ABSTRACT Pecan scab, caused by Venturia effusa, is the most prevalent disease of pecan in the southeastern United States. Recent characterization of the mating type (MAT) distribution of V. effusa revealed that the MAT idiomorphs are in equilibrium at various spatial scales, indicative of regular sexual recombination. However, the occurrence of the sexual stage of V. effusa has never been observed

(2020). Jos Wessels, 30 May 1934–30 October 2019. Mycologia. Ahead of Print.

Kuehneola japonica and K. warburgiana are the only species of genus Kuehneola that parasitize plants belonging to genus Rosa (Rosaceae). Systematic revision of the genus Phragmidium and related genera by molecular phylogenetic analyses using nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (5.8S-ITS2 = ITS2) and nuc rDNA 28S (28S) sequences indicated that K. japonica and K. warburgiana belong to a group of Phragmidium

(2020). Donald John Stoddart Barr, 18 September 1937–20 November 2018. Mycologia. Ahead of Print.

Many efforts have been made to select and isolate naturally occurring animal-friendly Epichloë strains for later reinfection into elite cultivars. Often this process involves large-scale screening of Epichloë-infected wild grass populations where strains are characterized and alkaloids measured. Here, we describe for the first time the use of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) on a collection of 217 Epichloë-infected

The fungal genus Massospora (Zoopagomycota: Entomophthorales) includes more than a dozen obligate, sexually transmissible pathogenic species that infect cicadas (Hemiptera) worldwide. At least two species are known to produce psychoactive compounds during infection, which has garnered considerable interest for this enigmatic genus. As with many Entomophthorales, the evolutionary relationships and host

Fomitiporia is a genus of wood-inhabiting Hymenochaetaceae (Agaricomycetes) that includes pathogens and decomposers occurring on a wide array of plant substrates. Some species decay culms of woody bamboos, a poorly known biotic interaction. Four bambusicolous species of Fomitiporia are currently known. However, no studies concerning their phylogenetic relationships have been performed. In order to

A fungus causing false smut in the flowers of Murdannia keisak (Commelinaceae, Commelinales, Monocots) in Japan was morphologically identical to Ustilago aneilematis. The fungus infected ovaries of most flowers of host plants. Infected flowers were filled with yellow to orange thick-walled conidia that became olivaceous green at maturity. However, multilocus phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences (18S

ABSTRACT Many efforts have been made to select and isolate naturally occurring animal-friendly Epichloë strains for later reinfection into elite cultivars. Often this process involves large-scale screening of Epichloë-infected wild grass populations where strains are characterized and alkaloids measured. Here, we describe for the first time the use of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) on a collection

The fungal genus Massospora (Zoopagomycota: Entomophthorales) includes more than a dozen obligate, sexually transmissible pathogenic species that infect cicadas (Hemiptera) worldwide. At least two species are known to produce psychoactive compounds during infection, which has garnered considerable interest for this enigmatic genus. As with many Entomophthorales, the evolutionary relationships and host

A fungus causing false smut in the flowers of Murdannia keisak (Commelinaceae, Commelinales, Monocots) in Japan was morphologically identical to Ustilago aneilematis. The fungus infected ovaries of most flowers of host plants. Infected flowers were filled with yellow to orange thick-walled conidia that became olivaceous green at maturity. However, multilocus phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences (18S

Fomitiporia is a genus of wood-inhabiting Hymenochaetaceae (Agaricomycetes) that includes pathogens and decomposers occurring on a wide array of plant substrates. Some species decay culms of woody bamboos, a poorly known biotic interaction. Four bambusicolous species of Fomitiporia are currently known. However, no studies concerning their phylogenetic relationships have been performed. In order to

(2020). Correction. Mycologia. Ahead of Print.

Rust disease was observed on populations of Suaeda californica near Morro Bay, California. The pathogen was identified as a species of Uromyces based on teliospore and urediniospore morphology and nuc 28S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolate was compared with previously described species of Uromyces that infect members of Chenopodiaceae, prompting a taxonomic reevaluation of Uromyces species on Suaeda

The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew on Viburnum species is evaluated and discussed. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed two new species and demonstrated that Erysiphe hedwigii and E. viburni should be reduced to synonymy and are referred to herein as E. viburni. The two new species, E. viburniphila and E. pseudoviburni, previously hidden under E. viburni (including E. hedwigii)

A new species of Volvariella, collected from Aydın Province on the coast of the Aegean Sea in southwestern Turkey, is described as Volvariella turcica, sp. nov., based on morphology and multigene molecular analysis of three nuc rDNA gene regions: internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), 28S, and 18S. The new species was found in forests dominated by Pinus brutia and Quercus coccifera and mainly

Colletotrichum lupini is the causal agent of lupin (Lupinus albus L.) anthracnose, a destructive seed-borne disease affecting stems and pods. Despite that several biological studies have been carried out on this pathogen, the production of secondary metabolites has not yet been investigated. Thus, a strain of C. lupini, obtained from symptomatic stems of L. albus, has been grown in vitro to evaluate

We evaluated sporangium and zoospore production by three isolates of Phytophthora ramorum on Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' leaves under light and dark conditions at both variable and constant (14 C) temperature. P. ramorum-infected leaves were detached and placed in funnels inside of a 62-L plastic storage container located in a growth chamber. Cool mist was introduced to the container to create

Cortinarius is a species-rich ectomycorrhizal genus containing taxa that exhibit agaricoid or sequestrate basidiome morphologies. In New Zealand, one of the most recognizable and common Cortinarius species is the purple sequestrate fungus, C. porphyroideus. We used genome skimming of the almost 100-y-old type specimen from C. porphyroideus to obtain the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5

(2020). Correction. Mycologia: Vol. 112, No. 2, pp. 454-454.

(2020). Correction. Mycologia: Vol. 112, No. 2, pp. 453-453.

This study describes four gray or brown species of Cuphophyllus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), two of them new species, restricted to arctic-alpine and northern boreal zones of North America, and relates them morphologically and phylogenetically using multigene and nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS (ITS barcode) analyses to their similar, known counterparts. Cuphophyllus cinerellus

Imleria is a small genus of Boletaceae found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere characterized by the light to dark brown hymenophore that stains blue. In Florida, specimens of Imleria were collected that resembled I. badia, a species known primarily from northeastern North America and Europe. Five nuclear loci of these Florida specimens were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. A nuc rDNA internal

Chlorophyllum accommodates lamellate agaricoid species as well as sequestrate angiocarpic taxa, which do not form a monophyletic lineage within the genus. To clarify phylogenetic affinities and delimit species boundaries among sequestrate representatives of the genus, we analyzed historical and contemporary material from a broad geographic range, encompassing North America, southern Africa, eastern

Within the family Entolomataceae, many reports of Entoloma and Rhodocybe have been published, but few reports on Clitopilus and allied genera are available. In this study, Clitopilus, Clitocella, and Clitopilopsis from China were studied by morphological and phylogenetic methods. Portions of nuc 28S rDNA (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1)

Aspergillus section Nidulantes encompasses almost 80 homothallic and anamorphic species, mostly isolated from soil, plant material, or the indoor environment. Some species are clinically relevant or produce mycotoxins. This study reevaluated the species boundaries within several clades of section Nidulantes. Five data sets were assembled, each containing presumptive new species and their closest relatives

We studied the South American species of Cortinarius section Thaumasti based on morphological and molecular data. Members of this group can easily be identified in the field because the basidiomata are small and Phlegmacium-like with a bulbous stipe and the universal veil in most species forms a distinct volva at the base of the stipe. The phylogenetic delimitation of the clade was mostly in concordance

Species of Endogonaceae (Endogonales, Mucoromycotina) are characterized by the formation of relatively large sporocarps and zygosporangia. Numerous species in this family remain undescribed or have unclear phylogenetic positions. In Asia specifically, the species diversity of this family is almost completely unknown. However, many mycobionts of bryophytes belonging to several novel clades in Endogonaceae

Blueberry, an increasingly cultivated fruit crop in Portugal, is known to be susceptible to twig blight and dieback caused by species of Diaporthe. The diversity of Diaporthe species associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum plants in Portugal was assessed. A multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor

The Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) includes many important families of plant pathogenic fungi, such as the notorious Cryphonectriaceae. The aim of the present study was to reevaluate this family, along with other families in Diaporthales. Based on phylogenetic analyses using combined sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, large subunit of the nrDNA (28S), and the translation

Podosphaera tridactyla (s. lat.) is a powdery mildew species occurring on a wide range of Prunus spp. almost worldwide. We have investigated the phylogeny of the Po. tridactyla complex, with special emphasis on potential aspects of cryptic speciation. The results suggested that Po. tridactyla represents a species complex consisting of at least 12 different species. Based on detailed morphological examinations

Claviceps species affecting Paspalum spp. are a serious problem, as they infect forage grasses such as Paspalum dilatatum and P. plicatulum, producing the ergot disease. The ascomycete C. paspali is known to be the pathogen responsible for this disease in both grasses. This fungus produces alkaloids, including ergot alkaloids and indole-diterpenes, that have potent neurotropic activities in mammals

Many discomycetes show the phenomenon of "puffing": the quasi-simultaneous discharge of large numbers of ascospores, rendering them visible to the unaided eye as a whiff of smoke above the fruitbody. Obviously, some kind of synchronization mechanism must be present to make all asci involved burst at about the same time. This mechanism has generally been understood to be of a mechanical nature. For

Many Trichoderma species are cosmopolitan and widespread free-living fungi in various ecological environment, and many are economically important in the fields of agriculture and industry. However, carbon metabolism profiles of Trichoderma species have not been characterized in detail. In this study, Biolog FF MicroPlates were used to contrast carbon utilization and the differences among five Trichoderma

We are becoming increasingly aware of the dazzling diversity of fungi-new taxa are being discovered from poorly sampled habitats and integrative approaches point at (near-)cryptic species in many groups. The class Laboulbeniomycetes, which is composed of three orders (Herpomycetales, Laboulbeniales, Pyxidiophorales), is no exception. However, still, in the orders Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales,

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that inhabit internal plant tissues without causing apparent damage. During the infection process, both endophytic and phytopathogenic fungi secrete proteins to resist or supplant the plant’s defense mechanisms. This study analyzed the predicted secretomes of six species of endophytic fungi and compared them with predicted secretomes of eight fungal species with

Aquaculture companies grow the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyta) to extract the carotenoid astaxanthin to sell, which is used as human and animal dietary supplements. We were requested to identify an unknown pathogen of H. pluvialis from an alga growing facility in the southwestern United States. To identify this zoosporic fungus and determine its phylogenetic placement among other chytrids

Nitrogen in sufficient quantities is strictly necessary for all living organisms. In this study, the ability of some xylotrophic basidiomycetes to grow extremely long on a solid growth medium full of carbon nutrition but lacking a nitrogen source in its composition was discovered. The nitrogen oligotrophy of wood-decaying fungi is associated with their adaptation to live in a wood substrate, which

Medicinal Ganoderma mushrooms have long tradition in Asia, and recently they began to be consumed in Europe as well. Among hundreds of Ganoderma species, only a few of them are intensively investigated, i.e., G. lucidum and G. applanatum, whereas the chemistry and bioactivities of the other species, especially of European origin, still remain unknown. This study comprises detailed chemical analysis

Practices, perceptions, beliefs, and other forms of relationships between rural inhabitants and fungi have scarcely been studied in Patagonia. In this work, we analyze species richness, cultural importance, and modes of use of wild edible fungi in five Mapuche communities in northwest Patagonia of Argentina. Through an ethnobiological approach, we carried out semistructured interviews, walks in forests

Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei. is an anamorphic fungus that affects more than 530 plant species, including economically important crops. Several lineages of this pathogen have been recognized, but the classification of isolates into clades is time-consuming and still sometimes leads to unclear results. In this work, eight major phylogenetic clades (PhL1-PhL8) including 245 isolates

We report on the discovery and characterization of a novel Fusarium species that produced yellow-orange pseudoflowers on Xyris spp. (yellow-eyed grass; Xyridaceae) growing in the savannas of the Pakaraima Mountains of western Guyana. The petaloid fungal structures produced on infected plants mimic host flowers in gross morphology. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of full-length RPB1 (RNA polymerase

The genus Magnaporthiopsis of Magnaporthaceae (Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) contains species that are predominantly necrotrophic pathogens, often producing simple hyphopodia and dark, ectotrophic runner hyphae on plant roots and stems during colonization. Fungal isolates from turfgrass roots with dark and ectotrophic runner hyphae were examined and identified based on morphological

Species of Ceriporia (Irpicaceae, Basidiomycota) are saprotrophs or endophytes in forest ecosystems. To evaluate the taxonomy and generic relationships of Ceriporia and other related taxa, we used morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) region, nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1)

A six-gene phylogeny of the Inocybaceae is presented to address classification of major clades within the family. Seven genera are recognized that establish a global overview of phylogenetic relationships in the Inocybaceae. Two genera—Nothocybe and Pseudosperma—are described as new. Two subgenera of Inocybe—subg. Inosperma and subg. Mallocybe—are elevated to generic rank. These four new genera, together

Septoglomus mexicanum is here described as a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota) based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. It was isolated from rhizospheric soil of two endemic Mexican legumes: Prosopis laevigata and Mimosa luisana, which grow in semiarid regions of central Mexico. Septoglomus mexicanum is characterized by forming globose spores of (154.5-)202.8(-228

Inocybe (Inocybaceae) is one of the most diverse ectomycorrhizal genera in arctic and alpine habitats where the primary hosts are Salix, Betula, and Dryas. Subgenus Inocybe is common in these habitats and typically characterized by the presence of thick-walled pleurocystidia. Here, we focus on species that have angular or nodulose spores. Historically, over 30 taxa from this group have been reported

Macroalgae of the genera Fucus, Ulva, and Enteromorpha are typically abundant in estuaries. Endophytic fungi may have beneficial effects on the hosts affecting their ability to cope with stress. They are also a source of biologically active compounds. However, little is known about the endophytic fungi that colonize these macroalgae. Endophytic isolates were obtained from macroalgae from various sites

Hebeloma parvisporum is described as new and placed within H. sect. Porphyrospora. This mushroom is sold as an edible in markets of Laos under the local name “wai khom.” Hebeloma sect. Porphyrospora is discussed and expanded to include the species formerly included in the genus Anamika and recently transferred to Hebeloma. Hebeloma sect. Porphyrospora currently comprises 16 species, 14 of which are

The genus Psiloboletinus was proposed by Rolf Singer in 1945 based on Phylloporus lariceti, a species that associates with Larix in the Altai Mountains of central and eastern Asia. However, this classification has been controversial due to the morphological similarity to known genera Boletinus and Fuscoboletinus. Because of the lack of fresh material to study, the phylogenetic position of Psiloboletinus

(2020). Revision of leccinoid fungi, with emphasis on North American taxa, based on molecular and morphological data. Mycologia: Vol. 112, No. 1, pp. 197-211.

Historically, thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes, including the orders Laboulbeniales and Herpomycetales, were set apart because of their distinctive morphology and ecology. Although some biologists correctly interpreted these arthropod ectoparasites as fungi, even ascomycetes, others thought they were worms, red algae, or members of taxa described especially for them. Speculation on the evolution

Fly-speck fungi reproduce via thyriothecia that consist of sporogenous tissue appressed to cuticle surfaces of plant leaves and covered by a shield-like scutellum. Thyriothecial scutella likely evolved repeatedly in Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota), and their morphology varies by lineage. Fly-speck fungi have an exceptionally good fossil record that begins in the Mesozoic. The interpretation of scutellum

Four new species of Laboulbenia (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) occurring on Gerridae (Hemiptera, Insecta), a new host family, are described from six Central and South American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. The new species are Laboulbenia brachymetrae, L. cylindrostethi, L. neogerris, and L. tachygerris.

Species of Syncephalis (Zoopagomycotina, Piptocephalidaceae) are obligate mycoparasites that grow on common saprobic species of Mortierellomycotina and Mucoromycotina in soil and dung. Despite their ubiquitous occurrence across the globe, fungi in the genus Syncephalis are understudied, and there are few modern taxonomic treatments of these fungi. In order to clarify species concepts in the genus,

We isolated and characterized 65 anaerobic gut fungal (AGF; Neocallimastigomycota) strains from fecal samples of five wild (W, axis deer, white-tailed deer, Boer goat, mouflon, and Nilgiri tahr), one zoo-housed (Z, zebra), and three domesticated (D, horse, sheep, and goat) herbivores in the US states of Texas (TX) and Oklahoma (OK), Wales (WA), and the Indian states of Kerala (KE) and Haryana (HA)

Species of Septoria are commonly associated with leaf spot diseases of a broad range of plant hosts worldwide. During our investigation of fungi associated with leaf spot diseases in northern and northwestern Iran, several Septoria isolates were recovered from symptomatic leaves on different herbaceous and woody plants in the Asteraceae, Betulaceae, and Salicaceae families. These isolates were studied

The advantage of filamentous growth to the fungal lifestyle is so great that it arose multiple times. Most zoosporic fungi from phylum Chytridiomycota exhibit a monocentric thallus form consisting of anucleate filamentous rhizoids that anchor reproductive sporangia to substrata and absorb nutrients. Actin function during polarized growth and cytokinesis is well documented across eukaryotes, but its

Acrospermum is a poorly known genus of epibiotic and saprophytic species with a subcosmopolitan distribution. Here, we investigate the intriguing relationship between Acrospermum and its host plants in the fern family Polypodiaceae, where it occurs upon approximately 45 neotropical species. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using an eight-marker comprehensive ascomycete data set comprising 719 species