The lack of a rapid and reliable diagnostic test for active tuberculosis is still a burden to the control of the infection. The accumulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific CD4+ T cells at the site of infection and the increase of MTB-specific CD27− cells seem to be characteristic for active tuberculosis. We evaluated CD27 expression of non-stimulated T cells at the site of infection compared

Emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates is a major public health problem that threatens progress made in tuberculosis (TB) care and control worldwide. In Colombia, the prevalence of MDR tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has increased slowly but steadily since 2001. However, the population structure of the MDR-TB strains circulating in Colombia is sparsely known

Objective Micro-nutrients are closely related to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Most patients with PTB suffer from micro-nutrients deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of micro-nutrients support on clinical therapy and chronic inflammation in patients with PTB. Methods We searched Pubmed, Springer link, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wan Fang and CNKI databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs)

Stool samples are alternatives to respiratory samples for bacteriological confirmation of childhood tuberculosis but require intensive laboratory processing before molecular testing to remove PCR inhibitors and debris. We aimed to develop a centrifuge-free processing method for use in resource-limited settings based on a sucrose-flotation method that showed good sensitivity for childhood tuberculosis

The success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a human pathogen depends on the bacterium's ability to persist in a quiescent form in oxygen and nutrient-poor host environments. In vitro studies have demonstrated that these restricting environments induce a shift from bacterial replication to non-replicating persistence (NRP). Entry into NRP involves changes in bacterial metabolism and remodeling of the

While Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary cause of tuberculosis in people, multiple other mycobacteria are capable of doing so. With the World Health Organization's goal of a 90% reduction in tuberculosis by 2035, all tuberculous mycobacteria need to be addressed. Understanding not only the similarities, but importantly the differences between the different species is crucial if eradication is

Biofilm formed in vitro by mycobacteria has been associated with increased antibiotic tolerance as compared with planktonic cells. Cellulose has been identified as a component of DTT-exposed biofilms formed by M. tuberculosis. The celA1 gene of M. tuberculosis encodes a cellulase, which could affect the formation of biofilm by slow-growing mycobacteria. In this work, the celA1 gene of M. tuberculosis

Background Since the implementation of the Xpert MTB/RIF in Sao Paulo, Brazil, numerous Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates presenting “rifampicin-resistant genotype with rifampicin-susceptible phenotype” were observed. Objective To evaluate the prevalence, rpoB mutations and transmission of M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin on Xpert MTB/RIF but susceptible on BACTEC MGIT system, in Sao Paulo

Of all bacterial infectious diseases, infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis poses one of the highest morbidity and mortality burdens on humans throughout the world. Due to its speed and cost-efficiency, manual microscopy of auramine-stained sputum smears remains a crucial first-line detection method. However, it puts considerable workload on laboratory staff and suffers from a limited sensitivity

Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest of infectious diseases. TB diagnosis, based on sputum microscopy, culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) to identify its main causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains challenging. The current available NAATs, endorsed by World Health Organization (WHO), can differentiate MTB from some MTB complex (MTBC) members. Using bioinformatics

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) has affected South American populations since ca. 200 years BCE. In Argentina, possible cases date from ca. 1000–1400 Common Era (CE). This paper describes the oldest (905–1030 CE) confirmed case of tuberculosis (TB) in a young adult male from Lomitas de Saujil (Tinogasta, Catamarca, Argentina). Osteolytic lesions on the bodies of the lower spine were macroscopically

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable airborne infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that primarily affects the lungs, and can disseminate to other parts of the body. MTB is one of the most dangerous pathogens, killing about 1.4 million people annually worldwide. Although the standard treatment of TB is comprised of four anti-TB drugs, the emergence of multidrug-resistant

Data from China have shown that the ratio of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigen (TBAg) spots obtained from the T-SPOT.TB test to the number of positive control phytohemagglutinin (PHA) spots (TBAg/PHA ratio) could help distinguish between active tuberculosis infection (ATBI) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). As the applicability of the T-SPOT.TB test may differ according to region

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis has great discriminative power for detecting similar molecular fingerprints of suspected tuberculosis (TB) clusters. The proportion of TB cases within clusters and the associated risk factors are important epidemiological parameters guiding appropriate outbreak control strategies in endemic settings. We conducted a hospital-based TB case-cohort study between 2003

Setting Studies evaluating Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Xpert Ultra) for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are scarce and have reported contrasting results in comparison to Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert). Objective To evaluate the performance of Xpert Ultra in diagnosing TBM and compare it with Xpert and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR). Design Xpert Ultra was performed on 244 cerebrospinal

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of real-time PCR (qPCR) and MALDI-TOF for accurate and timely detection of nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) from clinical isolates. We collected fifty NTM suspected Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) cultures and analysed the diagnostic performance of qPCR and VITEK MS using Line Probe Assay (LPA) GenoType CM (Common Mycobacteria) as gold standard

Regimens of current drugs for tuberculosis are lengthy and are associated with many adverse effects. Currently, the emergence of different resistant strains has been observed. This urges a need for the discovery and development of novel drugs. The main sources of drug lead candidates are based on natural products. Zanthoxylum leprieurii, Lantana camara, and Cryptolepis Sanguinolenta are among the plants

Our aim was to develop a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth inhibition assay (MGIA) as a summary estimate of host immune control of virulent Mtb. Mycobacterial growth inhibition (MGI) using previously frozen human PBMCs infected with H37Rv was assessed by live-cell imaging (Incucyte©) complemented by imaging flow cytometry analysis of phagocytosis. MGI measured as relative fluorescence units (RFU)

Borderline interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) results (near the cut-off level 0.35 IU/ml) occur in QuantiFERON (QFT) assays. We investigated the performance of alternative biomarkers for classification of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) status in pregnant women with borderline QFT IFN-γ responses. Pregnant women (n = 96) were identified from a cohort study in Ethiopia, based on QFT-Plus IFN-γ results (QFT-low:

The ability to genetically engineer pathogenic mycobacteria has increased significantly over the last decades due to the generation of new molecular tools. Recently, the application of the Streptococcus pyogenes and the Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR‐Cas9 systems in mycobacteria has enabled gene editing and efficient CRISPR interference‐mediated transcriptional regulation. Here, we converted CRISPR

The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of rifampicin (RMP) in Mexican patients with tuberculosis (TB) to evaluate the influence of anthropometric and clinical covariates, as well as genotypic variants associated with MDR1 and OATP1B1 transporters. A prospective study approved by Research Ethics Committee was performed at Hospital Central in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

Mutation in rpsL (encoding ribosomal protein S12), rrs (encoding 16S ribosomal RNA) and gidB (encoding 7-methylguanosine methyltransferase) are associated with resistance to streptomycin (STR), which is used for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Nepal. The aim of our study is to analyze the correlation between mutations in the target genes and STR-resistance in 197 Mycobacterium

Objective QFT-Plus's newly added antigen elicited a specific CD8 T-cell response, which is closely related to active TB (ATB), and the IGRA based on Heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA-IGRA) is a promising tool in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnosis. The objective of our study is to evaluate whether the combination of QFT-Plus and HBHA-IGRA can improve the diagnosis accuracy of ATB and

Tuberculosis (TB) is amongst the deadliest diseases worldwide. For effective control of TB a rapid, reliable and sensitive method for its diagnosis is essential. Serodiagnosis detecting multiple antibodies against antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in blood samples could prove beneficial. Based on the epitope position in the molecule, two truncated variants of Rv1984c, i.e., Tn1Rv1984c and

Background While T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been extensively studied, the role of B-cells and antibodies are less well characterised. The aim of this study was to assess levels of Mtb-specific IgG + plasmablasts across the Mtb infection spectrum. Methods Patients with active TB were analysed at baseline and 6 months of therapy (n = 20).Their exposed household contacts

Bovine tuberculosis is an important animal health problem and the predominant cause of zoonotic tuberculosis worldwide. It results in serious economic burden due to losses in productivity and the cost of control programmes. Control could be greatly improved by the introduction of an efficacious cattle vaccine but the most likely candidate, BCG, has several limitations including variable efficacy. Augmentation

Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) encompasses all forms of intra- and extra-ocular inflammation associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the organism is rarely found in ocular fluid samples of diseased eyes, rendering the pathomechanisms of the disease unclear. This confounds clinical decision-making in diagnosis and treatment of OTB. Here, we critically review existing human and

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the foremost organisms causing mortality in humans, and has been for most of human history. When faced with an infection the human immune system is ordinarily very competent in killing both extracellular and intracellular bacilli. However, Mtb is able to evade the host immune system and is even able to establish a persistent infectious reservoir by “hiding”

The spread of tuberculosis is directly related to the processes of globalization and migration. Tuberculosis has also been the main cause of fatality associated with antimicrobial resistance and also the main cause of death in people who have HIV infection. Additionally, tuberculosis smites the lungs in 80% of patients, and in the remaining 20% of patients the tuberculosis may smites other organs,

In this study, we aimed to assess the performance of Xpert in fresh tissue and formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens from suspected lymphatic tuberculosis for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A total of 52 suspected lymphatic tuberculosis (TB) samples and 10 non-tuberculous lymph nodes samples were collected from outpatients. Using the comprehensive diagnostic

The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of throat microbiota in pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) in comparison to healthy tuberculin skin test positive (TSTp) and negative (TSTn) individuals. Throat swabs samples were collected, and the microbiota was characterized. Richer operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present in PTB group, compared to TSTp and TSTn. Regarding alpha

This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of culture filtrate dependent subpopulations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a prospective cohort study following 17 patients through a standard 6-month anti-tuberculosis regimen, performing monthly sputum collection. We performed the limiting dilution method with culture filtrate supplementation of liquid media in pre- and post-treatment sputum samples to

Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating disease in elephants caused by either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis. It is an ancient disease, and TB in elephants was first reported over two millennia ago in Sri Lanka. Outbreaks of TB worldwide, in captive and free-ranging elephant populations, have been recorded. Interspecies transmission of TB among elephants and humans has been confirmed in several

Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases (STPKs) phosphorylates target proteins thereby regulates various important cellular signal transduction pathways such as cell division and cell wall synthesis. It has been demonstrated that the STPKs regulate peptidoglycan biosynthesis by phosphorylating penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). We extensively characterized both PknI (STPK) and DacB2 (PBP) roles individually

Key measures to halt the spread of tuberculosis (TB) include early diagnosis, effective treatment, and monitoring disease management. We sought to evaluate the use of serum immunoglobulin levels against antigens present in cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor TB treatment response in children and adolescents with pulmonary (PTB) or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Blood samples were collected

Tuberculosis is ranked as the 2nd deadliest disease in the world and is responsible for ten million deaths in 2017. Treatment failure is one of a main reason behind these deaths. Reasons of treatment failure are still unknown and the death rate due to TB is increasing. Machine learning and data analytics approaches are proved to be useful in healthcare domain in finding the associations among different

Background The mechanisms underlying Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine's protective effects against tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood but are proposed to involve a predominantly cell-mediated process. However, there is increasing evidence for the involvement of antibodies in the control of Mycobacteria tuberculosis and in the immune response to BCG. Methods We did a systematic review

Tuberculosis (TB) and humans have coexisted for more than 40,000 years; however TB remains a global threat to human kind. The international community has developed new tools for early detection, but TB strains evolved acquiring resistance to first-line therapeutic drugs with increasing treatment challenges. Furthermore, TB has formed also an alliance with human immunodeficiency virus; in this way the

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 9 stimulation is required for induction of potent immune responses against pathogen invasion. The use of unmethylated CpG as adjuvants in vaccines provides an excellent means of stimulating adaptive immunity. Our data demonstrate that CpG-C provided prolonged immune responses in the mouse model of tuberculosis when formulated with liposomes and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The numbers of patients with tuberculosis (TB) caused by resistant strains are still alarming. Therefore, it is necessary to determine resistance more quickly and precisely, than it is with the currently used phenotypic and genotypic methods. In recent years, technological advances have been made and the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) method has been introduced as a part of routine diagnostics in clinical

Interferon-γ release assays cannot differentiate latent from active tuberculosis (TB), nor identify the recently infected with increased risk of active disease. The objective of this study was to identify biomarkers of recent infection following exposure to tuberculosis, to increase the positive predictive value for incipient TB. Contacts to patients with pulmonary TB were tested repeatedly with interferon-γ

The ability to perform genetic manipulation of mycobacteria is important for characterization of gene function. Homologous recombination-based protocols are frequently used for reverse genetics studies with mycobacteria. It is known that Mycobacterium bovis BCG Russia, closely related to M. bovis BCG Moreau, is a natural recA deficient strain and is non-permissive to homologous recombination assays

Aims The aims of our study were to determine for the first time differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched molecular pathways involving the PARK7 interactome in PBMCs donated from tuberculosis patients. Methods Data on a previously reconstructed PARK7 interactome (Vavougios et al., 2017) from datasets GDS4966 (Case-Control) and GDS4781 (Treatment Series) were retrieved from the Gene Expression

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted via aerosol. TB is a secular fatal disease which still represents a health problem worldwide. TB has long incubation period and usually at first, affects the lungs. However, the infection could also attack other organs including lymph nodes, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints, bones and nervous

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for development of tuberculosis (TB). Our previous study showed glibenclamide, an anti-diabetic drug used to control blood glucose concentration, reduced interleukin (IL)-8 secretion from primary human monocytes challenged with M. tuberculosis (Mtb). In mice infected with Mtb, IL-1β is essential for host resistance through the enhancement

Pleural fluid (PF) immune response in anergic tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) patients is poorly understood. This study aimed to compare PF biochemical parameters and chemokine levels between anergic and non-anergic TPE patients. Chemokine arrays, cytokine measurements, and flow cytometry were performed in 58 patients (TPE [non-anergic (n = 32) and anergic (n = 10)] and malignant pleural effusion

The extremely slow growth rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenges traditional methods for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a previously developed Mtb antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from a cohort of 414 patients including 333 PTB patients (202/333 were sputum culture

Background Diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy (TP) remains a clinical challenge and the best method to diagnose it is controversial. Although several studies have investigated the performance of pleural fluid (PF) T-SPOT for pleural tuberculosis (plTB) diagnosis, the heterogeneity of its accuracy exists. Therefore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of the existing evidence on the utility of PF T-SPOT

The local situation with tuberculosis (TB) is shaped by the complex interplay of multiple factors related to both human host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We hypothesized that TB epidemiology in the rural regions in the Soviet Union was impacted by construction of the Gulag camps and significant incoming migration. This molecular M. tuberculosis study was conducted in 2017 in the Komi Republic in

Background Diabetes is associated with increased prevalence of TB infection in the US. We assessed associations between diabetes and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) TB antigen response among adults with TB infection using US representative data. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) participants >19 years from 2011 to 2012 with positive QuantiFERON®-TB Gold-In-Tube (QFT) results were

Pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with higher plasma levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lower granulysin levels. However, the association of AMPs with tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is not well studied. Hence, we measured the plasma levels of human beta defensin-2 (HBD2), granulysin, human neutrophil peptides 1–3 (HNP1-3) and cathelicidin (LL37) in TBL compared to latent tuberculosis (LTB)

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most devastating form of TB, resulting in death or neurological disability in up to 50% of patients affected. Treatment is similar to that of pulmonary TB, despite poor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of the cornerstone anti-TB drug rifampicin. Considering TBM pathology, it is critical that optimal drug concentrations are reached in the meninges, brain and/or

In this study, we analyzed the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBc) population structure among multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients in Niger and tested whether the Cameroon family displayed a slower response to MDR-TB treatment. We genotyped baseline clinical isolates that had been collected from pulmonary MDR-TB patients recruited consecutively between 2008 and 2016 in Niger. Spoligotyping was used

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality, among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to determine the contributing risk factors to the prevalence of (MDR-TB). Based on systematic review of the literatures, the prevalence of (MDR-TB) and associated risk factors in Malaysia were studied. A comprehensive search of Scopus

Tuberculosis is an ancient infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is still nowadays afflicting humans all over the world. It causes ill-health for 10 million people each year. Tuberculosis (TB) has been the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. In recent years, infection with HIV represents a major risk factor predisposing

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic illness in animals, especially in cattle, leading to loss in the productivity and signifies a crucial public health risk. Regardless of the zoonotic threat and significant economic costs associated with the disease, precise estimates of bTB prevalence are deficient in many countries, including India, where national control programs are yet to be instigated. The