The objective of this study was to characterize Polish penicillin-resistant, ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis (PRASEF), increasingly reported to the National Reference Centre for Susceptibility Testing, Poland, to elucidate the path of emergence of such strains. A total of 136 isolates were examined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and for the β-lactamase production (cefinase test)

Background:Klebsiella pneumoniae is currently considered as an immediate threat to human health due to its various multidrug efflux pumps. Microbially synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an attractive and eco-friendly approach to prevent antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In the present study, we compared the inhibitory effect of both commercial and green AgNPs by Bifidobacterium bifidum on

The detection of carbapenemase extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (EB) has become a major issue among critically ill patients, especially due to their impact on appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed at evaluating the potential contribution of molecular assays to early optimization of empirical antibiotic therapy among critically ill patients with carbapenemase-

This study was conducted to acknowledge microbiological and clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). A retrospective, 1:1 matched (age, gender, specimen source, and ward) case-control study was conducted during 2015–2017 in a tertiary teaching hospital in Anhui, China. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 136 broiler livers randomly purchased in 136 retail markets in Djelfa (Algeria). Isolation was performed on Hektoen agar and bacterial identification was carried out by API20E system and Maldi-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted

The increasing spread of carbapenem resistance is a serious global public health concern that negatively affects human and animal health. In this study we characterized the carbapenemase production in gram-negative bacteria isolated from different meat and meat products in Egypt. Phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility testing were investigated. Two Enterobacter cloacae complex strains, isolated from

The present study was carried out to characterize Salmonella serovars from commercial pig farms in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 81 samples were collected from the Agricultural Development Program farms between January and June 2017. Standard culture-based and polymerase chain reaction procedures were adopted in the isolation and identification of Salmonella serovars. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles

Background: Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) is increasing worldwide, but greatly varies geographically. We compared the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli infections at four distinct health care facilities in San Francisco, California.

Aims: Currently, limited antibiotics are available to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. One approach is the use of adjuvants in antibiotic therapy. 1,4-Naphthoquinones are naturally occurring alkaloids shown to have antibacterial properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the synergy between 1,4-naphthoquinone and selected β-lactam antibiotics and to

We aimed to compare efficacy of different patterns of antibiotics and explore the risk factors related to mortality in patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). This study retrospectively included 89 patients with BSIs due to CRKP with complete data during the year of 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii are problematic pathogens, with few treatment options for multidrug-resistant (MDR)-A. baumannii and few oral options for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and MDR-Enterobacteriaceae. Omadacycline, a newer tetracycline derivative, has activity against some of these pathogens. We tested the in vitro activity of omadacycline

The study provides data on antibiotic resistance as well as the virulence characteristics of Aeromonas caviae isolated from raw and treated wastewater. The isolates were identified as A. caviae by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the analyzed strains, high frequency for the following genes was observed: aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrB, and qnrD. The presence of qnrA and ogxB genes was not found in any strain. The

Many members of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens causing several infections in animals. The incidence of NTM infections and emergence of drug-resistant NTM strains are rising worldwide, emphasizing the need to develop novel anti-NTM drugs. The present study is aimed to identify broad-spectrum drug targets in NTM using a comparative genomics approach. The study identified

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections poses a catastrophic threat to medicine. The development of phage-based therapy combined with antibiotics might be an advantageous weapon in the arms race between human and MDR bacteria. A cocktail composed of the MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infecting bacteriophages with high lytic activity was used in combination with antibiotics to destroy

Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains are emerging globally in both humans and animals. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL screening were performed on pure cultures of 216 E. coli isolates from human and animal fecal samples as well as beef. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of resistance genes. Representative

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) on vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Bacterial proliferation was measured spectrophotometrically during growth in brain heart infusion broth with 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 12%, and 16% MSM. To assess the mechanism of inhibition, VRE was grown overnight with 0–16% MSM and enumerated on unmedicated

We have conducted a systematic review to update available information on plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mobilized colistin resistance [mcr]) genes in North African countries. We have searched the articles of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases reporting plasmid-mediated colistin resistance bacteria isolated in North African countries. After searching and selection, 30 studies that included

In recent years, nosocomial infections due to multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have been increasing, associated with growing trend of resistance to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones (FQs) worldwide. In this study, prevalence of beta-lactamase genes and resistance mechanisms to FQ were analyzed in 191 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates derived from respiratory tract infections in a teaching

The spreading of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli (GNB) must be considered as an “urgent” threat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and carbapenemase-producing GNB and to characterize the supporting genes in GNB specimens isolated from patients and healthy volunteers in Burkina Faso

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern. Understanding any role that urban seagulls may have as a reservoir of resistant bacteria could be important for reducing transmission. This study investigated fecal Escherichia coli isolates from seagulls (herring gulls and lesser black-backed gulls) to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) and fluoroquinolone-resistant

We investigated the antibiotic-resistance phenotypes and molecularly characterized class 1 integron gene cassettes from 113 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients. Primers specific for the class 1 integron integrase (intI1) gene were used to screen for these integrons using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The variable regions of the integrons were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Sputum was the

A total of 345 unique (one isolate per patient) clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered in our hospital over the past 3 years (2016–2018), with 325, 14, and 6 isolates carried blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-232, respectively. The six OXA-232-Kp isolates were recovered in neurosurgery intensive care unit in 2018. All OXA-232-Kp belonged to ST15, differed by one or

KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) has become an important public health issue. The previous intestinal colonization by KPC-Kp has been an important risk factor associated with the progression to infections. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic characterization of KPC-Kp isolates recovered from human rectal swabs in Brazil. We selected 102 KPC-Kp isolates collected during

Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of rifaximin resistance in a large collection of Enterobacterales resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. A simple agar screen was developed to detect high-level resistance.

Since carbapenems have been used for the treatment of infections in medical settings, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa containing resistance for carbapenems has become a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Information on carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates at community hospitals, including long-term care facilities and general hospitals, has rarely been reported in

Resistance is notoriously high in Asia but may not entirely explain therapeutic failures. Specific modes of bacterial life, such as biofilm or intracellular survival, may also contribute to the persistent and/or recurrent character of infections. Most Staphylococcus aureus isolates form biofilm and many survive and even thrive intracellularly. We collected 36 nonduplicate S. aureus isolates (including

Aim: In this study, we aimed to characterize the CRISPR-Cas systems in clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates and to investigate the potential association of CRISPR-Cas systems with bacterial virulence.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a relevant opportunistic pathogen, and one of the main microorganisms responsible for outbreaks in nosocomial infections worldwide. Its pathogenicity is mainly due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics and to its ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. The objective of this study was to characterize the biofilm formation cycle of A. baumannii isolated from a patient

The emergence and dissemination of high-risk clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in animal infections is a critical issue. We report the detection and genomic features of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESBL (CTX-M-15)-producing K. pneumoniae infecting a domestic cat. Whole-genome sequencing analysis identified the international ST340 (clonal group CG258), and

Background and Aim: Colistin is increasingly being used as a “last-line” therapy to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, when essentially no other options are available in these days. The aim of this study was to detect genes associated with colistin resistance in A. baumannii.

Introduction: In just two decades Acinetobacter baumannii has attained considerable importance, evolving from an insignificant organism to a leading pathogen especially in intensive care unit settings globally. Treatment options are already very limited and have almost run out due to the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Evaluation of antimicrobials that are currently in use to determine

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal inhabitant of human skin and mucosa, and a common nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised patients. S. epidermidis strains were isolated from places with precisely defined and controlled air quality and regular cleaning and disinfection regimes—cleanrooms. These strains were adapted to increasing concentrations of the quaternary ammonium disinfectant didecyldimethylammonium

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase (CP)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates are a public health concern at clinical level, mainly in Southern European countries. However, there are scarce data on the role of companion animals in the emergence of resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the presence of K. pneumoniae with relevant

Tigecycline-resistant enterococci are only rarely detected worldwide. In 2017, the National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci noticed a nosocomial cluster of tigecycline- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (TVRE) in a hospital of tertiary care in Northern Germany. Nineteen E. faecium isolates were analyzed by means of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field

Aim: To determine the genetic makeup of methicillin-sensitive/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA) from nasal colonization and environmental contamination in dental clinics.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of biomedical students' ongoing education, we assessed their knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobial use.

Appropriate empiric therapy reduces mortality and morbidity associated with serious Gram-negative infections. β-lactams (BLs) owing to their safety, efficacy, and coverage spectrum are the most preferred agents for empiric use. Inappropriate use of older penicillins and cephalosporins led to selection and spread of resistant clones. As a result, these valuable agents have lost their reliability compelling

Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps are important determinants of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. As one of the typical members of the RND superfamily, Escherichia coli OqxAB multidrug efflux pump confers resistance to antimicrobial agents, such as olaquindox and fluoroquinolone. In the present study, site-directed mutagenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility measurement

Both mcr-1 phosphoethanolamine transferase enzymes and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are the main plasmid-mediated mechanisms of resistance to colistin and third-generation cephalosporins, respectively, and currently considered a major concern to humans and food animals. Prevalence of mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from dairy cattle has rarely been reported. Our objective was to determine

Helicobacter pylori and non-H. pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) are associated with gastritis, ulcer, and gastric neoplasia. Because of the impossibility to culture them, diagnosis remains based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of biopsies. Owing to the lack of data concerning antibiotic resistance of NHPH, infected patients are usually treated using antibiotics, including clarithromycin

Enterobacteriales is an order of bacteria responsible for community and hospital-acquired infections related to high rates of antimicrobial resistance and increased treatment costs, morbidity, and mortality globally. The aims of this study were to analyze the frequency of the resistance genes detected and distribution over the years and sources of isolation in sequenced Enterobacteriales strains isolated

This study investigated the occurrence and resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw milk in the dairy farms over two seasons (spring and autumn) and across four regions that included 11 provinces in China. In total, 750 raw milk samples from the 405 dairy farms were collected. Fifteen antimicrobial agents were tested for antimicrobial resistance via disk diffusion tests,

A new member of the class metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) has emerged recently as a leading threat to the treatment of infections that have spread in all major Gram-negative pathogens. The enzyme inactivates antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. This review provides information

Salmonella enterica serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota frequently display several genetic mobile elements making them potential spreaders of resistance genes. Here, we phenotypically determined the antibiotic resistance profile and subsequently performed whole-genome sequencing on 36 isolates recovered from samples of fresh poultry meat, within the Portuguese Official Inspection Plan for Imported Foodstuffs

Objectives: Outbreak and endemic isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii are known to be polyclonal. In an ongoing study, we hypothesized that the patient gut was the source of the polyclonality where genetic exchanges take place. To test the hypothesis, we collected 270 serial rectal isolates from 32 adult intensive care unit patients over 16 months and investigated their drug resistance profiles.

Background: Despite the existence of discrete and varied studies regarding extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in Iran, a comprehensive analysis on the prevalence of ESBL-EC has not yet been carried out. The current study analyzed published data regarding ESBL-EC in different regions of Iran to gain insight into this significant subject.

This study aimed at determining the mechanisms of linezolid resistance and the molecular characteristics of clinical Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 15) isolates obtained from four Spanish hospitals. The detection of linezolid resistance mechanisms (mutations and acquisition of resistance genes) was performed by PCR/sequencing. The antimicrobial resistance and

Background: Infectious complications (IC) caused by bacterial strains often impede anticancer therapy. The study aimed to retrospectively analyze bacterial IC that could help predict the risk and optimize the empirical treatment for bacterial infections in pediatric cancer patients.

Disinfection and antisepsis are of primary importance in controlling nosocomial infections and outbreaks by pathogens expressing multiple resistance to antimicrobial agents (multidrug-resistant [MDR]) used in therapy. Nowadays, infections related to health services (HAIs) due to MDR and multidrug-susceptible (MDS) Corynebacterium striatum should not be underestimated, including patients using invasive

Thirty-nine carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) isolates collected from a Chinese tertiary hospital were used in the characterization of the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase genes. In total, 66.7% (26/39) of the CR-hvKP isolates were found to carry 16S rRNA methylase genes. The most frequently detected 16S rRNA methylase gene was armA (11/26, 42.3%), followed by rmtB

This study was performed to elucidate genetic relatedness and molecular resistance mechanisms of AmpC-producing multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates in University Hospital of Split (UHS), and define efficient antibiotics in vitro. A total of 100 nonrepeated, consecutive, amoxicillin/clavulanate- and cefoxitin-resistant P. mirabilis isolates were collected, mostly from urine (44%) and skin

Objectives: This study evaluated the performance of the Novodiag® CarbaR+ an automated qualitative nucleic acid-based diagnostic assay detecting the blaVIM, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-24, and ISAba1 associated blaOXA-51 carbapenemase genes and colistin resistance mcr-1 gene from clinical isolates or directly from rectal swabs.

Persister cells are a subpopulation of bacteria with the ability of survival when exposed to lethal doses of antibiotics, and are responsible for antibiotic therapy failure and infection recurrences. In this study, we investigated persister cell formation and the role of nisin in combination with antibiotics in reducing persistence in Listeria monocytogenes. We also examined the expression of toxin–antitoxin

Salmonella are the leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. The widespread use of antimicrobials as prophylactic, therapeutic, and growth promoters in both livestock and human medicine has resulted in selective pressure regarding antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This systematic review summarizes phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles in Salmonella isolates from human and swine sources

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antimicrobials (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, florfenicol, and tiamulin) against 24 Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae isolates obtained from sheep and goats and to compare the resulting antimicrobial profiles. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin had the

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen in hospital-acquired infections, and carbapenem resistance has been increasingly observed worldwide. Oxacillinase production by blaOXA-23 is a predominant and prevalent carbapenem resistance mechanism of A. baumannii, especially in China. Rapid and specific detection of blaOXA-23 may offer valuable insight for administration of directed antimicrobial

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales is a major public health concern worldwide, and methods for their prompt and reliable detection are highly demanded for therapeutic and hygiene control purposes. In this study, we evaluate the MBT STAR®-Carba assay (Bruker Daltonik) to detect the carbapenemase production in clinical and surveillance isolates from plate cultures and directly from

Objectives: To identify the changing trends of uropathogens over the years 2010–2017 and examine the incidence of both antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in urine cultures from pediatric patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the susceptibility of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides spp. strains, isolated from patients hospitalized in the clinical hospital in Poland to penicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole.

Clostridioides difficile ST37 is an emerging and prevalent multilocus sequence type and represents a lineage of clinical significance. This study aimed to characterize two epidemic C. difficile ST37 strains, CD161 and CDT4. CD161 acquires a chromosome and two distinct plasmids, pCD161-L, sharing high similarity with Clostridium phage, and pCD161-S, while CDT4 has a chromosome and a plasmid pCDT4 identical