No one questions the existence of presumptive knowledge of invisible organisms causing disease, decay and destruction mentioned before the discovery of the microbial world by Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, who was the first to describe the invisible world as per literature available today. However, the knowledge about microbial world by Indian Rishis presented in Sanskrit shlokas or suktas of our traditional

This study aimed to evaluate the intrinsic antibacterial activity and antibiotic-enhancing effect of an arylamino methylene derivative (MAD) in association with fluoroquinolones. The antibacterial activity against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was analyzed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth micro dilution method

Rapidly evolving sequencing technologies have enabled efficient sequencing of complex genomes and metagenomes. Here, we have presented our metagenomic analysis of rat faeces isolated DNA, sequenced using long-read sequencing technology. The microbiome changes in the rat faeces after sixteen weeks of prolonged administration of subcutaneous 1,2 dimethylhydrazine to induce colon carcinogenesis and oral

Worldwide, millions of individuals have been affected by the prevailing SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, a robust immune system remains indispensable, as an immunocompromised host status has proven to be fatal. In the absence of any specific antiviral drug/vaccine, COVID-19 related drug repurposing along with various other non-pharmacological measures coupled with lockdown have been employed to combat this infection

Histamine is a degradation product of the bacterial decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine; such activity is determined by histidine decarboxylase encoded by a gene cluster, carried by some Gram-positive bacteria, that includes the hdcA gene. In this study, the presence of the hdcA gene in ready-to-eat surströmming samples collected from three producers based in Sweden was directly assessed via

Immunotherapy based on genetic modification of T cells has played an important role in the treatment of tumors and viral infections. Moreover, adenoviral vectors engineered with improved safety due to their inability to integrate into the host genome have been key in the clinical application of T cell therapy. However, the commonly used adenoviral vector Ad5 exhibits low efficiency of infection of

Fungi are the primary infectious agents in plant crops and many post-harvest fungal diseases of fruit and vegetables causing significant economic losses worldwide. Here, the antifungal effect of Prosopis glandulosa extract (PgE) against phytopathogenic fungi was evaluated. The effect with PgE (5, 4, 2, 1, 0%) as AI (%) and radial growth rate reduction (Kr %) were determined in vitro in Colletotrichum

Oil tea Camellia is a major woody oil plant, which has a positive influence on alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of edible oil in China. Microbial fertilizer for Oil tea Camellia is urgently needed in current production, and it is of great significance to improve the yield and quality. Culturable functional microorganisms are the basis of research and development for microbial

In sectors like healthcare and hospitality, it has been realized that fabrics play a pivotal role in transfer of nosocomial infections. However, there is a major gap in drawing correlation between different fibre types and their interaction with microorganisms. Such information is important to formulate guidelines for textile materials for use in these sectors. In the current study, the adherence of

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins protect organisms from various environmental stresses; however, the underlying mechanism of LEA mediated therapeutic evasion is still unclear in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this study, group 3 LEA protein (G3LEA) of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium under sublethal concentration of vancomycin stress was evaluated and shown to have two functions:

Gut microbes play prime role in human health and have shown to exert their influence on various physiological responses including neurological functions. Growing evidences in recent years have indicated a key role of gut microbiota in contributing to mental health. The connection between gut and brain is modulated by microbes via neural, neuroendocrinal and metabolic pathways that are mediated through

Keratinous waste is the bulk by-product of various livestock industries. Slow natural degradation of keratin and less efficient chemical hydrolysis imposes challenge for the search of alternative recycling methods. Keratin degrading microbes hydrolyse keratin to soluble peptides and amino acids. Bacillus aerius NSMk2 showed great potential for hydrolysis of chicken feather waste. Bacillus aerius NSMk2

Microbes are mediators in almost all ecosystem processes and act as a pivotal game changer in various ecological activities, globally. Therefore, understanding of microbial community structure and related functions in different environmental and micro-environmental niches is not only critical, but also a matter of greatest importance. Due to our inability to cultivate and preserve all sorts of microorganisms

The presence of antineoplastic compounds in aquatic ecosystem is an emerging challenge for the society. Antineoplastic compounds released into the aquatic environment exhibit a potential threat to normal aquatic life. Particularly, antineoplastic compounds are responsible for direct or indirect interference with the cellular DNA of an organism and cause toxicity to cells. The present study focused

Trichophyton spp. is one of the main causative agents of dermatophytosis such as tinea ungium and tinea pedis. Resistance to antifungal drugs is a significant clinical problem in dermatophytosis. The main molecular mechanism of antifungal resistance to conventional therapy in dermatophytes is the expression of efflux pumps. Efforts aimed at improving the efficacy of current antifungals such as griseofulvin

The search for promising yeasts that surpass the fermentative capacity of commercial strains, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae CAT-1, is of great importance for industrial ethanol processes in the world. Two yeasts, Pichia kudriavzevii BB2 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae BB9, were evaluated in comparison to the industrial yeast S. cerevisiae CAT-1. The objective was to evaluate the performance profile

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19 has emerged as a major threat to human existence. COVID-19 seems to have undergone adaptive evolution through an intermediate host, most likely bats. The flu leads to severe pneumonia that causes respiratory and multi-organ failure. The absence of any known treatment procedures, drugs, or vaccines has created panic around

The aim of this study was to investigate the rumen microbial diversity and functionality in buffaloes fed with a blend of essential oils (BEO) using LSD switch over design. The BEO consisting of blend of Trachyspermum copticum (Ajwain) oil, Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) oil and Syzygium aromaticum (clove bud) oleoresin mixed in equal proportion, was fed at the rate of 0, 0.75 and 1.5 ml/100 kg

In the study, an extracellular enzyme HML CBH1 was purified from the fermentation solution of Aspergillus oryzae HML366, and characterized by biological and molecular analysis. Following the culturing of A. oryzae HML366 under the optimized conditions for enzyme production, an enzyme named HML CBH1 with a molecular weight of 48 kDa was purified using 3000 Da cellulose ultrafiltration column and anion

L-asparaginases are extensively applied in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The treatment regime of ALL consists of asparaginase from E. coli or Erwinia. The survival rate post-chemotherapy has increased to < 90% in recent years. Asparaginase therapy has also resulted in numerous toxicities to patients receiving therapy. This study demonstrates the reaction of normal cells of Danio

The biogenic tailoring of silver nanoparticles using plant extract is becoming an attractive approach in the current scenario. Manilkara zapota (MZ) is well known for its antibacterial, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, anti-fungal, anti-tumour, and free radical scavenging potential. Its plants extract is a rich source of secondary metabolites. Nowadays, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)

This study aimed to determine the ability of Fusarium verticillioides in developing mechanisms to counteract the antifungal effect of a fraction from Jacquinia macrocarpa plant extract (JmAF), as well as the morphological and physiological changes that occur during its exposure. The fungus was exposed to JmAF during consecutive periods. A culture sample was taken weekly to determine radial growth,

Gut microbiota is believed to play a crucial role in modulating obesity in humans, and probiotics affecting gut microbiota can alleviate some of the obesity-related health complications. The study was aimed to investigate changes in the composition of the gut microbiome in obese humans due to short-term (2 weeks) treatment of obese patients with a probiotic preparation containing Bifidobacterium longum

Commensal microorganisms are essential to the normal development and function of many aspects of animal biology. However, the dynamic shift patterns of the microbiota of different gut segments in sheep and the correlation between fat type large-tailed phenotype and microbiota remain poorly unknown. This study therefore sought to assess the composition and distribution of the intestinal microbiome,

The removal rate of Cr6+ has been explored by the optimized removal conditions. Five Cr-resistant strains were isolated from chromium-contained soil. The most efficient strain S1 was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain SZMC 6179J through 16S rDNA. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, including initial pH, initial Cr6+ concentration

Methanol production by co-culture of methanotrophs Methylocystis bryophila and Methyloferula stellata was examined from methane, a greenhouse gas. Co-culture exhibited higher methanol yield of 4.72 mM at optimum ratio of M. bryophila and M. stellata (3:2) compared to individual cultures. The immobilized co-culture within polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) showed relative efficiency of 90.1% for methanol production

Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. Further, the nation needs to fully establish and activate the national emergency operation framework.

Puma Yumco Lake (PYL) is an ultraoligotrophic freshwater lake that sits an altitude of 5030 m within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. The bacterial and archaeal diversity of the lake remains poorly understood, despite their potential to inform on biogeochemical cycling and environment-microbial associations in these unique environments. Here, the bacterial and archaeal communities of PYL were investigated

An endo-1,4-β-xylanase, XynA, from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24, was purified to homogeneity and exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa. The protein sequence of XynA was found to be similar to those of other Thermomyces lanuginosus derived xylanases and, as a result, could be used as a model enzyme for understanding the protein structure–activity relationship and facilitating protein

Pesticide accumulation in agricultural soils is an environmental concern, often addressed through distinct bioremediation strategies. This study has tried to analyze various soil bioremediation options viz., biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and natural attenuation in terms of efficiency and the response of autochthonous microbial flora by using atrazine as a model contaminant. Soil mesocosms were established

Catalase has crucial role in adaptive response to H2O2. Main channel structure responsible for substrate selectivity was estimated to understand the relationship between the evolutionary direction of catalases from Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans and Psychrobacter piscatorii which survive in cold and high concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and their catalytic property. E. oxidotolerans catalase (EKTA)

Human pathogens need to overcome an elaborate network of host defense mechanisms in order to establish their infection, colonization, proliferation and eventual dissemination. The interaction of pathogens with different effector molecules of the immune system results in their neutralization and elimination from the host. The complement system is one such integral component of innate immunity that is

Alternaria species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some pathotypes of Alternaria alternata infect economically important plants including cereal crops, vegetables and fruits. Specially, A. alternata generates toxins which contaminate food and feed. To date, management of A. alternata relies primarily on fungicides. However, the control efficacy in most cases is below expectation due to ubiquity of

Microbial enzymes are the safe alternatives to chemical based bleaching of pulp in paper mills. For effective biobleaching, both hemicellulolytic and lignolytic enzymes are required. This study reports laccase (L) + xylanase (X) and laccase (L) + mannanase (M) enzyme concoctions for pulp biobleaching derived from Bacillus sp. LX and Bacillus sp. LM isolated from the decaying organic matter. All enzymes

As the SARS-CoV-2 virus race around the world across the different population, there needs to be a consolidated effort to understand the divergence of demographically distributed strains. The emerging trends in SARS-CoV-2 genome data show specific mutation and genetic diversity, which could provide the basis to develop a cocktail of vaccine and may also be used to develop the region-specific diagnostic

The main goal was to evaluate if dried cyanobacterium (Arthrospira platensis) biomass added to unpasteurised apple juice could inhibit growth of fungi dominant in apples and which fraction of cyanobacterium biomass contributed to this phenomenon. A. platensis biomass, its protein and/or polysaccharide fraction were added to the sterilised apple juice inoculated with Aureobasidium pullulans LW14 and

Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699 produces rifamycin B and successors of this strain are in use for the industrial production of rifamycin B. Semisynthetic derivatives of rifamycin B are used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis. Although the rifamycin biosynthetic gene cluster was characterized two decades ago, the regulation of rifamycin B biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis mediterranei

Bacterial pigments are the unique and sustainable source of bioactive colour compounds used in cosmetics, food, textiles, printing and pharmaceutical products. Here, we report the pigment-producing isolates and their biological activities that could be benefited for different industries including cosmeceuticals. In this study, a total of 19 pigment-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from

The extent of mycorrhizal fungi colonization is an important factor for determining the function of mycorrhizal fungi in fungi–host interaction, and quantifying the extent of mycorrhizal fungi colonization is a fundamental and essential task for researchers engaged in mycorrhizal studies. Intersect methods, such as the gridline intersect and magnified intersections methods, are accurate and objective

Ochrobactrum genus is known to catabolize aromatic compounds. This study reports a complete genome sequence of Ochrobactrum sp. CPD-03 (~ 4.6 Mb of chromosomal features) responsible for chlorpyrifos (CP) isolated form a paddy field (20.3588° N, 85.8333° E) in Bhubaneswar, India. A comparative genomics approach was performed between CPD-03 and eight closely related genomes of other Ochrobactrum strains

Lactobacillus plantarum SP8, isolated from traditional Chinese pickle juice, was utilized for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), but the EPS yield was low under normal MRS medium. The single factor experiment and response surface methodology were used to optimize the medium components and culture conditions and the optimal conditions for EPS production were successfully obtained. Results

Hyperglycemia is one of the metabolic characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Considering that GDM is able to cause changes in the gut bacterial community and function in the mother’s intestine compared with healthy pregnant women, we aimed to clarify the correlation between hyperglycemia and gut microbiota in a GDM mouse model. Mice were divided into four groups: CE0, GDME0, CE18,

Human beings have co-evolved with the microorganisms in our environment for millions of years, and have developed into a symbiosis in a mutually beneficial/defensive way. Human beings have significant multifaceted relationships with the diverse microbial community. Apart from the important protective role of microbial community exposure in development of early immunity, millions of inimitable bacterial

Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae has been spreading worldwide, although the reports focusing on Indonesian V. cholerae are few. In this study, in order to investigate how V. cholerae transmitted to human from environment. We extended an epidemiological report that had investigated the genotype of V. cholerae isolated from human pediatric samples and environmental samples. We examined 44 strains of V

Current scenario in communicable diseases has generated new era that identifies the “One health” approach to understand the sharing and management of etiological agents with its impact on ecosystem. Under this context the relevance of zoonotic diseases generates major concern. The indiscriminate and higher use of antibiotics in animal husbandry creates substantial pressure on the gut microbiome for

Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite, with red pigmentation, produced by Serratia marcescens. Red pigment is a natural alkaloid whose chemical structure has three pyrrole rings. Prodigiosin has been described for several biological activities, including antitumor, inducing apotosis in T and B lymphocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of prodigiosin in NCHI-292, HEp-2, MCF-7 and

Pesticides are the chemicals used to prevent plant diseases, weeds, pests and to enhance the quality of the food products. The uniqueness of their chemical structure, and/or their interactions with the environment characterize the nature of pesticides. In most scenarios, the end users such as farmers and consumers, who know the serious effects of pesticides cannot translate this awareness into their

A putative glutamine synthetase (GS) was detected in a psychrophilic bacterium, Cryobacterium soli GCJ02. For gaining greater insight into its functioning, the gene was cloned and expressed in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli. The monomer enzyme with a molecular weight of 53.03 kDa was expressed primarily in cytosolic compartment. The enzyme activity was detected using glutamate and ATP. The optimum

Endophytes that represent a sub-set of plant resident microbes are a reservoir of bioactive metabolites. Many of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytes are silent under axenic culture conditions. Epigenetic reprogramming of such cryptic pathways is possible by use of small molecule modulators like prednisone. Methylation changes induced by prednisone, a hypomethylating epigenetic

The green synthesis of the flavor esters, n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate had the advantages over the chemical synthesis. The esterase from Candida parapsilosis could transform n-propanol, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol into n-propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate, respectively. The esterase was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At 30 °C for 1 d, the concentration

A 20-day trial was conducted to reveal bacterial community dynamics in a commercial nursery of larval Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. The bacterial communities in the ambient water were profiled by high-throughput sequencing of the V4–V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla between the metamorphosis stage and postlarval stage were Bacteroidetes

Sweat secretion keeps feet and insoles humid and rich in nutrients, which are the conditions needed to maintain abundant microbial growth. Analyzing the diversity and function of microorganisms in the insole is of great significance in the development of functional insoles and prediction of human foot hygiene condition. In this study, pure culture method, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology

For bacteria sampling studies, various collection methods have been used to identify bacteria. To obtain accurate information about bacteria, high quality samples should be obtained. In order to obtain a high quality sample, a stable and large number of DNA copies must be collected. This study compared the efficiency of different methods of bacterial gDNA extraction and bacteria collection according

It is very important to rapidly detect the contamination of Enterococcus faecalis in fermented foods such as Korean Kimchi to maintain its freshness since Kimchi is exported to all over the world. However, gene sequence of E. faecalis is very similar among various Lactobacillus. So, there have been difficulties in its screening. We have designed primers based on Bile salt hydrolase gene of E. faecalis

Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infection by blood transmission. C. albicans enters the blood circulation and adheres to the endothelial cells of the vascular wall. However, the detailed mechanism of the effect of C. albicans on the endothelial cells remains unclear. In this study, the microarray expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Respiratory bacterial microbiota plays a key role in human health. Lung cancer microbiome is a significant yet an understudied area while bronchiectasis microbiome is often studied. We assessed the bacterial microbiota in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the patients with lung cancer and bronchiectasis against a healthy group and their variations in individuality. 16S rRNA gene based metagenomic

The blister blight disease caused by the fungus, Exobasidium vexans has serious implications on the quality of tea production. The disease however, has been poorly studied and hence there is very limited information on the pathogen and as such the pathogenesis of blister blight infection. One of the major roadblocks in understanding E. vexans is the obligate and biotrophic nature of the fungus which

Lipid accumulation is generally believed to be a partially growth-coupled biochemical process that results in differences in lipid content between different cells. To separate lipid-rich cells and increase the cellular biomass in bioreactors during the cultivation of the oleaginous yeasts, a gravity sedimentation system (GSS) is coupled to a bioreactor. The dilution rate (D) and the ratio of the outflow

Mass catering services have increased in the last years since people need to eat out mainly by work or study reasons. Microbiological quality of foodstuffs (n = 156) was evaluated in 20 food establishment (cafes and canteens) of two universities of northern Portugal. Overall, data revealed a high level of microbiological quality of foods served. No safety risks for consumers were detected since Clostridium