On the cover: ‘Madsen’ wheat and one of its progeny lines. See A.H. Carter et al., “How ‘Madsen’ has shaped Pacific Northwest wheat and beyond,” https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20049. Photo by Arron Carter.

‘Butta 12’ (Reg. no. CV‐371, PI 692639) is the first malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the University of California to complete plant‐scale malting evaluation and to be brewed successfully by scores of craft brewers. In cooperation with Admiral Maltings, Alameda, CA, Butta 12 has been malted and marketed primarily under the names Gallagher's Best, Feldblume, and Admiral Pils for all‐malt

The New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar ‘Acala 1517‐21’ (Reg. no. CV‐144, PI 693757). Acala 1517‐21 was derived from a single plant selection in F3 from a bi‐parental cross between LA05307029 and AU‐5491. This new cultivar was tested in eight replicated field trials in New Mexico in 2012–2017 and 21 tests across 12 states

The development of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars with improved grain yield and excellent test weight is necessary to increase the profitability of oat production. ‘Natty’ (Reg. no. CV‐385, PI 676027) was developed by the South Dakota State University (SDSU) oat breeding program and was released in 2014. The pedigree of Natty is SD020701//SD030888/ND030349. Natty exhibited high grain yield potential

‘Georgia‐19HP’ (Reg. no. CV‐141, PI 693908) is a new high‐yielding, high‐protein (HP), high‐oleic, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistant, root‐knot nematode (RKN) and leafspot resistant, virginia‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. It was developed at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment

‘S14‐15138GT’ (Reg. no. CV‐537, PI 693754) is a late maturity group IV (relative maturity 4.8) indeterminate high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] cultivar with glyphosate and sulfonylurea tolerance developed and released in 2017 by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center soybean breeding program. S14‐15138GT is an F4 plant selection from the cross ‘S09‐10871’ × ‘S08‐9727RR1’

The hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cultivars ‘Purple Bounty’ (Reg. no. CV‐12, PI 648342) and ‘Purple Prosperity’ (Reg. no. CV‐11, PI 654047) were released in 2007 and 2008, respectively, by the USDA–ARS in collaboration with the Rodale Institute and the agricultural experiment stations of Pennsylvania State University and Cornell University. Hairy vetch is a commonly used annual legume cover crop

‘S14‐9017GT’ (Reg. no. CV‐536, PI 693755) is a Maturity Group V high‐yielding glyphosate‐tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] cultivar developed and released in 2017 by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center Soybean Breeding Program. S14‐9017GT was developed by conventional breeding from a cross between ‘LD07‐3419’ and ‘S08‐9727RR1’. The parent S08‐9727RR1 is a breeding line that

‘Curiosity CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1167, PI 675007; PVP 201500290) is a soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar carrying two‐gene tolerance to imazamox herbicide that was developed and released by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University in October 2013. It was tested under the experimental designations EBC2F3‐3‐18 and WA008143. Curiosity CL+ was developed using

With climate variation common in the U.S. Great Plains and particularly in Nebraska, wheat growers prefer broadly adapted cultivars. ‘NE10589’ (Reg. no. CV‐1165, PI 675998) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed cooperatively by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA–ARS and released in January 2015 by the developing institutions. NE10589 was released primarily

There are numerous traits that soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars require to be successful in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. High yield potential, high grain volume weight, acceptable end‐use quality, winter hardiness, resistance to Cephalosporium stripe, and high falling number are just a few of the desired traits. Although many of these traits are driving factors toward releasing

‘Hilliard’ (Reg. no. CV‐1163, PI 676271), a soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and tested as VA11W‐108 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in March 2015. Hilliard was derived from the cross ‘25R47’/‘Jamestown’. Hilliard is widely adapted, from Texas to Ontario, Canada, and provides producers with a mid‐season, medium height, awned, semi‐dwarf (Rht2)

‘Flathead’ (Reg. no. CV‐1164, PI 693237) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. Flathead was derived from a composite of two very closely related single crosses of the predominant cultivar ‘Yellowstone’ to stripe rust resistant source PI 640431, a hard white spring wheat backcross derivative of WA007900 that

Common bean rust, Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) are devastating diseases of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Central America and the Caribbean. The development of dry bean cultivars with enhanced levels of genetic resistance to these and other diseases is an important goal of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR)

USDA‐N6004 (Reg. no. GP‐441, PI 692264) is a conventional, late maturity group (MG) VI soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm developed to increase the diversity of the genetic base of applied soybean breeding in North America. This germplasm was released by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in September 2019. USDA‐N6004 traces 50% of its pedigree to the large‐seeded

The release of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) germplasm lines VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐28 (Reg. no. GP‐1048, PI 691656), VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐99 (Reg. no. GP‐1049, PI 691657), and VA11DH‐P46xTrib‐103 (Reg. no. GP‐1050, PI 691658) is intended to provide breeders with genetic material having exceptional milling and baking quality performance. The quantitative nature of milling and baking performance

A single Revolute‐Leaf mutant peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Reg. no. GS‐12, PI 693753) was identified in 2012 within a preliminary yield trial plot of GA 112702, an unreleased runner‐type breeding line, at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plains Experiment Station's Gibbs Research Farm in Tifton, GA. Revolute‐Leaf mutants have not been previously identified in the parental lines of GA 112702

The Louise‐Penawawa spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population (Reg. no. MP‐13, NSL 535038 MAP) was developed from a cross between the elite soft white spring wheat cultivars ‘Louise’ and ‘Penawawa’ at Washington State University. The population is composed of 180 RILs developed through single seed descent from the F2 to the F5 generation. The population and

An international effort was initiated with the evaluation of a diverse set of large‐seeded Andean common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the Andean Diversity Panel, in sub‐Saharan Africa. Several entries in the panel have been selected for extensive characterization on the basis of high performance across multiple location × year trials in Tanzania—conducted both on station and on farm. Baetao‐Manteiga

The USDA announces the release of cultivar ‘AlkarXL’ (Reg. no. CV‐286, PI 691611) tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] for use on semiarid rangelands and irrigated pastures that receive a minimum of 350 mm of average annual precipitation on alkali soils. AlkarXL is a 10‐clone synthetic that originated from 56 plant introductions from the National Plant Germplasm System

‘Bobcat’ (Reg. no. CV‐1161, PI 693235) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2019. Bobcat is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of two related single crosses made in 2007: MT0598/98X366‐E29‐1 and 01X258‐C1/MT0598. MT0598 is an unreleased, hollow‐stem experimental line, and 98X366‐E29‐1 and

Hessian fly is among the major pests of wheat (Triticum spp.) around the world. We evaluated 18 tetraploid (4X) or durum accessions [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren], which were sourced from the USDA‐ARS National Small Grains Collection. Two of the most virulent strains of Hessian fly, vH9 and Biotype L, were used to assess the reaction of germplasm to larval attack. A susceptible

‘CP 09‐1385’ (Reg. no. CV‐194; PI 691535) sugarcane, a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp., was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA–ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League. It was selected from a biparental cross made at the USDA–ARS Sugarcane Field Station in Canal Point, FL, in December 2006 using the cultivars ‘CP 01‐2459’ as the female parent and

‘CP 11‐2248’ (Reg. no. CV‐193, PI 692134) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was developed by the USDA–ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc., and released to Florida growers for organic (muck) soils in June 2018. CP 11‐2248 was developed from a polycross made at Canal Point, FL, on 16 Dec. 2009, with a breeding line CP 06‐2664 as the female parent. The

‘StandClear CLP’ (Reg. no. CV‐1162, PI 693236) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and exclusively licensed to Loveland Products, Inc., in 2020. StandClear CLP is a two‐gene Clearfield, semisolid‐stem wheat intended for use with the selective imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide imazamox. StandClear CLP resulted from

In 2012, a single Spear‐shaped Leaf mutant peanut (Reg. no. GS‐11, PI 693219) (Arachis hypogaea L.) plant was identified in a breeding trial plot of ‘Georgia‐06G’ at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station's Gibbs Research Farm in Tifton, GA. It was believed to be a spontaneous mutation; an inheritance study examining segregation in an F2 population concluded single gene inheritance

Recently, an Albino‐Virescent Leaf peanut plant (Reg. no. GS‐10, PI 693218) (Arachis hypogaea L.) was identified in an F10 advanced breeding line, GA 082524, at the University of Georgia, Gibbs Research Farm in Tifton, GA. GA 082524 was the result of a three‐way cross between ‘Georgia‐02C’ × (‘Georgia‐01R’ × ‘COAN’). Similar to GA 082524, the Albino‐Virescent Leaf peanut genetic stock has high‐oleic

USDA‐N7004 (Reg. no. GP‐438, PI 692263) is a conventional late maturity group VII soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm with good yield potential, elevated seed protein content, and 25% exotic pedigree from Japanese cultivar Tamahikari (PI 423897). USDA‐N7004 was jointly released as a non‐GM germplasm by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in September 2019. USDA‐N7004

On the cover: Dr. Robert Bowden with stem rust resistant wheat germplasm on left, susceptible recurrent parent on right. See M.J. Guttieri et al., “Registration of hard white winter wheat germplasms KS14U6380R5, KS16U6380R10, and KS16U6380R11 with adult plant resistance to stem rust,” https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20004. Photo by Mary Guttieri.

It is never known how well new cultivars will perform under commercial production until they are released and grown across different environments. Every cultivar released has a different impact on the region for which it was intended. Some cultivars are in commercial production for only a few years, whereas others are cultivated for decades. ‘Madsen’, a soft white winter wheat released in 1988 for

‘Fritz’ (Reg. no. CV‐370, PI 678422), a two‐row spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed and tested as 2004NZ151, was released in 2016 by Washington State University (WSU). It was derived from a complex cross: ‘Apexant.499’/‘Alexis’ (Ca 803111)//‘Baronesse’ (2000NZ304)/3/‘Cellar’ and selected through the single‐seed descent method to F4. Fritz was tested in field trials in Pullman, WA

‘Coho’ light red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. no. CV‐330, PI 692133), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2019 as an upright, full‐season cultivar that possesses acceptable canning quality and partial resistance to common bacterial blight and root rots. Coho was developed using the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection

The banded sunflower moth is one of the most pervasive insect pests of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in North America, in large part due to its ability to overwinter in cold climates. The goal of this research is to provide germplasm containing resistance to infestation by the banded sunflower moth while retaining valuable traits, such as imidazolinone herbicide tolerance and high oleic acid content

A spring wheat nested associated mapping (NAM) population, KUWNSr (Kenyan and U.S. wheat nested association mapping population for stem rust resistance), was developed at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. KUWNSr (Reg. no. MP‐12, NSL 533796 MAP, experimental designation SrNAM) was primarily developed to genetically characterize stem rust resistance as the 10 male parents—nine Kenyan and

‘UI Bronze Jade’ (Reg. no. CV‐1160, PI 691501) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station in 2019. It was developed from the cross ‘UI Silver’(PI 658467)/IDO660 using a modified bulk breeding method and selected in F4:6 yield plots. UI Bronze Jade was tested as the experimental number A0709W‐44 from 2014 to 2017 and as IDO1706

‘MN‐Clearwater’ (Reg. no. CV‐287, PI 692651) is the world's first commercial food‐grade intermediate wheatgrass [IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey subsp. intermedium] grain cultivar. It was developed as a synthetic population at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, and released in August 2019. Intermediate wheatgrass is a perennial grain crop currently undergoing domestication

Genotypic variance is necessary for trait improvement because limited diversity can reduce genetic gains in crop improvement. To maintain genetic diversity, a wealth of germplasm exists in the USDA‐ARS sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] collection, but most of the accessions are not adapted to temperate climates. To address this issue, the Reinstated Sorghum Conversion program (RSC, ∼2009–2014)

‘UA212ne’ (Reg. no. CV‐143, PI 692970) is a conventional, nectariless cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2018. The cultivar represents an ongoing effort to develop improved genotypes having enhanced yield, yield components, earliness, host plant resistance, and fiber properties. The nectariless trait effectively reduces population

‘Ace’ (Reg. no. CV‐329, PI 691530) is a small‐seeded cultivar of forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] that was developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Overton, TX. Ace is intended for use in wildlife supplemental plantings, cover cropping systems, and hay production systems. Forage cowpeas are widely used in Texas and the U.S. southern region as supplemental plantings for white‐tailed deer

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), as a native crop, has numerous insect pests that cause economic damage to producers in the United States. The red sunflower seed weevil is a notable seed‐infesting insect pest throughout the U.S. sunflower growing region that is controlled only by insecticides; therefore, growers would benefit from host‐plant resistance to help mitigate the economic costs associated

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines R10‐2436 (Reg. no. GP‐439, PI 692971) and R10‐2710 (Reg. no. GP‐440, PI 692972) are high‐yielding and drought‐tolerant conventional germplasm released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in February 2017. R10‐2436 and R10‐2710 have a relative maturity of 5.6 and 5.8, respectively. R10‐2436 is an F4–derived line from the cross R01‐52F × R02‐6268F, and

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill.] cultivar ‘Lázaro’ (Reg no. CV‐331, PI 692612) was developed in the United States at the Isabela and Lajas Research Substations at the University of Puerto Rico in collaboration with researchers at the University of California, Riverside. Lázaro was derived from the bi‐parental cross ‘2B‐Bushy’/OP‐61 and traces back to the selection of F2 individual plants insensitive

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar ‘TN15‐5007’ (Reg. no. CV‐535, PI 692131) is a conventional (non‐genetically modified) cultivar released by the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019 on the basis of high seed yield in Tennessee, the Mid‐South, and southeastern regions of the United States. It was developed to create a high‐yielding cultivar with high meal protein. TN15‐5007 was

Resistance to the Ug99 group of races of the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is limited in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm adapted to the Great Plains of the United States. Our objective was to generate regionally adapted hard winter wheat germplasm with combinations of adult plant resistance genes that are expected to provide durable resistance. KS14U6380R5 (Reg. no

Hessian fly (HF; Mayetiola destructor Say) causes severe damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Several resistance genes have been identified in wheat and wild relatives; however, HF populations are under strong selection pressure and evolve rapidly to overcome resistance. To ensure the availability of resistance sources, HF‐resistant germplasm KS18WGRC65 (TA5110, Reg. no. GP‐1042, PI 688251)

‘ND Falcon’ pinto bean (PVP‐201900174, Reg. no. CV‐326, PI 690446) is a new cultivar developed by the Dry Edible Bean Breeding Program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Pinto bean is the most important dry bean market class in the United States. North Dakota is the largest producer of dry bean in the country, where ∼50% of production

Six mutant lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with superior fiber quality were developed by the Department of Plant and Soil Science at Texas Tech University at Lubbock, TX, and released in 2019. Additional evaluations were conducted at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, and at the USDA‐ARS, Crop Genetics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS. Three of the lines, TTU 1‐817 (Reg. no. GP‐1076, PI

GP‐VT NC 01 (Reg. no. GP‐238, PI 691613) is a virginia‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) with good agronomic characteristics and improved drought tolerance. GP‐VT NC 01 was tested under the experimental designation N05006. Replicated yield tests started in the F6 generation in North Carolina in 2005. From 2008 through 2010, GP‐VT NC 01 was tested in replicated trials in

Starch is the leading component of wheat (Triticum spp.) grain and flour. Six hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.) near‐isogenic lines (NILs), WQL19WX7A (Reg. no. GS‐192, PI 691847), WQL19WX4A (Reg. no. GS‐193, PI 691848), WQL19WX7D (Reg. no. GS‐194, PI 691849), WQL19WX7A.A4 (Reg. no. GS‐195, PI 691850), WQL19WX7A.7D (Reg. no. GS‐196, PI 691851), and WQL19WX4A.7D (Reg. no. GS‐197, PI 691852), were developed

‘ND Whitetail’ (Reg. no. CV‐327, PI 690447; PVP‐201900175) is a new white kidney bean cultivar developed by the dry bean breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Within the Andean gene pool, kidney beans are the most economically important market classes worldwide, with dark‐red kidney bean being the most commonly grown class

‘ND Pegasus’ great northern bean (PVP‐201900176, Reg. no. CV‐328, PI 690448) is a new cultivar developed by the dry bean breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Great northern bean is a market class of significant economic importance in the United States. In North Dakota especially, biotic and abiotic stresses are the main

‘KS Venada’ (Reg. no. CV‐1159, PI 690467) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed at the Agricultural Research Center–Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2018. KS Venada was selected from a single cross HV9W05‐415W/Fred‐2‐18‐2 made in 2007 at Hays, KS. The objective of this cross was to develop a hard white winter wheat cultivar

On the cover: ‘DALZ 1308’ Zoysiagrass. See Chandra, et al.

Leafhoppers (Empoasca spp.) cause significant yield reductions in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and are a particularly important constraint for organic producers. Genetic resistance would benefit both conventional and organic dry and snap bean production threatened by leafhopper damage. Improvement of Empoasca kraemeri leafhopper resistance in tropical germplasm has been successful, but resistance

Increasing demands for irrigation and declining water availability are becoming critical issues in the Texas High Plains, the primary cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growing area of the United States. Developing breeding lines suitable for water‐limited production is an important objective of the Texas A&M AgriLife Research cotton breeding program in Lubbock. CA 4007 cotton germplasm (Reg. no. GP‐1062

The conventional (non‐genetically modified) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm line R11‐7999 (Reg. no. GP‐436, PI 691646) was released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2018 because of its high seed protein content and high yield potential. R11‐7999 is an F4 selection from the cross between the Tennessee cultivar ‘5002T’ and the Arkansas advanced breeding line R00‐2097. Trial

The New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar ‘Acala 1517‐20’ (Reg. no. CV‐142, PI 691836). Acala 1517‐20 was derived from a single plant selection in a biparental cross between an unreleased upland line NM 010368 and a Chinese cultivar ‘Jimian 958’ that is resistant to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum,

‘DALZ 1308’ (Reg. no. CV‐285, PI 691612) is a first‐generation interspecific hybrid developed in 2004 by crossing a genotype of Zoysia minima (Colenso) Zotov and Z. matrella (L.) Merr. ‘Diamond.’ After field evaluations in Dallas, TX (2004–2009) and Gainesville, FL (2006–2008), DALZ 1308 was selected for advancement to the 2013 Warm‐season Putting Greens National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP)

The New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of a glandless ‘NuMex COT 17 GLS’ cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Reg. no. CV‐141, PI 691837), which carries the incomplete dominant glandless allele Gl2e. NuMex COT 17 GLS was derived from an advanced backcross progeny of a cross between the Gl2e allele donor ‘Bahtim 110’ (G. barbadense L.) and glanded upland cotton ‘CRI 12’, followed

‘Dagmar’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV‐1158, PI 690450) was released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station because of its excellent yield potential in dryland areas of Montana, solid stems, and superior end‐use quality. Dagmar was a selection from the cross MT1133/MT1148 and was tested as experimental line MT1621. Dagmar has similar grain yield potential to ‘Vida’