Background There are important advances in the management of bacterial infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but there are many gaps in the field of fungal infections. Aims The aim of this study was to analyse whether chronic respiratory filamentous fungal colonization had clinical impact and whether antifungal treatment can change the disease. Methods The prospective, bicentric and descriptive

Background Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant and highly virulent yeast that spreads easily among patients. Aims To describe the characteristics of candidemia caused by C. auris in the southeast of Spain (Autonomous Community of Valencia – ACV) through a 5-year population-based study. Methods An analysis of all the episodes of candidemia diagnosed in the ACV, with approximately 4,500

Background Data regarding yeast microbiota in goat milk is scarce. Aims To isolate and identify species of the genus Candida in milk samples from clinically healthy goats, and evaluate their enzymatic activity and biofilm formation. Methods 1092 milk samples from clinically healthy goats were collected and processed. The yeast isolates were identified by phenotypic, methods and their enzymatic activity

Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas han aumentado en las últimas décadas y las opciones terapéuticas para combatirlas son limitadas. Los agentes antifúngicos empleados son útiles y tienen óptima actividad in vitro, pero pierden eficacia debido al desarrollo de resistencias por parte de los hongos. El incremento de especies con resistencia primaria o secundaria a algunos fármacos antifúngicos ha generado

La micología clínica está en continuo desarrollo. La aparición de nuevas guías clínicas ha permitido mejorar el abordaje de las infecciones fúngicas oportunistas, especialmente en pacientes con inmunosupresión (oncohematológicos y/o receptores de un trasplante). Al mismo tiempo el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas de diagnóstico y de nuevos fármacos antifúngicos con mayor espectro de acción y menos

La candidiasis invasora (CI) es la infección fúngica invasora (IFI) más frecuente en el paciente crítico, seguida por la aspergilosis pulmonar invasiva (API). Las guías internacionales ofrecen diferentes recomendaciones sobre los tratamientos antifúngicos de elección, si bien la mayoría de ellas se inclinan a favor de las equinocandinas para la CI y los triazoles para la API. Sin embargo, la anfotericina B

La inmunodepresión infantil es una condición que se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Los niños con cáncer, enfermedades hematológicas no malignas (como las inmunodeficiencias primarias), los receptores de trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos, los prematuros extremos y aquellos ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) pueden sufrir, en mayor medida, infecciones fúngicas

El tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora sigue siendo un reto, tanto para el diagnóstico como para la instauración de la terapia antifúngica adecuada. Candida auris es una levadura patógena responsable de brotes hospitalarios, especialmente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos; se caracteriza por una elevada resistencia a los antifúngicos, pudiendo llegar a ser multirresistente. En la actualidad

Las infecciones por hongos mucorales, con una incidencia en aumento tras las candidiasis y las aspergilosis, se caracterizan por la rápida invasión de los vasos sanguíneos y de otros órganos o estructuras adyacentes. Los mucorales suelen producir infección orbitorrinocerebral, pulmonar, cutánea, digestiva o diseminada, y su desarrollo se ve favorecido por ciertas enfermedades de base (diabetes, insuficiencia

Este trabajo hace una revisión de la evidencia y la seguridad recogidas, hasta la fecha, del uso de la anfotericina B liposomal (AmB-L) en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis visceral (LV). En el subcontinente indio, una dosis única de 10 mg/kg de AmB-L ha demostrado ser eficaz en el tratamiento de la LV por Leishmania donovani. En cambio, en África Oriental son necesarias dosis más altas de AmB-L,

Antecedentes Aun cuando es considerado un agente etiológico poco usual, Cyberlindnera (Candida) fabianii ha sido descrita como causante de septicemia en diversos reportes en los últimos años. Su identificación dudosa o incierta al utilizar métodos como CHROMagar Candida, API® Candida, API® ID32C o VITEK® MS, resulta en una subestimación de los casos producidos por esta levadura. Objetivos Informar

Background The fungi present in the decaying remains enable a better understanding of the processes of decomposition after death. There are not many studies about fungi on decaying bodies and it is not known which fungal sampling methods are effective. Aims The main objective of this study was to find the best method for sampling fungi in carcasses, prove the effectiveness of this method and identify

Background Recurrent vulvovaginitis is a growing problem that affects millions of women worldwide. In many cases it is treated as vulvovaginal candidiasis, but there is not always microbiological confirmation. Aims To determine the etiology of vulvovaginitis in a group of patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in which the data from the medical records of 316 adult patients who consulted

Background Although Candida is a commensal of the urogenital tract, intrauterine fungal infections are extremely uncommon in clinical practice. Aims In the present work we evaluated whether amniotic fluid (AF) possesses direct antifungal activity against clinical isolates of Candida albicans and other Candida species. Methods A total of 23 AF samples from pregnant women with gestational age of 38–41

La anfotericina B liposomal es una formulación lipídica del fármaco antifúngico anfotericina B con algunas características diferenciales en su comportamiento farmacológico que implican algunas ventajas clínicas de gran interés. Entre estas se encuentra la notable mejoría de la tolerabilidad sistémica y renal. Esta mejora se debe a la gran estabilidad del liposoma, promovida por su carga negativa, la

Desde hace 30 años la anfotericina B liposomal (AmB-L) es un agente fundamental para el tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasoras (IFI) causadas por una gran variedad de hongos filamentosos y levaduriformes. Los numerosos estudios realizados en este periodo han generado una considerable evidencia sobre su eficacia y seguridad, y la han convertido en el fármaco antifúngico de referencia en el

En este artículo se revisa el perfil de seguridad de la anfotericina B liposomal, haciendo hincapié en la toxicidad renal; se incluyen los factores de riesgo para su presentación, incidencia, gravedad y potencial reversibilidad.

Background Voriconazole (VRC) is widely recommended as the first-line therapy for invasive aspergillosis. However, surveillance studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in the frequency of azole resistance among Aspergillus fumigates isolates. In recent years, more studies on effective synergisms between natural agents and antifungal drugs have been published. Aims To evaluate the synergistic

Background The molecular reclassification of the order Trichosporonales placed the medically relevant Trichosporon species into three genera of the family Trichosporonaceae: Cutaneotrichosporon, Trichosporon, and Apiotrichum. From the clinical and epidemiological standpoint, it is important to identify any species of the family Trichosporonaceae because they present different antifungal susceptibility

Background Pulmonary mycoses resemble clinically and radiologically chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Studies describing the prevalence, etiology and clinical features of pulmonary mycosis are of crucial importance in the Brazilian Amazon. Aims To estimate the frequency of pulmonary mycoses in smear-negative tuberculosis patients; to describe their demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics;

A 31-year-old woman, with signs of HIV infection (oral thrush, weight loss, asthenia) presented to our hospital with dyspnea and fever. A rapid HIV test yielded a positive result, and cryptococcal capsular antigen was detected in serum. In the mycological study of the clinical respiratory samples, yeasts compatible with Cryptococcus were observed under light microscope in a wet mount; structures compatible

Background Liver abscesses caused by Candida species are mainly found in immunocompromised hosts, associated with conditions (such as neutropenia and mucositis) that facilitate the spreading of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract. Case report We present the case of a non-immunocompromised 72-year-old woman with a liver abscess caused by Candida haemulonii var. vulnera, in whom potential

Background The virulence of isolates among different Candida species causing candidemia may play a role in the prognosis of the patients. Furthermore, the potential relationship between genotype and virulence is still unclear and need to be further studied. Aims We aim to assess the relationship between genotype and virulence in Candida species using a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model. Methods

Background Cryptococcosis is a severe universally distributed mycosis which mainly affects immunocompromised hosts. This mycosis is caused by yeasts of two species complex of the genus Cryptococcus: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Meningeal cryptococcosis is the most frequent clinical presentation of this disseminated mycosis. The oral mucosa involvement is extremely unusual. Case

Background Mucor circinelloides is an opportunistic fungus capable of causing mucormycosis, a highly aggressive infection of quick spreading. Besides, it also has a high mortality rate due to late diagnosis and difficult treatment. Aims In this study we have identified the most immunoreactive proteins of the secretome and the total protein extract of M. circinelloides using sera from immunocompromised

Background The epidemiology of candidemia has changed over the last decades and varies widely among geographic areas. Aims We examined in children (aged 0–14) with candidemia the trends in the incidence rate of this infection, as well as the clinical characteristics of the patients, in order to optimize the prognosis and the control measures of this serious disease. Methods A retrospective cohort study

Background Sporotrichosis has been occurring as outbreaks in Brazil, reaching epidemic levels in some regions. Zoonotic transmission is the main route to acquire Sporothrix. Case report We describe a case of disseminated sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in an HIV/AIDS patient, with the presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Conclusions This case reinforces

Antecedentes Candida glabrata es un patógeno emergente con capacidad de desarrollar tolerancia y resistencia a los antifúngicos azólicos, lo que genera incertidumbre sobre la utilidad de la profilaxis antifúngica en recién nacidos. Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los factores asociados a la infección por C. glabrata en una UCIN que utiliza la profilaxis con fluconazol. Métodos Se

Background Mortality rate of invasive Candida infections is raising mainly amongst immunocompromised patients. These infections are hard-to-treat mainly due to the increasing incidence of resistance. The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette and major facilitator superfamily transporters is the main responsible for the failure of antifungal therapies. In a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model, β-lapachone

Background Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic disease in Latin America. In immunocompetent hosts, PCM occurs in two main clinical forms: acute and chronic. However, in HIV-infected patients PCM may show up simultaneous manifestations of acute and chronic forms. Case report We present the case of a patient diagnosed with HIV who had disseminated skin lesions and generalized lymphadenopathy,

Background Exophiala dermatitidis is a dematiaceous fungus known to cause superficial, subcutaneous, cutaneous and deep seated infections, and rarely central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). A case of CLABSI due to E. dermatitidis in an infant is described. Case report Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patient's chart and laboratory records. The isolate was identified

Background Patients with severe viral pneumonia are likely to receive high-dose immunomodulatory drugs to prevent clinical worsening. Aspergillus species have been described as frequent secondary pneumonia agents in severely ill influenza patients receiving steroids. COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are receiving steroids as part of their treatment and they share clinical characteristics

Critically ill COVID-19 patients have higher pro-inflammatory (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis alpha) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine levels, less CD4 interferon-gamma expression, and fewer CD4 and CD8 cells. This severe clinical situation increases the risk of serious fungal infections, such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Background Dermatophytoses in children are common pathologies worldwide caused mainly by Trichophyton rubrum. However, due to the globalization and the atypical pets that people nowadays own, some zoonotic species are also involved in these lesions. Case report We present two cases of tinea faciei caused by the zoonotic mould Trichophyton erinacei in two children that owned a guinea pig and a hedgehog

Antecedentes Candida albicans y Rhodotorula mucilaginosa son levaduras de importancia clínica en la cavidad oral. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos estas levaduras pueden producir enfermedades que deben ser controladas con antimicrobianos. Objetivos Evaluar y comparar la eficacia antifúngica de seis enjuagues bucales comerciales frente a aislamientos de C. albicans y R. mucilaginosa. Métodos Fue evaluada

Antecedentes La diabetes mellitus es un problema de salud pública en México. La tendencia de la enfermedad es creciente y del año 2000 al 2017 se confirmaron 7,32 millones de casos nuevos. Las micosis pulmonares son una de las posibles complicaciones de mayor gravedad. Objetivos Describir la frecuencia y las características clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de micosis pulmonar e identificar los

A 26 year_old woman, who had been submmited to a classic cholecystectomy for a lithic cholecystitis, was admitted in the Hepathology Unit of the F. J. Muniz Hospital of Buenos Aires City, due to persistent jaundice, weight loss, asthenia, arterial hypotension, ascites and periumbilical ulcer. These skin lesions were located under an adhesive tape which was around a Kehr tube. Laboratory studies showed

Antecedentes El género Curvularia incluye hongos filamentosos dematiáceos cada vez más reconocidos como patógenos en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Las entidades clínicas más comunes con las que se asocia este hongo son la sinusitis alérgica, la infección cutánea y la queratitis. En este trabajo se describe el primer caso descrito en España de infección cutánea por Curvularia pallescens y su tratamiento

Background Rhodotorula species were traditionally considered non-virulent environmental microorganisms, but are nowadays considered important human pathogens, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Case report We present the case of a 73 year-old man with diarrhea, anorexia and fever. In the blood analyses, both aerobic blood culture bottles yielded the growth of Rhodotorula dairenensis. The

Background Cutaneous congenital candidiasis (CCC) is a rare condition consisting of invasive fungal infection of the epidermis and dermis that mostly affects preterm infants. Maternal vaginal candidiasis is present in half of the cases, although the occurrence of invasive candidiasis during pregnancy or peripartum period is exceptional. Case report We present the case of a full-term infant that was

Antecedentes Schizophyllum commune es un hongo basidiomiceto ampliamente distribuido en la naturaleza. Su papel como responsable de enfermedad en el ser humano ha sido poco conocido, en parte debido a su difícil identificación. La incorporación a los laboratorios de técnicas de espectrometría de masas (MALDI-TOF) y biología molecular ha permitido la descripción de un mayor número de casos. Caso clínico

Antecedentes La primoinfección por Pneumocystis jirovecii ocurre de forma asintomática antes de los 6 meses de edad, lo que sugiere que la infección se adquiere muy precozmente en la vida. Se ha descrito también la presencia de neumonía por Pneumocystis en recién nacidos, lo que indica la necesidad de estudiar la colonización en el binomio madre-hijo. Objetivos Evaluar la prevalencia de colonización