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In Planta Localization of Endophytic Cordyceps fumosorosea in Carrizo Citrus Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Ethan M. Doherty; Pasco B. Avery; Emily B. Duren; Liliana M. Cano; Lorenzo Rossi
Entomopathogenic fungi can be a useful resource for controlling insect vectors of citrus plant pathogens, such as the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) associated with huanglongbing or the citrus root weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus) associated with the spread of Phytophtora spp. In this study, Cordyceps fumosorosea (Cfr) was investigated in planta as a potential endophytic entomopathogenic fungus
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The Interplay between Campylobacter and the Caecal Microbial Community of Commercial Broiler Chickens over Time Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Ilaria Patuzzi; Massimiliano Orsini; Veronica Cibin; Sara Petrin; Eleonora Mastrorilli; Alessia Tiengo; Federica Gobbo; Salvatore Catania; Lisa Barco; Antonia Ricci; Carmen Losasso
Campylobacter is the most frequent foodborne zoonotic bacteria worldwide, with chicken meat being overwhelmingly the most important reservoir for human infections. Control measures implemented at the farm level (i.e., biosecurity or vaccination), which have been successfully applied to limit other pathogens, such as Salmonella, have not been effective in reducing Campylobacter occurrence. Thus, new
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The Oral Bacterial Community in Melanophryniscus admirabilis (Admirable Red-Belly Toads): Implications for Conservation Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Michele Bertoni Mann; Janira Prichula; Ícaro Maia Santos de Castro; Juliana Mello Severo; Michelle Abadie; Thayná Mendes De Freitas Lima; Valentina Caorsi; Márcio Borges-Martins; Jeverson Frazzon; Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
Melanophryniscus admirabilis (admirable red-belly toad) is a microendemic and critically endangered species found exclusively along 700 m of the Forqueta River, in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. One of the greatest concerns regarding the conservation of this species is the extensive use of pesticides in areas surrounding their natural habitat. In recent years, the adaptation
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Lectin-Mediated Binding of Engineered Lactococcus lactis to Cancer Cells Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Tina Vida Plavec; Abida Zahirović; Petra Zadravec; Jerica Sabotič; Aleš Berlec
Lectins have been increasingly utilized as carriers for targeted drug delivery based on their specific binding to glycans located on mammalian cells. This study employed two lectins, B subunit of bacterial Shiga holotoxin (Stx1B) and fungal Clitocybe nebularis lectin (CNL), for surface display on the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis. The specific adhesion of these engineered, lectin-displaying
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Dual Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activity of TcPaSK Peptide Derived from a Tribolium castaneum Insect Defensin Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Aida Robles-Fort; Inmaculada García-Robles; Wasundara Fernando; David W. Hoskin; Carolina Rausell; María Dolores Real
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found in the innate immune system of a wide range of organisms might prove useful to fight infections, due to the reported slower development of resistance to AMPs. Increasing the cationicity and keeping moderate hydrophobicity of the AMPs have been described to improve antimicrobial activity. We previously found a peptide derived from the Tribolium castaneum insect defensin
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Lower Recovery of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Outdoor Hawai’i Environmental Water Biofilms Compared to Indoor Samples Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Ravleen Virdi; Melissa E. Lowe; Grant J. Norton; Stephanie N. Dawrs; Nabeeh A. Hasan; L. Elaine Epperson; Cody M. Glickman; Edward D. Chan; Michael Strong; James L. Crooks; Jennifer R. Honda
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that can cause opportunistic pulmonary disease with species diversity showing significant regional variation. In the United States, Hawai’i shows the highest rate of NTM pulmonary disease. The need for improved understanding of NTM reservoirs led us to identify NTM from patient respiratory specimens and compare NTM diversity between outdoor
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Use of Network Analysis and Spread Models to Target Control Actions for Bovine Tuberculosis in a State from Brazil Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Nicolas Cespedes Cardenas; Pilar Pozo; Francisco Paulo Nunes Lopes; José H. H. Grisi-Filho; Julio Alvarez
Livestock movements create complex dynamic interactions among premises that can be represented, interpreted, and used for epidemiological purposes. These movements are a very important part of the production chain but may also contribute to the spread of infectious diseases through the transfer of infected animals over large distances. Social network analysis (SNA) can be used to characterize cattle
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HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Jean-François Bruxelle; Nino Trattnig; Marianne W. Mureithi; Elise Landais; Ralph Pantophlet
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) establishes a latent viral reservoir soon after infection, which poses a major challenge for drug treatment and curative strategies. Many efforts are therefore focused on blocking infection. To this end, both viral and host factors relevant to the onset of infection need to be considered. Given that HIV-1 is most often transmitted mucosally, strategies designed
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Helminth Interactions with Bacteria in the Host Gut Are Essential for Its Immunomodulatory Effect Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Milan Jirků; Zuzana Lhotská; Lucia Frgelecová; Oldřiška Kadlecová; Klára Judita Petrželková; Evan Morien; Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
Colonization by the benign tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has been associated with a reduction in intestinal inflammation and changes in bacterial microbiota. However, the role of microbiota in the tapeworm anti-inflammatory effect is not yet clear, and the aim of this study was to determine whether disruption of the microflora during worm colonization can affect the course of intestinal inflammation
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Martti Vasar; John Davison; Siim-Kaarel Sepp; Maarja Öpik; Mari Moora; Kadri Koorem; Yiming Meng; Jane Oja; Asem A. Akhmetzhanova; Saleh Al-Quraishy; Vladimir G. Onipchenko; Juan J. Cantero; Sydney I. Glassman; Wael N. Hozzein; Martin Zobel
Deserts cover a significant proportion of the Earth’s surface and continue to expand as a consequence of climate change. Mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are functionally important plant root symbionts, and may be particularly important in drought stressed systems such as deserts. Here we provide a first molecular characterization of the AM fungi occurring in several desert ecosystems
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Fructose and Trehalose Selectively Enhance In Vitro Sporulation of Paenibacillus larvae ERIC I and ERIC II Strains Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Maroš Laho; Mária Šedivá; Juraj Majtán; Jaroslav Klaudiny
Paenibacillus larvae is a Gram-positive bacterium, the spores of which are the causative agent of the most destructive brood disease of honeybees, American foulbrood (AFB). Obtaining viable spores of pathogen strains is requisite for different studies concerning AFB. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of five saccharides that may naturally occur in higher amounts in bee larvae on in
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Wide Distribution and Diversity of Malaria-Related Haemosporidian Parasites (Polychromophilus spp.) in Bats and Their Ectoparasites in Eastern Europe Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Attila D. Sándor; Áron Péter; Alexandra Corduneanu; Levente Barti; István Csősz; Zsuzsa Kalmár; Sándor Hornok; Jenő Kontschán; Andrei D. Mihalca
Malaria is responsible for major diseases of humans, while associated haemosporidians are important factors in regulating wildlife populations. Polychromophilus, a haemosporidian parasite of bats, is phylogenetically close to human-pathogenic Plasmodium species, and their study may provide further clues for understanding the evolutionary relationships between vertebrates and malarial parasites. Our
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Growth Phase Dependent Cell Shape of Haloarcula Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Sabine Schwarzer; Marta Rodriguez-Franco; Hanna M. Oksanen; Tessa E.F. Quax
Several haloarchaea are reported to be pleomorphic, while others exhibit remarkable shapes, such as squares. Recently, Haloferax volcanii was found to alter its morphology during growth. Cells are motile rods in early exponential phase, and immotile plates in stationary phase. It is unknown if this growth phase dependent cell shape alteration is a specific feature of Hfx. volcanii, or conserved amongst
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A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Aziz Eftekhari; Mahdieh Alipour; Leila Chodari; Solmaz Maleki Dizaj; Mohammad Reza Ardalan; Mohammad Samiei; Simin Sharifi; Sepide Zununi Vahed; Irada Huseynova; Rovshan Khalilov; Elham Ahmadian; Magali Cucchiarini
Recently, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in China and its subsequent spread across the world has caused numerous infections and deaths and disrupted normal social activity. Presently, various techniques are used for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with various advantages and weaknesses to each. In this paper, we summarize promising methods
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Taï Forest Virus Does Not Cause Lethal Disease in Ferrets Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Zachary Schiffman; Feihu Yan; Shihua He; Kevin Tierney; Wenjun Zhu; Karla Emeterio; Huajun Zhang; Logan Banadyga; Xiangguo Qiu
Filoviruses are zoonotic, negative-sense RNA viruses, most of which are capable of causing severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates, often with high case fatality rates. Among these viruses, those belonging to the Ebolavirus genus—particularly Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Bundibugyo virus—represent some of the most pathogenic to humans. Taï Forest virus (TAFV) is thought to be among the least
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Detection of Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts from Lamb’s Lettuce: CC–qPCR’s Intake Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Sophie Kubina; Damien Costa; Loïc Favennec; Gilles Gargala; Angélique Rousseau; Isabelle Villena; Stéphanie La Carbona; Romy Razakandrainibe
Cryptosporidium spp. is responsible for several food and waterborne disease outbreaks worldwide. Healthier lifestyles attract consumers to eat, notably, fresh food like fruits and vegetables. The consumption of raw or under-cooked food increases the risk of foodborne transmission of Cryptosporidiosis. The assessment of the consumer’s exposure to Cryptosporidium danger is crucial for public health.
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Mycotoxins, Pesticide Residues, and Heavy Metals Analysis of Croatian Cereals Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Marija Kovač; Mateja Bulaić; Jasna Jakovljević; Ante Nevistić; Tomislav Rot; Tihomir Kovač; Ivana Dodlek Šarkanj; Bojan Šarkanj
Cereals are still one of the most important food and feed sources, thus determining cereal’s safety, i.e., compliance with legislation, is extremely important. As systematic investigations of nowadays unavoidable secondary fungal metabolites and other common legally regulated contaminants occurrence in Croatian cereals are still lacking, this research aims to monitor the contamination levels of nation-wide
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Prevalence of ESβL, AmpC and Colistin-Resistant E. coli in Meat: A Comparison between Pork and Wild Boar Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Martina Rega; Ilaria Carmosino; Paolo Bonilauri; Viviana Frascolla; Alice Vismarra; Cristina Bacci
A global increase in Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to cephalosporins (extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESβLs) and AmpC β-lactamases) has been recorded in the last 20 years. Similarly, several studies have reported the spread of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from food and the environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of ESβL, AmpC and colistin-resistant
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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Diaporthe and Anamorph Phomopsis from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010–2019 Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Tang-Chang Xu; Yi-Han Lu; Jun-Fei Wang; Zhi-Qiang Song; Ya-Ge Hou; Si-Si Liu; Chuan-Sheng Liu; Shao-Hua Wu
The genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism
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Prokaryotic Diversity of the Composting Thermophilic Phase: The Case of Ground Coffee Compost Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Maria Papale; Ida Romano; Ilaria Finore; Angelina Lo Giudice; Alessandro Piccolo; Silvana Cangemi; Vincenzo Di Meo; Barbara Nicolaus; Annarita Poli
Waste biomass coming from a local coffee company, which supplied burnt ground coffee after an incorrect roasting process, was employed as a starting material in the composting plant of the Experimental Station of the University of Naples Federico II at Castel Volturno (CE). The direct molecular characterization of compost using 13C-NMR spectra, which was acquired through cross-polarization magic-angle
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Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Heterotrophic Protists (Cercozoa and Endomyxa) from Biological Soil Crusts Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Samira Khanipour Roshan; Kenneth Dumack; Michael Bonkowski; Peter Leinweber; Ulf Karsten; Karin Glaser
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) accommodate diverse communities of phototrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. Heterotrophic protists have critical roles in the microbial food webs of soils, with Cercozoa and Endomyxa often being dominant groups. Still, the diversity, community composition, and functions of Cercozoa and Endomyxa in biocrusts have been little explored. In this study, using a high-throughput
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Animal Models in the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Phage Therapy for Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria from the ESKAPE Group and the Reliability of Its Use in Humans Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Martyna Cieślik; Natalia Bagińska; Andrzej Górski; Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
The authors emphasize how extremely important it is to highlight the role played by animal models in an attempt to determine possible phage interactions with the organism into which it was introduced as well as to determine the safety and effectiveness of phage therapy in vivo taking into account the individual conditions of a given organism and its physiology. Animal models in which phages are used
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Antibiotic Resistance and Phylogeny of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated over Three Decades from Chicken Meat in the Norwegian Food Chain Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Even Heir; Birgitte Moen; Anette Wold Åsli; Marianne Sunde; Solveig Langsrud
Pseudomonas is ubiquitous in nature and a predominant genus in many foods and food processing environments, where it primarily represents major food spoilage organisms. The food chain has also been reported to be a potential reservoir of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas. The purpose of the current study was to determine the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in psychrotrophic Pseudomonas spp. collected
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Aquatic Bacterial Diversity, Community Composition and Assembly in the Semi-Arid Inner Mongolia Plateau: Combined Effects of Salinity and Nutrient Levels Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Xiangming Tang; Guijuan Xie; Keqiang Shao; Wei Tian; Guang Gao; Boqiang Qin
Due to the recent decades of climate change and intensive human activities, endorheic lakes are threatened by both salinization and eutrophication. However, knowledge of the aquatic bacterial community’s response to simultaneous increasing salinity and trophic status is still poor. To address this knowledge gap, we collected 40 surface water samples from five lakes and six rivers on the semi-arid Inner
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Multicenter Evaluation of an ELISA for the Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Antigen in Clinical Human Stool Samples Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Romy Razakandrainibe; Célia Mérat; Nathalie Kapel; Marc Sautour; Karine Guyot; Gilles Gargala; Jean-Jacques Ballet; Patrice Le Pape; French Cryptosporidiosis Network; Frédéric Dalle; Loïc Favennec
Human cryptosporidiosis remains underdiagnosed, and rapid/accurate diagnosis is of clinical importance. Diagnosis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst in stool samples by conventional microscopy is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and requires skillful experience. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in detecting Cryptosporidium spp. from
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Single Cell Analysis of Bistable Expression of Pathogenicity Island 1 and the Flagellar Regulon in Salmonella enterica Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 María Antonia Sánchez-Romero; Josep Casadesús
Bistable expression of the Salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and the flagellar network (Flag) has been described previously. In this study, simultaneous monitoring of OFF and ON states in SPI-1 and in the flagellar regulon reveals independent switching, with concomitant formation of four subpopulations: SPI-1OFF FlagOFF, SPI-1OFF FlagON, SPI-1ON FlagOFF, and SPI-1ON FlagON. Invasion
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Disentangling Responses of the Subsurface Microbiome to Wetland Status and Implications for Indicating Ecosystem Functions Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Jie Gao; Miao Liu; Sixue Shi; Ying Liu; Yu Duan; Xianguo Lv; Tsing Bohu; Yuehui Li; Yuanman Hu; Na Wang; Qiuying Wang; Guoqiang Zhuang; Xuliang Zhuang
In this study, we analyzed microbial community composition and the functional capacities of degraded sites and restored/natural sites in two typical wetlands of Northeast China—the Phragmites marsh and the Carex marsh, respectively. The degradation of these wetlands, caused by grazing or land drainage for irrigation, alters microbial community components and functional structures, in addition to changing
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Three Newly Isolated Bacteriophage Candidates, phiEF7H, phiEF14H1, phiEF19G, for Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Endophthalmitis Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Tatsuma Kishimoto; Waka Ishida; Tadahiro Nasukawa; Takako Ujihara; Isana Nakajima; Takashi Suzuki; Jumpei Uchiyama; Daisuke Todokoro; Masanori Daibata; Atsuki Fukushima; Shigenobu Matsuzaki; Ken Fukuda
Post-operative endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus spp. progresses rapidly and often results in substantial and irreversible vision loss. Therefore, novel alternative treatments that are effective against enterococcal endophthalmitis are required. Bacteriophage therapy has the potential to be an optional therapy for infectious diseases. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic potential of three
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Detection and Potential Virulence of Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) Listeria monocytogenes: A Review Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Nathan E. Wideman; James D. Oliver; Philip Glen Crandall; Nathan A. Jarvis
The detection, enumeration, and virulence potential of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens continues to be a topic of discussion. While there is a lack of definitive evidence that VBNC Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) pose a public health risk, recent studies suggest that Lm in its VBNC state remains virulent. VBNC bacteria cannot be enumerated by traditional plating methods, so the results from
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Genomic Features of MCR-1 and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales from Retail Raw Chicken in Egypt Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Mustafa Sadek; José Manuel Ortiz de la Rosa; Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky; Mohamed Korashe Dandrawy; Patrice Nordmann; Laurent Poirel
Colistin is considered as a last resort agent for treatment of severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Recently, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr type) have been reported, mainly corresponding to mcr-1 producers. Those mcr-1-positive Enterobacterales have been identified not only from human isolates, but also from food samples, from animal specimens and
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Fungal Endophytes as Efficient Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and their Prospective Applications in Natural Product Drug Discovery: Insights, Avenues, and Challenges Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Archana Singh; Dheeraj K. Singh; Ravindra N. Kharwar; James F. White; Surendra K. Gond
Fungal endophytes are well-established sources of biologically active natural compounds with many producing pharmacologically valuable specific plant-derived products. This review details typical plant-derived medicinal compounds of several classes, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, lignans, phenylpropanoids, quinones, saponins, terpenoids, and xanthones that are produced by endophytic
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Effects of Radiation Intensity, Mineral Matrix, and Pre-Irradiation on the Bacterial Resistance to Gamma Irradiation under Low Temperature Conditions Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Vladimir S. Cheptsov; Andrey A. Belov; Elena A. Vorobyova; Anatoli K. Pavlov; Vladimir N. Lomasov
Ionizing radiation is one of the main factors limiting the survival of microorganisms in extraterrestrial conditions. The survivability of microorganisms under irradiation depends significantly on the conditions, in which the irradiation occurs. In particular, temperature, pressure, oxygen and water concentrations are of great influence. However, the influence of factors such as the radiation intensity
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The Stable Matching Problem in TBEV Enzootic Circulation: How Important Is the Perfect Tick-Virus Match? Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Katrin Liebig; Mathias Boelke; Domenic Grund; Sabine Schicht; Malena Bestehorn-Willmann; Lidia Chitimia-Dobler; Gerhard Dobler; Klaus Jung; Stefanie C. Becker
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), like other arthropod-transmitted viruses, depends on specific vectors to complete its enzootic cycle. It has been long known that Ixodes ricinus ticks constitute the main vector for TBEV in Europe. In contrast to the wide distribution of the TBEV vector, the occurrence of TBEV transmission is focal and often restricted to a small parcel of land, whereas surrounding
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Fecal Microbiota Transplant from Human to Mice Gives Insights into the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Sebastian D. Burz; Magali Monnoye; Catherine Philippe; William Farin; Vlad Ratziu; Francesco Strozzi; Jean-Michel Paillarse; Laurent Chêne; Hervé M. Blottière; Philippe Gérard
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are associated with changes in the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota. However, the causal role played by the gut microbiota in individual susceptibility to NAFLD and particularly at its early stage is still unclear. In this context, we transplanted the microbiota from a patient with fatty liver (NAFL) and from a healthy individual
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Production Optimization, Structural Analysis, and Prebiotic- and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gluco-Oligosaccharides Produced by Leuconostoc lactis SBC001 Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Minhui Kim; Jae-Kweon Jang; Young-Seo Park
Leuconostoc lactis SBC001, isolated from chive, produces glucansucrase and synthesizes oligosaccharides through its enzymatic activity. This study was conducted to optimize oligosaccharide production using response surface methodology, analyze the structure of purified oligosaccharides, and investigate the prebiotic effect on 24 bacterial and yeast strains and the anti-inflammatory activity using RAW
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Impact of Antibiotics Associated with the Development of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis on Early and Late-Onset Infectious Complications Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Bretislav Lipovy; Jakub Holoubek; Marketa Hanslianova; Michaela Cvanova; Leo Klein; Ivana Grossova; Robert Zajicek; Peter Bukovcan; Jan Koller; Matus Baran; Peter Lengyel; Lukas Eimer; Marie Jandova; Milan Kostal; Pavel Brychta; Petra Borilova Linhartova
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare disease, which predominantly manifests as damage to the skin and mucosa. Antibiotics count among the most common triggers of this hypersensitive reaction. Patients with TEN are highly susceptible to infectious complications due to the loss of protective barriers and immunosuppressant therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship
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Corynebacterium glutamicum Mechanosensing: From Osmoregulation to L-Glutamate Secretion for the Avian Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Yoshitaka Nakayama
After the discovery of Corynebacterium glutamicum from avian feces-contaminated soil, its enigmatic L-glutamate secretion by corynebacterial MscCG-type mechanosensitive channels has been utilized for industrial monosodium glutamate production. Bacterial mechanosensitive channels are activated directly by increased membrane tension upon hypoosmotic downshock; thus; the physiological significance of
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Study on Bacteria Isolates and Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife in Sicily, Southern Italy Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Delia Gambino; Domenico Vicari; Maria Vitale; Giorgia Schirò; Francesco Mira; Maria La Giglia; Alessandra Riccardi; Antonino Gentile; Susanna Giardina; Anna Carrozzo; Valentina Cumbo; Antonio Lastra; Valeria Gargano
Wild environments and wildlife can be reservoirs of pathogens and antibiotic resistance. Various studies have reported the presence of zoonotic bacteria, resistant strains, and genetic elements that determine antibiotic resistance in wild animals, especially near urban centers or agricultural and zootechnical activities. The purpose of this study was the analysis, by cultural and molecular methods
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Improved Plasmid-Based Inducible and Constitutive Gene Expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Nadja A. Henke; Irene Krahn; Volker F. Wendisch
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been safely used in white biotechnology for the last 60 years and the portfolio of new pathways and products is increasing rapidly. Hence, expression vectors play a central role in discovering endogenous gene functions and in establishing heterologous gene expression. In this work, new expression vectors were designed based on two strategies: (i) a library screening of
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Core and Accessory Genome Analysis of Vibrio mimicus Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Iliana Guardiola-Avila; Leonor Sánchez-Busó; Evelia Acedo-Félix; Bruno Gomez-Gil; Manuel Zúñiga-Cabrera; Fernando González-Candelas; Lorena Noriega-Orozco
Vibrio mimicus is an emerging pathogen, mainly associated with contaminated seafood consumption. However, little is known about its evolution, biodiversity, and pathogenic potential. This study analyzes the pan-, core, and accessory genomes of nine V. mimicus strains. The core genome yielded 2424 genes in chromosome I (ChI) and 822 genes in chromosome II (ChII), with an accessory genome comprising
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Identification of an Acidic Amino Acid Permease Involved in d-Aspartate Uptake in the Yeast Cryptococcus humicola Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Daiki Imanishi; Yoshio Kera; Shouji Takahashi
d-aspartate oxidase (DDO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of acidic d-amino acids, and its production is induced by d-Asp in several eukaryotes. The yeast Cryptococcus humicola strain UJ1 produces large amounts of DDO (ChDDO) only in the presence of d-Asp. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between d-Asp uptake by an amino acid permease (Aap) and the inducible expression of ChDDO. We identified
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The Role of Polyphosphate in Motility, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation in Sulfolobales Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Alejandra Recalde; Marleen van Wolferen; Shamphavi Sivabalasarma; Sonja-Verena Albers; Claudio A. Navarro; Carlos A. Jerez
Polyphosphates (polyP) are polymers of orthophosphate residues linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds that are important in all domains of life and function in many different processes, including biofilm development. To study the effect of polyP in archaeal biofilm formation, our previously described Sa. solfataricus polyP (−) strain and a new polyP (−) S. acidocaldarius strain generated in this
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Tracing the Trophic Plasticity of the Coral–Dinoflagellate Symbiosis Using Amino Acid Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Christine Ferrier-Pagès; Stephane Martinez; Renaud Grover; Jonathan Cybulski; Eli Shemesh; Dan Tchernov
The association between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates is one of the most well-known nutritional symbioses, but nowadays it is threatened by global changes. Nutritional exchanges are critical to understanding the performance of this symbiosis under stress conditions. Here, compound-specific δ15N and δ13C values of amino acids (δ15NAA and δ13CAA) were assessed in autotrophic, mixotrophic
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Novel Models of Streptococcus canis Colonization and Disease Reveal Modest Contributions of M-Like (SCM) Protein Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Ingrid Cornax; Jacob Zulk; Joshua Olson; Marcus Fulde; Victor Nizet; Kathryn A Patras
Streptococcus canis is a common colonizing bacterium of the urogenital tract of cats and dogs that can also cause invasive disease in these animal populations and in humans. Although the virulence mechanisms of S. canis are not well-characterized, an M-like protein, SCM, has recently identified been as a potential virulence factor. SCM is a surface-associated protein that binds to host plasminogen
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Blastocystis sp. Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution amongst Syrian Refugee Communities Living in North Lebanon Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Salma Khaled; Nausicaa Gantois; Aisha Ayoubi; Gaël Even; Manasi Sawant; Jinane El Houmayraa; Mathieu Nabot; Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste; Magali Chabé; Gabriela Certad; Dima El Safadi; Fouad Dabboussi; Monzer Hamze; Eric Viscogliosi
Molecular data concerning the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. remain scarce in the Middle East. Accordingly, we performed the first molecular epidemiological survey ever conducted in the Syrian population. A total of 306 stool samples were collected from Syrian refugees living in 26 informal tented settlements (ITS) subjected or not to water, sanitation
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Infectious Agents in Lower Respiratory Tract Samples Belonging to Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary-Care Hospital, Located in an Epidemic Area, during the Italian Lockdown Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Adriana Calderaro; Mirko Buttrini; Sara Montecchini; Giovanna Piccolo; Monica Martinelli; Maria Loretana Dell'Anna; Alan Di Maio; Maria Cristina Arcangeletti; Clara Maccari; Flora De Conto; Carlo Chezzi
The aim of this study was the detection of infectious agents from lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples in order to describe their distribution in patients with severe acute respiratory failure and hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) in an Italian tertiary-care hospital. LRT samples from 154 patients admitted to ICU from 27 February to 10 May 2020 were prospectively examined for respiratory
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Comparative Genomics of Marine Bacteria from a Historically Defined Plastic Biodegradation Consortium with the Capacity to Biodegrade Polyhydroxyalkanoates Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Fons A. de Vogel; Cathleen Schlundt; Robert E. Stote; Jo Ann Ratto; Linda A. Amaral-Zettler
Biodegradable and compostable plastics are getting more attention as the environmental impacts of fossil-fuel-based plastics are revealed. Microbes can consume these plastics and biodegrade them within weeks to months under the proper conditions. The biobased polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer family is an attractive alternative due to its physicochemical properties and biodegradability in soil, aquatic
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The HrpG/HrpX Regulon of Xanthomonads—An Insight to the Complexity of Regulation of Virulence Traits in Phytopathogenic Bacteria Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Doron Teper; Sheo Shanker Pandey; Nian Wang
Bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas cause a wide variety of economically important diseases in most crops. The virulence of the majority of Xanthomonas spp. is dependent on secretion and translocation of effectors by the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) that is controlled by two master transcriptional regulators HrpG and HrpX. Since their discovery in the 1990s, the two regulators were the focal point
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Metagenomics Approaches for the Detection and Surveillance of Emerging and Recurrent Plant Pathogens Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Edoardo Piombo; Ahmed Abdelfattah; Samir Droby; Michael Wisniewski; Davide Spadaro; Leonardo Schena
Globalization has a dramatic effect on the trade and movement of seeds, fruits and vegetables, with a corresponding increase in economic losses caused by the introduction of transboundary plant pathogens. Current diagnostic techniques provide a useful and precise tool to enact surveillance protocols regarding specific organisms, but this approach is strictly targeted, while metabarcoding and shotgun
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Microbiome Signatures in a Fast- and Slow-Progressing Gastric Cancer Murine Model and Their Contribution to Gastric Carcinogenesis Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Prerna Bali; Joanna Coker; Ivonne Lozano-Pope; Karsten Zengler; Marygorret Obonyo
Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer in the world and infection with Helicobacterpylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of gastric cancer. In addition to Helicobacter infection, the overall stomach microbiota has recently emerged as a potential factor in gastric cancer progression. Previously we had established that mice deficient in myeloid differentiation primary response
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Interactions between Anaerobic Fungi and Methanogens in the Rumen and Their Biotechnological Potential in Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Materials Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Yuqi Li; Zhenxiang Meng; Yao Xu; Qicheng Shi; Yuping Ma; Min Aung; Yanfen Cheng; Weiyun Zhu
Anaerobic fungi in the digestive tract of herbivores are one of the critical types of fiber-degrading microorganisms present in the rumen. They degrade lignocellulosic materials using unique rhizoid structures and a diverse range of fiber-degrading enzymes, producing metabolic products such as H2/CO2, formate, lactate, acetate, and ethanol. Methanogens in the rumen utilize some of these products (e
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Microbiological Evaluation of the Disinfecting Potential of UV-C and UV-C Plus Ozone Generating Robots Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Angel Emilio Martínez de Alba; María Belén Rubio; María Eugenia Morán-Diez; Carlos Bernabéu; Rosa Hermosa; Enrique Monte
This study examined the microbicidal activity of ultraviolet (UV)-C185–256-nm irradiance (robot 1) and ozone generated at UV-C185-nm by low-pressure mercury vapor lamps (robot 2) adapted to mobile robotic devices for surface decontamination, which was achieved in less than 1 h. Depending on their wall structure and outer envelopes, many microorganisms display different levels of resistance to decontaminating
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Chlamydia Uses K+ Electrical Signalling to Orchestrate Host Sensing, Inter-Bacterial Communication and Differentiation Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Susan C. Andrew; Maud Dumoux; Richard D. Hayward
Prokaryotic communities coordinate quorum behaviour in response to external stimuli to control fundamental processes including inter-bacterial communication. The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia adopts two developmental forms, invasive elementary bodies (EBs) and replicative reticulate bodies (RBs), which reside within a specialised membrane-bound compartment within the host cell
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Differential Bacterial Predation by Free-Living Amoebae May Result in Blooms of Legionella in Drinking Water Systems Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Mohamed Shaheen; Nicholas J. Ashbolt
Intracellular growth of pathogenic Legionella in free-living amoebae (FLA) results in the critical concentrations that are problematic in engineered water systems (EWS). However, being amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB), how Legionella spp. becomes internalized within FLA is still poorly understood. Using fluorescent microscopy, we investigated in real-time the preferential feeding behavior of three water-related
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Self-Crossing Leads to Weak Co-Variation of the Bacterial and Fungal Communities in the Rice Rhizosphere Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Jingjing Chang; Shaohua Shi; Lei Tian; Marcio F. A. Leite; Chunling Chang; Li Ji; Lina Ma; Chunjie Tian; Eiko E. Kuramae
The rhizomicrobial community is influenced by plant genotype. However, the potential differences in the co-assembly of bacterial and fungal communities between parental lines and different generations of rice progenies have not been examined. Here we compared the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizomicrobiomes of female parent Oryza rufipogon wild rice; male parent Oryza sativa cultivated
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RNA Interference by Cyanobacterial Feeding Demonstrates the SCSG1 Gene Is Essential for Ciliogenesis during Oral Apparatus Regeneration in Stentor Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Wei Wei; Chuanqi Jiang; Xiaocui Chai; Juyuan Zhang; Cheng-Cai Zhang; Wei Miao; Jie Xiong
In the giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus, oral apparatus (OA) regeneration is an experimentally tractable regeneration paradigm that occurs via a series of morphological steps. OA regeneration is thought to be driven by a complex regulatory system that orchestrates the temporal expression of conserved and specific genes. We previously identified a S. coeruleus-specific gene (named SCSG1) that was significantly
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Elicitation of Antimicrobial Active Compounds by Streptomyces-Fungus Co-Cultures Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Matthieu Nicault; Ali Zaiter; Stéphane Dumarcay; Patrick Chaimbault; Eric Gelhaye; Pierre Leblond; Cyril Bontemps
The bacteria of the genus Streptomyces and Basidiomycete fungi harbor many biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are at the origin of many bioactive molecules with medical or industrial interests. Nevertheless, most BGCs do not express in standard lab growth conditions, preventing the full metabolic potential of these organisms from being exploited. Because it generates biotic cues encountered during
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Performance of a Four-Antigen Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Preclinical Models of Invasive S. aureus Disease Microorganisms (IF 4.152) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ingrid L. Scully; Yekaterina Timofeyeva; Arthur Illenberger; Peimin Lu; Paul A. Liberator; Kathrin U. Jansen; Annaliesa S. Anderson
A Staphylococcus aureus four-antigen vaccine (SA4Ag) was designed for the prevention of invasive disease in surgical patients. The vaccine is composed of capsular polysaccharide type 5 and type 8 CRM197 conjugates, a clumping factor A mutant (Y338A-ClfA) and manganese transporter subunit C (MntC). S. aureus pathogenicity is characterized by an ability to rapidly adapt to the host environment during