Abstract Objective Substance use disorders are commonly comorbid with anxiety and depressive disorders and are associated with poor treatment outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear—one possibility is that patients with anxiety/depressive disorders and substance use disorders receive poorer treatment. Concerns have been raised about the quality of inpatient care received

Abstract Objectives Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a problem of growing importance among female veterans, which is especially challenging when accompanied by comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). Since women are still a small minority of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients, there is concern that outcomes among dually diagnosed women may be worse than among men. Method National program

Objective: The high prevalence of alcohol/substance use among individuals with psychiatric disorders elucidates the import of investigations into associations between types and severity of psychiatric symptoms and alcohol/substance use. This study examined the likelihood of alcohol use disorder and substance use among individuals with varying depression and anxiety symptoms and severity thereof. Differences

Objectives: This cross-sectional study explored personality traits of individuals receiving treatment in a private clinic for an eating disorder (ED) compared to those receiving treatment for a dual diagnosis (DD; defined as an addiction to illegal drugs and/or alcohol along with a mental illness, in this case an ED). The aims of this study were to: (a) assess the personality profiles and differentiating

Objective The aim of this study was to examine health, demographic, and service utilization characteristics of veterans with multimorbid tobacco use disorder (TUD) and morbid obesity compared to those with either condition alone. Methods: Health record data were extracted from the computerized patient record system of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA; October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012).

Objective To determine the prevalence of self-induced vomiting (SIV) in a sample of patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), and to explore whether such behavior is associated with a comorbid eating disorder psychopathology and other clinical symptomatology, such as impulsivity. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Alcohol Rehabilitation Unit at Stikland Psychiatric

Objective The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of cannabis use motives above the effects of each other, for the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and different aspects of cannabis misuse among young adults. The transitional years of young adulthood are characterized by new opportunities for experimentation as well as novel external

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the US. Screening has decreased CRC mortality. However, disadvantaged patients, particularly those with mental illness or substance use disorder (SUD), are less likely to be screened. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the impact of a patient navigation program on CRC screening in patients with mental illness and/or

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of cannabis use motives above the effects of each other, for the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and different aspects of cannabis misuse among young adults. The transitional years of young adulthood are characterized by new opportunities for experimentation as well as novel external stressors

OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the US. Screening has decreased CRC mortality. However, disadvantaged patients, particularly those with mental illness or substance use disorder (SUD), are less likely to be screened. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the impact of a patient navigation program on CRC screening in patients with mental illness and/or

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component mobile contingency management (CM) pilot intervention for smoking cessation for people with schizophrenia. Methods: This intervention included mobile CM (i.e., monetary compensation for bioverification of abstinence through using a phone app), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and pharmacotherapy

Objectives Technology-assisted treatment (TAT) holds promise for innovative assessment, prevention, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). The widespread access to TAT makes it a potentially cost-effective and inventive option available for delivery in multiple settings. This study assessed acceptability of the web-based Therapeutic Education System (TES) in hospitalized dual diagnosis patients

Objective Rhabdomyolysis is associated with methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MA) use. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, severity, and risk factors of rhabdomyolysis associated with MA use. Methods: We reviewed patients with an MA-positive toxicology screen with and without diagnosed rhabdomyolysis based on initial creatine kinase (CK) concentration

Objective The objective of the study was to investigate whether a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; full or partial) or specific PTSD symptom clusters predicted failure in quitting smoking in a trauma-exposed population. Methods: Participants were 310 smokers who attempted quitting smoking, either successfully (quitters, n = 213) or not (relapsers, n = 97), who lived in slums and were

Objective: Ethnic minorities report different levels of drinking and smoking and higher rates of depression compared to native populations. In this study we aimed to investigate in six ethnic groups whether tobacco and alcohol use were associated with depressive symptoms, which are more prevalent in ethnic minorities. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the multi-ethnic Healthy Life in an Urban Setting

Objective: Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are an increasing concern among veterans, particularly those from recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The study of biomarkers in alcohol use and AUD has moved to enhancing the understanding of the development and maintenance of AUDs, as well as investigating its association with clinical severity and potential predictors of treatment response

Objective: Approaches for effectively treating smoking in those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with major depressive disorder (MDD) could be improved by identifying motivational processes underlying their tobacco dependence. The goal of this study was to identify the motivational processes influencing smoking dependence among smokers with PTSD and with MDD relative to non-diagnosed controls

Given the aging Baby Boomer generation, changes in cannabis legislation, and the growing acknowledgment of cannabis for its therapeutic potential, it is predicted that cannabis use in the older population will escalate. It is, therefore, important to determine the interaction between the effects of cannabis and aging. The aim of this report is to describe the link between cannabis use and the aging

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially debilitating mental health problem. There has been a recent surge of interest regarding the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of PTSD. We therefore sought to systematically review and assess the quality of the clinical evidence of the effectiveness of cannabinoids for the treatment of PTSD. Method: We included all studies published

Understanding how the body regulates pain is fundamental to develop rational strategies to combat the growing prevalence of chronic pain states, opioid dependency, and the increased financial burden to the medical care system. Pain is the most prominent reason why Americans seek medical attention and extensive literature has identified the importance of the endocannabinoid pathway in controlling pain

Objective: Shifting policies and widespread acceptance of cannabis for medical and/or recreational purposes have fueled worries of increased cannabis initiation and use in adolescents. In particular, the adolescent period is thought to be associated with an increased susceptibility to the potential harms of repeated cannabis use, due to being a critical period for neuromaturational events in the brain

Objective: In recent years, the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of refractory epilepsy has been increasingly investigated and has been gaining public support as a novel way to treat these disorders. Marijuana has been used for medical purposes for thousands of years, and a lot of research has been conducted over the last several decades into the chemistry and pharmacology of marijuana and its many

Objective: Amidst the evolving policy surrounding cannabis legalization in the United States, cannabis use is becoming increasingly prevalent as perceptions of harm decrease, particularly among adolescents. Cannabis and alcohol are commonly used by adolescents and are often used together. However, developmental research has historically taken a "single substance" approach to examine the association

Objective: As the perceived risk of cannabis use continues to decline among youths and access continues to increase, it has become more important to synthesize the rapidly growing literature on the effects of cannabis on neurocognition. Hundreds of studies examining associations between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning have been published in recent decades. However, results often differ

Objective: This review discusses the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders, as well as suicide. It summarizes epidemiological evidence from cross-sectional and long-term prospective studies and considers possible etiological mechanisms. Methods: Systematic reviews and methodologically robust studies in the field (from inception to February 2019)

Objective: A cognitive neuroscience perspective seeks to understand behavior, in this case the comorbidity of cannabis abuse and conduct disorder/conduct problems, in terms of dysfunction in cognitive processes underpinned by neural processes. The goal of this review is to articulate a cognitive neuroscience account of this comorbidity. Methods: Literature on the following issues will be reviewed:

(2020). Introduction to Cannabis Special Issue. Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Vol. 16, Cannabis, pp. 1-2.

Objective: Several challenges have been identified for patients with concurrent disorders and the providers that care for them, contributing to a pressing need for interventions to improve outcomes, particularly within inpatient mental health settings. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using four online databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycInfo and Web of Science

Objective: This case series describes and illustrates the effective use of a trauma-informed approach, GLAPE, to provide drug screens for individuals in substance use treatment programs. The GLAPE approach recognizes that individuals who have experienced traumatic events and are recovering from substance use difficulties may also face unique challenges when engaging in mental health treatment. The

Objective: The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common. Individuals with PTSD/AUD commonly drink to cope with PTSD symptoms, which maintains PTSD/AUD, and may result in increased craving for alcohol. Negative affect is implicated in negative reinforcement models of craving. Further, Emotional Processing Theory posits that posttraumatic cognitions

Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity of the psychiatric problems subscale of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-psych) to ascertain psychiatric comorbidity among individuals participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of substance use disorder (SUD) treatments. Methods: The ASI-psych score among 1,660 RCT participants of National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network

Objective: Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people with opioid use disorders (OUDs). However, whether and how comorbid depression is associated with the outcomes of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) remains poorly understood. The objective of this review was to identify and describe the association between depression and main outcomes (opioid use and treatment retention) of methadone

Objective: Extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSE) are frequent in patients treated with antipsychotics and comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs). Methamphetamine has been shown to act as a dopaminergic neurotoxin. We aimed to determine whether EPSE occur more often in patients with psychotic disorders and co-occurring methamphetamine (MA) use disorders, and we examined the relationship between MA use

Objectives: Individuals with psychotic symptoms presenting to emergency psychiatry often have comorbid symptoms, such as substance misuse, depression, and anxiety. Many will also have symptoms linked to previous traumatic experiences such as impulsivity, often found in comorbid personality disorders. Although various studies have looked at specific comorbid symptoms, little is known regarding how these

Objectives: Physical health conditions cause significant disability and mortality among people living with alcohol and other drug problems. There has been limited research on the prevalence of health problems among clinical samples of people with substance use disorders, particularly among those in residential treatment. Yet residential settings provide unique opportunity for responding to health needs

Objective: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a notable concern in the United States (US) and strongly associated with mortality. There is a high prevalence of OUD in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the mortality associated with OUD may be exacerbated in patients with PTSD. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for OUD has become standard of care for OUD and has been shown to reduce

Objective: Dual diagnosis (DD) is the co-occurrence of at least one substance use disorder and one or more mental disorders in a given individual. Despite this comorbidity being highly prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes, its neurobiology remains unclear. Furthermore, patients with DD are at higher risk for suicidal behavior in comparison with single disorder patients. Our objective

Objective: Patients with a combination of chronic pain and opioid use disorder have unique needs and may present a challenge for clinicians and health care systems. The objective of the present study was to use qualitative methods to explore factors influencing the uptake of best practices for co-occurring chronic pain and opioid use disorder in order to inform a quantitative survey assessing primary

RATIONALE: Nicotine nasal spray (NNS) may be better for relieving acute cigarette cravings than other nicotine replacement and it may help smokers with schizophrenia because of its rapid onset of action. OBJECTIVES: We tested whether NNS was more effective than a nicotine patch (NP; 21 mg) in reducing cue-induced craving during a 3-day abstinence. METHODS: Twenty-five smokers with schizophrenia or

Double Trouble in Recovery (DTR) is a "dual focus," 12 step-based mutual aid program tailored to assist recovery from co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE: To determine consumers' perceptions of DTR's usefulness for their recoveries and the relationships between perceived DTR usefulness and self-help processes, self-efficacy to cope with problems in recovery, and changes

The development of medications for the treatment of nicotine dependence in patients with schizophrenia is a public health priority due to its high prevalence rates, devastating medical consequences, and difficulty to treat. It has been hypothesized that the high prevalence of nicotine dependence among patients with schizophrenia may be due to a shared neurobiological vulnerability. This shared vulnerability

Schizophrenia is a common mental illness with a high prevalence of smoking. More than 80% of schizophrenics smoke compared to 25% of the general population. Both schizophrenia and tobacco use have strong genetic components, which may overlap. It has been suggested that smoking in schizophrenia may be a form of self-medication in an attempt to treat an underlying biological pathology. Smoking normalizes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine HIV-risk behaviors among a sample of psychiatric inpatient adolescents with and without comorbid SUD. METHOD: 239 adolescents (60.7% female; mean age=15.3) were interviewed while hospitalized in a psychiatric inpatient treatment facility. Adolescents with and without substance use disorder (SUD) were compared on a number of HIV-risk behaviors and

Dual diagnosis is a problem of tremendous depth and scope, spanning many classes of mental disorders and addictive drugs. Animal models of psychiatric disorders studied in addiction paradigms suggest a unitary nature of mental illness and addiction vulnerability both on the neurocircuit and clinical-behavioral levels. These models provide platforms for exploring the interactive roles of biological

Objective: The use of psychoactive substances has been one of the most important global public health problems over the last few decades. Among the problems associated with substance use, dual diagnosis is one of the most relevant. This study aims to investigate the predictive validity of the GHQ-28 (General Health Questionnaire-28; "probable psychiatric cases") in relation to poor treatment outcome

Objective: Co-occurrence of substance use disorder and personality disorder (PD) is associated with greater functional impairment and mutual deterioration of the prognosis. More information is needed about the extent of personality problems in substance use disorder patients and when these problems can be assessed in a reliable way. The aim of this study was to compare the levels and scale reliability

Objective: Patients with both a substance use disorder and comorbid mental disorder, or dual diagnosis, form a heterogeneous group with complex treatment needs. Dual diagnosis patients have worse treatment outcomes compared to patients with substance use disorders alone. There is a lack of research focusing on predictors of treatment outcome in dual diagnosis patients. The aim of this study was to

Objective: Comorbidity of depression among individuals with opioid addiction is highly prevalent, but their outcome in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is not well determined. Methods: Characteristics and outcomes (retention until December 2017) of newly admitted and already (5.5 ± 4 years) in MMT patients with available Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores on admission were studied

Objective: Comorbid eating disorders (EDs) and ED symptoms are highly prevalent among women with substance use disorders and may be a barrier to recovery. Higher rates of psychiatric illness are common when more than one disorder is present. Yet little is known about the rates and risk factors for EDs/ED symptoms in women attending treatment centers in Australia. The primary aim is to examine the prevalence

Objective: Comorbid mental illness is extremely common in individuals receiving opioid substitution therapy. The use of common psychiatric medications is complex in this cohort with increased risks of drug–drug interaction, overdose, and diversion or abuse of prescribed medication. We have therefore investigated rates of co-prescribing and psychiatric comorbidity in a cohort of individuals receiving

Objective: Comorbid substance misuse and mental health difficulties are recognized as a leading contributor to disease burden worldwide. Amid cuts to health care services, computer-based interventions may provide support for patients experiencing these difficulties. The aims of this systematic review were to identify and investigate the efficacy of these computer-based interventions at improving substance

Objective: Peer services have been identified as a key agent in promoting recovery (both as an outcome and as a process) for people with co-occurring disorders. We attempt to make sense of this connection here by examining public perceptions of recovery and peer services separately for serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorder. Two different styles may guide peers in providing SMI or

Objective: Research has demonstrated a cyclical relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder. Identifying factors that link PTSD symptom clusters and substance use disorder may illuminate mechanisms underlying the PTSD–substance use disorder relationship, better informing interventions that target this comorbidity. The current study of individuals enrolled in

Objective: Schizophrenia, cocaine-related disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and psychopathy share biological bases, but few studies discriminate between these disorders by means of prepulse inhibition. This work studies the phenotype of patients with cocaine-related disorders who are vulnerable to presenting a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia or antisocial personality disorder, by evaluating

Objective: Psychological disorders and substance use comorbidity is associated with greater symptomatology and a worse prognosis. Previous research has highlighted discrepancies in the level of use of health care services in individuals experiencing comorbidity compared to those with mental disorders or substance use disorders alone. The purpose of the current study was to compare mental health service

Objective: Substance use disorders are an important risk factor for suicide. While residential drug treatment programs improve clinical outcomes for substance use disorders, less is known about the role of related health care processes in contributing to suicide risk. These data may help to inform strategies to prevent suicide during and after residential treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis

Objective: People with mental illness have high rates of cigarette smoking, but many wish to quit. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly common, especially among smokers who wish to quit, but research on whether this facilitates quitting has been mixed, and little research has examined e-cigarette use among smokers with mental illness. This secondary analysis examined the associations

Objective: Physical disorders in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) are common and they tend to be underdiagnosed by clinicians, which might lead to negative treatment outcomes. The presence of substance use disorders could further aggravate the situation. There are existing systematic reviews on physical disorders among individuals with SMI in general but none of these previous reviews stratified

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the correlates, phenomenology, and short-term treatment response to benzodiazepines and antipsychotics in an inpatient sample with alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, predominant hallucinations i.e., F10.52. Methods: We reviewed the charts of the patients admitted in a tertiary care addiction treatment center between 2010 and 2016 with the diagnosis