L-asparaginases are extensively applied in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The treatment regime of ALL consists of asparaginase from E. coli or Erwinia. The survival rate post-chemotherapy has increased to < 90% in recent years. Asparaginase therapy has also resulted in numerous toxicities to patients receiving therapy. This study demonstrates the reaction of normal cells of Danio

The biogenic tailoring of silver nanoparticles using plant extract is becoming an attractive approach in the current scenario. Manilkara zapota (MZ) is well known for its antibacterial, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-fungal, anti-tumour, and free radical scavenging potential. Its plants extract is a rich source of secondary metabolites. Nowadays, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)

This study aimed to determine the ability of Fusarium verticillioides in developing mechanisms to counteract the antifungal effect of a fraction from Jacquinia macrocarpa plant extract (JmAF), as well as the morphological and physiological changes that occur during its exposure. The fungus was exposed to JmAF during consecutive periods. A culture sample was taken weekly to determine radial growth,

Gut microbiota is believed to play a crucial role in modulating obesity in humans, and probiotics affecting gut microbiota can alleviate some of the obesity-related health complications. The study was aimed to investigate changes in the composition of the gut microbiome in obese humans due to short-term (2 weeks) treatment of obese patients with a probiotic preparation containing Bifidobacterium longum

Commensal microorganisms are essential to the normal development and function of many aspects of animal biology. However, the dynamic shift patterns of the microbiota of different gut segments in sheep and the correlation between fat type large-tailed phenotype and microbiota remain poorly unknown. This study therefore sought to assess the composition and distribution of the intestinal microbiome,

The removal rate of Cr6+ has been explored by the optimized removal conditions. Five Cr-resistant strains were isolated from chromium-contained soil. The most efficient strain S1 was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain SZMC 6179J through 16S rDNA. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, including initial pH, initial Cr6+ concentration

Microbes are mediators in almost all ecosystem processes and act as a pivotal game changer in various ecological activities, globally. Therefore, understanding of microbial community structure and related functions in different environmental and micro-environmental niches is not only critical, but also a matter of greatest importance. Due to our inability to cultivate and preserve all sorts of microorganisms

Methanol production by co-culture of methanotrophs Methylocystis bryophila and Methyloferula stellata was examined from methane, a greenhouse gas. Co-culture exhibited higher methanol yield of 4.72 mM at optimum ratio of M. bryophila and M. stellata (3:2) compared to individual cultures. The immobilized co-culture within polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed relative efficiency of 90.1% for methanol production

Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. Further, the nation needs to fully establish and activate the national emergency operation framework.

Puma Yumco Lake (PYL) is an ultraoligotrophic freshwater lake that sits an altitude of 5030 m within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. The bacterial and archaeal diversity of the lake remains poorly understood, despite their potential to inform on biogeochemical cycling and environment-microbial associations in these unique environments. Here, the bacterial and archaeal communities of PYL were investigated

An endo-1,4-β-xylanase, XynA, from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24, was purified to homogeneity and exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa. The protein sequence of XynA was found to be similar to those of other Thermomyces lanuginosus derived xylanases and, as a result, could be used as a model enzyme for understanding the protein structure–activity relationship and facilitating protein

Pesticide accumulation in agricultural soils is an environmental concern, often addressed through distinct bioremediation strategies. This study has tried to analyze various soil bioremediation options viz., biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and natural attenuation in terms of efficiency and the response of autochthonous microbial flora by using atrazine as a model contaminant. Soil mesocosms were established

Catalase has crucial role in adaptive response to H2O2. Main channel structure responsible for substrate selectivity was estimated to understand the relationship between the evolutionary direction of catalases from Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans and Psychrobacter piscatorii which survive in cold and high concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and their catalytic property. E. oxidotolerans catalase (EKTA)

Human pathogens need to overcome an elaborate network of host defense mechanisms in order to establish their infection, colonization, proliferation and eventual dissemination. The interaction of pathogens with different effector molecules of the immune system results in their neutralization and elimination from the host. The complement system is one such integral component of innate immunity that is

Alternaria species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some pathotypes of Alternaria alternata infect economically important plants including cereal crops, vegetables and fruits. Specially, A. alternata generates toxins which contaminate food and feed. To date, management of A. alternata relies primarily on fungicides. However, the control efficacy in most cases is below expectation due to ubiquity of

As the SARS-CoV-2 virus race around the world across the different population, there needs to be a consolidated effort to understand the divergence of demographically distributed strains. The emerging trends in SARS-CoV-2 genome data show specific mutation and genetic diversity, which could provide the basis to develop a cocktail of vaccine and may also be used to develop the region-specific diagnostic

Hyperglycemia is one of the metabolic characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Considering that GDM is able to cause changes in the gut bacterial community and function in the mother's intestine compared with healthy pregnant women, we aimed to clarify the correlation between hyperglycemia and gut microbiota in a GDM mouse model. Mice were divided into four groups: CE0, GDME0, CE18,

Human beings have co-evolved with the microorganisms in our environment for millions of years, and have developed into a symbiosis in a mutually beneficial/defensive way. Human beings have significant multifaceted relationships with the diverse microbial community. Apart from the important protective role of microbial community exposure in development of early immunity, millions of inimitable bacterial

Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae has been spreading worldwide, although the reports focusing on Indonesian V. cholerae are few. In this study, in order to investigate how V. cholerae transmitted to human from environment. We extended an epidemiological report that had investigated the genotype of V. cholerae isolated from human pediatric samples and environmental samples. We examined 44 strains of V

Current scenario in communicable diseases has generated new era that identifies the “One health” approach to understand the sharing and management of etiological agents with its impact on ecosystem. Under this context the relevance of zoonotic diseases generates major concern. The indiscriminate and higher use of antibiotics in animal husbandry creates substantial pressure on the gut microbiome for

Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite, with red pigmentation, produced by Serratia marcescens. Red pigment is a natural alkaloid whose chemical structure has three pyrrole rings. Prodigiosin has been described for several biological activities, including antitumor, inducing apotosis in T and B lymphocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of prodigiosin in NCHI-292, HEp-2, MCF-7 and

Pesticides are the chemicals used to prevent plant diseases, weeds, pests and to enhance the quality of the food products. The uniqueness of their chemical structure, and/or their interactions with the environment characterize the nature of pesticides. In most scenarios, the end users such as farmers and consumers, who know the serious effects of pesticides cannot translate this awareness into their

A putative glutamine synthetase (GS) was detected in a psychrophilic bacterium, Cryobacterium soli GCJ02. For gaining greater insight into its functioning, the gene was cloned and expressed in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli. The monomer enzyme with a molecular weight of 53.03 kDa was expressed primarily in cytosolic compartment. The enzyme activity was detected using glutamate and ATP. The optimum

Endophytes that represent a sub-set of plant resident microbes are a reservoir of bioactive metabolites. Many of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytes are silent under axenic culture conditions. Epigenetic reprogramming of such cryptic pathways is possible by use of small molecule modulators like prednisone. Methylation changes induced by prednisone, a hypomethylating epigenetic

The green synthesis of the flavor esters, n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate had the advantages over the chemical synthesis. The esterase from Candida parapsilosis could transform n-propanol, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol into n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, respectively. The esterase was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At 30 °C for 1 d, the concentration

A 20-day trial was conducted to reveal bacterial community dynamics in a commercial nursery of larval Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. The bacterial communities in the ambient water were profiled by high-throughput sequencing of the V4–V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla between the metamorphosis stage and postlarval stage were Bacteroidetes

Sweat secretion keeps feet and insoles humid and rich in nutrients, which are the conditions needed to maintain abundant microbial growth. Analyzing the diversity and function of microorganisms in the insole is of great significance in the development of functional insoles and prediction of human foot hygiene condition. In this study, pure culture method, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology

For bacteria sampling studies, various collection methods have been used to identify bacteria. To obtain accurate information about bacteria, high quality samples should be obtained. In order to obtain a high quality sample, a stable and large number of DNA copies must be collected. This study compared the efficiency of different methods of bacterial gDNA extraction and bacteria collection according

It is very important to rapidly detect the contamination of Enterococcus faecalis in fermented foods such as Korean Kimchi to maintain its freshness since Kimchi is exported to all over the world. However, gene sequence of E. faecalis is very similar among various Lactobacillus. So, there have been difficulties in its screening. We have designed primers based on Bile salt hydrolase gene of E. faecalis

Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infection by blood transmission. C. albicans enters the blood circulation and adheres to the endothelial cells of the vascular wall. However, the detailed mechanism of the effect of C. albicans on the endothelial cells remains unclear. In this study, the microarray expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Respiratory bacterial microbiota plays a key role in human health. Lung cancer microbiome is a significant yet an understudied area while bronchiectasis microbiome is often studied. We assessed the bacterial microbiota in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the patients with lung cancer and bronchiectasis against a healthy group and their variations in individuality. 16S rRNA gene based metagenomic

The blister blight disease caused by the fungus, Exobasidium vexans has serious implications on the quality of tea production. The disease however, has been poorly studied and hence there is very limited information on the pathogen and as such the pathogenesis of blister blight infection. One of the major roadblocks in understanding E. vexans is the obligate and biotrophic nature of the fungus which

Lipid accumulation is generally believed to be a partially growth-coupled biochemical process that results in differences in lipid content between different cells. To separate lipid-rich cells and increase the cellular biomass in bioreactors during the cultivation of the oleaginous yeasts, a gravity sedimentation system (GSS) is coupled to a bioreactor. The dilution rate (D) and the ratio of the outflow

A novel cellobiohydrolase (CBH)-generating fungi have been isolated and categorized as Schizophyllum commune KMJ820 based on morphology and rDNA gene sequence. Cellulose powder was used as carbon source, the total enzyme activity was 11.51 U/ml is noted; which is among the highest amounts of CBH-generating microbes studied. CBH have been purified to homogenize, with pursual of serial chromatography

Microsporidia are intracellular fungal parasites and they are the most common pathogens for sericulture. Microsporidian sp. can cause pebrine, a dreadful disease and lead to destructive disorder in Muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer by vertical and horizontal transmission. This disease is the key factor obstructing the developmental progress of Muga culture in India. Nevertheless, molecular

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused by Candida albicans, affects women's health and life. We aimed to explore the correlation between ERG3 as well as Efg1 mutation/overexpression and azoles-resistance, and the correlation between ERG3 and Efg1 mRNA expression in C. albicans. First, C. albicans was isolated from clinical VVC patients. ERG3 and Efg1 mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction

Salmonella is a gram-negative bacterium with intrinsic resistance to large-scaffold antibiotics due to the presence of an outer membrane. Based on the mode of action of the organic acids in outer membrane disintegration, and consequently, an enhancement in cell permeability, a combination of acetic acid and a large-scaffold antibiotic is it evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the

Amidase from Bacillus sp. APB-6 with very good acyltransferase activity was purified to homogeneity with a purification fold of 3.68 and 53.20% enzyme yield. The purified protein's subunit molecular mass was determined approximately 42 kDa. Hyperactivity of the enzyme was observed at pH 7.5 (150 mM, potassium-phosphate buffer) and 50 °C of incubation. An enhancement in activity up to 42% was recorded

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a pathogenic virus that causes high rates of porcine death, resulting in severe economic losses to the swine industry. In recent years, the prevalence of PCV2d genotype infection in pigs has increased, but most commercially available vaccines were developed against the PCV2a strain and do not ensure complete protection from PCV2d. Here, we first constructed an expression

Metagenomics is the study of gene pool of an entire community in a particular niche. This provides valuable information about the functionality of host-microbe interaction in a biological ecosystem. Efficient metagenomic DNA extraction is a critical pre-requisite for a successful sequencing run in a metagenomic study. Although isolation of human stool metagenomic DNA is fairly standardized, the same

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are envisioned as an evolving cost-effective process for treating organic wastes to simultaneously generate bioelectricity. Therefore, in present study a single chambered mediator- less air cathode MFC was operated for bioelectricity generation using citrus waste (CW) as a feedstock. The MFC was operated at four organic loading conditions (OLs; 3, 6, 9 and 12 kg/m3). The

Phytoplasma, an emerging plant pathogen is an endocellular obligate parasite of plant phloem tissues with highly reduced genomes and low GC content. They contain a minimal set of genes essential for survival as an intracellular parasite. The role of G-Quadruplexes in pathogenicity has been reported in a variety of microbial pathogens. Detailed investigation on the genome wide occurrence and distribution

Intercellular communication is a crucial process for the multicellular community in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Indole has been recognized as a new member of the signal molecules which enables the regulated control of various bacterial phenotypes. To elucidate the inter-species relationship among enteric microorganisms via indole signaling, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) culture was treated with indole

The proportion of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases has risen by 34% in the last 15 years in India. Cardiomyopathy is among the many forms of CVD s present. Infection of heart muscles is the suspected etiological agent for the same. Oral pathogens gaining entry into the bloodstream are responsible for such infections. Streptococcus mutans is an oral pathogen with implications in cardiovascular

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a serious microbe causing dental caries. Mutacin IV is an effective bacteriocin produced by S. mutans to antagonize numerous non-mutans streptococcal species. However, the posttranscriptional regulation of mutacin IV remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effect of small RNA srn225147 on mutacin IV. The functional prediction suggested that srn225147 is

Mutanases are enzymes that have the ability to cleave α-1,3 linkages in glucan polymer. In the present investigation, mutanase enzyme purified from the culture filtrate of Paracoccus mutanolyticus was evaluated for Streptococcal biofilm degradation and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi along with enzyme kinetics, activation energies, pH and thermal stability. Biochemical and molecular

Several species of microalgae have been known to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) with potential immune activity. In the present investigation, ethyl acetate fraction of crude EPS secreted by Dunaliella salina was explored for immunomodulatory activity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Effect of EPS on cell growth and cytokines production were measured using

Tinea pedis has been associated with Trichophyton rubrum infection. However, it's not clear whether other microbes were implicated in disease pathogenesis. The composition of microbial communities of patients with tinea pedis and healthy controls were analyzed to identify the characteristics of tinea pedis and differences associated with clinical patterns. We found that microbial community structures

Adenanthera pavonina is a native tree of Africa and Asia, introduced in Brazil for reforestation and wood industry. Several pharmacological activities have described scientifically, including antiviral activity. This study evaluated the antiviral effect of sulfated polysaccharide of Adenanthera pavonina (SPAp) against acyclovir (ACV)-resistant (AR-29) and sensitive (KOS) herpes simplex virus strains

Commensal bacterial population is believed to be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The infant gut microbiota has relatively higher abundance of ARGs than the adults. These genes can get transferred from commensals to pathogens by horizontal gene transfer, which magnifies the spectrum of antibiotic resistance in the environment. The presence of ARGs in neo-nates and infants, with no

Generation of biowastes is increasing rapidly and its uncontrolled, slow and persistent fermentation leads to the release of Green-house gases (GHGs) into the environment. Exploration and exploitation of microbial diversity for degrading biowastes can result in producing diverse range of bioactive molecules, which can act as a source of bioenergy, biopolymers, nutraceuticals and antimicrobials. The

Microbial enzymes are high in demand and there is focus on their efficient, cost effective and eco-friendly production. The relevant microbial enzymes for respective industries needs to be identified but the conventional technologies don't have much edge over it. So, there is more attention towards high throughput methods for production of efficient enzymes. The enzymes produced by microbes need to

With the omics tool, the challenges in understanding the microbial community functions are becoming more intriguing. It is the environment created scenario, which demands alignment of the different members of the community for the desired output leading to common condition for their survival. The resultant community pathways provide a broad umbrella of metabolic options giving the desired plasticity

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are synthesized by bacteria under unfavourable growth conditions like excess of carbon over nitrogen, coupled with oxygen limitation. The PHA polymers of microbial origin are diverse in chemical composition and material properties. A bioprocess for PHA production by indigenously isolated Bacillus flexus MTCC 12841 was devised and optimized at a laboratory fermentor scale

The production of cheap and effective compound for medicinal application is a major challenge for scientific community. So, several biological materials have been explored for the possible application in material synthesis which are useful in biomedical uses. Here, biomolecules from green tea leaves were functionalized on the surface of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (GSiO2 NPs). Next, the decoration

Human Aichivirus A (AiV-A) is classified as a Kobuvirus, group IV positive sense single strand RNA viruses. The first outbreak of AiV-A was reported from Aichi Prefecture, Japan in 1989. AiV-A exists not only among clinical patients, such as diarrhea, but also in a variety of water environments, as its occurrence is reported across a wide geographical range, from developing to advanced countries. For

Immobilization of enzymes through metal-based system is demonstrated as a promising approach to enhance its properties. In this study, the influence of metals ions, including copper, cobalt and zinc (Zn) on the immobilization of β-glucosidase (BGL) through the synthesis of protein-inorganic hybrid was evaluated at 4 °C. Among these metal ions-based hybrids, Zn showed the highest encapsulation yield

Filamentous bacteriophages are widely used in phage display technology. The most common quantification method is lysis plaque formation test (PFT). This technique has several disadvantages, and only quantifies infective phages and is not effective when phagemids are used. We developed a qPCR method directed against the M13 replication origin, which detects between 3.3 × 103 and 3.3 × 108 viral genome

The aim of work was to check and make comparison of efficacy for five approaches for petroleum crude contaminated agricultural soil remediation by making use of soil microcosms. Concerning the published literature in our information, this is the first report comparing five approaches i.e. abiotic losses, native microbial flora, nutrient amendments and pre-adapted native microbial culture and concurrent