ABSTRACT ‘Sushuai’ is a disease-resistant apple variety. Transcriptome sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes mainly in the metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant–pathogen interactions, and plant signaling transduction pathways. The jasmonate/ethylene signaling pathway and WRKY transcription factors (especially WRKY75 genes) played important roles in improving Alternaria

ABSTRACT Soil salinization is one of the causes of the decline of the available cultivated land. By improving the salt tolerance of vegetables, the abandoned salinized land can be effectively utilized, saving the arable land for major crops. We investigated the salt tolerance of hundreds of Chinese cabbage cultivars, by which the two most tolerant and sensitive cultivars were selected and studied by

ABSTRACT In their natural environment, plants live in close interaction with complex populations of microorganisms, including rhizobacteria species commonly referred to as ‘Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria’ (PGPR). A growing body of evidence demonstrates the importance of sugar transport in plant pathogen resistance and in plant-microorganism mutualistic symbioses. Using an in vitro experimental

ABSTRACT This work was aimed to study the opportunity of transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), expressing the gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1 (cecP1) to be inhabited with associative microorganisms Methylobacterium mesophilicum and Pseudomonas aureofaciens. Previously, resistance was demonstrated to the microbial pathogens:Erwinia carotovora B15, Pseudomonas syringae, Fusarium oxysporum

ABSTRACT Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is recognized as a toxic gaseous pollutant. However, an appropriate concentration of NO2 can promote the growth of plants. In this study, tobacco was exposed to different concentrations of NO2. The results that 1, 4, and 8 μL L−1 NO2 fumigation increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and light energy utilization capacity parameters

ABSTRACT In this study, transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing a potato gene (D43), encoding Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were studied. The D43 plants exhibited improved morphological parameters and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments compared to wild-type (WT) plants under salinity stress conditions. In addition, the D43 transgenic plants showed significantly reduced electrolyte

ABSTRACT Rhizospheric bacteria may induce resistance to plant diseases. However, the underlying plant resistance mechanisms are unclear. We demonstrated the potential ability of the rhizobacterial strain Bacillus subtilis IAGS174 to elicit systemic resistance in tomato plants against Fusarium wilt pathogens. Comparative biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses were conducted to screen the

ABSTRACT Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) family members control histone acetylation levels to regulate gene expression and play significant roles in microbe interactions and abioticstress responses. However, the HAT and HDAC family members in citrus have not yet been identified, and their responses to drought (abiotic stress) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is an important element for plant and bacteria growth. The response of bacteria to P transformation into adsorbed forms and their interaction with plants remain unclear. In this study, the mechanisms involved in P adsorption in plants and bacteria were analyzed by a RNA-seq technology. A phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) Acinetobacter sp. strain M01 was used in the transcriptome

ABSTRACT Decades of research have revealed notable similarities between the immune systems of the plant and animal kingdoms. Liquiritin has long been used to stimulate the body immunity in animals against an array of diseases. Considering the homology of some induced immune responses between animals and plants, we examined the effects of exogenously applied liquiritin to stimulate defense responses

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of Cd and Zn exposure on the photosynthetic function and the tolerant mechanisms of ROS metabolism in tobacco leaves. The results showed that the photosynthesis inhibition caused by Cd exposure was due to the limitation of both stomatal and non-stomatal factors, while Zn exposure only showed a significant effect on the Gs of tobacco leaves. Cd increased the generation

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is crucial for sugarcane crop to get economical sugar and biofuel throughout the world, and low nitrogen use efficiency is the main issue of sugarcane because of high nitrogen losses. In this experiment, physio-morphological, growth, and biochemical traits were observed for sugarcane genotypes (nitrogen inefficient-GT11 and efficient GXASF180-1-11) under 0.05 and 5 mMN levels at 5

ABSTRACT Management of broomrape (Orobanche crenata Fosk.) that causes important damages on lentil production becomes a veritable concern in the Mediterranean region. Eighty lentil accessions were evaluated for resistance to O. crenata under field and controlled conditions. Both genotypes ILL6415 and ILL7723 expressed the highest resistance level under field and pot experiment with low Orobanche infestation

ABSTRACT Cold stress is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity. Plants have evolved various strategies to adapt to these environmental conditions. To better explain the mechanisms used to survive environmental challenges, we retrieved the cold-responsive genes of Arabidopsis thaliana from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO raw data were normalized by

ABSTRACT This study investigates differential responses of Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia candel mangrove species, using physiological capacitance (CP), photosynthetic, and growth parameters under different salt stress and re-watering conditions. Experiment was conducted at various NaCl levels. The Results indicated that CP was significantly affected in stress phase due to the limitation of salt

ABSTRACT Phytophthora palmivora has a broad range of host plants. The expression of its pathogenicity-related genes in causing black pod rot disease on cacao in Indonesia has not been studied yet. This research was conducted to recognize relative expression of those genes using qPCR analysis. In planta experiment was carried out by inoculating representative three isolates on model plant (Nicotiana

ABSTRACT The effects of exogenous γ-glutamic acid (GABA) on photosynthetic gas exchange capacity, PSII function, proline (Pro) synthesis and ROS metabolism of tobacco leaves under cadmium (Cd) stress were studied. The results showed that both stomatal and non-stomatal factors were the important factors to limit the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves under Cd stress. Pro accumulation and glutathione

ABSTRACT Crop improvement can be facilitated through efficient gene transfer, leading to pRAP plasmid development. Comparative hairy root transformation results from 24 previously published articles examining 29,756 roots show a 70% transformation efficiency. Average gene overexpression was 11.24-fold and −3.84-fold in RNAi roots. New studies show Glycine max BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1)

ABSTRACT The use of nanoparticles in the appropriate portion to increase plant growth and development is an ongoing biological process. However, its exposure in an inconsiderable proportion become stressful and plant uses diverse regulatory mechanisms such as gene expression and miRNAs regulation to attain their cellular homeostasis. This study documented the influence of MgO NPs on genes and miRNAs

ABSTRACT Plant rhizosphere zones are hotspots for microbial diversity consisting of different communities when contrasted with surrounding bulk soils. Rhizosphere microorganisms play significant roles in plant development. We investigated the bacterial community and metabolic potentials of maize rhizosphere and bulk soils at two distant geographical locations in the North West Province of South Africa

(2021). Statement of Retraction. Journal of Plant Interactions: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 246-246.

ABSTRACT As changes occur in climate, abiotic stress to agricultural production is an inevitable threat to farmers’ ability to meet an increasing demand to feed people. Plants have developed a stress tolerance mechanism to reduce the effects of such environmental conditions by engaging various stress-responsive genes. Accordingly, various signal transduction networks are used to fabricate stress tolerance

ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) causes destructive wilt disease to banana cultivation. However, knowledge of mechanisms in virulence regulation of Foc TR4 is still inadequate. In our previous work, two hypothetical FocCP1 proteins that belong to the cerato-platanin (CP) family were identified in the secretome of Foc TR4. In the present study, knock-out mutants of

ABSTRACT To understand stress response mechanisms, a multiple stress-responsive gene OsPM1 with a disordered region containing about 30 amino acid residues was screened by microarray. Promoter region analysis using PlantCARE showed this gene contains multiple cis-regulatory elements responding to abiotic stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR and promoter-GUS transgenic plant analysis verified that OsPM1

ABSTRACT The study assessed the individual and interactive role of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and nitric oxide (NO) against excess copper (Cu) concentrations. Excess Cu significantly reduced growth and photosynthesis, although the application of ASA and NO significantly mitigated the reduction with much visible effect in their combination. The oxidative effects of Cu have been evident as increased

ABSTRACT In soybean, studies on drought-responses are conducted during vegetative season. Information related to genes triggered in response to water-deficit (WD) in flower and pod is lacking. We performed an RNASeq and an agro-physiological characterization at stages R2 and R4 of soybean cultivar BR16, under WD. Physiological results showed a decrease in gas exchange parameters. Agronomical results

ABSTRACT The Hessian fly causes severe economic losses in host wheat. The genome complexity of hexaploid wheat makes functional characterization of candidate defense genes extremely challenging. Kitaake rice, a model and simpler genome, exhibits responses resembling nonhost resistance to Hessian fly. Larvae feeding on Kitaake rice plants do not develop beyond first-instars similar to resistant host

ABSTRACT The study describes the impact of microwave radiation on the germination rate and growth of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra). The two okra varieties, viz. Meenaxi-371 and Soniya-1402, were used for the experiment. Their seeds were exposed to 0–14 h (h) of microwave radiation (9.3 GHz). Non-irradiated seeds (0 h exposure) served as control. We found that microwave radiation on seeds

ABSTRACT The rate of improvement of sugar content in sugarcane remains low for decades worldwide. Our previous transcriptome studies provided an atlas of sucrose accumulation-related gene expression, but little is known about the proteins involved. Here, we conducted a proteomic analysis of experimentally altered sucrose accumulation in sugarcane. Analysis of stem proteomes of sugarcane ripener ethephon

ABSTRACT Cytochrome P450 genes are involved in the catalysis of various reactions, including growth, development and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. However, little is known about the characteristics and functions of the P450 gene family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). In this study, we identified 258 non-redundant members of the cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in

ABSTRACT Type III effectors play a vital role in the establishment of symbiosis. In this study, positive and negative effects of NopT on nodulation were detected in 30 soybean germplasms. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to nodule number were identified and their responses to NopT in recombinant inbred lines and chromosome segment substitution lines were evaluated. Ten QTL were identified

ABSTRACT Thermal stress (TS) can be detrimental to tomato crop at different growth stages and is accounted by the generation of highly fatal reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the effects of Trichoderma koningii ITCC 5201 (TK) were investigated on the tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants under TS. TS elevated SOD, POD, PPO PAL, and Proline activity in the present study. However

ABSTRACT Histone monoubiquitination has an important role in the regulation of DNA replication, repair, and transcription in plants. Here, we report the molecular function of wheat histone H2B monoubiquitination enzyme 2 (TaHUB2). The full length of TaHUB2 contains a Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain and its encoded protein was localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm. We also find TaHUB2 directly

ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in agricultural soils is becoming a serious threat in tomato. The complete removal of these heavy metals (HMs) from contaminated soil is challenging. However, the use of plant endophytes might be beneficial. The pragmatic role of endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus (Ch-01) in tomato under Cd and Cr stress was, therefore, investigated. A. flavus enhanced growth

ABSTRACT Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is a virus transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus (L. striatellus), which poses a serious threat to rice production. P10, a major outer capsid protein of RBSDV, which plays a key role in viral infection. In this study, two L. striatellus transmission-related proteins, novel cuticular protein (NCuP) and receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK), were

ABSTRACT The herbaceous layer plays a crucial role in afforestation and could provide important information in the process of restoration. Thus, we investigated herbaceous communities (composition and diversity), related factors (soil properties and topography), and their interactions in the afforestation of the ‘Grain-for-Green’ program in the transition zone between the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and

ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria can form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with a broad range of plant species. Unlike other plant-bacteria symbioses, little is understood about the immunological responses induced by plant cyanobionts (symbiotic cyanobacteria). Here, we demonstrated that the model plant-symbiotic cyanobacteria, Nostoc punctiforme is capable of protecting against programmed cell death (PCD) when induced

ABSTRACT 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is recognized as the key aromatic compound in fragrant rice, however, the effect of light quality on rice aroma is not fully understood. In this study, two fragrant rice varieties (Xiangyaxiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan) were grown under four light quality treatments (CK: natural light, L1: red light, L2: blue light and L3: combined light). Results depicted that L1

ABSTRACT This study aimed to elucidate the chemical response of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) to interspecific competition by rye (Secale cereale L.). Hairy vetch plants were grown as target plants in a mixture with different densities of rye plants (0, 1, 2, and 4). Twelve flavonoids in the shoot, root, and root exudate of hairy vetch plants were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem

ABSTRACT This study investigated the plant growth-promoting effects of Leclercia adecarboxylata MO1 for Zn stress mitigation and plant growth improvement in Zn-contaminated soil. Results demonstrated that L. adecarboxylata MO1 produced siderophores that could solubilize Zn and silicate, had a tolerance to elevated levels of Zn supplementation (2 and 5 mM) in growth mediums, and produced significant

ABSTRACT Smut, the most important sugarcane fungal disease in China, is caused by Sporisorium scitamineum. Smut infection causes severe cane and sugar yield loss. Whole-plant resistance response is characterized by the expression of a large number of pathogenesis-related proteins and genes. Here, proteomic analysis by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification was conducted to identify differentially

ABSTRACT To probe the mechanism of action of NaCl in regulating drought adaptation in Medicago sativa, we pretreated M. sativa with different concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) of NaCl, then studied the effects of NaCl pretreatment on water content, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic function, and membrane peroxidation of M. sativa plants subjected to drought stress. Although pretreatment with

ABSTRACT Sugarcane is a leading biofuel crop besides being a source of crystal sugar and biomaterials worldwide. This study chiefly focuses on the role of diazotrophic bacteria isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere exhibiting different plant growth-promoting traits and biocontrol activities. Several bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere soil samples of four sugarcane cultivars. Out of

ABSTRACT In this study, annual Magnolia denudata seedlings were treated with a 200 mmol L−1 NaCl solution. Na+ content in its stems increased by more than about 24 times after 72 h and K+ content in leaves basically maintained in a steady state. MdeSOS1, isolated from M. denudata, comprised a 3453-bp ORF and included 12 transmembrane structures within its N terminal and a hydrophilic tail in its C-terminal

ABSTRACT Tomato is an important crop and has immense health benefits and medicinal value. Here, we described how salinity stress affects tomato plant growth and developmental processes and productivity. It causes ionic toxicity, oxidative damage, osmotic stress, and hormonal imbalance. In this review, we emphasized the crucial role of ethylene (ET) towards in vitro development of tomato crop by mediating

ABSTRACT Salt stress is considered one of the major constraints limiting plant growth. Here, tomato plants were grown in hydroponic culture with two salt sodium chloride concentrations (S1 = 2.8 dS m−1 and S2 = 4.8 dS m−1). Under salt treatment, a significant decrease in chlorophyll content index and shoot and root dry weight were observed. We found that copper (Cu) was accumulated significantly in

ABSTRACT Formate is produced, in plants, by various biochemical pathways and it is degraded by Formate Dehydrogenase FDH, in presence of NAD+, into CO2 and NADH. FDH has been proposed as one of the enzymes regulating molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) homeostasis. Here we explored the impact of FDH perturbation on Mo and Fe plant nutritional status and FDH relevance on the plant responses against abiotic

ABSTRACT Opening and greening are main characteristics of morphogenesis of cotyledons. For revealing interrelationship between metabolism and morphogenesis, metabolic shifts were analyzed in cotyledon of A. membranaceus seedlings with different stages in light and in darkness. Light induced 69 metabolites (MA), related to cotyledon greening; additional 89 metabolites (MB), related to cotyledon opening

ABSTRACT Brassinosteroids (BRs) are well recognized for their defensive role in plants under abiotic stress conditions, but 28-homobrassinolide (HBR)-induced tolerance to drought stress has not been reported in soybean (Glycine max L.). The present study investigated the effect of HBR on soybean seedlings under drought stress. Drought stress suppressed growth and photosynthetic systems while increased

ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate the oviposition responses of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on maize plants exposed to Brachiaria brizantha Stapf following oviposition by C. partellus and nonexposed maize. Two Kenyan maize landraces (Jowi and Nyamula), Latin America landrace (Cuba 91) and WH505 (hybrid variety) (control) were studied. The result demonstrated that C. partellus deposited

ABSTRACT Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen of small grain cereals causing both Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR). Exogenous application of phytohormones has been shown to affect FHB resistance. In contrast to FHB, FRR remains poorly characterised and it is unknown whether phytohormones play similar roles in FHB and FRR. In this present study, B. distachyon floral tissues

ABSTRACT Bacterial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase is a key factor for alleviating the plant ethylene biosynthesis, which is induced by stress. The ACC deaminase-improved strains of the rice endophytic Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2, SUTN9-2 (ACCDadap) and SUTN9-2:pMG103::acdRS, exhibit 1.4- and 8.9-fold higher ACC deaminase activity than the wild type, respectively (Sarapat S, Songwattana

ABSTRACT Plant growth and crop productivity has been adversely affected by salt stress around the world. Arabidopsis root is an important model to demonstrate how the glycophyte adapts to salt stress. To better understand the salt-responsive genes in Arabidopsis root, a rank aggregation method has been applied to disclose 836 dysregulated genes including 449 upregulated and 387 down-regulated genes

ABSTRACT This study investigates the sources of water under four modes, namely, normal fields, Raised Fields, single agriculture in Raised Fields, and agroforest system in Raised Fields, by using a combination of δ18O, δ2H and δ13C and their effects on crop yield and water use efficiency. The results show that the soil electrical conductivity of Raised Fields during summer maize seasons was lower than

Abiotic stresses limit the plant growth and productivity. Plants have developed various responsive mechanisms to survive these adverse environmental conditions. To better understand plants how to adapt environmental stress, we retrieved the Arabidopsis root responsive genes related to eight abiotic stresses (salt, cold, drought, osmotic, UV, wounding, heat, and heavy metal stresses) from the Gene Expression

Interactions between plants are complicated: they can change resource availability, the proportion of resources acquired and the efficiency of resource use. This can eventually lead to changes in stand yield, but the driving mechanisms remain controversial. This study aimed to clarify the effects of mixing on stand yield. We established 120 mixed and pure plots of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis)

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was considered as a biotechnological tool for plant stress tolerance improvement and degraded ecosystem restoration. However, the variations in the effects of AMF species and abundance on plant performance under stress condition have to be still investigated. The study was conducted to evaluate the mechanisms of five AMF species, single or mixture, on Leymus

ABSTRACT In this study, the impacts of exogenous melatonin on freezing stress mitigation in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings (30-days old) were investigated. Our results showed that in pistachio seedlings under freezing stress antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll degradation, proline and soluble sugar and γ-aminobutyric

ABSTRACT Plants can be severely affected by heat stress due to rapid environmental changes. Use of endophytic fungi is a new tool to protect crops from the environmental stresses. Here we claim a potent endophyte isolated from Sonchus asper L. The aim was to explore the stress adaptive mechanism of sunflower and soybean mediated by Aspergillus niger (SonchL-7) under high temperature. Inoculation with

ABSTRACT Plant-specific CDF genes encode a class of transcription factors which play crucial roles in plant flowering, especially in photoperiod-regulated flowering. But little is known about the potential functions of MdCDFs during flower induction in apple. In this study, 11 putative MdCDFs were identified and named systematically. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a functional and structural similarity