitors (SPTIs) or named sporamin, estimated for 60 to 80% water-soluble proteins, exhibited many biological activities. The human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) showed to form in vivo complex with endogenous oxidized alpha-1-antitrypsin. Little is known concerning the interactions between SPTIs and LDL in vitro. The thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substance
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Roles of stay-green (SGR) homologs during chlorophyll degradation in green plants. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Baozhen Jiao,Qingwei Meng,Wei Lv
Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is one of the most obvious signs of leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Stay-green (SGR) homologs that can remove magnesium from Chl a are the most important components in Chl degradation pathway in green plants. SGR homologs are not only universally involved in Chl breakdown during the senescence of green organs, but also play crucial roles in other organs during plant
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Silencing of PhLA, a CIN-TCP gene, causes defected petal conical epidermal cell formation and results in reflexed corolla lobes in petunia. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Hsiao-Wei Chen,Po-Lun Lee,Chun-Neng Wang,Hui-Ju Hsu,Jen-Chih Chen
TCP-domain proteins, plant specific transcription factors, play important roles in various developmental processes. CIN-TCPs control leaf curvature in simple leaf species while regulate leaf complexity in compound leaf species. However, the knowledge was largely based on findings in few model species. To extend our knowledge on this group of proteins in Solanaceae species, we identified a CIN-TCP gene
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Effects of circadian clock and light on melatonin concentration in Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort). Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Ming-Hsiu Chung,Tzu-Shing Deng
Melatonin acts as a signaling hormone and entraining agent in many organisms. We studied the spatiotemporal regulation and influence of light (photoperiods, intensities, and spectral qualities) on melatonin concentration in the medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum L. Furthermore, melatonin concentrations in the leaves of eight species of the Hypericum genus were compared and analyzed using high-performance
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Investigation of the effects of P1 on HC-pro-mediated gene silencing suppression through genetics and omics approaches. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 Sin-Fen Hu,Wei-Lun Wei,Syuan-Fei Hong,Ru-Ying Fang,Hsin-Yi Wu,Pin-Chun Lin,Neda Sanobar,Hsin-Ping Wang,Margo Sulistio,Chun-Ta Wu,Hsiao-Feng Lo,Shih-Shun Lin
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is one of the most important mechanisms for plants during viral infection. However, viruses have also developed viral suppressors to negatively control PTGS by inhibiting microRNA (miRNA) and short-interfering RNA (siRNA) regulation in plants. The first identified viral suppressor, P1/HC-Pro, is a fusion protein that was translated from potyviral RNA. Upon
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Six new species of Begonia from Guangxi, China. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Yan Liu,Yu-Hsin Tseng,Hsun-An Yang,Ai-Qun Hu,Wei-Bin Xu,Che-Wei Lin,Yoshiko Kono,Chiung-Chih Chang,Ching-I Peng,Kuo-Fang Chung
With currently 1980 described species, the mega-diverse Begonia is now perhaps the 5th largest flowering plant genus, expanding rapidly from ca. 900 species in 1997 to its current size in merely two decades. In continuation of our studies of Asian Begonia, we report six additional new species from Guangxi, the region/province harboring the second richest Begonia flora of China. Based on morphological
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Sequence analysis and protein interactions of Arabidopsis CIA2 and CIL proteins. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Chun-Yen Yang,Chih-Wen Sun
A previous screening of Arabidopsis thaliana for mutants exhibiting dysfunctional chloroplast protein transport identified the chloroplast import apparatus (cia) gene. The cia2 mutant has a pale green phenotype and reduced rate of protein import into chloroplasts, but leaf shape and size are similar to wild-type plants of the same developmental stage. Microarray analysis showed that nuclear CIA2 protein
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Adansonia digitata germination tests. Elephants or heat: what causes scarification of seed to facilitate germination? Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Thea Lautenschläger,Nele Teutloff,Markus Günther,Christoph Neinhuis
The dormancy of Adansonia digitata seeds is well known. For propagation purposes, plenty of germination tests were conducted, however, rarely taking the ecology of baobab into account. Our main goal, therefore, is to identify the decisive natural trigger for breaking the dormancy. We therefore performed 31 different tests and their influence on the germination rate (time to germination and proportion
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Variations of rhizospheric soil microbial communities in response to continuous Andrographis paniculata cropping practices. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Junren Li,Xiuzhen Chen,Simin Li,Zimei Zuo,Ruoting Zhan,Rui He
Changes of soil microbial communities are one of the main factors of continuous cropping problem. Andrographis paniculata has been reported to have replant problem in cultivation. However, little is known about the variations of rhizosphere soil microbial communities of A. paniculata under a continuous cropping system. Here, Illumina MiSeq was used to investigate the shifts of rhizospheric bacterial
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Using a zero-inflated model to assess gene flow risk and coexistence of Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L. on a field scale in Taiwan. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-05-20 Yuan-Chih Su,Po-Shung Wang,Jhih-Ling Yang,Hong Hong,Tzu-Kai Lin,Yuan-Kai Tu,Bo-Jein Kuo
BACKGROUND The cropping area of genetically modified (GM) crops has constantly increased since 1996. However, currently, cultivating GM crops is associated with many concerns. Transgenes are transferred to non-GM crops through pollen-mediated gene flow, which causes environmental problems such as superweeds and introgressive hybridization. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), which has many GM varieties,
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Evolutionary correlation of water-related traits between different structures of Dendrobium plants. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-05-16 Mei Sun,Chun-Hui Feng,Zhen-Ya Liu,Kun Tian
BACKGROUND Leaf water conservation and pseudobulb water storage are two of the strategies commonly employed by epiphytic plants to adapt to dry environments. During the flowering period, a great deal of water transpires through the flowers, which then influences water-related processes. However, there is little research on the coordinated relationship between the different structures of epiphytes.
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The level of genetic diversity and differentiation of tropical lotus, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nelumbonaceae) from Australia, India, and Thailand. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-05-16 Yeshitila Mekbib,Shi-Xu Huang,Boniface K Ngarega,Zhi-Zhong Li,Tao Shi,Ke-Fang Ou,Yu-Ting Liang,Jin-Ming Chen,Xing-Yu Yang
BACKGROUND Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., a perennial aquatic macrophyte species, has been cultivated in several Asian countries for its economic importance, and medicinal uses. Two distinct ecotypes of the species are recognized based on the geographical location where the genotypes are adapted, i.e., tropical lotus and temperate lotus. The genetic diversity levels and differentiation of the tropical lotus
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In memoriam Ching-I Peng (1950-2018)-an outstanding scientist and mentor with a remarkable legacy. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-04-25 Kuo-Fang Chung
Ching-I Peng, the most prolific and internationally recognized Taiwanese plant taxonomist of his generation, passed away on May 1, 2018. Dr. Peng was an eminent worker on the taxonomy of East Asian plants and the genus Ludwigia, and the foremost expert on Asian Begonia. He served as associate editor, co-editor in chief, and editor-in-chief of Botanical Studies and its predecessor Botanical Bulletin
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Do halophytes and glycophytes differ in their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress? A meta-analysis. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-04-19 Jing Pan,Fei Peng,Anna Tedeschi,Xian Xue,Tao Wang,Jie Liao,Wenjuan Zhang,Cuihua Huang
BACKGROUND Halophytes are better than glycophytes at employing mechanisms to avoid salt injury, but both types of plants can undergo damage due to high soil salinity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can mitigate the damage from salt stress in both halophytes and glycophytes by enhancing salt tolerance and improving energy efficiency. However, variations in mycorrhizal symbiotic efficiency between
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Further evidence of Ceratobasidium D.P. Rogers (Basidiomycota) serving as the ubiquitous fungal associate of Platanthera leucophaea (Orchidaceae) in the North American tallgrass prairie. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-04-15 Hana L Thixton,Elizabeth J Esselman,Laura L Corey,Lawrence W Zettler
BACKGROUND In the United States and Canada, ca. one-half of native orchid species are now threatened with extinction. A number of these species are restricted to tallgrass prairies of central North America, such as the Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid, Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.-a U.S. Federally threatened species. RESULTS We provide new records of fungi recovered from roots of P. leucophaea
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Phalaenopsis orchid miniaturization by overexpression of OsGA2ox6, a rice GA2-oxidase gene Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 Kun-Ting Hsieh,Su-Hui Liu,I-Wen Wang,Liang-Jwu Chen
Background Phalaenopsis orchids are one of the most common potted orchids sold worldwide. Most Phalaenopsis cultivars have long inflorescences that cause shipping problems and increase handling costs. Miniaturization of Phalaenopsis orchids not only reduces overall production costs but also can expand the appeal of the orchids to a different group of consumers who prefer to keep flowers on desks or
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Xylaria insolita and X. subescharoidea : two newly described species collected from a termite nesting site in Hua-lien, Taiwan Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 Huei-Mei Hsieh,Jyh-Ching Chou,Yu-Ming Ju
Background A number of Xylaria species are exclusively associated with nests of macrotermitine termites. A nesting site of Odontotermes formosanus in eastern Taiwan, which is the only macrotermitine termite known on the island, had been inundated during the raining season of 2010, and hundreds of Xylaria stromata emerged from it thereafter. A thorough examination of these stromata showed that they
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In vitro propagation of bulblets and LC–MS/MS analysis of isosteroidal alkaloids in tissue culture derived materials of Chinese medicinal herb Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-03-24 Hung-Chi Chang,Hui-Min Xie,Maw-Rong Lee,Chiu-Ying Lin,Mei-Kuen Yip,Dinesh Chandra Agrawal,Hsin-Sheng Tsay
Background Fritillaria cirrhosa, an important Chinese medicinal herb, is a Class-III protected and highly exploited species by pharmaceutical industry. Dwindling wild populations of species are unable to meet market demand. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop an in vitro propagation method for bulblet production. Also, the study aimed to carry out LC–MS/MS analysis of tissue culture-derived
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N -3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone, a bacterial quorum sensing signal, enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and wheat Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-03-10 Qian Zhao,Xiang-Yun Yang,Yao Li,Fang Liu,Xiang-Yu Cao,Zhen-Hua Jia,Shui-Shan Song
Background N -acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules to coordinate the collective behavior in a population in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent evidences demonstrate their roles in plant growth and defense responses. Results In present study, we show that the treatment of plant roots with N -3-oxo-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC6-HSL), one molecule of AHLs family
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Correction to: Anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities of demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin in vitro and reductions of oxidative stress in d -galactose-induced BALB/c mice in vivo Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Yuh-Hwa Liu,Tai-Lin Lee,Chuan-Hsiao Han,Yi-Shan Lee,Wen-Chi Hou
In the publication of this article (Liu et al. 2019), there was an error in the method and ethics declarations sections which were published with incorrect animal experiment approval number. The error: ‘These animal experimental protocols have been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Taipei Medical University (LAC-99-0142).’ Should instead read: These animal
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Functional characterization of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase encoding genes from Scoparia dulcis L. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 Yoshimi Yamamura,Ayaka Mabuchi
BACKGROUND Most plant cytochrome P450 (P450) proteins need to be supplied with electrons from a redox partner, e.g. an NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), for the activation of oxygen molecules via heme. CPR is a flavoprotein with an N-terminal transmembrane domain, which transfers electrons from NADPH to the P450 via coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. RESULTS In this
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Silicified bulliform cells of Poaceae: morphological characteristics that distinguish subfamilies. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 Iju Chen,Kuang-Ti Li,Cheng-Hwa Tsang
BACKGROUND Grass phytoliths are the most common phytoliths in sediments; recognizing grass phytolith types is important when using phytoliths as a tool to reconstruct paleoenvironments. Grass bulliform cells may be silicified to large size parallelepipedal or cuneiform shaped phytoliths, which were often regarded as of no taxonomic value. However, studies in eastern Asia had identified several forms
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Ultrastructural changes during the symbiotic seed germination of Gastrodia elata with fungi, with emphasis on the fungal colonization region. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Yuan-Yuan Li,Shun-Xing Guo,Yung-I Lee
BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata is a fully mycoheterotrophic orchid and has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. The life cycle of G. elata requires an association with two different fungi-Mycena for seed germination and Armillaria for tuber growth. The association with Armillaria is representative of the phytophagous type of orchid mycorrhiza: the intracellular hyphae are lysed without forming
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Effect of different mycobionts on symbiotic germination and seedling growth of Dendrobium officinale, an important medicinal orchid. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Ying Zhang,Yuan-Yuan Li,Xiao-Mei Chen,Shun-Xing Guo,Yung-I Lee
BACKGROUND Orchids maintain a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi in the lifecycle. Previous reports indicated that diverse mycobionts may have different roles during orchid growth and development. Although various mycorrhizal fungi have been isolated from Dendrobium roots and protocorms, little is known about their specific effects on seed germination and seedling growth. To understand the
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Vessel elements of two thelypteroid ferns-part I. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Swastika Laskar,Utsha Ghoshal,Kakali Sen
BACKGROUND Hydraulically efficient xylem was evolved in the vascular plants as an apomorphy of the group. Main xylem components involved in water conduction are tracheid and vessel. Vessels, in which two ends are perforated, constituted major evolutionary innovation within vascular plants, presumably providing more efficient solute conduction. Not all vascular plants have vessels. In pteridophytes
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Morphological and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids introgressed from Brassica napus to B. rapa in Taiwan. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 Yuan-Kai Tu,Han-Wei Chen,Kuang-Yu Tseng,Yen-Chun Lin,Bo-Jein Kuo
BACKGROUND Unintentional introgression from genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to a relative is inevitable in the open field. A feasible and practical strategy for restricting the spread of GM offspring is to set a reasonable isolated distance between GM B. napus and the relatives. To define the isolated distance, a pollen donor/recipient pair is a prerequisite to conducting the
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Thermotolerance evaluation of Taiwan Japonica type rice cultivars at the seedling stage Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 Ta-Ping Hsuan,Pei-Rong Jhuang,Wen-Chin Wu,Huu-Sheng Lur
Background The subtropical rice varieties grown in Taiwan are mainly Japonica-type rice varieties, which are grown in the southernmost- and lowest-latitude Japonica type rice cultivation area in the world. In Taiwan, seedlings that are planted either by transplanting or direct seeding in the second crop will face the season with the highest temperatures during the year. High-temperature stress severely
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Inbreeding and inbreeding depression of Paeonia decomposita (Paeoniaceae), a threatened endemic plant to China Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 Shi-Quan Wang
Background Small populations are predominantly vulnerable to inbreeding and inbreeding depression (ID). Owing to increased levels of inbreeding on individuals in small populations, ID could decrease the population growth rate, as well as its effective size, and exacerbate the extinction risk. Inbreeding depression remains a crucial area of research in conservation biology, ecology, and evolutionary
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Chitosan enhances rosmarinic acid production in shoot cultures of Melissa officinalis L. through the induction of methyl jasmonate. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-10-19 Ghazaleh Fooladi Vanda,Leila Shabani,Roya Razavizadeh
BACKGROUND Chitosan is a polycationic polysaccharide derived from chitin that has been recognized as an effective elicitor in the production of secondary metabolites of many medicinal plants. In this study, the effect of abiotic elicitor (chitosan) at various concentrations on rosmarinic acid (RA) and total phenolic accumulation in shoot cultures of lemon balm was investigated. RESULTS Treatment of
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Optimization of a simple, accurate and low cost method for starch quantification in green microalgae. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-10-15 Tze Ching Yong,Chia-Sheng Chiu,Ching-Nen Nathan Chen
BACKGROUND Lipids and starch are important feedstocks for bioenergy production. Genetic studies on the biosyntheses of lipids and starch in green microalgae have drawn significant attention recently. In these studies, quantifications of lipids and starch are required to clarify the causal effects. While lipids are assayed with similar procedures worldwide, starch in green microalgae has been measured
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Dye- and fluorescence-based assay to characterize symplastic and apoplastic trafficking in soybean (Glycime max L.) endosperm. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-09-25 Ming-Der Shih,Jian-Shin Lin,Mei-Jane Fang,Yuan-Ching Tsai,Yue-Ie C Hsing
BACKGROUND Endosperm is a triploid tissue in seed resulting from a sperm nucleus fused with the binucleate central cell after double fertilization. Endosperm may be involved in metabolite production, solute transport, nutrient storage, and germination. In the legume family (Fabaceae), with the greatest number of domesticated crops, approximately 60% of genera contain well-differentiated endosperm in
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Ethylene-mediated signaling confers thermotolerance and regulates transcript levels of heat shock factors in rice seedlings under heat stress. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-09-25 Yu-Sian Wu,Chin-Ying Yang
BACKGROUND Agriculture is highly dependent on climate. Increases in temperature caused by global warming pose challenges for crop production. Heat stress induces oxidative damage to cell membranes and then causes cell death. Plants have developed various responses to elevated temperatures, including hormone signaling pathways and heat shock factors that elevate their thermotolerance. In response to
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Construction of gene causal regulatory networks using microarray data with the coefficient of intrinsic dependence. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-09-13 Li-Yu Daisy Liu,Ya-Chun Hsiao,Hung-Chi Chen,Yun-Wei Yang,Men-Chi Chang
BACKGROUND In the past two decades, biologists have been able to identify the gene signatures associated with various phenotypes through the monitoring of gene expressions with high-throughput biotechnologies. These gene signatures have in turn been successfully applied to drug development, disease prevention, crop improvement, etc. However, ignoring the interactions among genes has weakened the predictive
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Fungal endophytes of Plumbago zeylanica L. enhances plumbagin content. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-09-09 Namdeo B Andhale,Mohd Shahnawaz,Avinash B Ade
BACKGROUND Plumbagin is one of the pharmaceutically important biomolecule with anticancer potential. Among the plants reported to produce plumbagin, P. zeylanica topped the list. The plumbagin production is very slow with low yield and maximum 0.5% (of dry weight) was reported in P. zeylanica. To meet the increasing demand of the plumbagin at global level, the P. zeylanica are exploited at commercial
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Phylogeography of Begonia luzhaiensis suggests both natural and anthropogenic causes for the marked population genetic structure. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-09-08 Yu-Hsin Tseng,Han-Yau Huang,Wei-Bin Xu,Hsun-An Yang,Ching-I Peng,Yan Liu,Kuo-Fang Chung
BACKGROUND Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts (SVLK) are a biodiversity hotspot rich in endemic plant species associated with caves and cave-like microhabitats. Based on phylogenetic studies of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum, a species-rich and characteristic SVLK clade, geographic isolation caused by extensive and continuous karstification was proposed as the major driving force triggering population diversification
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Molecular systematics of Chiritopsis-like Primulina (Gesneriaceae): one new species, one new name, two new combinations, and new synonyms. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-08-31 Wei-Bin Xu,Hsuan Chang,Jie Huang,Kuo-Fang Chung
BACKGROUND The Gesneriaceae genus Chiritopsis, confined almost exclusively to cave or cave-like microhabitats of limestone karsts of southern China, was described to distinguish it from Chirita by much smaller flowers and generally miniature plant sizes in the former genus. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that Chiritopsis is polyphyletic and its species delimitation has been problematic
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Genomic and phenotypic evaluation of rice susceptible check TN1 collected in Taiwan. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-08-31 Yi Li,Yung-Fen Huang,Shou-Horng Huang,Yun-Hung Kuang,Chih-Wei Tung,Chung-Ta Liao,Wen-Po Chuang
BACKGROUND Taichung Native 1 (TN1), a variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.) developed in Taiwan, has played a key role in the green revolution of this major staple crop because of its semi-dwarf characteristics. Due to its susceptibility, it has been used as a susceptibility indicator in rice insect and pathogen resistance studies worldwide. While within-variety differences have been reported for agronomic
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Comparative genomics of 11 complete chloroplast genomes of Senecioneae (Asteraceae) species: DNA barcodes and phylogenetics. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-08-24 Andrew Wanyoike Gichira,Sheila Avoga,Zhizhong Li,Guangwan Hu,Qingfeng Wang,Jinming Chen
BACKGROUND Majority of the species within Senecioneae are classified in Senecio, making it the tribe's largest genus. Certain intergeneric relationships within the tribe are vaguely defined, with the genus Senecio being partly linked to this ambiguity. Infrageneric relationships within Senecio remain largely unknown and consequently, the genus has undergone continuous expansion and contraction over
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Regulation of ABI5 expression by ABF3 during salt stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-08-11 Hui-Chun Chang,Min-Chieh Tsai,Sih-Sian Wu,Ing-Feng Chang
BACKGROUND Basic region/leucine zippers (bZIPs) are transcription factors (TFs) encoded by a large gene family in plants. ABF3 and ABI5 are Group A bZIP TFs that are known to be important in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. However, questions of whether ABF3 regulates ABI5 are still present. RESULTS In vitro kinase assay results showed that Thr-128, Ser-134, and Thr-451 of ABF3 are calcium-dependent
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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of polysaccharides in Hericium erinaceus. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Nan Zhang,Zongfu Tang,Jun Zhang,Xin Li,Ziqian Yang,Chun Yang,Zhaofeng Zhang,Zuoxi Huang
BACKGROUND Hericium erinaceus, also known as lion's mane mushroom, is a widely distributed edible and medicinal fungus in Asian countries. H. erinaceus harbors diverse bioactive metabolites with anticancer, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and neuroprotective properties. Although the chemical synthesis processes of these bioactive metabolites are known
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Biochemical responses of rice roots to cold stress. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-07-14 Ching Hsin Hsu,Yi Ting Hsu
BACKGROUND Cold stress is the main factor that reduces rice yield in subtropical areas, especially at the seedling stage. Most of the current studies on cold stress focus the responses of rice shoots to cold stress. Limited studies are available on that of rice roots to cold stress. This study aimed to illustrate the biochemical responses of rice root under cold treatment, and subject to the establishment
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Studies of a rice sterile mutant sstl from the TRIM collection. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-07-12 Chia-Ling Chang,Jerry C Serapion,Han-Hui Hung,Yan-Cheng Lin,Yuan-Ching Tsai,Wann-Neng Jane,Men-Chi Chang,Ming-Hsin Lai,Yue-Ie C Hsing
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the main crops in the world, and more than 3.9 billion people will consume rice by 2025. Sterility significantly affects rice production and leads to yield defects. The undeveloped anthers or abnormal pollen represent serious defects in rice male sterility. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of male sterility is an important task. Here, we investigated a
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Spike developmental stages and ABA role in spikelet primordia abortion contribute to the final yield in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-07-12 Faiza Boussora,Mohamed Allam,Ferdaous Guasmi,Ali Ferchichi,Twan Rutten,Mats Hansson,Helmy M Youssef,Andreas Börner
BACKGROUND Salinity is a significant environmental stress factor limiting crops productivity. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a natural tolerance to salinity stress, making it an interesting study object in stress biology research. In the present study, for the first time the effect of salinity stress on barley inflorescence developmental stages was investigated. Five spring barley genotypes irrigated
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Molecular identification and expression of sesquiterpene pathway genes responsible for patchoulol biosynthesis and regulation in Pogostemon cablin. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-07-04 Yun Tang,Liting Zhong,Xiaobing Wang,Hai Zheng,Likai Chen
BACKGROUND Many commercially important drug and flavor compounds are secondary metabolites of terpenoid origin. Pogostemon cablin, a commercially important industrial and medicinal crop, accumulates abundant patchouli oil comprised of more than 24 unique sesquiterpene compounds, with the most abundant being patchouli alcohol. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the P. cablin transcriptome library, obtaining
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Effects of light intensity and plant growth regulators on callus proliferation and shoot regeneration in the ornamental succulent Haworthia. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-07-04 Yen-Ming Chen,Jian-Zhi Huang,Ting-Wen Hou,I-Chun Pan
BACKGROUND Haworthia are desert succulents belonging to the Asphodelaceae family. Haworthia species are cultivated commercially as ornamentals and some rare species are quite valuable at retail market but growth slowly and difficult to propagation. However, an efficient micropropagation protocol was remained insufficient. RESULTS The organogenic cultures obtained from inflorescence explants were cultured
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Anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities of demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin in vitro and reductions of oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced BALB/c mice in vivo. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-06-30 Yuh-Hwa Liu,Tai-Lin Lee,Chuan-Hsiao Han,Yi-Shan Lee,Wen-Chi Hou
BACKGROUND There were few report concerning anti-glycation and antioxidant activities of the minor amounts of components in curcuminoids, demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin, in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The bovine serum albumin/galactose of non-enzymatic glycation models, radical-induced hemolysis, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were studied in vitro, and the D-galactose-induced
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Characteristics of mitosis in the gametophyte cells of the marine green alga Monostroma angicava. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-06-22 Yusuke Horinouchi,Tatsuya Togashi
BACKGROUND Some marine algae exhibit several characteristics of mitosis (e.g., the timing of mitosis such as diurnal periodicity) that are unique from those of land plants. Not only the timing but also other characteristics of mitosis, including the process itself and the number of chromosomes involved, are largely unknown in ulvophycean marine green algae. Effective mitotic inhibitors are useful for
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CAM plasticity in epiphytic tropical orchid species responding to environmental stress. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-05-16 Shawn Tay,Jie He,Tim Wing Yam
BACKGROUND To counteract its dramatic species endangerment caused by extensive loss of habitat, Singapore is currently re-introducing into nature some of the native orchids to conserve and improve their germplasm. A main challenge of re-introduction is growing and establishing these plants under natural conditions, which are semi-arid with periodic drought. In this study, six native species were examined
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Embryology of Anoectochilus roxburghii: seed and embryo development. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-04-24 Yuan-Yuan Li,Zhi-Xia Meng,Ying Zhang,Shun-Xing Guo,Yung-I Lee
BACKGROUND Anoectochilus roxburghii is known for its medicinal properties, culinary interests, and ornamental applications in Asian countries. Recent studies focus mainly on its phytochemical properties and little is known about its reproductive biology, especially seed and embryo development. This study documents the major developmental events in seed and embryo development of A. roxburghii upon pollination
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The specific status of Melastoma kudoi (Melastomataceae, Melastomeae). Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-03-30 Jin-Hong Dai,Che-Wei Lin,Qiu-Jie Zhou,Chun-Mei Li,Ren-Chao Zhou,Ying Liu
BACKGROUND Melastoma has undergone rapid species radiation during the last one million years, and circumscription of some species in the genus has remained controversial. Melastoma kudoi, an erect species narrowly endemic to central Taiwan was previously treated as a synonym of M. intermedium, a semicreeping hybrid between the erect species M. candidum and the creeping M. dodecandrum, making its identity
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Inheritance of foliage color of common rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos (L.)) subspecific hybrids. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-03-16 Kaitlin Barrios,John M Ruter
BACKGROUND Common rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos (L.)) is a native wetland perennial taxon that has been widely used as an ornamental landscape plant for several decades. Its showy blooms, attractive form and foliage, and hardiness attracted the attention of plant enthusiasts, leading to extensive hybridization and subsequent selection of superior genotypes. Red foliage color is a desirable trait
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Antimicrobial and iNOS inhibitory activities of the endophytic fungi isolated from the mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-03-15 Wei-Chiung Chi,Ka-Lai Pang,Wei-Ling Chen,Guei-Jane Wang,Tzong-Huei Lee
BACKGROUND Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis (Acanthaceae) is an old world mangrove species and has long been used as a folk remedy for treating various ailments in traditional medicine. The nature source of A. ilicifolius var. xiamenensis is now in short supply because of the urban development and habitat destruction. To better utilize this resource, biodiversity and bioactivity of endophytic
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Bayesian inference of environmental effects on seaweed production in Japan via a production-environmental suitability model. Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-02-02 Hungyen Chen
BACKGROUND Both natural and human-induced disturbances are commonly responsible for an overall decrease of the world's seaweed. Along Japan's coastal areas, edible seaweed production has been decreasing for decades. In this study, a production-environmental suitability model to estimate the impacts of environmental factors on seaweed production was developed. The developed model not only estimates
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Effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for callus and roots of halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). Bot. Stud. (IF 2.163) Pub Date : 2019-01-09 Hau-Hsuan Hwang,Chih-Hao Wang,Hsiao-Huei Chen,Jia-Fang Ho,Shin-Fei Chi,Fan-Chen Huang,Hungchen Emilie Yen
BACKGROUND Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is a model plant for studying salt-tolerant mechanisms in higher plants. Many salt stress-responsive ice plant genes have been identified with molecular and biochemical approaches. However, no further functional characterization of these genes in host plant due to lack of easy and effective transformation protocols. RESULTS To establish efficient