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Flagellotropic phages: common yet diverse host interaction strategies Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Michela Gambino, Martine C.H. Sørensen
Many bacteriophages (phages) interact with flagella and rely on bacterial motility for successful infection of their hosts. Yet, limited information is available on how phages have evolved to recognize and bind both flagella and subsequent surface receptors for phage DNA injection. Here, we present an update on the current knowledge of flagellotropic phages using a few well-studied phages as examples
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Phenotypic heterogeneity in Streptomyces colonies Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Paul A Hoskisson, Francisco Barona-Gómez, Daniel E Rozen
are a large genus of multicellular bacteria best known for their prolific production of bioactive natural products. In addition, they play key roles in the mineralisation of insoluble resources, such as chitin and cellulose. Because of their multicellular mode of growth, colonies of interconnected hyphae extend over a large area that may experience different conditions in different parts of the colony
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The winding journey of conjugative plasmids toward a novel host cell Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Nathan Fraikin, Agathe Couturier, Christian Lesterlin
Horizontal transfer of plasmids by conjugation is a fundamental mechanism driving the widespread dissemination of drug resistance among bacterial populations. The successful colonization of a new host cell necessitates the plasmid to navigate through a series of sequential steps, each dependent on specific plasmid or host factors. This review explores recent advancements in comprehending the cellular
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Dissecting cell heterogeneities in bacterial biofilms and their implications for antibiotic tolerance Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Mayra C Obando, Diego O Serra
Bacterial biofilms consist of large, self-formed aggregates where resident bacteria can exhibit very different physiological states and phenotypes. This heterogeneity of cell types is crucial for many structural and functional emergent properties of biofilms. Consequently, it becomes essential to understand what drives cells to differentiate and how they achieve it within the three-dimensional landscape
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Beyond resistance: antifungal heteroresistance and antifungal tolerance in fungal pathogens Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Feng Yang, Judith Berman
Fungal infections are increasing globally, causing alarmingly high mortality and economic burden. In addition to antifungal resistance, other more subtle drug responses appear to increase the likelihood of treatment failures. These responses include heteroresistance and tolerance, terms that are more well-defined for antibacterial drugs, but are also evident in pathogenic fungi. Here, we compare these
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Cardiac damage and tropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Melina Tangos, Muhammad Jarkas, Ibrahim Akin, Ibrahim El-Battrawy, Nazha Hamdani
Until now, the World Health Organization registered over 771 million cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection worldwide, of which 6.97 million resulted in death. Virus-related cardiovascular events and pre-existing heart problems have been identified as major contributing factors to global infection-related morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the necessity for
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Coevolution of a generalist pathogen with many hosts: the case of the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Tamilie Carvalho, Anat M Belasen, L Felipe Toledo, Timothy Y James
Generalist pathogens maintain infectivity in numerous hosts; how this broad ecological niche impacts host–pathogen coevolution remains to be widely explored. (Bd) is a highly generalist pathogenic fungus that has caused devastating declines in hundreds of amphibian species worldwide. This review examines amphibian chytridiomycosis host–pathogen interactions and available evidence for coevolution between
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Editorial overview: A critical crossroad in microbiome research: Where do we go? Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Maria Carmen Collado, Christopher J Stewart
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Multi-layered genome defences in bacteria Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Aleksei Agapov, Kate S Baker, Paritosh Bedekar, Rama P Bhatia, Tim R Blower, Michael A Brockhurst, Cooper Brown, Charlotte E Chong, Joanne L Fothergill, Shirley Graham, James PJ Hall, Alice Maestri, Stuart McQuarrie, Anna Olina, Stefano Pagliara, Mario Recker, Anna Richmond, Steven J Shaw, Mark D Szczelkun, Tiffany B Taylor, Stineke van Houte, Sam C Went, Edze R Westra, Malcolm F White, Rosanna Wright
Bacteria have evolved a variety of defence mechanisms to protect against mobile genetic elements, including restriction-modification systems and CRISPR–Cas. In recent years, dozens of previously unknown defence systems (DSs) have been discovered. Notably, diverse DSs often coexist within the same genome, and some co-occur at frequencies significantly higher than would be expected by chance, implying
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Phage susceptibility determinants of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Christian Beck, Janes Krusche, Ahmed M.A. Elsherbini, Xin Du, Andreas Peschel
is a common member of the human skin and nose microbiomes and a frequent cause of invasive infections. Transducing phages accomplish the horizontal transfer of resistance and virulence genes by mispackaging of mobile-genetic elements, contributing to severe, therapy-refractory infections. Lytic phages on the other hand can be interesting candidates for new anti- phage therapies. Despite the importance
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Gram-negative endolysins: overcoming the outer membrane obstacle Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Hazel M Sisson, Simon A Jackson, Robert D Fagerlund, Suzanne L Warring, Peter C Fineran
Our ability to control the growth of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens is challenged by rising antimicrobial resistance and requires new approaches. Endolysins are phage-derived enzymes that degrade peptidoglycan and therefore offer potential as antimicrobial agents. However, the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria impedes the access of externally applied endolysins to peptidoglycan. This
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Mixotrophy in cyanobacteria Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 María del Carmen Muñoz-Marín, Antonio López-Lozano, José Ángel Moreno-Cabezuelo, Jesús Díez, José Manuel García-Fernández
Cyanobacteria evolved the oxygenic photosynthesis to generate organic matter from CO and sunlight, and they were responsible for the production of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. This made them a model for photosynthetic organisms, since they are easier to study than higher plants. Early studies suggested that only a minority among cyanobacteria might assimilate organic compounds, being considered
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The ‘ins and outs’ of Brucella intracellular journey Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 María I Marchesini, Juan M Spera, Diego J Comerci
Members of the genus are the causative agents of brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis affecting wild and domestic animals and humans. These facultative intracellular pathogens cause long-lasting chronic infections by evolving sophisticated strategies to counteract, evade, or subvert host bactericidal mechanisms in order to establish a secure replicative niche necessary for their survival. In this review
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Co-opting bacterial viruses for DNA exchange: structure and regulation of gene transfer agents Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Emma J Banks, Tung B K Le
Horizontal gene transfer occurs via a range of mechanisms, including transformation, conjugation and bacteriophage transduction. Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are an alternative, less-studied route for interbacterial DNA exchange. Encoded within bacterial or archaeal genomes, GTAs assemble into phage-like particles that selflessly package and transmit host DNA to recipient bacteria. Several unique features
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Hungry for control: metabolite signaling to chromatin in Plasmodium falciparum Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Ruth Lappalainen, Manish Kumar, Manoj T Duraisingh
The human malaria parasite undergoes a complex life cycle in two hosts, mammalian and mosquito, where it is constantly subjected to environmental changes in nutrients. Epigenetic mechanisms govern transcriptional switches and are essential for parasite persistence and proliferation. Parasites infecting red blood cells are auxotrophic for several nutrients, and mounting evidence suggests that various
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Insights into the role of the respiratory tract microbiome in defense against bacterial pneumonia Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Zoe G Drigot, Sarah E Clark
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Exploring the transcriptional landscape of phage–host interactions using novel high-throughput approaches Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Leena Putzeys, Laura Wicke, Ana Brandão, Maarten Boon, Diana P Pires, Joana Azeredo, Jörg Vogel, Rob Lavigne, Milan Gerovac
In the last decade, powerful high-throughput sequencing approaches have emerged to analyse microbial transcriptomes at a global scale. However, to date, applications of these approaches to microbial viruses such as phages remain scarce. Tailoring these techniques to virus-infected bacteria promises to obtain a detailed picture of the underexplored RNA biology and molecular processes during infection
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Phage fibers and spikes: a nanoscale Swiss army knife for host infection Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Ruochen Ouyang, Véronique Ongenae, Alise Muok, Dennis Claessen, Ariane Briegel
Bacteriophages are being rediscovered as potent agents for medical and industrial applications. However, finding a suitable phage relies on numerous factors, including host specificity, burst size, and infection cycle. The host range of a phage is, besides phage defense systems, initially determined by the recognition and attachment of receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) to the target receptors of susceptible
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Posttranslational modifications in bacteria during phage infection Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Hannelore Longin, Nand Broeckaert, Vera van Noort, Rob Lavigne, Hanne Hendrix
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Biological and bioinformatic tools for the discovery of unknown phage–host combinations Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Jennifer Mahony
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Role of vertical and horizontal microbial transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes in early life: insights from maternal-infant dyads Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Manuel Bernabeu, Elena Cabello-Yeves, Eduard Flores, Anna Samarra, Joanna Kimberley Summers, Alberto Marina, M Carmen Collado
Early life represents a critical window for metabolic, cognitive and immune system development, which is influenced by the maternal microbiome as well as the infant gut microbiome. Antibiotic exposure, mode of delivery and breastfeeding practices modulate the gut microbiome and the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Vertical and horizontal microbial gene transfer during early life and
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Host range and cell recognition of archaeal viruses Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Emine Rabia Sensevdi, Zaloa Aguirre Sourrouille, Tessa EF Quax
Archaea are members of a separate domain of life that have unique properties, such as the composition of their cell walls and the structure of their lipid bilayers. Consequently, archaeal viruses face different challenges to infect host cells in comparison with viruses of bacteria and eukaryotes. Despite their significant impact on shaping microbial communities, our understanding of infection processes
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Group A Streptococcus interactions with the host across time and space Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Stephanie Guerra, Christopher LaRock
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) has a fantastically wide tissue tropism in humans, manifesting as different diseases depending on the strain’s virulence factor repertoire and the tissue involved. Activation of immune cells and pro-inflammatory signaling has historically been considered an exclusively host-protective response that a pathogen would seek to avoid. However, recent advances in human and animal
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The enigmatic epitranscriptome of bacteriophages: putative RNA modifications in viral infections Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Nadiia Pozhydaieva, Maik Wolfram-Schauerte, Helene Keuthen, Katharina Höfer
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The human vaginal microbiota: from clinical medicine to models to mechanisms Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Samantha Ottinger, Clare M Robertson, Holly Branthoover, Kathryn A Patras
The composition of the vaginal microbiota is linked to numerous reproductive health problems, including increased susceptibility to infection, pregnancy complications, and impaired vaginal tissue repair; however, the mechanisms contributing to these adverse outcomes are not yet fully defined. In this review, we highlight recent clinical advancements associating vaginal microbiome composition and function
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The intersection between host–pathogen interactions and metabolism during Vibrio cholerae infection Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Sedelia R Dominguez, Phillip N Doan, Fabian Rivera-Chávez
Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), the etiological agent of cholera, uses cholera toxin (CT) to cause severe diarrheal disease. Cholera is still a significant cause of mortality worldwide with about half of all cholera cases and deaths occurring in children under five. Owing to the lack of cost-effective vaccination and poor vaccine efficacy in children, there is a need for alternative preventative and
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The ribosome as a small-molecule sensor Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Arunima Bhattacharya, Thibaud T Renault, Cristobal Axel Innis
Sensing small molecules is crucial for microorganisms to adapt their genetic programs to changes in their environment. Arrest peptides encoded by short regulatory open reading frames program the ribosomes that translate them to undergo translational arrest in response to specific metabolites. Ribosome stalling in turn controls the expression of downstream genes on the same messenger RNA by translational
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Contributions of diverse models of the female reproductive tract to the study of Chlamydia trachomatis-host interactions Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Forrest C Walker, Isabelle Derré
Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of sexually transmitted infections in humans with devastating sequelae. Understanding of disease on all scales, from molecular details to the immunology underlying pathology, is essential for identifying new ways of preventing and treating chlamydia. Infection models of various complexity are essential to understand all aspects of chlamydia pathogenesis. Cell
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Artificial selection of microbial communities: what have we learnt and how can we improve? Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Joshua L Thomas, Jamila Rowland-Chandler, Wenying Shou
Microbial communities are capable of performing diverse functions with important bioindustrial and medical applications. One approach to improving a community function is to breed new communities by artificially selecting for those displaying high community function (‘community selection’). Importantly, community selection can improve the function of interest without needing to understand how the function
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Specialized biopolymers: versatile tools for microbial resilience Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Jana K Schniete, Thomas Brüser, Marcus A Horn, Natalia Tschowri
Bacteria produce a wide range of specialized biopolymers that can be classified into polysaccharides, polyamides, and polyesters and are considered to fulfill storage functions. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the field linking metabolism of biopolymers to stress and signaling physiology of the producers and demonstrating that biopolymers contribute to bacterial stress resistance
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Multilayered regulation of amino acid metabolism in Escherichia coli Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Masatoshi Miyakoshi
Amino acid metabolism in Escherichia coli has long been studied and has established the basis for regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. In addition to the classical signal transduction cascade involving posttranslational modifications (PTMs), novel PTMs in the two primary nitrogen assimilation pathways have recently been uncovered. The regulon
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Nutritional control of bacterial DNA replication Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Joel Hallgren, Kristina Jonas
All cells must ensure precise regulation of DNA replication initiation in coordination with growth rate and in response to nutrient availability. According to a long-standing model, DNA replication initiation is tightly coupled to cell mass increase in bacteria. Despite controversies regarding this model, recent studies have provided additional support of this idea. The exact molecular mechanisms linking
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Unlocking the potential of optogenetics in microbial applications Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Moritz Benisch, Stephanie K Aoki, Mustafa Khammash
Optogenetics is a powerful approach that enables researchers to use light to dynamically manipulate cellular behavior. Since the first published use of optogenetics in synthetic biology, the field has expanded rapidly, yielding a vast array of tools and applications. Despite its immense potential for achieving high spatiotemporal precision, optogenetics has predominantly been employed as a substitute
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Matching the β-oxidation gene repertoire with the wide diversity of fatty acids Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Veronica Schiaffi, Frédéric Barras, Emmanuelle Bouveret
Bacteria can use fatty acids (FAs) from their environment as carbon and energy source. This catabolism is performed by the enzymes of the well-known β-oxidation machinery, producing reducing power and releasing acetyl-CoA that can feed the tricarboxylic acid cycle. FAs are extremely diverse: they can be saturated or (poly)unsaturated and are found in different sizes. The need to degrade such a wide
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PhoU: a multifaceted regulator in microbial signaling and homeostasis Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Seungwoo Baek, Eun-Jin Lee
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The multifaceted roles of Myb domain–containing proteins in apicomplexan parasites Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Dominic Schwarz, Sebastian Lourido
Apicomplexan parasites are a large and diverse clade of protists responsible for significant diseases of humans and animals. Central to the ability of these parasites to colonize their host and evade immune responses is an expanded repertoire of gene-expression programs that requires the coordinated action of complex transcriptional networks. DNA-binding proteins and chromatin regulators are essential
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Environmental adaptation and diversification of bacterial two-component systems Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-29 Adrián F Alvarez, Dimitris Georgellis
Bacterial two-component systems (TCS) are versatile signaling mechanisms that govern cellular responses to diverse environmental cues. These systems rely on phosphoryl-group transfers between histidine- and aspartate-containing modules of sensor histidine kinase and response regulator proteins. TCS diversity is shaped by the ecological niche of the bacterium, resulting in significant population-level
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Cell cycle-regulated ApiAP2s and parasite development: the Toxoplasma paradigm Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Kourosh Zarringhalam, Sida Ye, Jingjing Lou, Yasaman Rezvani, Marc-Jan Gubbels
The cell division cycle of T. gondii is driven by cyclically expressed ApiAP2 transcription factors (AP2s) that promote gene sets (regulons) associated with specific biological functions. AP2s drive other AP2s, thereby propelling the progressive gene expression waves defining the lytic cycle. AP2s can act as dimers by themselves, in combination with other AP2s (constitutive or cyclical) or in complexes
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Innovative and potential treatments for fungal central nervous system infections Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Marta Reguera-Gomez, Michael R Dores, Luis R Martinez
Fungal infections of the central nervous system (FI-CNS) are a problematic and important medical challenge considering that those most affected are immunocompromised. Individuals with systemic cryptococcosis (67–84%), candidiasis (3–64%), blastomycosis (40%), coccidioidomycosis (25%), histoplasmosis (5–20%), mucormycosis (12%), and aspergillosis (4–6%) are highly susceptible to develop CNS involvement
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Control of bacterial second messenger signaling and motility by heme-based direct oxygen-sensing proteins Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Nushrat J Hoque, Emily E Weinert
Bacteria sense and respond to their environment, allowing them to maximize their survival and growth under changing conditions, such as oxygen levels. Direct oxygen-sensing proteins allow bacteria to rapidly sense concentration changes and adapt by regulating signaling pathways and/or cellular machinery. Recent work has identified roles for direct oxygen-sensing proteins in controlling second messenger
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Crosstalk between (p)ppGpp and other nucleotide second messengers Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-21 Danny K Fung, Aude E Trinquier, Jue D Wang
In response to environmental cues, bacteria produce intracellular nucleotide messengers to regulate a wide variety of cellular processes and physiology. Studies on individual nucleotide messengers, such as (p)ppGpp or cyclic (di)nucleotides, have established their respective regulatory themes. As research on nucleotide signaling networks expands, recent studies have begun to uncover various crosstalk
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Non-canonical food sources: bacterial metabolism of Maillard reaction products and its regulation Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 Jürgen Lassak, Erica F Aveta, Patroklos Vougioukas, Michael Hellwig
Proteins are an important part of our regular diet. During food processing, their amino acid composition can be chemically altered by the reaction of free amino groups with sugars — a process termed glycation. The resulting Maillard reaction products (MRPs) have low bioavailability and thus predominantly end up in the colon where they encounter our gut microbiota. In the following review, we summarize
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Antibiotics from rare actinomycetes, beyond the genus Streptomyces Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Jonathan Parra, Ainsley Beaton, Ryan F Seipke, Barrie Wilkinson, Matthew I Hutchings, Katherine R Duncan
Throughout the golden age of antibiotic discovery, Streptomyces have been unsurpassed for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites. Yet, this success has been hampered by rediscovery. As we enter a new stage of biodiscovery, omics data and existing scientific repositories can enable informed choices on the biodiversity that may yield novel antibiotics. Here, we focus on the chemical potential
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Evolution and synthetic biology Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Marya Y Ornelas, Jason E Cournoyer, Stanley Bram, Angad P Mehta
Evolutionary observations have often served as an inspiration for biological design. Decoding of the central dogma of life at a molecular level and understanding of the cellular biochemistry have been elegantly used to engineer various synthetic biology applications, including building genetic circuits in vitro and in cells, building synthetic translational systems, and metabolic engineering in cells
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The power of the small: the underestimated role of small proteins in bacterial and archaeal physiology Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Britta Jordan, Katrin Weidenbach, Ruth A Schmitz
Small proteins encoded by small open-reading frames (sORFs) (≤70 aa) were overlooked for decades due to methodological reasons and are thus often missing in genome annotations. Novel detection methods such as ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) and mass spectrometry optimized for small proteins (peptidomics) have opened up a new field of interest and several catalogs of small proteins in bacteria and archaea
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Structure-guided metagenome mining to tap microbial functional diversity Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Serina L Robinson
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The skin mycobiome and intermicrobial interactions in the cutaneous niche Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Meret Tuor, Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
Mammalian microbiomes have coevolved with their host to establish a stable homeostatic relationship. Multifaceted commensal-host and commensal–commensal interactions contribute to the maintenance of the equilibrium with an impact on diverse host physiological processes. Despite constant exposure to physical and chemical insults from the environment, the skin harbors a surprisingly stable microbiome
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Design of synthetic bacterial biosensors Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Alyssa J Chiang, Jeff Hasty
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Interkingdom interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans affect clinical outcomes and antimicrobial responses Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Lisa J Kahl, Nina Stremmel, M Alejandra Esparza-Mora, Rachel M Wheatley, R Craig MacLean, Markus Ralser
Infections that involve interkingdom microbial communities, such as those between bacteria and yeast pathogens, are difficult to treat, associated with worse patient outcomes, and may be a source of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we address co-occurrence and co-infections of Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two pathogens that occupy multiple infection niches in the human body
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Bacteriophage communities are a reservoir of unexplored microbial diversity in neonatal health and disease Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Gregory R Young, Andrew Nelson, Christopher J Stewart, Darren L Smith
Acquisition and development of the gut microbiome are vital for immune education in neonates, especially those born preterm. As such, microbial communities have been extensively studied in the context of postnatal health and disease. Bacterial communities have been the focus of research in this area due to the relative ease of targeted bacterial sequencing and the availability of databases to align
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Editorial overview: Turtles all the way down: Bacterial cell regulation across scales Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-26 Peter Chien, Erin D. Goley
Abstract not available
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Bacterial acid stress response: from cellular changes to antibiotic tolerance and phenotypic heterogeneity Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Kilian Schumacher, Sophie Brameyer, Kirsten Jung
Most bacteria are neutralophiles but can survive fluctuations in pH in their environment. Herein, we provide an overview of the adaptation of several human, soil, and food bacteria to acid stress, mainly based on next-generation sequencing studies, highlighting common and specific strategies. We also discuss the interplay between acid stress response and antibiotic tolerance, as well as the response
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Conditionally unutilized proteins and their profound effects on growth and adaptation across microbial species Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Rohan Balakrishnan, Jonas Cremer
Protein synthesis is an important determinant of microbial growth and response that demands a high amount of metabolic and biosynthetic resources. Despite these costs, microbial species from different taxa and habitats massively synthesize proteins that are not utilized in the conditions they currently experience. Based on resource allocation models, recent studies have begun to reconcile the costs
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Fungal pathogens and COVID-19 Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Ashutosh Singh, Amtoj Kaur, Anuradha Chowdhary
COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the complications of secondary fungal infections that occurred globally in severe cases of coronavirus disease managed in the intensive care units. Furthermore, varied underlying host factors, such as preexisting immunosuppression, the use of immunomodulatory agents, and invasive procedures predisposing lung tissues to fungal colonization and proliferation, caused increased
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An update on the current understanding of the infant skin microbiome and research challenges Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-14 Iliana R Serghiou, Mark A Webber, Lindsay J Hall
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Modelling of microbial interactions in anaerobic digestion: from black to glass box Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Arianna Basile, Guido Zampieri, Adam Kovalovszki, Behzad Karkaria, Laura Treu, Kiran Raosaheb Patil, Stefano Campanaro
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Human intestinal organoids as models to study enteric bacteria and viruses Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Grace Adeniyi-Ipadeola, Hephzibah Nwanosike, Sasirekha Ramani
Laboratory studies of host–microbe interactions have historically been carried out using transformed cell lines and animal models. Although much has been learned from these models, recent advances in the development of multicellular, physiologically active, human intestinal organoid (HIO) cultures are allowing unprecedented discoveries of host–microbe interactions. Here, we review recent literature
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The mycobiome: interactions with host and implications in diseases Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-30 Yani Fan, Lijuan Wu, Bing Zhai
Over the past decade, our understanding of the composition and function of the human mucosal surface-associated fungal community (i.e. the mycobiome) has rapidly expanded. Fungi colonize at various sites of the mucosal surface at birth and play important roles in the development and homeostasis of immune system throughout adulthood. Here, we review the recent research progresses in the human mycobiome
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Interplay of emerging and established technologies drives innovation in natural product antibiotic discovery Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (IF 5.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Chantal D Bader, Angela L Nichols, Dong Yang, Ben Shen
A continued rise of antibiotic resistance and shortages of effective antibiotics necessitate the discovery and development of new antibiotics with novel modes of action (MoAs) against resistant pathogens. While natural products remain the best resource for antibiotic discovery, their exploration faces many challenges, including (i) unknown MoAs, (ii) high rediscovery rates, (iii) tedious isolation