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Determination of Optimal Antigen Yield and Virus Inactivation Conditions for the Production of the Candidate Foot-and-Mouth Disease Recombinant Vaccine Strain Asia1 Shamir-R in a Bioreactor Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Jae Young Kim, Sun Young Park, Gyeongmin Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Jong-Sook Jin, Dohyun Kim, Jong-Hyeon Park, Seong-Yun Jeong, Young-Joon Ko
Since the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in South Korea in 2010–2011, vaccination policies utilizing inactivated FMD vaccines composed of types O and A have been implemented nationwide. However, because type Asia1 occurred in North Korea in 2007 and intermittently in neighboring countries, the risk of type Asia1 introduction cannot be ruled out. This study evaluated the antigen yield and viral
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Acalculous Cholecystitis as a Complication of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: A Case-Based Scoping Review of the Literature Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Aristotelis Tsiakalos, Georgios Schinas, Aggelos Karatzaferis, Emmanouil Angelos Rigopoulos, Christos Pappas, Eleni Polyzou, Effrosyni Dimopoulou, George Dimopoulos, Karolina Akinosoglou
Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection manifests with diverse clinical symptoms, occasionally resulting in severe complications. This scoping review investigates the rare occurrence of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) in the context of primary EBV infection, with a focus on understanding its prevalence, clinical features, and underlying mechanisms. The study also explores EBV infection association
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Brincidofovir Effectively Inhibits Proliferation of Pseudorabies Virus by Disrupting Viral Replication Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Huihui Guo, Qingyun Liu, Dan Yang, Hao Zhang, Yan Kuang, Yafei Li, Huanchun Chen, Xiangru Wang
Pseudorabies is an acute and febrile infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the family Herpesviridae. Currently, PRV is predominantly endemoepidemic and has caused significant economic losses among domestic pigs. Other animals have been proven to be susceptible to PRV, with a mortality rate of 100%. In addition, 30 human cases of PRV infection have been reported in China
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Insights from Avian Influenza: A Review of Its Multifaceted Nature and Future Pandemic Preparedness Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Jianning He, Yiu-Wing Kam
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have posed a significant pandemic threat since their discovery. This review mainly focuses on the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatments of avian influenza viruses. We delve into the global spread, past pandemics, clinical symptoms, severity, and immune response related to AIVs. The review also discusses various control measures, including antiviral drugs
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Torque Teno Virus DNA Load in Blood as an Immune Status Biomarker in Adult Hematological Patients: The State of the Art and Future Prospects Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Eliseo Albert, Estela Giménez, Rafael Hernani, José Luis Piñana, Carlos Solano, David Navarro
A solid body of scientific evidence supports the assumption that Torque teno virus (TTV) DNA load in the blood compartment may behave as a biomarker of immunosuppression in solid organ transplant recipients; in this clinical setting, high or increasing TTV DNA levels precede the occurrence of infectious complications, whereas the opposite anticipates the development of acute rejection. The potential
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A Novel Tiled Amplicon Sequencing Assay Targeting the Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV) Genome Reveals Widespread Distribution in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems in the Province of Ontario, Canada Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Delaney Nash, Isaac Ellmen, Jennifer J. Knapp, Ria Menon, Alyssa K. Overton, Jiujun Cheng, Michael D. J. Lynch, Jozef I. Nissimov, Trevor C. Charles
Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus (ToBRFV) is a plant pathogen that infects important Solanaceae crop species and can dramatically reduce tomato crop yields. The ToBRFV has rapidly spread around the globe due to its ability to escape detection by antiviral host genes which confer resistance to other tobamoviruses in tomato plants. The development of robust and reproducible methods for detecting viruses
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Hereditary Connective Tissue Diseases and Risk of Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2 Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Maggie L. Bartlett, Daniel Sova, Mahim Jain
We completed a retrospective review of data collected by the JH-CROWN consortium based on ICD10 codes for a hospitalized cohort. The severity and prevalence of COVID-19 and development of PASC within heritable connective tissue diseases were unknown; however, clinical observation suggested a thorough examination was necessary. We compared rates of disease severity, death, and PASC in connective tissue
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Serologic, Virologic and Pathologic Features of Cats with Naturally Occurring Feline Infectious Peritonitis Enrolled in Antiviral Clinical Trials Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Brain G. Murphy, Diego Castillo, N E Neely, Amir Kol, Terza Brostoff, Chris K. Grant, Krystle L. Reagan
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a multisystemic, generally lethal immuno-inflammatory disease of domestic cats caused by an infection with a genetic variant of feline coronavirus, referred to as the FIP virus (FIPV). We leveraged data from four different antiviral clinical trials performed at the University of California, Davis. Collectively, a total of 60 client-owned domestic cats, each with
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Direct Evidence of Powassan Virus Vertical Transmission in Ixodes scapularis in Nature Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Rachel E. Lange, Melissa A. Prusinski, Alan P. Dupuis, Alexander T. Ciota
Powassan virus (POWV) is a tick-borne flavivirus endemic in North America and Russia. Experimental infections with POWV have confirmed horizontal, transstadial, vertical, and cofeeding transmission routes for potential virus maintenance. In the field, vertical transmission has never been observed. During New York State tick-borne pathogen surveillance, POWV RNA and/or infectious POWV was detected in
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Exogenous Application of dsRNA for Protection against Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Fulco Frascati, Silvia Rotunno, Gian Paolo Accotto, Emanuela Noris, Anna Maria Vaira, Laura Miozzi
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is an emerging plant pathogen, fast spreading in Asian and Mediterranean regions, and is considered the most harmful geminivirus of cucurbits in the Mediterranean. ToLCNDV infects several plant and crop species from a range of families, including Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Up to now, protection from ToLCNDV infection
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Small Molecules for the Treatment of Long-COVID-Related Vascular Damage and Abnormal Blood Clotting: A Patent-Based Appraisal Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Francesco Samarelli, Giovanni Graziano, Nicola Gambacorta, Elisabetta Anna Graps, Francesco Leonetti, Orazio Nicolotti, Cosimo Damiano Altomare
People affected by COVID-19 are exposed to, among others, abnormal clotting and endothelial dysfunction, which may result in deep vein thrombosis, cerebrovascular disorders, and ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases, to mention a few. Treatments for COVID-19 include antiplatelet (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel) and anticoagulant agents, but their impact on morbidity and mortality has not been proven
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Clinical Manifestations of Infections with the Omicron Sub-Lineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5: A Retrospective Follow-Up Analysis of Public Health Data from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Katja Verena Goller, Janine Ziemann, Christian Kohler, Karsten Becker, Nils-Olaf Hübner, on behalf of the CoMV-Gen Study Group
The Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 caused several waves of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany in 2022. In this comparative study, public health data on SARS-CoV-2 infections from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, between January and October 2022 were examined retrospectively using Pearson’s chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact tests for testing for statistical significance. Compared to BA.5 infections
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Acalculous Cholecystitis in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Evanthia Thomaidou, Eleni Karlafti, Matthaios Didagelos, Kalliopi Megari, Eleni Argiriadou, Karolina Akinosoglou, Daniel Paramythiotis, Christos Savopoulos
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) represents cholecystitis without gallstones, occurring in approximately 5–10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis in adults. Several risk factors have been recognized, while infectious diseases can be a cause of cholecystitis in otherwise healthy people. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
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SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Responses in Vaccination and Infection during the Pandemic in 2020–2022 Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Wakana Inoue, Yuta Kimura, Shion Okamoto, Takuto Nogimori, Akane Sakaguchi-Mikami, Takuya Yamamoto, Yasuko Tsunetsugu-Yokota
To gain insight into how immunity develops against SARS-CoV-2 from 2020 to 2022, we analyzed the immune response of a small group of university staff and students who were either infected or vaccinated. We investigated the levels of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific and nucleocapsid (N)-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva samples taken early (around 10 days after infection or vaccination)
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Viral Epitope Scanning Reveals Correlation between Seasonal HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses among Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Salum J. Lidenge, Dicle Yalcin, Sydney J. Bennett, Owen Ngalamika, Brenda B. Kweyamba, Chacha J. Mwita, For Yue Tso, Julius Mwaiselage, John T. West, Charles Wood
Seasonal coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known to contribute to cross-reactive antibody (Ab) responses against SARS-CoV-2. While these responses are predictable due to the high homology between SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs, the impact of these responses on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is unclear. To investigate the influence of prior HCoV infection on anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab responses
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Interferons in Viral Infections Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Pracheta Sengupta, Saurabh Chattopadhyay
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that inhibit viral replication in host cells by triggering innate immune responses through the transcriptional induction of various IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) [...]
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Comparative Analysis of Cytomegalovirus Gastrointestinal Disease in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Pai-Jui Yeh, Ren-Chin Wu, Yung-Kuan Tsou, Chien-Ming Chen, Cheng-Tang Chiu, Chien-Chang Chen, Ming-Wei Lai, Yu-Bin Pan, Puo-Hsien Le
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastrointestinal (GI) diseases impact both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals, yet comprehensive studies highlighting the differences between these groups are lacking. Methods: In this retrospective study (January 2000 to July 2022) of 401 patients with confirmed CMV GI diseases, we categorized them based on immunological status and compared manifestations
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Recent Molecular Characterization of Porcine Rotaviruses Detected in China and Their Phylogenetic Relationships with Human Rotaviruses Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Mengli Qiao, Meizhen Li, Yang Li, Zewei Wang, Zhiqiang Hu, Jie Qing, Jiapei Huang, Junping Jiang, Yaqin Jiang, Jinyong Zhang, Chunliu Gao, Chen Yang, Xiaowen Li, Bin Zhou
Porcine rotavirus A (PoRVA) is an enteric pathogen capable of causing severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. Investigating the prevalence and molecular characteristics of PoRVA in the world, including China, is of significance for disease prevention. In 2022, a total of 25,768 samples were collected from 230 farms across China, undergoing porcine RVA positivity testing. The results showed that 86.52%
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Natural Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes and Engineered Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Variants: Tropism Differences and Mechanistic Insights Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Estrella Lopez-Gordo, Kyle Chamberlain, Jalish Mahmud Riyad, Erik Kohlbrenner, Thomas Weber
Today, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors are arguably the most promising in vivo gene delivery vehicles for durable therapeutic gene expression. Advances in molecular engineering, high-throughput screening platforms, and computational techniques have resulted in a toolbox of capsid variants with enhanced performance over parental serotypes. Despite their considerable promise and emerging clinical
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The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Wild Rodents Captured in Tick-Borne Encephalitis Foci in Highly Endemic Lithuania Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Evelina Simkute, Arnoldas Pautienius, Juozas Grigas, Marina Sidorenko, Jana Radzijevskaja, Algimantas Paulauskas, Arunas Stankevicius
Wild rodents are considered to be one of the most important TBEV-amplifying reservoir hosts; therefore, they may be suitable for foci detection studies. To investigate the effectiveness of viral RNA detection in wild rodents for suspected TBEV foci confirmation, we trapped small rodents (n = 139) in various locations in Lithuania where TBEV was previously detected in questing ticks. Murine neuroblastoma
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Porcine Deltacoronavirus Occurrence in the United States Breeding Herds since Its Emergence in 2014 Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Mariana Kikuti, Catalina Picasso-Risso, Cesar A. Corzo
PDCoV, an enveloped RNA virus, causes atrophic enteritis in neonatal piglets, leading to diarrhea, malabsorption, dehydration, and death. The study aims to fill the gap in the current epidemiological information about PDCoV in the U.S. pig population after its emergence in 2014. Data from the Morrison Swine Health Monitoring Project (MSHMP) between January 2015 and December 2023 were analyzed, representing
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Immune System Deficiencies Do Not Alter SARS-CoV-2 Evolutionary Rate but Favour the Emergence of Mutations by Extending Viral Persistence Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Laura Manuto, Martina Bado, Marco Cola, Elena Vanzo, Maria Antonello, Giorgia Mazzotti, Monia Pacenti, Giampaolo Cordioli, Lolita Sasset, Anna Maria Cattelan, Stefano Toppo, Enrico Lavezzo
During the COVID-19 pandemic, immunosuppressed patients showed prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections, with several studies reporting the accumulation of mutations in the viral genome. The weakened immune system present in these individuals, along with the effect of antiviral therapies, are thought to create a favourable environment for intra-host viral evolution and have been linked to the emergence of new
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The Accumulation of Phenyllactic Acid Impairs Host Glutamine Metabolism and Inhibits African Swine Fever Virus Replication: A Novel Target for the Development of Anti-ASFV Drugs Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Junfei Dai, Xusheng Ma, Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet, Qian Li, Xiaofen Shang, Zhikuan Luo, Jianan Liu, Zhiyu Li, Mingxia Li, Yujie Song, Lijun Guo, Jie Zhang, Haixue Zheng
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and hemorrhagic disease caused by infection with the African swine fever virus (ASFV), resulting in a mortality rate of up to 100%. Currently, there are no effective treatments and commercially available vaccines for ASF. Therefore, it is crucial to identify biochemicals derived from host cells that can impede ASFV replication, with the aim of preventing
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Disease Course of Korean African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs Exposed Intraorally, Intranasally, Intramuscularly, and by Direct Contact with Infected Pigs Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ki-Hyun Cho, Seong-Keun Hong, Da-Young Kim, Hyun-Joo Sohn, Dae-Sung Yoo, Hae-Eun Kang, Yeon-Hee Kim
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal contagious disease affecting swine. The first Korean ASF virus (ASFV) isolate (Korea/Pig/Paju1/2019) was used to compare the disease course of ASFV in pigs inoculated via the four routes. In the challenge experiment, domestic pigs were infected via the intraoral (IO) and intranasal (IN) routes with a 106 50% hemadsorbing dose (HAD50) and an intramuscular (IM) injection
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Presence of Alphacoronavirus in Tree- and Crevice-Dwelling Bats from Portugal Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Mahima Hemnani, Priscilla Gomes da Silva, Gertrude Thompson, Patrícia Poeta, Hugo Rebelo, João R. Mesquita
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are RNA viruses capable of infecting a wide range of hosts, including mammals and birds, and have caused significant epidemics such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Bats, the second most diverse mammalian order, are hosts for various CoVs due to their unique immune responses and ecological traits. This study investigates CoV prevalence in crevice- and tree-dwelling bats in Portugal
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Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Roma Vulnerable Communities in Western Romania: Insights and Predictive Factors from a Retrospective Study Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Ionut Dragos Capraru, Catalin Marian, Dan Dumitru Vulcanescu, Sonia Tanasescu, Tiberiu Liviu Dragomir, Teodora Daniela Marti, Casiana Boru, Cecilia Roberta Avram, Monica Susan, Cristian Sebastian Vlad
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected vulnerable populations like Roma patients in Western Romania due to marginalization and limited healthcare access. Methods: A retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 cases between March 2020 and August 2022 using data from the Directorate of Public Health in Timis county. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were assessed
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Identification and Characterisation of a Myxoma Virus Detected in the Italian Hare (Lepus corsicanus) Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Elisa Rossini, Moira Bazzucchi, Valter Trocchi, Francesca Merzoni, Cristina Bertasio, Sascha Knauf, Antonio Lavazza, Patrizia Cavadini
Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a Leporipoxvirus (genus) belonging to the family Poxviridae; it is characterised by a genome of approximately 161 kb dsDNA encoding for several proteins that play an essential role in both host spectrum determination and immunomodulation. The healthy reservoir of the virus is Sylvilagus spp. At the same time, in wild and domestic European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), MYXV
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Novel Universal Recombinant Rotavirus a Vaccine Candidate: Evaluation of Immunological Properties Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Dmitriy L. Granovskiy, Nelli S. Khudainazarova, Ekaterina A. Evtushenko, Ekaterina M. Ryabchevskaya, Olga A. Kondakova, Marina V. Arkhipenko, Marina V. Kovrizhko, Elena P. Kolpakova, Tatyana I. Tverdokhlebova, Nikolai A. Nikitin, Olga V. Karpova
Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. Although rotavirus-associated mortality has decreased considerably because of the introduction of the worldwide rotavirus vaccination, the global burden of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis remains high. Current vaccines have a number of disadvantages; therefore, there is a need for innovative
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First Detection of Benign Rabbit Caliciviruses in Chile Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Elena Smertina, Luca M. Keller, Nina Huang, Gabriela Flores-Benner, Jennifer Paola Correa-Cuadros, Melanie Duclos, Fabian M. Jaksic, Cristóbal Briceño, Victor Neira Ramirez, Miguel Díaz-Gacitúa, Sebastián Carrasco-Fernández, Ina L. Smith, Tanja Strive, Maria Jenckel
Pathogenic lagoviruses (Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, RHDV) are widely spread across the world and are used in Australia and New Zealand to control populations of feral European rabbits. The spread of the non-pathogenic lagoviruses, e.g., rabbit calicivirus (RCV), is less well studied as the infection results in no clinical signs. Nonetheless, RCV has important implications for the spread of RHDV
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Quantifying Plant Viruses: Evolution from Bioassay to Infectivity Dilution Curves along the Model of Tobamoviruses Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Shaheen Nourinejhad Zarghani, Mehran Monavari, Amin Nourinejhad Zarghani, Sahar Nouri, Jens Ehlers, Joachim Hamacher, Martina Bandte, Carmen Büttner
This review describes the development of the bioassay as a means of quantifying plant viruses, with particular attention to tobamovirus. It delves into various models used to establish a correlation between virus particle concentration and the number of induced local lesions (the infectivity dilution curve), including the Poisson, Furumoto and Mickey, Kleczkowski, Growth curve, and modified Poisson
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Evaluation of Vaccine Immunogenicity—Correlates to Real-World Protection: Influenza Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Csaba Laszlofy, Gyorgy Fazekas, Zoltan Barath, Zoltan Vajo
Recent events highlighted that, despite decades of studying vaccine immunogenicity and efforts toward finding correlates of protection, evaluating real-world vaccine efficacy as well as establishing meaningful licensing criteria still represents a significant challenge. In this paper, we review all aspects of influenza vaccine immunogenicity, including animal and human challenge studies, humoral and
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The Medicinal Phage—Regulatory Roadmap for Phage Therapy under EU Pharmaceutical Legislation Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Timo Faltus
Bacteriophage therapy is a promising approach to treating bacterial infections. Research and development of bacteriophage therapy is intensifying due to the increase in antibiotic resistance and the faltering development of new antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy uses bacteriophages (phages), i.e., prokaryotic viruses, to specifically target and kill pathogenic bacteria. The legal handling of this type
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CRISPR RNA-Guided Transposases Facilitate Dispensable Gene Study in Phage Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Yanmei Liu, Zizhen Liang, Shuting Yu, Yanrui Ye, Zhanglin Lin
Phages provide a potential therapy for multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, a significant portion of viral genes often remains unknown, posing potential dangers. The identification of non-essential genes helps dissect and simplify phage genomes, but current methods have various limitations. In this study, we present an in vivo two-plasmid transposon insertion system to assess the importance
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Comprehensive Comparison of Baculoviral and Plasmid Gene Delivery in Mammalian Cells Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Maria Toth, Manuel Reithofer, Gregory Dutra, Patricia Pereira Aguilar, Astrid Dürauer, Reingard Grabherr
(1) Recombinant protein production in mammalian cells is either based on transient transfection processes, often inefficient and underlying high batch-to-batch variability, or on laborious generation of stable cell lines. Alternatively, BacMam, a transduction process using the baculovirus, can be employed. (2) Six transfecting agents were compared to baculovirus transduction in terms of transient and
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Structural Insights into Plant Viruses Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Eleonora V. Shtykova, Evgeniy V. Dubrovin, Alexander L. Ksenofontov, Polina K. Gifer, Maxim V. Petoukhov, Valeriy K. Tokhtar, Irina M. Sapozhnikova, Andrey N. Stavrianidi, Larisa V. Kordyukova, Oleg V. Batishchev
The structural study of plant viruses is of great importance to reduce the damage caused by these agricultural pathogens and to support their biotechnological applications. Nowadays, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy are well accepted methods to obtain the 3D protein structure with the best resolution. However, for large and complex supramolecular structures such
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Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 José J. Leija-Martínez, Luis A. Esparza-Miranda, Gerardo Rivera-Alfaro, Daniel E. Noyola
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented in order to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, potentially affecting the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This review evaluated the impact of NPIs on RSV-related hospitalizations in children during the lockdown (2020–2021) compared to the pre-pandemic (2015–2020) and post-lockdown (2021–2022)
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Recommendations for Uniform Variant Calling of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequence across Bioinformatic Workflows Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Ryan Connor, Migun Shakya, David A. Yarmosh, Wolfgang Maier, Ross Martin, Rebecca Bradford, J. Rodney Brister, Patrick S. G. Chain, Courtney A. Copeland, Julia di Iulio, Bin Hu, Philip Ebert, Jonathan Gunti, Yumi Jin, Kenneth S. Katz, Andrey Kochergin, Tré LaRosa, Jiani Li, Po-E Li, Chien-Chi Lo, Sujatha Rashid, Evguenia S. Maiorova, Chunlin Xiao, Vadim Zalunin, Lisa Purcell, Kim D. Pruitt
Genomic sequencing of clinical samples to identify emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 has been a key public health tool for curbing the spread of the virus. As a result, an unprecedented number of SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which allowed for rapid identification of genetic variants, enabling the timely design and testing of therapies and deployment of new vaccine formulations
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Development of Glycyrrhizinic Acid-Based Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP-GA) as An Adjuvant That Improves the Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Recombinant Protein Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 José Bryan García-Cambrón, José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez, Rocío Lara-Romero, David Quintanar-Guerrero, Gerardo Blancas-Flores, Brenda L. Sánchez-Gaytán, Irma Herrera-Camacho, Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has affected the pork industry worldwide and during outbreaks the mortality of piglets has reached 100%. Lipid nanocarriers are commonly used in the development of immunostimulatory particles due to their biocompatibility and slow-release delivery properties. In this study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) complex based on glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and tested
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Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in Renal Transplant Recipients: Species Diversity and Variability Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Noelia Soledad Reyes, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Raquel Jara, Fabio Filippini, Natalia Boccia, Gonzalo García, Eliana Hermida, Fernando Adrian Poletta, Mauro Pistello, Gustavo Laham, Fabrizio Maggi, Marcela Echavarria
Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a nonpathogenic and ubiquitous ssDNA virus, a member of the Anelloviridae family. TTV has been postulated as a biomarker in transplant patients. This study aimed to determine the TTV species diversity and variability in renal transplant recipients and to associate species diversity with the corresponding TTV viral load. From 27 recipients, 30 plasma samples were selected
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HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4+ T Cells Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Carlos Alberto Vanegas-Torres, Michael Schindler
HIV-1 encodes four accesory proteins in addition to its structural and regulatory genes. Uniquely amongst them, Vpr is abundantly present within virions, meaning it is poised to exert various biological effects on the host cell upon delivery. In this way, Vpr contributes towards the establishment of a successful infection, as evidenced by the extent to which HIV-1 depends on this factor to achieve
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γδ T Cells Mediate a Requisite Portion of a Wound Healing Response Triggered by Cutaneous Poxvirus Infection Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Irene E. Reider, Eugene Lin, Tracy E. Krouse, Nikhil J. Parekh, Amanda M. Nelson, Christopher C. Norbury
Infection at barrier sites, e.g., skin, activates local immune defenses that limit pathogen spread, while preserving tissue integrity. Phenotypically distinct γδ T cell populations reside in skin, where they shape immunity to cutaneous infection prior to onset of an adaptive immune response by conventional αβ CD4+ (TCD4+) and CD8+ (TCD8+) T cells. To examine the mechanisms used by γδ T cells to control
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Single-Dose Immunogenic DNA Vaccines Coding for Live-Attenuated Alpha- and Flaviviruses Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-10 Peter Pushko, Igor S. Lukashevich, Dylan M. Johnson, Irina Tretyakova
Single-dose, immunogenic DNA (iDNA) vaccines coding for whole live-attenuated viruses are reviewed. This platform, sometimes called immunization DNA, has been used for vaccine development for flavi- and alphaviruses. An iDNA vaccine uses plasmid DNA to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vitro or in vivo. When iDNA is injected into mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo, the RNA genome of an attenuated
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Duplex Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Quantification of Hepatitis E Virus in Food Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Gianfranco La Bella, Maria Grazia Basanisi, Gaia Nobili, Anna Mattea D’Antuono, Elisabetta Suffredini, Giovanna La Salandra
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents an emerging risk in industrialized countries where the consumption of contaminated food plays a pivotal role. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the most suitable methods for the detection and quantification of viruses in food. Nevertheless, quantification using RT-qPCR has limitations. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) provides the precise quantification
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Bactericera cockerelli Picorna-like Virus and Three New Viruses Found Circulating in Populations of Potato/Tomato Psyllids (Bactericera cockerelli) Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jennifer Dahan, Gardenia E. Orellana, Kaleigh B. Wald, Erik J. Wenninger, W. Rodney Cooper, Alexander V. Karasev
An investigation of viruses circulating in populations of field and laboratory potato/tomato psyllids (Bactericera cockerelli) was conducted using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology and conventional RT-PCR. Three new viruses were discovered: one from the family Tymoviridae and two from the family Solemoviridae. A tymo-like virus sequence represented a nearly complete 6843 nt genome of a virus
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Human Oncogenic Viruses: Characteristics and Prevention Strategies—Lessons Learned from Human Papillomaviruses Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Luisa Galati, Maria Vincenza Chiantore, Mariarosaria Marinaro, Paola Di Bonito
Approximately 12% of human cancers worldwide are associated with infectious agents, which are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 within the agents that are carcinogenic to humans. Most of these agents are viruses. Group 1 oncogenic viruses include hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi
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The Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2, Combined with ODN-39M, Is a Potential Component for an Intranasal Bivalent Vaccine with Broader Functionality Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Yadira Lobaina, Rong Chen, Edith Suzarte, Panchao Ai, Vivian Huerta, Alexis Musacchio, Ricardo Silva, Changyuan Tan, Alejandro Martín, Laura Lazo, Gerardo Guillén-Nieto, Ke Yang, Yasser Perera, Lisset Hermida
Despite the rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19, they have important limitations, such as safety issues, the scope of their efficacy, and the induction of mucosal immunity. The present study proposes a potential component for a new generation of vaccines. The recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein from the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was combined with the ODN-39M, a synthetic 39 mer unmethylated
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Structural Impact of the Interaction of the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein with Genomic RNA Segments Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Erwan Quignon, Damien Ferhadian, Antoine Hache, Valérie Vivet-Boudou, Catherine Isel, Anne Printz-Schweigert, Amélie Donchet, Thibaut Crépin, Roland Marquet
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a segmented genome consisting of eight viral RNAs (vRNAs) associated with multiple copies of viral nucleoprotein (NP) and a viral polymerase complex. Despite the crucial role of RNA structure in IAV replication, the impact of NP binding on vRNA structure is not well understood. In this study, we employed SHAPE chemical probing to compare the structure of NS and M
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Evaluation of the Polysaccharide “Immeran” Activity in Syrian hamsters’ Model of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Liubov Viktorovna Generalova, Denis Pavlovich Laryushkin, Irina Anatolievna Leneva, Anna Valerievna Ivanina, Galina Vladimirovna Trunova, Sergei Vladimirovich Dolinnyi, Evgenii Aleksandrovich Generalov
COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease with a high number of lethal cases in humans, which causes the need to search for new therapeutic agents. Polysaccharides could be one of the prospective types of molecules with a large variety of biological activities, especially antiviral. The aim of this work was to study the specific antiviral activity of the drug “Immeran” on a model of a new
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Identification of Three Novel Linear B-Cell Epitopes in Non-Structural Protein 3 of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Using Monoclonal Antibodies Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Mingjun Ye, Huixin Zhu, Zhen Yang, Yanni Gao, Juan Bai, Ping Jiang, Xing Liu, Xianwei Wang
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic swine coronavirus that causes diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, resulting in significant economic losses within the global swine industry. Nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) is the largest in coronavirus, playing critical roles in viral replication, such as the processing of polyproteins and the formation of replication-transcription complexes
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Modulation of Equid Herpesvirus-1 Replication Dynamics In Vitro Using CRISPR/Cas9-Assisted Genome Editing Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Rabab T. Hassanien, Côme J. Thieulent, Mariano Carossino, Ganwu Li, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
(1) Background: equid alphaherpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is a highly contagious viral pathogen prevalent in most horse populations worldwide. Genome-editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 have become powerful tools for precise RNA-guided genome modifications; (2) Methods: we designed single guide RNAs (sgRNA) to target three essential (ORF30, ORF31, and ORF7) and one non-essential (ORF74) EHV-1 genes and
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Severe Pneumonia Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Adenovirus in Children from 2 to 24 Months at Children’s Hospital 1 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Suong Thi Thu Nguyen, Tuan Anh Tran, Giau Van Vo
In Vietnam, due to the lack of facilities to detect respiratory viruses from patients’ specimens, there are only a few studies on the detection of viral pathogens causing pneumonia in children, especially respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (Adv). Here, we performed a cross-sectional descriptive prospective study on 138 children patients from 2 to 24 months old diagnosed with severe pneumonia
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Occult HBV Infection in Patients Infected by HIV or HCV: Comparison between HBV-DNA and Two Assays for HBsAg Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Silvia Meschi, Klizia Mizzoni, Bruno Daniele Leoni, Claudio Galli, Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Stefano Belladonna, Enrico Girardi, Fabrizio Maggi, the HBSAGN Study Group
We investigated the frequency and serological correlates of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) and the potential impact of a highly sensitive assay for HBsAg in subjects infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), who are also at risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, often in an occult form. Samples from 499 patients with HIV, all HBsAg negative and anti-HBc
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Evaluation of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnant Women Admitted to a University Hospital in Istanbul Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Evrim Ozdemir, Tugba Sarac Sivrikoz, Kutay Sarsar, Dilruba Tureli, Mustafa Onel, Mehmet Demirci, Gizem Yapar, Eray Yurtseven, Recep Has, Ali Agacfidan, Hayriye Kirkoyun Uysal
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause serious complications in immunocompromised individuals and fetuses with congenital infections. These can include neurodevelopmental impairments and congenital abnormalities in newborns. This paper emphasizes the importance of concurrently evaluating ultrasonography findings and laboratory parameters in diagnosing congenital CMV infection. To examine the prenatal characteristics
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Single MVA-SARS-2-ST/N Vaccination Rapidly Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against a Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Infection Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Sabrina Clever, Leonard Limpinsel, Christian Meyer zu Natrup, Lisa-Marie Schünemann, Georg Beythien, Malgorzata Rosiak, Kirsten Hülskötter, Katharina Manuela Gregor, Tamara Tuchel, Georgia Kalodimou, Astrid Freudenstein, Satendra Kumar, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Gerd Sutter, Alina Tscherne, Asisa Volz
The sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates the need for new vaccines that rapidly protect in the case of an emergency. In this study, we developed a recombinant MVA vaccine co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized spike protein (ST) and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N, MVA-SARS-2-ST/N) as an approach to further improve vaccine-induced immunogenicity and efficacy. Single MVA-SARS-2-ST/N vaccination
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Herpes Simplex Virus Bronchopneumonitis in Critically Ill Patients with Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: A Retrospective Analysis Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Miriam Dibos, Julian Triebelhorn, Jochen Schneider, Sebastian Rasch, Roland M. Schmid, Tobias Lahmer, Ulrich Mayr
(1) Background: Critically ill patients are frequently diagnosed with pulmonary Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV) reactivation, which then can lead to HSV bronchopneumonitis and is associated with higher mortality and longer mechanical ventilation. For the particular subgroup of critically ill patients with acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), however, the impact of HSV reactivation is unknown. We investigated
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Production of OSU G5P[7] Porcine Rotavirus Expressing a Fluorescent Reporter via Reverse Genetics Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Anthony J. Snyder, Chantal A. Agbemabiese, John T. Patton
Rotaviruses are a significant cause of severe, potentially life-threatening gastroenteritis in infants and the young of many economically important animals. Although vaccines against porcine rotavirus exist, both live oral and inactivated, their effectiveness in preventing gastroenteritis is less than ideal. Thus, there is a need for the development of new generations of porcine rotavirus vaccines
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Dolutegravir + Lamivudine vs. Dolutegravir + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine: Very-Low-Level HIV-1 Replication through 144 Weeks in the GEMINI-1 and GEMINI-2 Studies Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Mark Underwood, Rimgaile Urbaityte, Ruolan Wang, Joe Horton, James Oyee, Brian Wynne, Dainielle Fox, Bryn Jones, Choy Man, Jörg Sievers
In GEMINI-1/-2, dolutegravir + lamivudine was non-inferior to dolutegravir + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in achieving viral suppression (viral load [VL] < 50 copies/mL) in treatment-naive adults. Abbott’s RealTime HIV-1 assay provides quantitative VL (40–10,000,000 copies/mL) and qualitative target detected or target not detected (TND) for VL < 40 copies/mL. This post hoc
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Xanthomonas Phage PBR31: Classifying the Unclassifiable Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Rashit I. Tarakanov, Peter V. Evseev, Ha T. N. Vo, Konstantin S. Troshin, Daria I. Gutnik, Aleksandr N. Ignatov, Stepan V. Toshchakov, Konstantin A. Miroshnikov, Ibrahim H. Jafarov, Fevzi S.-U. Dzhalilov
The ability of bacteriophages to destroy bacteria has made them the subject of extensive research. Interest in bacteriophages has recently increased due to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, although genomic research has not kept pace with the growth of genomic data. Genomic analysis and, especially, the taxonomic description of bacteriophages are often difficult due to the peculiarities of the
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Discordant Antigenic Properties of Soluble and Virion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Sameer Kumar, Souradip Dasgupta, Mohammad M. Sajadi, Greg A. Snyder, Anthony L. DeVico, Krishanu Ray
Efforts to develop vaccine and immunotherapeutic countermeasures against the COVID-19 pandemic focus on targeting the trimeric spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines and therapeutic design strategies must impart the characteristics of virion S from historical and emerging variants onto practical constructs such as soluble, stabilized trimers. The virus spike is a heterotrimer of two subunits: S1
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Label-Free Quantitative Analysis of Pig Liver Proteome after Hepatitis E Virus Infection Viruses (IF 5.818) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Camillo Martino, Alessio Di Luca, Francesca Bennato, Andrea Ianni, Fabrizio Passamonti, Elisa Rampacci, Michael Henry, Paula Meleady, Giuseppe Martino
Hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), for which the main route of transmission is foodborne. In particular, infection in humans has been associated with the consumption of contaminated undercooked meat of pig origin. The aim of this study was to apply comparative proteomics to determine if porcine liver protein profiles could be used to distinguish