An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261721110011

Abstract The microbiota of chicken litter remains largely unexplored, despite its leading role in the formation of volatile odorants and unpleasant odors. One of the main components of the odor is hydrogen sulfide, which may be formed as a result of microbial sulfate reduction. The composition of the microbial community of poultry plant waste was investigated. Samples were collected at the Mezheninovskaya

Abstract Excessive application of inorganic N-fertilizer for agricultural crop production may result in environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. Although cyanobacteria are widespread in soil, the response of cyanobacterial communities to long-term impact of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in an upland agricultural soil has been insufficiently studied. In this study, the response of a soil cyanobacterial

Abstract— The work was aimed at detection of potential degraders of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and steel 20 based on comparison of the taxonomic composition of the biofilm communities formed on these materials immersed in aqueous environments of diverse origin (marine, natural freshwater, and industrial) in different climatic regions. The libraries obtained by high-throughput

Abstract Screening of gut flora of the estuarine water fish ‘Chelon parsia’ for the presence of potential antibiotic producers resulted in finding a new strain Bacillus subtilis PP2. Further investigations focused on the active principle deduced that the molecule is a peptide class of antimicrobial agent with m/z of 1006.66. The culture condition optimization with improved combination and concentration

Abstract— This article discusses the system of green microalgae of the clade Parachlorella, based on morphological, ecological, and molecular genetic data. The diagnostic characteristics of the selected genera and species and the systematic position of some taxa are discussed. Phylogenetic analysis of the Parachlorella-clade has shown that, despite the relative simplicity of morphology, it is characterized

Abstract The functional activity of different phylogenetic variants of the transcriptional activator of nitrogen fixation genes in the cells of root nodule bacteria (rhizobia) of different taxa was analyzed. For this purpose, recombinant strains of root nodule bacteria of the genera Mesorhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), and Rhizobium were created using genetic engineering constructs based on the

Abstract Diversity of methano- and methylotrophic bacteria in enrichments from the oxidized sediment layer maintained at 10°C in mineral media with nitrogen compounds (\({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) and \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\)) and methanol was studied using high-throughput sequencing of the V2–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Methanotrophs of the bottom sediment belonged to the order Methylococcales,

Abstract— At an elevated copper content, the viability of Azospirillum baldaniorum on wheat seedling roots and the number of cells colonizing the roots and forming biofilms depended on the physicochemical properties of the lipopolysaccharides ( LPSs) synthesized by these bacteria. Compared to the strain Cal+ LpsI LpsII A. baldaniorum strain Sp245, its mutants Cal– LpsI– KM252, Lps II– KM139, and Cal–

Abstract— Based on strains of various ecological and geographical origins, we studied intraspecific polymorphism of the wild yeast Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, the closest relative of the cultured dairy yeasts K. lactis and K. marxianus. Using microsatellite typing, phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the ITS1/ITS2 internal transcribed spacers and of the mitochondrial gene COX2, we found

Abstract— The hydrocarbon-oxidizing potential, ability to synthesize biosurfactants, and resistance to ecologically significant factors were studied for the following previously isolated degrader strains: Acinetobacter seifertii WS-1, Pseudomonas extremaustralis WS-1, Dietzia maris 367-2, Rhodococcus qingshengii 367-6, and Gordonia cholesterolivorans S12. The studied strains were able to act as hydrocarbon

Abstract— Up to now, ability of prokaryotes to grow on lipids has been shown only for bacteria. Thermococcus sibiricus, member of the phylum Euryarchaeota isolated from a high-temperature oil well and capable of growth on olive oil, is the only exception. The present work reports isolation of a pure culture of a strictly anaerobic archaeon, strain 3639Fd (=VKM B-3509, =KCTC 25228) from a Kamchatka

Abstract— Yeast populations were investigated for the following substrates associated with termitaria of five termite species occurring in the Cat Tien National Park (south Vietnam): nest walls, fungal gardens (if present), and termite gut and body surface, as well as for the litter and upper soil horizons near the termitaria. The morpho-physiological properties of the yeasts isolated from associations

Abstract— The possible nitrogen sources for Osc. trichoides DG6, a typical strain of the Oscillochloridaceae family, are ammonium, N2, glutamate, asparagine, glycine, and glutamine. The assimilation of molecular nitrogen occurs with the participation of nitrogenase, the structural gene of which, nifH, is located in the gene cluster which also includes the genes of the nifD and nifK nitrogenase subunits

Abstract Lactobacilli are able to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) with a wide diversity in structure and composition. However, changes in EPS production under environmental challenges are largely unknown. Here, to examine our hypothesis that EPS biosynthesis in lactobacilli is modulated by environmental conditions, we quantified and characterized the EPSs produced by Lactobacillus plantarum VAL6

Abstract— Slow-growing, hard-to-cultivate prokaryotes require special conditions for laboratory cultivation. The difficulty in cultivation may often prevent depositing the new isolates in the culture collections in order to validate their taxonomic status. The sulfate-reducing firmicute “Desulforudis audaxviator” strain BYF, has been isolated from a deep thermal borehole in West Siberia. In this study

Abstract— Two strains were isolated, Achromobacter sp. NE1 (GenBank MW132988) and Brevundimonas sp. 242 (GenBank MW132989), which possessed a unique ability to use lindane and the intermediates of its a-erobic biotransformation, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (strain NE1) and 2,5-dichlorophenol (strain 242) as a sole source of carbon and energy. The strains were found to contain the linA gene encoding dehydrochlorinase

Abstract— Hydrogen is a key energy-yielding substrate for microbial processes in the deep biosphere. Fracture water of a deep gold mine in South Africa is a well-known example of the ecosystem based on a hydrogenotrophic sulfate reducer, “Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator.” The present work reports the cultivation and pure culture isolation of a novel obligate chemolithotroph reducing sulfate during

Abstract Many microorganisms readily form microbial biofilms whose resistance to antimicrobial compounds is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the planktonic form. One such genus is the yeast Candida, whose species include both human commensals and opportunistic pathogens that are the cause of many fungal infections. Increasing efforts are therefore made to find substances that could replace

Abstract— The review discusses the present-day data on the biochemistry, bioenergetics, and genetics of acetogens, as well as their biotechnological potential. Acetogens are anaerobic gram-positive bacteria capable of growth on gaseous substrates: CO2, CO, H2. These bacteria have a characteristic biochemical pathway of CO2 reduction to acetyl-CoA, termed the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway or the Wood‒Ljungdahl

Abstract— The review summarizes the results of recent studies of microbial communities of the Lake Baikal sediments obtained using diverse techniques. In the sediments of the areas of stable sedimentation metabarcoding revealed predominance of members of the phyla Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria (including Betaproteobacteriales), Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Thaumarchaeota, which

Abstract Manufacture of fermented foods/products, which, apart from basic nutrition, have health-promoting effects, is flourishing. Within the field of fermented foods, rapidly expanding is the area of probiotics. Probiotic bacteria are gaining growing attention in the last two decades as a result of the constantly increasing scientific evidence of their beneficial effects on human health. In the current

Abstract— This is the first report on investigation of bacterioplankton taxonomic composition in the Rybinsk Reservoir by molecular biological methods. A total of 58 nucleotide sequences obtained were assigned to 26 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which belonged to Eubacteria (24 OTUs) and Eukaryota (2 OTUs). The diversity of bacterioplankton was represented by seven phyla of eubacteria: Proteobacteria

Abstract— High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was used to investigate the taxonomic diversity of the bacterial community inhabiting the fruiting bodies of the myxomycete Lycogala еpidendrum. Members of 31 bacterial genera belonging to six phyla were revealed. The phylum Proteobacteria predominated in the microbiome, with Pseudomonas and Luteibacter as predominant genera. Analysis of the taxonomic

Abstract The distribution and properties of the pectinase-encoding PGU genes in different species of Saccharomyces yeasts was studied. Application of molecular karyotyping and Southern hybridization revealed that S. arboricola, S. cariocanus, S. cerevisiae, S. kudriavzevii, and S. paradoxus species had a single PGU gene located on chromosome X. The other three species had polymeric PGU genes of different

Abstract Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a cell-to-cell signaling molecule that is commonly detected by an AI-2 bioassay with the Vibrio harveyi reporter strain BB170. However, the assay is affected by certain factors that can lead to inaccurate test results. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish the optimum method for detecting AI-2 by evaluating the effect of culture conditions for BB170, the

Abstract— Methane oxidation rates and diversity of methane-oxidizing microorganisms were studied in the upper sediment layers of the Laptev Sea (methane seep area, Lena fore-delta, shelf, and upper slope not affected by seeps and river flow). The highest methane concentrations and methane oxidation rates (up to 1.16 µmol СН4 dm−3 day−1) were revealed at the seep stations. Carbon dioxide was the main

Abstract— Presence of the cell wall glycopolymer rhamnan was established for members of the genus Curtobacterium (family Microbacteriaceae) by using chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. The rhamnan with the repeating unit, →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, was found in C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens VKM Ас-1923T, C. flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae VKM Ас-1924T, C. pusillum VKM Ac-2099T, C. herbarum

Abstract— According to their sensitivity to Wickerhamomyces anomalus mycocins, Cyberlindnera spp. may be subdivided into two groups, one comprising heterothallic species with hat-shaped ascospores and another containing homothallic ones with Saturn-shaped ascospores. Type strain of a species, its synonyms and anamorphs have identical reactions to mycocins.

Abstract— Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) of the genus Desulfovibrio are one of the groups occurring in elevated numbers in the gut of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Until now, high abundance of Desulfovibrio in individuals with RAS has been shown only by molecular methods. No cultured forms have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of autists. A conceivable mechanisms of

Abstract— From a technogenic soda sludge storage, 58 cultures of alkalitolerant bacteria with amylase, lipase, protease, and cellulase activities were isolated and identified using a medium with selective substrates in the absence of extreme conditions (pH 8) and a rich medium with pH 11 without selective substrates. The effect of pH and NaCl concentration on the growth and hydrolytic activity of Pseudomonas

Abstract— The cultures assigned to the genus Thermoanaerobacterium according to the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were isolated on CM3 and GS2 media at 55°С from two laboratory methanogenic thermophilic cellulolytic microbial communities producing biogas from various paper substrates. Cellulolytic activity was shown for three isolates grown on solid and in liquid media with microcrystalline

Abstract— The mechanisms of biocontrol action of the strains Pantoea brenneri AS3 and Bacillus ginsengihumi M2.11 were investigated. The ability of the strains to release ammonium and cyanide ions was established, as well as their cellulase and protease activity and ability to fix nitrogen and to mobilize soil phosphates and phytates. The strains were able to synthesize siderophores, with their maximum

Abstract— In a model experiment, the transformation of microbial complexes of cultivated saprotrophic bacteria and yeasts during freezing-thawing was studied in various natural substrates that are used to create soil constructions for urban landscaping and for growing herbaceous plants. The number of saprotrophic bacteria and yeasts depended both on the type of substrate and on temperature changes

Abstract— Lactobacillus fermentum 39 is a well-known probiotic strain, which is widely used for production of pharmacopoeial probiotic preparations, dietary supplements, and foodstuffs enriched with probiotic microorganisms. In the course of analysis by transmission electron microscopy, the cell morphology was studied, biochemical properties of the strain and strain-specific characteristics of sugar

Abstract— Comparative study of methanogen diversity and potential activity of different methanogenic pathways in the sediments of young thermokarst and mature polygenetic Yamal lakes was carried out. The hydrogenotrophic pathway of methanogenesis played an important role in methane formation in thermokarst lakes. The acetoclastic and methylotrophic pathways were also revealed there. In a polygenetic

Abstract— Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies are an important model for studying the multifaceted interactions between a multicellular organism and its microbiome. The nature of these interactions is largely determined by the regular changes in abundance and composition of the microbiome that occur during the host’s life. The currently available data on age- and life cycle stage-related changes in

Abstract— The regulatory protein encoded by the rosR gene is involved in the processes of adaptation of root nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum to changes in environmental conditions. It affects the expression of a number of genes associated with the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, which play a critical role in formation of bacterial biofilms on various surfaces. The goal of this work was to

Abstract We investigated the fate of Escherichia coli in natural waters, addressing survival, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, changes in phenotype and genomic diversification under laboratory microcosm environment. Five E. coli isolates (three marine, one clinical and one laboratory strain) were inoculated in microcosms of sterile distilled water, as well as, water collected from river, pond

Abstract— The work presents characterization of antibiotic-resistant strains isolated by direct plating of five samples collected at different treatment stages from the Pushchino water treatment facilities in April 2015. Primary analysis of resistance of the collection (~800 strains) to the following antibiotics was carried out: carbenicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, chloramphenicol

Abstract— The taxonomic diversity and metabolic activity of microbial communities in the Laptev Sea water column above and outside the methane seep field were studied. The concentrations of dissolved methane in the water column at both stations were comparable until the depth of the pycnocline (25 m). At this depth, local methane maxima were recorded, with the highest concentration (116 nM CH4) found

Abstract In this study, a total of seventeen (17) waterborne, biofilm-producing isolates of Escherichia coli were used. The population analysis showed that biofilm consortia harbour three different phenotypes e.g. smooth surface phenotypes (SSP), rough surface phenotypes (RSP) and small colony variants (SCVs). The SSP was hydrophilic and the initiator of biofilm formation processes in response to environmental

Abstract— Accurate strain identification within the Pantoea genus is difficult due to homologous recombination, which may affect the species boundaries. An integrated approach is presently the most effective one in determining the species of bacteria. Biochemical identification using the API20E system, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, and MLSA analysis based on partial sequences

Abstract— Formation of a community of phosphate-accumulating microorganisms in a laboratory sequential batch reactor (SBR) ensuring alternated aerobic and anaerobic conditions during periodic removal and addition of the medium were investigated. The bioreactor removed 50% phosphorus from the incoming medium after 22 days from the start-up. Microscopy and X-ray microassay revealed the of cells of diverse

Abstract— The goal of the present work was to study the dependence of the rate of copper and zinc bioleaching from an arsenic-containing copper-zinc concentrate containing 16% Cu, 5.3% Zn, and 1.36% As, on the temperature and the presence of an organic carbon source (yeast extract) in the medium. The main minerals of the concentrate were chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), tennantite (Cu12As4S13), sphalerite (ZnS)

Abstract Among the living organisms, microscopic fungi are unique in their ability to occupy diverse ecological niches due to the evolutionarily formed mechanisms of adaptation to a broad range of climatic and technogenic factors. One approach to understanding the mechanisms of adaptation to changing environmental conditions is associated with lipid metabolism. The review provides a critical analysis

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of a new Pantoea agglomerans strain P324 was studied by chemical and biological methods. Mild acid hydrolysis of the LPS resulted in lipid A and O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) fractions. Studies by negative-ion mode HR ESI mass spectrometry showed heterogeneity of the lipid A, the major form being a hexa-acylated derivative containing biphosphorylated GlcN disaccharide

Abstract In this work, we report on the halophilic bacterium Halobacillus blutaparonensis strain M9, which was isolated from a preserved Brazilian restinga, as a producer of alkaline serine peptidases with potential application as additives for biotechnological purposes. Gelatin-zymography assay revealed the presence of the major peptidase of 70 kDa and two minor ones (50 and 40 kDa) secreted by the

Abstract Methane is an important greenhouse gas. Prediction of its long-term effect on climate changes requires understanding of the sources of its release into the atmosphere. The present work aimed to review the most widely used modern methods for measuring microbial production and emission of methane in soils, and to assess their applicability to various microbial ecosystems. A classification of

Abstract— The composition and structure of the cell wall glycopolymers of Paenarthrobacter species (P. aurescens VKM Ac-1105T, P. histidinovorans VKM Ac-1978T, and P. nicotinovorans VKM Ac-1988T, previously assigned to the genus Arthrobacter) were studied. All strains under study were found to contain a neutral polysaccharide, (1 → 6)-linked β-D-galactofuranan with the 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-α-glucopyranose

Abstract— Bacilli control behavioral reactions such as motility, biofilm formation, production of enzymes and metabolites, differentiation, and others by integrating a variety of environmental signals through a complex regulatory network. In the natural environment, Bacillus subtilis exists predominantly in the form of biofilms, which has made it an ideal model for studying the molecular strategy of

Abstract— Azospirillum brasilense forms biofilms on various surfaces. It was previously shown that inactivation of the ahpC gene of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase in the SK586 mutant of A. brasilense Sp245 led to an increased sensitivity to peroxides and to changes in flagellation, motility, and cell surface properties. This work revealed that under nitrogen limitation, Sp245 switches predominantly

Abstract Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) can block the quorum sensing system and might be useful in therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infections. To explore the anti-quorum sensing actinomycetes from marine habitats, in this study, a marine actinobacterium exhibiting strong anti-quorum sensing activity was isolated from marine sediment and identified as Nocardiopsis dassonvillei JS106. Effects of

Abstract The present study was designed to determine the antioxidant potential of extracellular and intracellular metabolites of 130 macro/microfungi isolated from different parts of Turkey. To decide precisely and accurately, firstly, the sample ratio in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reaction mixture, culture medium, cultivation mode and extraction method of antioxidants from biomass were

The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi genome contains 14 putative fimbrial systems. The Std fimbriae belong to the chaperone-usher family and its regulation has not been investigated in S. Typhi. Several regulators of Std were previously identified in the closely related serovar Typhimurium. We hypothesize that regulators of S. Typhimurium may be shared with S. Typhi, but that several other regulators

Some microbes display pleomorphism, showing variable cell shapes in a single culture, whereas others differentiate to adapt to changed environmental conditions. The pleomorphic archaeon Haloferax volcanii commonly forms discoid-shaped ('plate') cells in culture, but may also be present as rods, and can develop into motile rods in soft agar, or longer filaments in certain biofilms. Here we report improvement

Chlamydoconidium-producing Trichophyton tonsurans strains isolated in Northeastern Brazil have morphological features different from the classic description of this dermatophyte species. This study investigated the phylogenetic relationship of chlamydoconidium-producing T. tonsurans strains isolated in Northeastern Brazil. Also, the effect of terbinafine and farnesol on mature biofilms of T. tonsurans

Our previous work demonstrated that two commonly used fluorescent dyes that were accumulated by wild-type Escherichia coli MG1655 were differentially transported in single-gene knockout strains, and also that they might be used as surrogates in flow cytometric transporter assays. We summarize the desirable properties of such stains, and here survey 143 candidate dyes. We eventually triage them (on

Bacterial biofilms are composed of aggregates of cells encased within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). One key EPS component is extracellular DNA (eDNA), which acts as a 'glue', facilitating cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions. We have previously demonstrated that eDNA is produced in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms via explosive cell lysis. This phenomenon involves a subset

The sporulating, filamentous soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712 differentiates under submerged and surface growth conditions. In order to lay a solid foundation for the study of development-associated division for this organism, a congenic set of mutants was isolated, individually deleted for a gene encoding either a cytoplasmic (i.e. ftsZ) or core inner membrane (i.e. divIC, ftsL, ftsI