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Functional roles of GRP78 in Hepatitis B virus infectivity and antigen secretion Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Yadarat Suwanmanee; Masami Wada; Keiji Ueda
Viruses utilize cellular proteins to mediate their life cycle. However, the HBV life cycle is still mysterious and remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified GRP78/BiP/HSPA5, a 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein, as a preS2 interacting protein. Pulldown assay showed the interaction of GRP78 with both the preS2 domain‐containing Large S and Middle S proteins expressed in a human hepatocellular cell
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Downregulation of hepatitis C virus replication by miR‐196a using lentiviral vectors Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Maryam Shafaati; Marzieh Jamalidoust; Mohammad Kargar; Ehsan Arefian; Farshid Kafilzadeh
Hepatitis C virus is a positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA virus that causes chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cellular microRNAs directly modulate the viral infectivity and indirectly through targeting virus‐related host factors. They play an essential role in the progression of different stages of HCV infection. The roles of miR‐196 family in HCV infection and HCC progression remain
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Molecular characteristics of an adhesion molecule containing cholesterol‐dependent cytolysin‐motif produced by mitis group streptococci Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Airi Matsumoto; Atsushi Tabata; Kazuto Ohkura; Hiroki Oda; Chihiro Kodama; Hisashi Ohkuni; Ayuko Takao; Ken Kikuchi; Toshifumi Tomoyasu; Hideaki Nagamune
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae (SPpn) is a relatively new species closely related to S. pneumoniae (SPn) and S. mitis (SM) belonging to the Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus (MGS). Although genes encoding various pneumococcal virulence factors have been observed in the SPpn genome, the pathogenicity of SPpn against human, including the roles of virulence factor candidates, is still unclear. The
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The landscape of extrapulmonary manifestations of human parainfluenza viruses: A systematic narrative review Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Mohammad Farahmand; Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi; Mohammad Reza Jabbari; Mohammad Shayestehpour
Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infection is associated with every kind of respiratory tract illnesses, including the common cold, laryngotracheobronchitis (i.e. croup), tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, in both children and adults. Although HPIVs are common respiratory pathogens, there are increasing reports about extrapulmonary manifestations of HPIVs infection. Each of the HPIVs
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Reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 infectivity by admissible concentration of ozone gas and water Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Takayuki Murata; Satoshi Komoto; Satoko Iwahori; Jun Sasaki; Hironori Nishitsuji; Terumitsu Hasebe; Kiyotaka Hoshinaga; Yukio Yuzawa
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is causing the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Because complete elimination of SARS‐CoV‐2 appears difficult, decreasing the risk of transmission is important. Treatment with 0.1 and 0.05 ppm ozone gas for 10 and 20 hr, respectively, decreased SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity by about 95%. The magnitude of the effect was dependent
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HIV‐1 tracing method of systemic viremia in vivo using an artificially mutated virus pool Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Andrew Soper; Yoshio Koyanagi; Kei Sato
The appearance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) plasma viremia is associated with progression to symptomatic disease and CD4+ T cell depletion. To locate the source of systemic viremia, this study employed a novel method to trace HIV‐1 infection in vivo. We created JRCSFξnef, a pool of infectious HIV‐1 (strain JR‐CSF) with highly mutated nef gene regions by random mutagenesis PCR and
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The Guinea pig cytomegalovirus GP119.1 gene encodes an IgG‐binding glycoprotein that is incorporated into the virion Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Ryuichi Majima; Tetsuo Koshizuka; Naoki Inoue
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) encode various immunoevasins, including viral receptors for the Fc domain of host IgG (vFcγR), to evade host immune responses. Although guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) provides a useful animal model for congenital CMV infection, the GPCMV genes encoding such receptors have not yet been characterized. In this study, we analyzed a locus that may encode gene products for the GPCMV immune
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Influenza A virus protein PA‐X suppresses host Ankrd17‐mediated immune responses Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Mai Li; Wenbao Qi; Qing Chang; Ruohong Chen; Danlin Zhen; Ming Liao; Jikai Wen; Yiqun Deng
Influenza A virus (IAV) PA‐X is a critical ribonuclease protein involved in host cell shutoff but its role in modulating the host immune response to IAV infection remains to be addressed. In this study, host cellular proteins that directly interact with PA‐X were screened to investigate the biological function of PA‐X in the pathogenesis of IAV infection. The protein ankyrin repeat domain 17 (Ankrd17)
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Deneddylation by SENP8 Restricts Hepatitis B Virus Propagation Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 David Virya Chen; Tatsuya Suzuki; Yumi Itoh; Yusuke Maeda; Junki Hirano; Saori Haga; He Zhang; Daiki Ito; Yoshiharu Matsuura; Toru Okamoto
Proteins newly synthesized from messenger RNA (mRNA) undergo post‐translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. These PTMs have important roles in protein stability, localization, as well as conformation and have been reported as involved in HBV propagation. Although ubiquitination plays an essential role in HBV life cycles, the involvement
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Continuous prevalence of VEB‐3 extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Aeromonas hydrophila in a local river in Gifu City, Japan Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Tomoki Aratani; Nanami Koide; Kana Hayami; Michiyo Sugiyama; Toshifumi Minamoto; Tetsuo Asai
Antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria and resistance determinants are of great concern to human and veterinary medicine worldwide.
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Chronic hepatitis C virus infection impairs natural killer cells–dendritic cells cross‐talk: An in vitro culture study Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Dina Ragab; Dalia Samaha; Nesrine Mohamed; Mona Rafik; Walid Abdel Hady
To examine the cross‐talk between NK cells and DCs in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we isolated monocytes and NK cells from 20 chronic HCV patients and 20 healthy controls. Monocytes were used to generate immature DCs which were pulsed with HCV peptides (core, NS3–NS4, and NS5). Four different cocultures were carried out: E1, both DCs and NK cells were from a chronic HCV patient; E2, NK cells
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Identification of fungi isolated from astronaut nasal and pharyngeal smears and saliva under operations nomenclature, Myco Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Kazuo Satoh; Takashi Yamazaki; Satoshi Furukawa; Chiaki Mukai; Koichi Makimura
As part of a series of studies regarding the microbiota in manned space environments, we isolated the fungal strains from nasal and pharyngeal smears and saliva of 21 astronauts preflight, inflight, and postflight. On the ground, 120 strains from 43 genera of environmental fungi were isolated from the astronauts. The dominant fungal genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. Only 18 strains
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Distribution of amoebal endosymbiotic environmental chlamydia Neochlamydia S13 via amoebal cytokinesis Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-12-27 Miho Okude; Junji Matsuo; Tomohiro Yamazaki; Kentaro Saito; Yoshokazu Furuta; Shinji Nakamura; Jeewan Thapa; Torahiko Okubo; Hideaki Higashi; Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
We previously isolated a symbiotic environmental amoeba, harboring an environmental chlamydia, Neochlamydia S13. Interestingly, this bacterium failed to survive outside of host cells and was immediately digested inside other amoebae, indicating bacterial distribution via cytokinesis. This may provide a model for understanding organelle development and chlamydial pathogenesis and evolution; therefore
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Subtractive proteomic analysis of antigenic extracellular proteins and design a multi‐epitopes vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Vandana Solanki; Monalisa Tiwari; Vishvanath Tiwari
Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile Gram‐positive bacterium that can reside as an asymptomatic colonizer, which can cause a wide range of skin, soft‐tissue, and nosocomial infections. A vaccine against multi‐drug resistant S. aureus, therefore, is urgently needed. Subtractive proteomics and reverse vaccinology are the newly emerging techniques to design multiepitope‐based vaccines. The analysis of
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Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A cross‐sectional study Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Ehssan H. O. Moglad; Dalia A. O. Ahmed; Samah M. M. Awad AL‐Kareem; Amanda G. Elgoraish; Hatim T. O. Ali; Hisham N. Altayb
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is an endemic disease in Sudan, where it has rapidly become the major complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV among TB patients and evaluate the co‐infection rate. The association of HIV prevalence with gender, age, and duration of treatment as risk factors was
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Detection rates of periodontal bacteria and herpesviruses in different forms of periodontal disease Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Miljan Puletic; Branka Popovic; Sasa Jankovic; Gavrilo Brajovic
The aim was to investigate the detection rates of periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) and herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus‐1 [HSV‐1], cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein‐Barr virus [EBV]) in different forms and severity of periodontal disease, and to compare them with those in periodontally healthy
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Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus from Human Cases in North India, 2016 Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Naushad Khan; Ruchika Bhat; Vineet Jain; Siva Raghuvendara B; Ashok K. Patel; Pratima Ray
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) an arthropod‐borne Alphavirus is responsible for chikungunya fever and joint pain etc. Arthralgia is a major symptom; some patients recover early while others suffer for a very long time. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of three whole‐genome sequences of CHIKV have been carried out and assessed with phylogenetic analysis, physiological properties, antigenicity
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Prediction of Putative Epitope‐based Vaccine Against All Corona Virus strains for Chinese Population: Approach toward Development of Vaccine Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Hina Batool; Sana Batool; Malik Siddique Mahmood; Nada Mushtaq; Azmat Ullah Khan; Muhammad Ali; Kashif Iqbal Sahibzada; Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
Currently, the whole world is facing a COVID‐19 pandemic. As of now, approximately 0.15 million people around the globe are infected with the novel coronavirus. In the last decade, two strains of the coronavirus family, SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV also resulted in epidemics in south Asian and the Middle Eastern countries with high mortality rate. This scenario demands the development of a putative vaccine which
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Abiotrophia defectiva adhere to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads via interactions between salivary proline-rich-proteins and bacterial glycerlaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-12 Minoru Sasaki,Yoshitoyo Kodama,Yu Shimoyama,Taichi Ishikawa,Shihoko Tajika,Shigenobu Kimura
Abiotrophia defectiva is a species of nutritionally variant streptococci that is found in human saliva and dental plaques and that has been associated with infective endocarditis. In our previous study, it was found that A. defectiva could bind specifically to saliva‐coated hydroxyapatite beads (SHA). This study identified a cell surface component of A. defectiva that promotes adherence to SHA beads
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The candidate vaccine strain Brucella ovis ∆abcBA is protective against Brucella melitensis infection in mice. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Luciana Fachini Costa,Ana L Cabello,Diego Felipe Alves Batista,Sankar P Chaki,Paul de Figueiredo,Tatiane Alves da Paixão,Allison C Rice-Ficht,Thomas A Ficht,Renato Lima Santos
Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease, and Brucella melitensis is the species most often associated with human infection. Vaccination is the most efficient tool for controlling animal brucellosis, with a consequent decrease of incidence of human infections. Commercially available live attenuated vaccines provide some degree of protection, but retain residual pathogenicity to human and animals. In
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Cloning of hok gene into anhydrotetracycline inducible pASK75 vector reveals potent antimicrobial effect of 19 amino acid long N-terminal fragment of hok peptide. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Anit Kaur,Thungapathra Muthukumarappa,Poonam Kanta,Aaqib Zaffar Banday,Mohana Kumari Chidananda
An important toxin‐antitoxin (TA) system hok/sok, encoded by R1 plasmid of Escherichia coli, is involved in the post segregation killing of cells that have lost the plasmid. The lethal properties of hok protein have been utilized for the environmental containment of microbes and the development of potential vaccine candidates. This study aimed to demonstrate the potent anti‐microbial property of a
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Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Veterinary Isolates against Pbunavirus PB1-like Phages. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-12 Jumpei Fujiki,Takaaki Furusawa,Montgomery Munby,Chika Kawaguchi,Yumie Matsuda,Yusei Shiokura,Keisuke Nakamura,Tomohiro Nakamura,Michihito Sasaki,Masaru Usui,Tomohito Iwasaki,Satoshi Gondaira,Hidetoshi Higuchi,Hirofumi Sawa,Yutaka Tamura,Hidetomo Iwano
In recent years, antimicrobial‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have increased in the veterinary field. Therefore, phage therapy has received significant attention as an approach for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. In this context, we isolated and characterized four Pseudomonas bacteriophages. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated phages are novel Myoviridae Pbunavirus PB1‐like
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Monoclonal antibodies against foot‐and‐mouth disease virus RNA polymerase for detection of virus infection Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Anand Kushwaha; Subhasmita Behera; M. Saminathan; K Sreedharan; Suresh Basagoudanavar; G.B. Manjunatha Reddy; Madhusudan Hosamani
Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a major viral disease in farm animals. In the present study, seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against the FMD virus (FMDV)‐encoded RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (3D protein) and characterized. Screening of mAb reactivity against three overlapping fragments of the 3D protein expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that the binding sites of all the mAbs were
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Host response to the Subtilase cytotoxin produced by locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-negative Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Hiroyasu Tsutsuki,Kohei Ogura,Joel Moss,Kinnosuke Yahiro
Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major bacterium responsible for disease resulting from foodborne infection, including bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. STEC produces important virulence factors such as Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 and/or 2. In the STEC family, some locus of enterocyte effacement‐negative STEC produce two different types of cytotoxins, namely, Stx2 and subtilase cytotoxin
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Human herpesvirus 6A U27 plays an essential role for the virus propagation. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-08-22 Anna Lystia Poetranto,Aika Wakata,Lidya Handayani Tjan,Mitsuhiro Nishimura,Jun Arii,Yasuko Mori
Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV‐6A) is a member of the genus Roseolovirus and the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. It is similar to and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). HHV‐6A encodes a 41 kDa nuclear phosphoprotein, U27, which acts as a processivity factor in the replication of the viral DNA. HHV‐6A U27 has 43% amino acid sequence homology with HCMV UL44, which is important for DNA replication. A previous study
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High mobility group nucleosomal binding 2 reduces integrin α5/β1‐mediated adhesion of Klebsiella pneumoniae on human pulmonary epithelial cells via nuclear factor I Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Fan Geng; Zhihao Liu; Xingmin Chen; Huan Chen; Yanzhuo Liu; Jing Yang; Min Zheng; Lu Yang; Yan Teng
It has been reported that high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2) is a nucleus‐related protein that regulates gene transcription and plays a critical role in bacterial clearance. An elevated level of HMGN2 reduced integrin α5/β1 expression of human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells was demonstrated during Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, thus weakening bacterial adhesion and invasion
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Human leptospirosis in Marche region: over 10 years of surveillance Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Gloria Magi; Marina Mingoia; Gianluca Morroni; Simona Fioriti; Sonia Nina Coccitto; Laura Di Sante; Eleonora Giovanetti; Andrea Brenciani
We conducted a ten‐years retrospective study in 347 symptomatic individuals to assess the regional distribution of leptospirosis. 173 were diagnosed positive (49.8%): 11.5% were MAT‐positive, while 38.3% were found positive to Leptospira by microscopy analysis. The maximum peak of leptospirosis was reached in 2017 (n=32). The most common serovars were Icterohaemorragiae and Poi.
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CXC chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) disrupted the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells via regulating p38 signal Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Min Yu; Xiaokun Ma; Dudu Jiang; Lijing Wang; Qing Zhan; Jiangmin Zhao
The ischemia‐reperfusion‐induced damage in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is associated with disruption of the blood–brain barrier. CXC chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is reported to be up‐regulated in ischemic stroke. However, the detailed function of CXCL5 in this pathological process remains largely unclear. To further analyze the function of CXCL5 in ischemic stroke, an oxygen–glucose
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TIMM29 interacts with hepatitis B virus preS1 to modulate the HBV life cycle. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Nelly Gakii Muriungi,Keiji Ueda
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a major global health problem, can cause chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinomas in chronically infected patients. However, before HBV infection can be adequately controlled, many mysteries about the HBV life cycle must be solved. In this study, TIMM29, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, was identified as an interaction partner of the preS1 region
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Inhibition of JC Polyomavirus Infectivity by the Retrograde Transport Inhibitor Retro-2.1. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Tashania Treasure,Christian Ds Nelson
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a common human pathogen that results in a chronic asymptomatic infection in healthy adults. Under conditions of immunosuppression, JCPyV spreads to the central nervous system and can cause the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disease for which there are no vaccines or antiviral therapies. Retro‐2 is a previously identified small
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Animal infection models using non-mammals. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Chikara Kaito,Kanade Murakami,Lina Imai,Kazuyuki Furuta
The use of non‐human animal models for infection experiments is important for investigating the infectious processes of human pathogenic bacteria at the molecular level. Mammals, such as mice and rabbits, are also utilized as animal infection models, but large numbers of animals are needed for these experiments, which is costly, and fraught with ethical issues. Various non‐mammalian animal infection
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Production of high-titer transmission-defective RNA virus-based episomal vector using tangential flow filtration. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Yumiko Komatsu,Yoji Kakuya,Keizo Tomonaga
In recent years, viral vector based in vivo gene delivery strategies have achieved a significant success in the treatment of genetic diseases. RNA virus‐based episomal vector lacking viral glycoprotein gene (ΔG‐REVec) is a nontransmissive gene delivery system that enables long‐term gene expression in a variety of cell types in vitro, yet in vivo gene delivery has not been successful due to the difficulty
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Induction of antibody responses in mice immunized intranasally with Type I interferon as adjuvant and synergistic effect of chitosan. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Jun-Ichi Maeyama,Yuko Kurata-Iesato,Masanori Isaka,Takako Komiya,Shingou Sakurai
Type I IFNs are a range of host‐derived molecules with adjuvant potential; they have been used for many years in the treatment of cancer and viral hepatitis. Therefore, the safety of IFNs for human use has been established. In this study, we evaluated the mucosal adjuvanticity of IFN‐β administered intranasally to mice with diphtheria toxoid, and suggested a method to improve its adjuvanticity. When
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Resveratrol ameliorates thymus senescence changes in D-galactose induced mice. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Ting-Ting Wei,Meng-Jie Li,Li Guo,Yan-Dong Xie,Wen-Hui Chen,Yun Sun,Guo-Hong Liu,Yi Ding,Yu-Rong Chai
The thymic microenvironment plays an important role in the development of T cells. A decrease of thymic epithelial cells is the main cause of age‐related thymic atrophy or degeneration. Resveratrol (RSV), a phytoalexin produced from plants, has been shown to inhibit the adverse effects of dietary obesity on the structure and function of the thymus. D‐Galactose (D‐gal) can induce accelerated aging in
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Cooperative activation of the human herpesvirus 6B U79/80 early gene promoter by immediate-early proteins IE1B and IE2B. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Kazuya Shimada,Nobuyuki Kobayashi,Naomi Oka,Mayumi Takahashi,Kazuhiro Kondo
The human herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) U79/80 gene belongs to the early gene class and appears as early as 3 hr postinfection. It is one of the most abundantly expressed transcripts and a useful diagnostic marker for viral reactivation. However, the expression mechanisms of the U79/80 gene remain unclear. To identify the viral factor(s) that activates the U79/80 promoter along with other HHV‐6B core early
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The risk of unintentional propagation of poliovirus can be minimized by using human cell lines lacking the functional CD155 gene. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Satoshi Koike
After eradication and containment of wild poliovirus (PV) and cessation of oral polio vaccinations, it is critical to minimize the risk of reintroducing PV into PV‐free communities via facilities that handle the virus. The potential risk of unintentional PV propagation through unidentified contaminated materials is a serious issue. This study reports the generation of HeLa and RD‐A cells deficient
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Hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in southern Iran from 2016 to 2019. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Mandana Namayandeh,Marzieh Jamalidoust,Nahid Heydari Marandi,Nasrin Aliabadi,Atoosa Ziyaeyan,Gholamreza Pouladfar,Mazyar Ziyaeyan
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The treatment of HCV infection has become more complicated due to various genotypes and subtypes of HCV. The treatment of HCV has made significant advances with direct‐acting antivirals. However, for the choice of medicine or the combination of drugs for hepatitis C, it is imperative to detect and discriminate the crucial HCV genotypes
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Yersinia YopT Inhibits RLH-Mediated NF-κB and IRF3 Signal Transduction. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Dongyu Li,Haoyong Wang,Pingping Zhang,Yanhong Zhang,Xiang He,Hui Zhong,Kai Guan,Min Min,Qi Gao,Congwen Wei
The Gram‐negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia delivers six effector proteins into the host cells to block the host innate immune response. One of the effectors, YopT, is a potent cysteine protease that causes the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton to inhibit phagocytosis of the pathogen; however, its molecular mechanism and relevance to pathogenesis need further investigation. In this report, we
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Biogenesis of Type V pili. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Mikio Shoji,Satoshi Shibata,Takayuki Sueyoshi,Mariko Naito,Koji Nakayama
Pili or fimbriae, which are filamentous structures present on the surface of bacteria, were purified from a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in 1980s. The protein component of pili (stalk pilin), which is its major component, was named FimA; it has a molecular weight of approximately 41 kDa. Because the molecular weight of the pilin from P. gingivalis is twice that of pilins from other
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Host Phospholipase C-γ1 impairs phagocytosis and killing of mycobacteria by J774A.1 murine macrophages. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Ruchi Paroha,Rashmi Chourasia,Rupal Rai,Awanish Kumar,Ashish K Vyas,Shivendra K Chaurasiya,Anirudh K Singh
Macrophages represent the first line of defense against invading Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In order to enhance intracellular survival, Mtb targets various components of the host signaling pathways to limit macrophage functions. The outcome of Mtb infection depends on various factors derived from both host and pathogen. A detailed understanding of such factors operating during interaction of
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Pathogenicity of Clinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Thailand in a Mouse Colitis Model. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Phinitphong Sarichai,Songphon Buddhasiri,Georgia E Walters,Banyong Khantawa,Thattawan Kaewsakhorn,Kanittha Chantarasakha,Surapun Tepaamorndech,Parameth Thiennimitr
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium [STM]) is a leading cause of nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) worldwide. The pathogenesis of NTS has been studied extensively using a streptomycin‐pretreated mouse colitis model with the limited numbers of laboratory STM strains. However, the pathogenicity of the clinically isolated STM (STMC) strains endemic in Thailand in mice has not been explored
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Development of a novel T cell-oriented vaccine using CTL/Th-hybrid epitope long peptide and biodegradable microparticles, against an intracellular bacterium. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 Kazuki Tanaka,Noriyuki Enomoto,Masahiro Uehara,Kazuki Furuhashi,Shogo Sakurai,Hideki Yasui,Masato Karayama,Hironao Hozumi,Yuzo Suzuki,Tomoyuki Fujisawa,Naoki Inui,Yutaro Nakamura,Toshi Nagata,Takafumi Suda
Antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐lymphocytes (cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes: CTL), as well as CD4+ T‐lymphocytes (helper T‐lymphocytes: Th), simultaneously play an important role in the elimination of intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes. Administration of T‐cell epitope short peptide needs large numbers of peptides for effective vaccination due to its easily degradable
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Molecular characterization of rotaviruses obtained from patients with rotavirus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 Masaru Ihira,Yoshiki Kawamura,Hiroki Miura,Fumihiko Hattori,Yuki Higashimoto,Ken Sugata,Tomihiko Ide,Satoshi Komoto,Koki Taniguchi,Tetsushi Yoshikawa
Group A rotavirus (RVA) rarely causes severe complications such as encephalitis/encephalopathy. However, the pathophysiology of this specific complication remains unclear. Next‐generation sequence analysis was used to compare the entire genome sequences of RVAs detected in patients with encephalitis/encephalopathy and gastroenteritis. This study enrolled eight patients with RVA encephalitis/encephalopathy
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Persistence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase plasmids among Enterobacteriaceae in commercial broiler farms. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Montira Yossapol,Kasumi Suzuki,Odoi Justice Opare,Michiyo Sugiyama,Masaru Usui,Tetsuo Asai
To clarify the persistence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) producers, 13 plasmids from two broiler farms were analyzed. On the farm not using antimicrobials, one plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a day‐old chick was similar to that from Escherichia coli isolated a year later, with the deletion of two transposons. On the farm using antimicrobials, most circulating plasmids (eight
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Comments on "Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor repertoire analysis in a Caucasian Spanish cohort with inflammatory bowel disease". Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Itzel Viridiana Reyes-Pérez,Moisés Enciso-Vargas,José Macías-Barragán,Araceli Suggey Guerra-Rentería,Omar Graciano-Machuca
In 2016, López‐Hernández et al. published an interesting article titled Killer Immunoglobulin‐like receptor repertoire analysis in a Caucasian Spanish cohort with inflammatory bowel disease (1). In this article, the authors found and reported positive associations between KIR2DL5, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS5 and KIR3DS1 with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) susceptibility, KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS5 with Crohn's Disease
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Changes of frequency and expression level of CD161 in CD8+ T cells and natural killer T cells in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 Yumi Park,Jinsook Lim,Seon Young Kim,Gye Cheol Kwon,Sun Hoe Koo,Jimyung Kim
Immunologic abnormalities of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CD161 is expressed on most of the NK cells and on some T cells. The quantities of CD161‐expressing cells and expression levels of CD161 were analyzed in T cells and NK cells from patients with SLE compared with normal controls. The expression of CD161 on NK cells
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Interaction of Escherichia coli and its culture supernatant with Vibrio vulnificus during biofilm formation. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 Han-Min Ohn,Tamaki Mizuno,Yuki Sudo,Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
Vibrio vulnificus is a foodborne pathogen causing septicemia with high mortality rate. In this study, we explored how Escherichia coli, one of the commensal bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract, can interact with V. vulnificus. Our study results show that the amount of biofilm produced by V. vulnificus was reduced in the presence of E. coli ATCC 35218, although the growth of V. vulnificus L‐180
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Antiviral activities of mycophenolic acid and IMD-0354 against SARS-CoV-2. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 Fumihiro Kato,Shutoku Matsuyama,Miyuki Kawase,Takayuki Hishiki,Hiroshi Katoh,Makoto Takeda
In this study, the anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2) activity of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and IMD‐0354 was analyzed. These compounds were chosen based on their antiviral activities against other coronaviruses. Because they also inhibit dengue virus (DENV) infection, other anti‐DENV compounds/drugs were also assessed. On SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected VeroE6/TMPRSS2 monolayers
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Meningitis and bacteremia by nonhemolytic Group B Streptococcus strain: A whole genome analysis. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 Akihiko Shimizu,Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi,Tsuyoshi Sekizuka,Makoto Kuroda,Aya Koizumi,Masahiro Fujita,Yoshiyuki Yamada,Nobuhiro Saruki
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal infections. Most isolates are β‐hemolytic, and their activity is considered to be pivotal for GBS pathogenicity. We report a case of a neonate with meningitis caused by nonhemolytic GBS. The patient developed meningitis 3 days after birth. Genotyping was performed and the characteristics of the strain (GCMC97051) identified by whole genome
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Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Mozafar Hajijafari Anaraki,Nariman Sheikhi,Hadi Haghbin Nazarpak,Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni
Extensive rate of variations in the S1 gene (spike glycoprotein subunit gene) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes challenges for clinicians in counting variants for differentiation of infected from vaccinated birds and addressing the variants of unknown significance. This study investigated the possibility of using an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase gene (RdRp) as a target for molecular characterization
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Therapeutic effect of omega-3 fatty acids on T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Liu Ouyang,Yang Dan,Wenbin Hua,Zengwu Shao,Deyu Duan
The present study was to demonstrate that the G protein coupled receptors serve as targets for the treatment of autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Rats received pristane at the base of the tail. Affected joints were counted daily. The T cell mediated autoimmune diseases such as pristine‐induced arthritis (PIA) and autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a rat model
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Identification of the minimum region of Bordetella pertussis Vag8 required for interaction with C1 inhibitor. Microbiol. Immunol. (IF 1.566) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Naoki Onoda,Yukihiro Hiramatsu,Shihono Teruya,Koichiro Suzuki,Yasuhiko Horiguchi
An autotransporter of Bordetella pertussis , virulence‐associated gene 8 (Vag8), binds and inactivates the complement regulator, C1 inhibitor (C1‐Inh), and plays a role in evasion of the complement system. However, the molecular interaction between Vag8 and C1‐Inh remains unclear. Here, we localized the minimum region of Vag8 required for interaction with C1‐Inh by examining the differently truncated
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