The most common leguminous plants’ diseases are caused by soil-borne pathogens leading to important economic losses worldwide. Strains L1 and L8, belonging to Aureobasidium pullulans species, were tested in vitro and in vivo as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Rhizoctonia solani (Rs1) (AG-4) and as plant growth promoters (PGPs). The non-volatile metabolites produced by L1 and L8 strains inhibited the

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional proteins that play important roles in cellular detoxification as well as in plant growth and development. Here, we cloned a new rice tau class GST gene, OsGSTU6, and evaluated its roles in regulating cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance of rice. OsGSTU6 is located both in the cytosol and nucleus of cells. The transcripts of OsGSTU6 were detected in the

Tolerance to deacclimation is an important physiological feature in plants in the face of global warming, which is resulting in incidents of increases in winter temperatures. The aim of the work was to explore how disturbances in the signalling and synthesis of brassinosteroids (BR) influence the deacclimation tolerance of barley. One group of mutants and their reference cultivars (Bowman and Delisa)

In the present study, the structural and permeability properties of the Tilia miqueliana seed coat were primarily explored through the scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), paraffin section detection (PSD), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and germination experiments. This found that the seed coat of Tilia miqueliana seeds exhibits two functions. On the one hand

A common modern cultivation practice is bagging the fruit bunch if date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) which may influence fruit maturity and nutraceutical quality. Exposure of fruits to photooxidative stress induces changes in the endogenous concentrations of plant hormones and other metabolites, which may cause accelerated fruit maturity. This study was conducted to examine the effect of exposure

NaCl and polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) stressors are the major limitation factors for successful seedling establishment in rice. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of UV-B priming on the augmentation of stress tolerance in tolerant and sensitive rice seedlings exposed to NaCl and PEG stresses. The result shows that the severity of drought than salinity stress was experienced

Cuticular wax is an important factor that affects storage quality of fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have shown that cuticular wax of pears changes significantly during storage, whereas there are few studies on the effects of different storage methods on the wax changes and the relationship with storage quality. Cuticular wax of Korla pear stored using different methods, was measured to analyze

Clarifying the characteristics of photoassimilates transport and distribution to the fruits from leaves located on different branches can guide the branch composition and pruning of apple trees. A field experiment was carried out in 6-year-old ‘Fuji’3/M26/Malus hupehensis Rehd. apple trees, and the 13C-labeled tracer method was used to study the growth characteristics of the leaves on different branches

Isatis indigotica Fort. is a popular herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It possesses pharmacological activities against various diseases, particularly leukemia. Indigoid alkaloids are its main bioactive ingredients. A relatively low nitrogen supply increases indigoid content in I. indigotica leaves, yet the mechanisms that regulate indigoid biosynthesis are unknown. To uncover regulatory mechanisms

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in figure legends. The figure legends were misplaced due to an editing error. While Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5 were shown at the correct position, the figure legends should be rearranged as follows. The original article has been corrected.

Gibberellic acid (GA) and sulfur (S) have been known to modulate physiological processes of plants in normal and stressful conditions. Cultivars of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), Pusa Vishal, PusaRatna, Pusa 9531, Ganga, and MH 318 were screened for photosynthetic S-use efficiency (p-SUE) and growth in presence of 200 mg Cd kg−1 soil. Pusa 9531 showed maximum p-SUE, growth, and Cd tolerance. The mechanism

Ceropegia media is an endemic and endangered plant as its propagation through seeds is unreliable due to low germination, slow growth and seedling decay under natural conditions. Also, tubers of this plant are edible serving as carbohydrate source with medicinal values leading to severe population decline in the natural habitat. To provide a sustainable solution, an efficient in vitro propagation protocol

Anthropogenic activities in the past and present eras have created global warming and consequently a storm of drought stress, affecting both plants and animals. Being sessile, plants are more vulnerable to drought stress and consequently reduce plant growth and yield. To mitigate the effects of drought stress on plants, it is very crucial to determine the plant response mechanisms against drought stress

Algal extracts provide a safe regime for enhancing crop productivity under stressful conditions. The present study evaluated the efficiency of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma in alleviation of salt stress on germination of rice seeds. Firstly, seeds were germinated using the aqueous extract of D. dichotoma at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 g L−1, prepared

Root lengthening is regarded as a strategy for rice to adapt to the low phosphorus level. Namely, by increasing the length and surface area of root, rice has an opportunity to enhance its phosphorus adsorption efficiency under low phosphorus conditions. The relationship between main root lengthening of rice seedlings under low phosphorus conditions with the endogenous hormone contents and expression

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are well-ascertained growth regulators that play prime roles in alleviation of a stress in plants. The current investigation determined the impact of epibrassinolide (EBR) applied as seed pretreatment on growth attributes, physiological attributes and antioxidant potential of tomato plants grown under Cr(VI) metal stress. Applications of EBR were found to be effective in improving

Silicon (Si) is the most copious element of existence in the lithosphere but still it has not been added into the essential element list. The imperative role of Si in triggering growth and development of plants has been identified. It is of paramount importance in regulating overall physiological and metabolic characteristics of the plants. Being considered as a non-essential element, it has been known

Studies have shown that the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or exogenous melatonin (MT) can alleviate drought stress and improve plant growth, but the additive effects of both treatments on plants grown under drought stress are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment to investigate the effects of AM inoculation (Funneliformis mosseae BGC XJ01) and/or MT application

The sex types of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) flowers are occasionally alterable. The feminizing agents such as ethrel, 5-azacytidine, a mixture of exogenous zeatin (ZT), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were injected into androecious wild persimmon trees. Different concentrations of masculinizing exogenous gibberellin (GA3) were injected into gynoecious ‘Jiro’ cultivar trees

The effects of an inhibitor (Abz-E3M) of abscisic acid (ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which is a primary enzyme of ABA catabolism, on dehydration tolerance and root formation in grape cuttings under drought conditions were investigated. Cuttings of ‘Kyoho’ grape (Vitis labrusca L. × Vitis vinifera L.) were sprayed with 100 μM of Abz-E3M and subjected to water deficit conditions at the stage when their first

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a gaseous diffusible plant growth regulator. It plays an important role in growth and development of plants. Therefore, in present study mustard plants were sprayed with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (0, 10–4 M, 10–5 M and 10–6 M), a donor of NO, at 25 days after sowing to assess different physiological parameters. The results indicate that foliar spray

Soil salinity is an environmental stress severely impacting on rice grain yield. However, limited information is available on how salinity affects expression levels of genes determining grain yield. In this study, we investigated agronomic traits associated with grain yield among three japonica rice cultivars grown either under moderate salinity with an electrical conductivity of 4 dS/m or under non-saline

Sweetness is one of the key factors determining peach fruit quality. To better understand the molecular basis of gibberellic acid (GA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) interference with sugar biosynthesis, a middle-late maturing commercial cultivar, ‘Jinxiu’ yellow peach fruit, was treated with three different concentrations of GA4+7 and four of NAA. Fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solids,

Biosynthesis of certain secondary metabolites, as a relief response to the severe environmental stress of the mediterranean summer, is a major reaction of the plants thriving in areas with mediterranean-type climate. Some of these compounds are of great importance to both humans and the environment. Tracing of certain secondary metabolites, after the exposure of Olea europaea L. individuals to stressing

Evaluation of the effects of 24-epibrassinoide (24-EBL) was done on two genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants (salt tolerant-RD-2508 and salt sensitive-RD-2660) grown under combined stress of salinity and potassium deficiency. Salt-stressed (200 mM NaCl) and K-deficient plants were subjected to different concentrations of 24-EBL (1 ppm, 100 ppm, 1000 ppm) to analyse its effect on combinatorial

Low sunlight intensity from mid-June to mid-July in Southern China is the primary environmental factor that affects maize grain development. A field trial was conducted in 2016–2017 to investigate the effects of post-silking shading (i.e., 30% and 50% light deprivation using black net covers; ambient light as control) on grain filling, abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents, starch

Acid rain causes significant damage to rice plants, affecting the photosynthetic machinery and growth. 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is an organic steroid, which, used at low concentrations, positively regulates plant growth and mitigates deleterious effects related to environmental changes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exogenous treatment with 24-epibrassinolide can alleviate the negative

Among engineered nanomaterials designed for sustainable crop production, water-soluble fullerene derivatives offer unique properties with broad biological applications. In this paper, the role of fullerenol in amelioration of iron (Fe) deficiency (the most common and widespread nutrition disorder) in Cucumis sativus (a Strategy I plant) was investigated. Cucumber plants were grown hydroponically, either

The potential of plant nutrients (such as sulphur, S) and phytohormones (such as salicylic acid, SA) has been explored in isolated studies by researchers in controlling the impact of abiotic stresses such as salinity in plants. However, information is scanty on the major mechanisms underlying the role of S and/or SA in modulation of enzymes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation, GOGAT cycle, and antioxidant

Plant biofibers are of great economic and commercial importance. Among various fiber producing crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), and jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) are of prime importance. Fibers harvested from these crops are of fine quality and have a significant commercial value worldwide. Owing to multiple

Plants face different types of stresses, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Among various abiotic stress, low-temperature stress alters various morphological, cytological, physiological, and other biochemical processes in plants. To thrive in such condition’s plants must adopt some strategy. Out of various strategies, the approach of using plant growth regulators (PGRs) gained a prominent role

Gibberellins (GAs) are a group of plant hormones that play important roles in various processes. Previous studies demonstrated that GA can increase the cellulose content and lignification of plant tissues. However, the effects of altered GA levels on carrot root development have not been fully characterized. In this study, carrot roots were treated with exogenous GA3, after which thickened cell walls

Nickel (Ni) element is strongly phytotoxic at high concentrations for several plants, but due to its dual behavior and complicated chemistry, it has received little attention in plant nutrition and relevant experimental data are limited. The current research was carried out to study the effect of Ni on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and phytoextraction potential with EDTA assistance, a process termed as

Glutathione-dependent root growth in Arabidopsis is linked to polar auxin transport (PAT). Arabidopsis mutants with reduced glutathione (GSH) levels also show reduced PAT. To gain an insight into the relationship between PAT and GSH level, we analyzed tomato polycotyledon mutant, pct1-2, which has enhanced PAT. Microarray analysis of gene expression in pct1-2 mutant revealed underexpression of several

Despite countless papers on plant tissue culture, few have assessed the transcriptional changes that occur in a developing explant from the moment it is cut and plated, and during early stages of development. In this study, the mRNA profile of in vitro potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets derived from internode stems was assessed via four comparisons during five time intervals (0 h, 24 h, 48 h,

We aimed to explore the factors affecting seedling regeneration in Tetracentron sinense by investigating the effects of light intensity and ground cover on seedling regeneration of T. sinense through controlled seeding experiments under simulated natural environmental conditions. Three levels of light intensity (equivalent to 100%, 50% and 10% of the natural light intensity, respectively) and three

Indica–japonica intersubspecific tetraploid rice is a useful germplasm that has greater biological and yield potentials than diploid rice. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the stress effects of indica–japonica intersubspecific tetraploid rice in response to ion implantation are not fully understood. In this work, indica–japonica intersubspecific tetraploid rice seeds were implanted

Salinity adversely affects growth and yield of crop plants. Plants respond to salinity using a series of physiological and biochemical mechanisms through an orchestrated regulation of many genes. Halophyte species have attracted attention of plant biologists to explore their salinity tolerance mechanisms. This knowledge may provide novel routes to improve salinity stress tolerance in crop plants resulting

The present investigation aimed to determine the salt tolerance level of six already selected elite clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis. The response of individual shoot cultures was evaluated on basal MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM) for 28 days. The increase in NaCl concentration affected the survival of microshoots along with inhibition

Light is a vital environmental factor that can affect the synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in grape berries. However, the mechanism through which light affects the synthesis of VOCs is still unclear for wine grapes. In our study, fruit bags with light transmittances of 50%, 15%, 5%, and 0% were used to bag the ‘Marselan’ clusters 45 days after flowering, and these treatments were named

Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the critical environmental factors that induce leaf senescence, and its occurrence may cause the shorten leaf photosynthetic period and markedly lowered grain yield. However, the physiological metabolism underlying N deficiency-induced leaf senescence and its relationship with the abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in leaf tissues

To evaluate the interaction between foliar application of salicylic acid and Bradyrhizobium inoculation on the morphophysiology of cowpea under water stress conditions, four genotypes (BRS Rouxinol, BRS Marataoã, BRS Aracê and BR 17 Gurguéia) were subjected to five combinations of water availability: 100% replacement of crop evapotranspiration (control); 50% replacement of crop evapotranspiration (water

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently been widely used as light sources for the cultivation of plants in controlled environments. However, before LEDs can be used as the sole light source, it is imperative that soybean (Glycine max) response to light quality be well characterized. The objective of the present work was to investigate how soybean seedlings respond to different blue (B) and red (R)

The immune response against pathogens, both in plants and animals, relies on a complex recognition system of danger signs. This system is based on the recognition of exogenous molecules termed Microbe- or Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs), and endogenous signals called “Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns” (DAMPs). This review will focus on DAMPs, which are molecules with a normal

We quantitatively evaluate the effects of UV-C radiation on bean seeds Oti (Phaseolus vulgaris), their germination and phenolic compounds of seedlings, by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that (i) The photoacoustic signal produced by the bean seeds exposed to UV-C radiation during 15 min, reduces from 0.24 to 0.10 mV for the wavelengths of 295 and 340 nm

Although some investigations show that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) participates in plant stress tolerance, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in ALA-induced improvement in tolerance to salt stress in plants necessitates to be understood. So, a NO scavenger, 0.1 mM 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO); was applied jointly with ALA. Of four ALA concentrations

African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides DC., Geraniaceae) is a herbaceous perennial plant with well-known medicinal properties. In the present study, the effect of elicitation by methyl jasmonate (MeJ) (25, 50, and 100 µM) and sucrose (15 and 30 g/L) on the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and the production of pharmaceutically active coumarin (umckalin) and phenolics (gallic, vanillic, and p-coumaric

Fruit skin color is an important characteristic of fruit quality. The light-mediated regulation on fruit skin coloration in Actinidia arguta remains unclear. To better understand the role of light in fruit skin coloration, we performed bagging treatments in both on-tree and off-tree ‘Hongbaoshixing’, which is a kind of all-red-typed A. arguta cultivar. Non-bagging kiwifruits were used as control. For

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an ideal model plant for studies on non-climacteric fruit ripening. Although much progress has been made towards understanding the molecular mechanism of strawberry fruit ripening regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), little is known about the interactions between members of the FaPYR/PYL and FaPP2C families. Here, using RNA-seq, qPCR, and yeast two-hybrid analyses,

The beneficial roles of melatonin (Mel) and gibberellic acid (GA3) in the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, osmoregulation, and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification and antioxidant system were studied in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Five Star) seedlings under NaCl stress. The exogenous application of Mel (100 µM) and GA3 (1.4 µM) together more efficiently affected growth performance of seedlings

Low light intensity is always the important factor that influences the growth and development of Brassica pekinesis during winter seasons. We have found out that appropriate ammonium/nitrate ratio mitigated low light intensity in the previous study. In the present study, the nitrogen metabolism and proteomic responses of Brassica pekinensis to light intensities and ammonium/nitrate were further investigated

Catharanthus roseus is a great medicinal plant used for treating diseases such as cancer, as it contains different biochemicals including terpenoids. Salinity is a major stress, significantly decreasing the growth and yield of medicinal plants, worldwide. However, to our knowledge, there is not any data on the growth improvement in C. roseus seedling under salinity stress using the priming techniques

Owing to water scarcity and environmental hazards of synthetic fertilizers, reducing water and chemical N fertilizers is very urgent for sustainable agriculture. Thus, two field experiments were conducted to understand the physiological role of Azolla filiculoides Lam. extract (AE), as a promising biofertilizer, in enhancing growth, physiology, yield, N uptake efficiency (NUpE), N use efficiency (NUE)

Sour cherry ‘Latvijas Zemais’ (Prunus cerasus) is a promising dwarfing rootstock for sweet cherries in Latvia, but low growing rate of newly propagated sour cherry plants limits their use. Plum rootstock PU 20651 was selected from hybrids of P. cerasifera and P. salicina ssp. usuriensis recently. The aim of our study was to estimate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis

The functions of l-isoleucine (Ile) in anthocyanin biosynthesis were investigated in apple fruit. Whole trees (Malus × domestica Bokh.) were treated with Ile or n-propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ), which is a jasmonic acid (JA) analog, 20 and 30 days before harvest. Both Ile and PDJ treatments stimulated anthocyanin formation at 30 and 35 days after treatment (DAT). The expressions of MdUF3GT and MdMYB1

The sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) have been shown to play critical roles in the response to environmental stresses in higher plants. Although the SnRK2 genes family has been identified in various plants, little is reported regarding SnRK2s in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), which is one of the most important crops for both food and sugar production. In the current study

Atmospheric humidity, defined as the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), is an important factor affecting plant transpiration and nutritional status. Previous work has focused on the relationship between VPD and nitrogen metabolism; however, little is known about potassium (K) responses to VPD. Here, we investigated the effects of VPD and K supply on root morphology, potassium uptake, and plant growth with

This study evaluated the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates in enhancing upland rice growth and yield. Bacteria were isolated, screened for growth-promoting activities in vitro, biochemically identified, and tested under screenhouse conditions at the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). Isolates exhibited growth-promoting activities, such as indole-3-acetic acid

Oxidative stress due to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in Vigna radiata seedlings, and stress amelioration with treatment of methanol extract of Rhododendron arboreum leaves was observed in the present study by analyzing growth parameters, stomatal morphology, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, histological analysis, pigment contents, Cr metal uptake, elemental analysis, and antioxidant analysis. Chromium

Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the factors limiting crop productivity worldwide. As major forms of N, nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) regulate plant growth as signals. Although there are abundant studies on the response of many plants to N stress, the mechanism by which wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots adapt to low N, especially to low-NH4+ stress, has not been fully elucidated. In this study