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Analysis of Reelin signaling and neurodevelopmental trajectory in primary cultured cortical neurons with RELN deletion identified in schizophrenia Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Yumi Tsuneura; Masahito Sawahata; Norimichi Itoh; Ryoya Miyajima; Daisuke Mori; Takao Kohno; Mitsuharu Hattori; Akira Sobue; Taku Nagai; Hiroyuki Mizoguchi; Toshitaka Nabeshima; Norio Ozaki; Kiyofumi Yamada
Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein, is secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells and plays crucial roles in the development of brain structures and neuronal functions. Reductions in Reelin cause the brain dysfunctions associated with mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. A recent genome-wide copy number variation analysis of Japanese schizophrenia patients identified a novel deletion in RELN encoding
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1-phenylcyclohexan-1-amine hydrochloride (PCA HCl) alters mesolimbic dopamine system accompanied by neuroplastic changes: A neuropsychopharmacological evaluation in rodents Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Arvie Abiero; Raly James Perez Custodio; Chrislean Jun Botanas; Darlene Mae Ortiz; Leandro Val Sayson; Mikyung Kim; Hyun Jun Lee; Seolmin Yoon; Yong Sup Lee; Jae Hoon Cheong; Hee Jin Kim
The recreational use of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine have grown rapidly due to their psychotomimetic properties. These compounds induce both non-fatal and fatal adverse effects and despite the enhanced regulation, they are continuously synthesized and are being sold in the illegal drug market, including 1-phenylcyclohexan-1-amine hydrochloride (PCA). Therefore
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Identification of secreted factors in dental pulp cell-conditioned medium optimized for neuronal growth Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Batoul Chouaib; Pierre-Yves Collart-Dutilleul; Nicolas Blanc-Sylvestre; Richard Younes; Csilla Gergely; Cedric Raoul; Frederique Scamps; Frederic Cuisinier; Olivier Romieu
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Snapshot of Microglial Physiological Functions Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Alexei Verkhratsky; Dandan Sun; Junya Tanaka
Microglia as a defensive arm of the nervous system emerged early in evolution. The surveilling microglia with motile and ramified processes are the main phenotype in the healthy CNS; the surveilling microglial patrol neuronal somata, dendrites, dendritic spines and axons. Increasing evidence suggests that microglia play fundamental roles in development, maturation and ageing of the brain, as well as
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Central nervous system delivery of molecules across the blood-brain barrier Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Fabien Gosselet; Rodrigo Azevedo Loiola; Anna Roig; Anna Rosell; Maxime Culot
Therapies targeting neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases are hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). During the last decades, several approaches have been developed to overcome the BBB, such as the use of nanoparticles (NPs) based on biomaterials, or alternative methods to open the BBB. In this review, we briefly highlight these strategies and the most
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Are extracellular vesicles new hope in clinical drug delivery for neurological disorders? Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 S.A. Muhammad
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Sirtuin 6 is a regulator of dendrite morphogenesis in rat hippocampal neurons Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Hitomi Matsuno; Shoko Tsuchimine; Noriko Fukuzato; Kazunori O’Hashi; Hiroshi Kunugi; Kazuhiro Sohya
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the Sirtuin family, acts as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylase, mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, and fatty acid deacylase, and plays critical roles in inflammation, aging, glycolysis, and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence has suggested that SIRT6 is involved in brain functions such as neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis
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Centella asiatica promotes early differentiation, axodendritic maturation and synaptic formation in primary hippocampal neurons Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Md. Abdul Hannan; Md. Nazmul Haque; Yeasmin Akter Munni; Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani; Binod Timalsina; Raju Dash; Tania Afrin; Il Soo Moon
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Nutraceutical based SIRT3 activators as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Manoj Govindarajulu; Sindhu Ramesh; Logan Neel; Mary Fabbrini; Manal Buabeid; Ayaka Fujihashi; Darby Dwyer; Tyler Lynd; Karishma Shah; Kochupurackal P. Mohanakumar; Forrest Smith; Timothy Moore; Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and its incidence is increasing worldwide with increased lifespan. Currently, there is no effective treatment to cure or prevent the progression of AD, which indicates the need to develop novel therapeutic targets and agents. Sirtuins, especially SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase, are NAD-dependent histone deacetylases involved
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Microglia dynamics in sleep/wake states and in response to sleep loss Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Samuel Deurveilher; Tatjana Golovin; Shannon Hall; Kazue Semba
Sleep has an essential role for optimal brain function, but the cellular substrates for sleep regulation are not fully understood. Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, have gained increasingly more attention over the last two decades for their important roles in various brain functions that extend beyond their well-known immune function, including brain development, neuronal protection, and synaptic
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Materials for peripheral nerve repair constructs: Natural proteins or synthetic polymers? Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 Holly Gregory; James B. Phillips
The efficacious repair of severe peripheral nerve injuries is currently an unmet clinical need, and biomaterial constructs offer a promising approach to help promote nerve regeneration. Current research focuses on the development of more sophisticated constructs with complex architecture and the addition of regenerative agents to encourage timely reinnervation and promote functional recovery. This
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Water treadmill training protects the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier following SCI via the BDNF/TrkB-CREB signalling pathway Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Xinwang Ying; Qingfeng Xie; Xiaolan Yu; Shengcun Li; Qiaoyun Wu; Xiaolong Chen; Jingjing Yue; Kecheng Zhou; Wenzhan Tu; Songhe Jiang
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), destruction of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) leads to increased microvascular permeability and tissue oedema. The BSCB, formed by a dense network of tight junctions (TJs) and adhesion junctions (AJs) is considered a therapeutic target. Most studies have focused on the effect of drug therapy on the neurovascular system after SCI, ignoring the protection and
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Noradrenaline as a key neurotransmitter in modulating microglial activation in stress response Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Shuei Sugama; Yoshihiko Kakinuma
State of mind can influence susceptibility and progression of diseases and disorders not only in peripheral organs, but also in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanism how state of mind can affect susceptibility to various illnesses in the CNS is not fully understood. Among a number of candidates responsible for stress-induced neuroimmunomodulation, noradrenaline has recently
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Pharmacological basis of the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of Silexan®, an essential oil from the flowers of lavender Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Walter E. Müller; Giacomo Sillani; Anita Schuwald; Kristina Friedland
Silexan®, a proprietary essential oil manufactured by steam distillation from Lavandula angustifolia flowers showed pronounced anxiolytic effects in patients with subthreshold anxiety disorders and was also efficacious in patients with Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD). Moreover, evidences for antidepressant-like properties of Silexan® have been observed in anxious patients suffering from comorbid
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The lncRNA Ftx/miR-382-5p/Nrg1 axis improves the inflammation response of microglia and spinal cord injury repair Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Weineng Xiang; Lin Jiang; Yun Zhou; Zhiyue Li; Qun Zhao; Tianding Wu; Yong Cao; Jiahui Zhou
During spinal cord injury (SCI), a quick and sustained decline of Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) has been observed, exerting a significant positive effect in modulating the proliferation of astrocytes and the formation of glial scars within the damaged spinal cord. In this study, we revealed the abnormal downregulation of lncRNA Ftx and Nrg1 and upregulation of miR-382-5p after SCI, which contributed to the inflammatory
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Therapeutic potential of mangiferin in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Vaibhav Walia; Sushil Kumar Chaudhary; Neeraj Kumar Sethiya
Xanthones are important chemical class of bioactive products that confers therapeutic benefits. Of several xanthones, mangiferin is known to be distributed widely across several fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Mangiferin has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Mangiferin attenuates cerebral infarction, cerebral edema, lipid peroxidation (MDA), neuronal
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Region-specific metabolic characterization of the type 1 diabetic brain in mice with and without cognitive impairment Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Pengtao Xu; Jie Ning; Qiaoying Jiang; Chen Li; Junjie Yan; Liangcai Zhao; Hongchang Gao; Hong Zheng
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been reported to cause cognitive decline, but brain metabolic changes during this process are still far from being fully understood. Here, we found that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice exhibited impaired learning and memory at 11 weeks after STZ treatment but not at 3 weeks. Therefore, we studied metabolic alterations in six different brain regions of T1D mice with and
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Astroglial adrenoreceptors modulate synaptic transmission and contextual fear memory formation in dentate gyrus Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Weida Shen; Shishuo Chen; Yingchun Xiang; Zheyu Yao; Zhitao Chen; Xitian Wu; Ling Li; Ling-Hui Zeng
Astrocytes perform various supporting functions, including ion buffering, metabolic supplying and neurotransmitter clearance. They can also sense neuronal activity owing to the presence of specific receptors for neurotransmitters. In turn, astrocytes can regulate synaptic activity through the release of gliotransmitters. Evidence has shown that astrocytes are very sensitive to the locus coeruleus (LC)
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Significance of vagus nerve function in terms of pathogenesis of psychosocial disorders Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Yoshihiko Kakinuma
The vagus nerve (VN) belongs to the parasympathetic nervous system, which is well known to be involved in the regulation of the functions of organs in the body. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine, released from the cholinergic system including VN, has been known to play an anti-inflammatory role through the efferent pathways in regulating peripheral inflammatory responses profoundly involved in the
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Tinospora cordifolia ameliorates brain functions impairments associated with high fat diet induced obesity Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Harpal Singh; Payal Bajaj; Shikha Kalotra; Anmol Bhandari; Taranjeet Kaur; Amrit Pal Singh; Gurcharan Kaur
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Role of nutraceuticals in cognition during aging and related disorders Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Padmanabh Singh; Thamil Mani Sivanandam; Arpita Konar; M.K. Thakur
Cognitive abilities are compromised with advancing age posing a great risk for the development of dementia and other related brain disorders. Genetic susceptibility as well as environmental exposures determine the fate of cognitive aging and its transition to pathological states. Emerging epidemiological and observational studies have revealed the importance of lifestyle factors including dietary patterns
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Understanding The Epigenetic Landscape and Cellular Architecture of Childhood Brain Tumors Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro; Christopher Rota; Oliva A. Hack; Rosalind Segal; Mariella G. Filbin
The development of the brain is an intricately ordered process that requires the differentiation of generalized progenitor cells into a bevy of specialized mature cell types. Recent evidence has demonstrated that shifts in epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modification, underpin the exquisitely well-orchestrated changes in cellular activity observed during brain
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Does a hypoxic injury from a non-fatal overdose lead to Alzheimer Disease? Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Michael Voronkov; Benjamin Cocchiaro; Jeffry B. Stock
Long term consequence of non-fatal overdose in people who use opioids are not well understood. The intermittent exposure to non-fatal overdose leads to a tauopathy that is often accompanied by abrogated neuroprotective response, abnormal amyloid processing and other pathologies. The scope and limitations of available literature are discussed including neuropathologies associated with opioid and overdose
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Accumbal D2R-medium spiny neurons regulate aversive behaviors through PKA-Rap1 pathway Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 You-Hsin Lin; Yukie Yamahashi; Keisuke Kuroda; Md. Omar Faruk; Xinjian Zhang; Kiyofumi Yamada; Akihiro Yamanaka; Taku Nagai; Kozo Kaibuchi
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a crucial role in various mental activities, including positive and negative reinforcement. We previously hypothesized that a balance between dopamine (DA) and adenosine signals regulates the PKA-Rap1 pathway in medium spiny neurons expressing DA D1 receptors (D1R-MSNs) or D2 receptors (D2R-MSNs) and demonstrated that the PKA-Rap1 pathway in D1R-MSNs is responsible
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Memantine treatment exerts an antidepressant-like effect by preventing hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and memory impairment via upregulation of CREB/BDNF signaling in the rat model of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-05 Sandeep K. Mishra; Mahendra Kumar Hidau; Shivika Rai
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Tissue-specific features of microglial innate immune responses Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 R. Timmerman; S.M. Burm; J.J. Bajramovic
As tissue-resident macrophages of the brain, microglia are increasingly considered as cellular targets for therapeutical intervention. Innate immune responses in particular have been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) infections, neuro-oncology, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. We here review the impact of ‘nature and nurture’ on microglial innate immune responses and summarize
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Cytosine arabinoside induces phosphorylation of histone H2AX in hippocampal neurons via a noncanonical pathway Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-05 Saki Nakayama; Miyu Adachi; Misaki Hatano; Noriyuki Inahata; Tetsuji Nagao; Nobuyuki Fukushima
Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), an anticancer drug, is known to inhibit DNA replication in mitotic cells. Ara-C is also considered to induce DNA damage, leading to neuronal cell death. To identify the mechanism by which Ara-C kills neurons, we assessed the levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), a marker for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in hippocampal neurons cultured for 48 h with Ara-C
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Effects of S100B neutralization on the long-term cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory response in an animal model of sepsis Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Mariane Rocha; Andriele Vieira; Monique Michels; Heloisa Borges; Amanda Goulart; Filipe Fernandes; Diogo Dominguini; Cristiane Ritter; Felipe Dal-Pizzol
The nervous system is one of the first systems to be affected during sepsis. Sepsis not only has a high risk of mortality, but could also lead to cerebral dysfunction and cognitive impairment in long-term survival patients. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can interact with several ligands, and its activation triggers a series of cell signaling events, resulting in the hyperinflammatory
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Brain injury and repair after intracerebral hemorrhage: The role of microglia and brain-infiltrating macrophages Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Rajaneekar Dasari; Frederick Bonsack; Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem characterized by cerebral bleeding. Despite recent advances in preclinical studies, there is no effective treatment for ICH making it the deadliest subtype of stroke. The lack of effective treatment options partly attributes to the complexity as well as poorly defined pathophysiology of ICH. The emerging evidence indicates the potential
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Whole body vibration training improves depression-like behaviors in a rat chronic restraint stress model Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Guangcong Peng; Luodan Yang; Chong Y. Wu; Ling L. Zhang; Chun Y. Wu; Fan Li; Hai W. Shi; Jun Hou; Li M. Zhang; Xu Ma; Jing Xiong; Hongying Pan; Guang Q. Zhang
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that brings great harm and burden to both patients and society. This study aimed to examine the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training on a chronic restraint stress (CRS) induced depression rat model and provide an initial understanding of related molecular mechanisms. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into
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Accelerated capacity of glutamate uptake via blood elements as a possible tool of rapid remote conditioning mediated tissue protection Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 Petra Bonova; Jana Jachova; Miroslava Nemethova; Martin Bona; Patricia Kollarova; Miroslav Gottlieb
Recently, the function of blood cells in remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) mediated neuroprotection was undoubtedly confirmed. In the present paper, we have focused on the role of blood elements in glutamate homeostasis. The blood of remote conditioned (tolerant) animals was incubated ex vivo with 100 μM glutamate, and the quantitative and qualitative changes of excitatory amino acid transporters
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Hypoperfusion is a potential inducer of immunosuppressive network in Alzheimer's disease Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Antero Salminen
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which causes a non-reversible cognitive impairment and dementia. The primary cause of late-onset AD remains unknown although its pathology was discovered over a century ago. Recently, the vascular hypothesis of AD has received backing from evidence emerging from neuroimaging studies which have revealed the presence of a significant
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Supplementation with γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC) lessens oxidative stress, brain inflammation and amyloid pathology and improves spatial memory in a murine model of AD Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Yue Liu; Zheng Chen; Ben Li; Hua Yao; Martin Zarka; Jeffrey Welch; Perminder Sachdev; Wallace Bridge; Nady Braidy
Introduction The accumulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and abnormal aggregation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) have been shown to induce synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cellular depletion of the major endogenous antioxidant Glutathione (GSH) has been linked to cognitive decline and the development of AD pathology. Supplementation with γ-glutamylcysteine
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Species-specific neuronal localization of kynurenine aminotransferase-2 in the mouse cerebellum Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Emma Balog; Gyula Jenei; Levente Gellért; Etsuro Ono; László Vécsei; József Toldi; Zsolt Kis
The immunohistochemical pattern of kynurenine aminotransferase-2 (KAT-2) - the key role enzyme in the production of neuroactive and neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA) - was studied in the cerebellum of mice. It is known from literature that KAT-2 is localized mainly in astrocytes in different parts of the cerebrum. Kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) activity in the cerebellum is relatively low and
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Ion channels and transporters in microglial function in physiology and brain diseases Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Lanxin Luo; Shanshan Song; Chibundum C. Ezenwukwa; Shayan Jalali; Baoshan Sun; Dandan Sun
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MiR-216b-5p attenuates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in female rats by targeting MAL2 and inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 Xiaodi Fan; Wenchao Bian; Meichen Liu; Jinjie Li; Yunyun Wang
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of neuronal functions and participate in the development of neuropathic pain. MiR-216b-5p has been reported to be involved in the progression of many human diseases. However, the biological effect and regulatory mechanism of miR-216b-5p in neuropathic pain have not been found. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of miR-216b-5p in neuropathic pain
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An improved and simplified protocol to combine Golgi-Cox staining with immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy techniques Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Matteo Pedrazzoli; Manuela Medelin; Federica Marchiotto; Barbara Cisterna; Manuela Malatesta; Mario Buffelli
Approaches utilizing multiple analysis techniques on a single sample are highly desirable in research, especially to reduce the number of animals and obtain the maximum information. Golgi-Cox staining is a widely used method for characterizing axon and dendritic morphology and several attempts to combine this technique with immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy have been proposed
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Involvement of microglia in disturbed fear memory regulation: Possible microglial contribution to the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Shingo Enomoto; Takahiro A. Kato
Microglia, immune cells in the brain, play a crucial role in brain inflammation and synaptic plasticity by releasing inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors as well as, phagocytosing synaptic elements. Recent studies have shown peripheral inflammation, immune alteration in the brain are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. Several preclinical studies using Pavlovian
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Estrogen receptors-β and serotonin mediate the antidepressant-like effect of an aqueous extract of pomegranate in ovariectomized rats Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Brenda Valdés-Sustaita; Erika Estrada-Camarena; María Eva González-Trujano; Carolina López-Rubalcava
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit is of particular interest because of its high nutritional value and therapeutic actions. Recently, we showed that an aqueous extract of pomegranate (AE-PG) given by oral route induced antidepressant-like actions mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) suggesting its potential to function as an alternative to estrogen therapy replacement in menopause-related depression
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Effect of acute and subchronic administration of (R)-WIN55,212-2 induced neuroprotection and anti inflammatory actions in rat retina: CB1 and CB2 receptor involvement Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Dimitris Spyridakos; Sofia Papadogkonaki; Stavroula Dionysopoulou; Niki Mastrodimou; Hara Polioudaki; Kyriaki Thermos
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Microglial circadian clock regulation of microglial structural complexity, dendritic spine density and inflammatory response Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Hiroshi Nakanishi; Junjun Ni; Saori Nonaka; Yoshinori Hayashi
Cortical microglia exhibit a ramified shape during sleep, while they have a hyper-ramified shape during wakefulness, which is characterized by their longer processes with increased branching points. The microglial molecular circadian clock regulates expressions of both cathepsin S (CatS) and P2Y12 receptors in the brain with a peak at zeitgeber time 14 (2 h after beginning of the dark phase). We postulated
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Potential anti-neuroinflammatory compounds from Australian plants – A review Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Ahilya Singh; Ritesh Raju; Gerald Münch
Neuroinflammation is a complex response to brain injury involving the activation of glia, release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, and generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Even though it is considered an event secondary to neuronal death or dysfunction, neuro-inflammation comprises a majority of the non-neuronal contributors to the cause and progression of
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Vitamin D exerts neuroprotection via SIRT1/nrf-2/ NF-kB signaling pathways against D-galactose-induced memory impairment in adult mice Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 Ammar Ali; Shahid Ali Shah; Nasib Zaman; Muhammad Nazir Uddin; Wajid Khan; Abid Ali; Muhammad Riaz; Atif Kamil
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Properties of primary cilia in melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1-bearing hippocampal neurons in vivo and in vitro Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Yuki Kobayashi; Tomoya Okada; Daisuke Miki; Yuko Sekino; Noriko Koganezawa; Tomoaki Shirao; Giovanne B. Diniz; Yumiko Saito
The primary cilium is a solitary organelle that organizes a sensitive signaling hub in a highly ordered microenvironment. Cilia are plastic structures, changing their length in response to bioactive substances, and ciliary length may be regulated to ensure efficient signaling capacity. Mammalian brain neurons possess primary cilia that are enriched in a set of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including
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Therapeutic Potential of Nutraceuticals to Protect Brain after Stroke Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Bharath Chelluboina; Raghu Vemuganti
Stroke leads to significant neuronal death and long-term neurological disability due to synergistic pathogenic mechanisms. Stroke induces a change in eating habits and in many cases, leads to undernutrition that aggravates the post-stroke pathology. Proper nutritional regimen remains a major strategy to control the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including stroke
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Synaptic elimination by microglia and disturbed higher brain functions Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Kazuya Miyanishi; Arisa Sato; Nanako Kihara; Ryo Utsunomiya; Junya Tanaka
Microglial cells in normal mature brains have long been considered to be cells that are resting until pathological events take place, activating the microglial cells. However, it is currently well known that the microglia that have resting ramified morphology in normal mature brains move actively in the brain parenchyma and phagocytose synapses, thus forming and maintaining neural circuits. This review
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There's no place like home? Return to the home cage triggers dopamine release in the mouse nucleus accumbens Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Felix P. Mayer; Hideki Iwamoto; Maureen K. Hahn; Gregory J. Grumbar; Adele Stewart; Yulong Li; Randy D. Blakely
Various stimuli have been employed as reinforcers in preclinical rodent models to elucidate the underpinnings of reward at a molecular and circuit level, with the release of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as a well-replicated, physiological correlate. Many factors, however, including strain differences, sex, prior stress, and reinforcer administration protocols can influence reward responding
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Sexually dimorphic and brain region-specific transporter adaptations in system xc− null mice Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Heather M. Sosnoski; Sheila M.S. Sears; Yan He; Carla Frare; Sandra J. Hewett
System xc− is a heterodimeric amino acid antiporter that, in the central nervous system, is best known for linking the import of L-cystine (CySS) with the export of L-glutamate for the production and maintenance of cellular glutathione (GSH) and extracellular glutamate levels, respectively. Yet, mice that are null for system xc− are healthy, fertile, and, morphologically, their brains are grossly normal
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Bench to bedside: Multiple facets of cannabinoid control in epilepsy Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Bao Xue; Xia Zhang; Ying Wang
Epilepsy is a neurological disease recognized as the consequence of excessive neuronal excitability. Endocannabinoid system, the critical regulator of synaptic inhibition in brain, was supposed to be closely involved in epilepsy. Cannabinoid receptors mostly locate on presynaptic terminals of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, but with characteristic distribution varying in different brain areas
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Glutamate homeostasis and dopamine signaling: Implications for psychostimulant addiction behavior Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Kathryn D. Fischer; Lori A. Knackstedt; Paul A. Rosenberg
Cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse disorders are serious worldwide health problems. To date, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of these disorders. Elucidation of the biochemical underpinnings contributing to psychostimulant addiction is critical for the development of effective therapies. Excitatory signaling and glutamate homeostasis are well known pathophysiological
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From ayurvedic folk medicine to preclinical neurotherapeutic role of a miraculous herb, Tinospora cordifolia Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Anuradha Sharma; Payal Bajaj; Anmol Bhandari; Gurcharan Kaur
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Maternal Spirulina supplementation during pregnancy and lactation partially prevents oxidative stress, glial activation and neuronal damage in protein malnourished F1 progeny Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-10 Shrstha Sinha; Nisha Patro; P.K. Tiwari; Ishan K. Patro
Protein malnutrition (PMN) is a global health issue but most prevalent in Africa and Asia. It exerts detrimental effect on structural and physiological aspects of hippocampal circuitry. Despite accumulating evidence for PMN induced changes in nervous system, relatively very little is known about how maternal nutritional supplementation during malnutrition affects glial cells and neurons. Herein, we
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GABA-enriched teas as neuro-nutraceuticals Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-11-02 Tina Hinton; Graham A.R. Johnston
Teas enriched in GABA are consumed for their beneficial effects on blood pressure, stress and anxiety. These effects may involve actions of GABA on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The anaerobic procedures for the production of GABA-enriched teas increase GABA levels by 10–20 times. They also significantly alter the levels of other constituents that may interact with the actions of GABA
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Investigations on a polyherbal formulation for treatment of cognitive impairment in a cholinergic dysfunctional rodent model Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Kayalvizhi Rajendran; David Raj Chellappan; Shruthi Sankaranarayanan; Vigneshwar Ramakrishnan; Uma Maheswari Krishnan
Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative condition manifested through acute cognitive decline, amyloid plaque deposits and neurofibrillary tangles. Complete cure for this disease remains elusive as the conventional drugs address only a single molecular target while Alzheimer's disease involves a complex interplay of different sets of molecular targets and signaling networks. In this
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Communication of Glioma cells with neuronal plasticity: What is the underlying mechanism? Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa
There has been a significantly rising discussion on how neuronal plasticity communicates with the glioma growth and invasion. This literature review aims to determine which neurotransmitters, ion channels and signaling pathways are involved in this context, how information is transferred from synaptic sites to the glioma cells and how glioma cells apply established mechanics of synaptic plasticity
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Myelination increases chemical energy support to the axon without modifying the basic physicochemical mechanism of nerve conduction Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Silvia Ravera; Alessandro Maria Morelli; Isabella Panfoli
The existence of different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated axons is uncertain. It seems that considering exclusively physical electrical phenomena may be an oversimplification. A novel interpretation of the mechanism of nerve conduction in myelinated nerves is proposed, to explain how the basic mechanism of nerve conduction has been adapted to myelinated conditions. The neurilemma
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Bidirectional gut-brain communication: A role for orexin-A Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Cristina Mediavilla
It is increasingly evident that bidirectional gut-brain signaling provides a communication pathway that uses neural, hormonal, and immunological routes to regulate homeostatic mechanisms such as hunger/satiety as well as emotions and inflammation. Hence, disruption of the gut-brain axis can cause numerous pathophysiologies, including obesity and intestinal inflammatory diseases. One chemical mediator
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Cross-talk between lipid homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegeneration: Insights for HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Bahareh Torkzaban; Taha Mohseni Ahooyi; Michael Duggan; Shohreh Amini; Kamel Khalili
The dysregulation of lipid homeostasis is emerging as a hallmark of many CNS diseases. As aberrant protein regulation is suggested to be a shared pathological feature amongst many neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), disruptions in neuronal lipid processing may contribute to disease progression in the CNS. Specifically
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The effect of ageing and cerebral serotonin deficit on the activity of cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) in the brain and liver of male rats Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Anna Haduch; Renata Pukło; Natalia Alenina; Agnieszka Nikiforuk; Piotr Popik; Michael Bader; Władysława A. Daniel
Brain cytochrome P450 (CYP) contributes to the local metabolism of endogenous substrates and drugs. The aim of present study was to ascertain whether the cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) activity changes with ageing and in cerebral serotonin deficit. Kinetics of 5-methoxytryptamine O-demethylation to serotonin was studied and the CYP2D activity was measured in brain and liver microsomes of Dark Agouti wild
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IFN-γ regulates the transformation of microglia into dendritic-like cells via the ERK/c-myc signaling pathway during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice Neurochem. Int. (IF 3.881) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Haiyu Zhang; Tongshuai Zhang; Dandan Wang; Yixiang Jiang; Tieyun Guo; Yao Zhang; Fan Zhu; Kaiyu Han; Lili Mu; Guangyou Wang
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induces a secondary immune inflammatory reaction that exacerbates brain injury and clinical prognosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) and microglia are both important regulators of neuroinflammation. Studies have confirmed that a large number of cells express the DC surface marker CD11c in the ischemic area, and some of these cells also express microglial markers. However
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