Empathy is a crucial facet in providing healthcare to patients. Healthcare requires its workers to work extended shifts and provide 24/7 coverage, which can lead to increased sleepiness and changes in empathy. This study assessed how cognitive and affective empathy were affected by time of day, working a 12-h shift, and perceived sleepiness in emergency medical technicians. Results demonstrated that

Purpose To examine the psychometric properties of the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI) using different psychometric approaches [including classical test theory, Rasch models, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve] among patients with advanced cancer. Methods Through convenience sampling, patients with cancer at stage III or IV (n = 859; 511 males; mean ± SD age = 67.4 ± 7.5 years) were

A blackout on the island of Hokkaido occurred following a massive earthquake on September 6, 2018. This study analyzed the sleep pattern data of junior high school students on the night of the blackout in comparison to a normal night. Data were collected from 52 junior high school students from a school away from the earthquake’s epicenter but within the blackout area. Although the students normally

Sleep in children is essential for growth, emotional health and cognitive function. Although it has been described that poor sleep can seriously affect learning capacity, this relationship remains unclear. The purposes were to: (1) describe sleep patterns and sleep problems in schoolchildren; and (2) analyze the relationship between sleep quality and quantity and academic achievement. This study included

During long-term follow-up of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) under the positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, it waits to be explored whether or when routine retitrations are indicated. We prospectively followed up 133 patients for 10 years to define which demographical or polysomnographic factors should be taken into account to determine the need for retitration. Patients

Although upper airway stimulation (UAS) is becoming an established therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Western countries, it is not available in Japan, where invasive procedures tend to be avoided, especially by women. We, therefore, performed surveillance concerning the preference for UAS among Japanese OSA patients receiving CPAP treatment. Preference for UAS and the reasons were obtained

Since sleep is under circadian and homeostatic regulation, the status of regulatory mechanisms can be known from daily activity patterns, including both sleep and wake states. Therefore, the relationship between their quantitative characterization and associated subjective QOL can be expected to provide practical knowledge for maintaining/improving QOL. An index quantifying the consistency of daily

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on patient anxiety and first-night effect (FNE) of a video modelling application, which has an important place in behavioural information practices. A total of 232 adolescent and adult patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea were randomly separated into groups within two age ranges using the sealed envelope method. Group 1 (14–18 years, n: 40)

Sleep disturbances have multiple negative effects on psychological, social, and occupational aspects. The effects of sleep disturbances on the risk of taking sick leave was investigated in a meta-analysis. According to the PRISMA protocol, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate sites were searched by the researchers until October 2018. Studies with prospective design and also the articles

Insomnia disorder has known striking developments over the last few years. Partly due to advances in neuroimaging techniques and brain sciences, our understanding of insomnia disorder has become more fine-tuned. Besides, developments within psychological and psychiatric fields have contributed to improve conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of insomnia. In this paper, we present a list of promising

Investigation of sleep spindles’ oscillations is increasingly considered as a major avenue of inquiry in analyzing the microarchitecture of sleep. Previous studies highlight a strong mutual interaction between sleep and stress. In the present study, we investigated the effects of multiple stresses, provoked by animal immobilization in the narrow Plexiglas boxes with additional stress by placing some

Despite plenty of restless legs syndrome (RLS) studies conducted with hemodialysis patients, it has been scarcely studied in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of RLS in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease and explore the relationship between RLS with sleep quality, depression, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and

Poor sleep and excessive weight gain of pregnant women are associated with maternal outcomes. However, it’s unknown regarding their effects of each other in pregnant women. This cohort study aimed to identify the trajectories of sleep quality and their associations with excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy. Data of 403 pregnant women were collected at three visiting points: early pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sleep disturbances and dry eye syndrome (DES). 201 patients with DES were included in this study. Tear fluid break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer I tests were performed. Patients with DES filled out Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The respondents completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity

The aim of this study was to examine the association between sleep duration and frailty in community-dwelling Turkish older adults and to determine whether this association varies depending on gender. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2013 to December 2013 with 905 individuals, representative of the aged population ≥ 60 years in community-dwelling elderly. Self-reported sleep duration

To examine whether insomnia disorder is associated with cognitive impairment in young and middle-aged Chinese adults. A case–control sample of 98 adults aged from 18 to 65 years old from Guangdong province underwent clinical history, physical examination, and cognitive assessments. We examined the trail-making test (TMT), basic symbol coding test (BASC), continuous performance task (CPT), category

Sleep-disordered breating (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) is a clinical syndrome mainly characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, which leads to snoring, respiratory disturbance, sleep interruption, hypoxemia, and subsequent chronic diseases. The options for intervention of OSAS include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), sleep surgery

The aim of this document was to provide a commentary on the AASM Manual for Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events in an Australasian context. A panel of Australasian sleep professionals developed the commentary. Each member was tasked with reviewing an assigned section and reporting back with potential AASM Manual clarifications and alterations. These suggestions were evaluated by the panel and ultimately

Adenosine signaling has profound effects on sleep, many of which depend on the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). Here, we compared the sleep architecture of adult male A2AR knockout (A2AR-KO) mice and wild-type littermates. While total time spent in each stage of wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) was normal in A2AR-KO mice, the episode durations of

Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) in Iranian adolescents. Methods The CASQ consists of 16 items measuring extreme sleepiness during the day in adolescents aged 11–17 years old. The questionnaire includes two dimensions: Sleepiness Statements and Alertness Statements. This

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-administrated questionnaire, is a frequently used instrument to assess sleep quality in clinical and non-clinical populations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic PSQI among patients diagnosed with cancer. A cross-sectional and descriptive correlational design was used with 369 patients with cancer completing

Sleep duration and quality are associated with many diseases. Evaluating the relationship between nutrient intake and sleep quality is important, because dietary factors play an important role in sleep quality. Short sleep duration which is associated with both metabolic disorders, obesity and, an irregular sleep pattern are thought to be related to an unhealthy diet. The recent literature has been

This review will trace the elements of neurostimulation for obstructive sleep apnea and details on its implementation, efficacy and safety, immediate clinical outcomes, and future prospects. The literature on upper airway neurostimulation was surveyed from July 2013 to July 2019, with a focus on the components of devices, evidence for clinical utility, and adverse events. Current technology is focused

Sleep disturbances, such as short sleep duration and insomnia, are core features of depression. However, it is unclear if sleep duration and insomnia have an interactive effect on depression severity or individual symptoms. Data were drawn from a community sample (N = 1007) containing responses on the Insomnia Severity Index, Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), and average sleep duration. Regression

We investigated the relationship between sleep disturbances and 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)-uptake during myocardial scintigraphy in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We studied consecutive PD patients who underwent MIBG scintigraphy at our institution. Collected data included Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage, the heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratio of MIBG scintigraphy, Epworth Sleepiness Scale

This study examined the relationship between dissatisfaction with cutaneous body image and facial appearance with symptoms of insomnia whilst incorporating the mediating role of anxiety and/or depression after accounting for co-morbid sleep disorder symptoms. Participants (n = 241) completed online measures assessing insomnia symptoms, anxiety and depression symptoms, and satisfaction with cutaneous

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact that portable electronic device use in bed after lights out has on sleep/wake behaviour within an adult population. Specifically, this study aimed to (1) identify patterns of use of electronic devices in bed; (2) examine the relationship between electronic device use in bed and sleep/wake behaviour; and (3) examine the impact of demographic variables

A 39-year-old married woman was referred to a psychiatry outpatient clinic for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The dose of zolpidem she had been taking had increased to more than 500 mg/day and, therefore, she was hospitalized with the aim of zolpidem detoxification. On admission, her serum zolpidem level was 1550 ng/mL, and this dropped to less than one (ng/mL) within 50 h. However,

Scientific research on the benefits of the Mahjong card game and social activity for sleep remains limited among older adults in China, although these two leisure behaviors are common among Chinese older adults. This study aims to examine this topic of interest in a single research effort. Applying panel data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 4718 participants, a nationally

Bright light (BL) therapy is clinically utilized for treatment of sleep–wake disorders through the manipulation of circadian oscillation. It is also extended to depressive disorders including seasonal affective disorder through emotional regulation. Recently, it has been suggested that BL facilitates memory encoding and consolidation via another psychophysiological mechanism of perceptual information

Objective Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia (BBTI) is an efficacious treatment of insomnia in older adults. Behavioral treatments for insomnia can also improve depression. However, it is unknown if BBTI is feasible or has an effect in patients with insomnia and late-life treatment resistant depression (LLTRD). The aims of this study were two-fold, to test: 1) the feasibility (defined by acceptability

Appropriate warming of the periocular or posterior cervical skin has been reported to induce autonomic or mental relaxation in humans. To clarify the effects of cutaneous warming on human sleep, eight male subjects with mild sleep difficulties were asked to try three experimental conditions at home, each lasting for 5 days, in a cross-over manner: warming of the periocular skin with a warming device

Purpose Sleep restriction is increasingly common and associated with the development of health problems. We investigated how the neuroendocrine stress systems respond to prolonged sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep in healthy young men. Methods After two baseline (BL) nights of 8 h time in bed (TIB), TIB was restricted to 4 h per night for five nights (sleep restriction, SR, n = 15), followed

Reliability of mean sleep latency testing (MSLT) over consecutive days in patients with hypersomnia is unknown. We reviewed MSLTs of patients with hypersomnia without cataplexy who underwent our two consecutive MSLT protocol (N=29). Average MSLs were 10.9 and 10.9 minutes for days 1 and 2, respectively. Agreement for pathological hypersomnia (defined as MSL≤8 minutes) between MSLT days showed k=0.85

Numerous studies have determined that lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, snacking, etc.) and the bedroom environment can influence sleep. We developed a new sleep scale-the 3-Dimensional Sleep Scale (3DSS)-which measures three elements of sleep: phase, quality, and quantity. The purpose of this study is to determine which risk factors of sleep complaints are associated with these sleep elements

Next-day residual effects are a common problem with current hypnotics. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the residual effects of eszopiclone on the physical and cognitive functions of healthy elderly people in the early morning and the day following drug administration. Four men and six women aged 63-72 years were administered eszopiclone 1 mg or placebo in a randomized, double-blind

Sleep deprivation is common among university students, and has been associated with poor academic performance and physical dysfunction. However, current literature has a narrow focus in regard to domains tested, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a night of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical performance in students. A randomized controlled crossover study was carried out with 64

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is crucial for brain functions, such as voluntary movement and cognition; however, the role of VTA in sleep-wake regulation when directly activated or inhibited remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of activation or inhibition of VTA neurons on sleep-wake behavior using the pharmacogenetic "designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs

Both a higher suicide rate and widespread sleep problems are serious health concerns in Japan when compared with those of other countries. We investigated the relationship between suicidal ideation and sleep problems in Japanese day workers using the 3-dimensional sleep scale (3DSS), which measures three sleep elements (phase, quality, and quantity). Data from 635 Japanese day workers (461 mens and

Epidemiological studies have shown that chronic sleep disturbances resulted in metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) and the glucose homeostasis in rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into CSD group and control (CON) group. The CSD rats were intervened by a modified multiple platform method (MMPM) to establish

The influence of light and maternal activity on early infant activity rhythm were studied in 43 healthy, maternal-infant pairs. Aims included description of infant and maternal circadian rhythm of environmental light, assessing relations among of activity and light circadian rhythm parameters, and exploring the influence of light on infant activity independent of maternal activity. Three-day light

Food availability is a potent environmental cue that directs circadian locomotor activity in rodents. Daily scheduled restricted feeding (RF), in which the food available time is restricted for several hours each day, elicits anticipatory activity. This food-anticipatory activity (FAA) is controlled by a food-entrainable oscillator (FEO) that is distinct from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the

The present pilot study examined the effectiveness of self-help therapy (SHT) in hospital nurses in Japan. Twenty-five hospital nurses (22 female, mean age 39.7 ± 14.6 years) participated in a 90-min workshop covering sleep hygiene education and brief stress management. After the workshop, participants in the SHT group (n = 10) were asked to practice good sleep habits, relaxation techniques, and keep

The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of the effects of the sleep education with self-help treatment for student, teacher, and local resident and sleep health promotion for mental and physical wellness for elderly with actual examples of public health from the community and schools. Sleep education with self-help treatment in schools revealed that delayed or irregular sleep/wake patterns

Narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by very low or undetectable concentration of hypocretin-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has been recently found that patients with NC have disturbed circadian pattern of blood pressure, with more frequent non-dipping, compared to healthy controls. It has been hypothesized that lack of hypocretin may lead to increase in nocturnal

The sleep medicine is a young medical science in Taiwan. It began from less than 10 sleep beds 20 years ago in four hospitals all over Taiwan. By the organization of sleep team in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and the initiation of Taiwan Society of Sleep Medicine, sleep medicine becomes a popular medicine in the past decades. The setting of Sleep Society in 2002 is the milestone to promote the sleep

The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) is frequently used to study sleepiness in various contexts. However, it exists in two versions, one with labels on every other step (version A), and one with labels on every step (version B) on the 9-point scale. To date, there are no studies examining whether these versions can be used interchangeably. The two versions were here compared in a 24 hr wakefulness

It has recently become clear that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, a disorder of defective energy storage and use. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this finding, drawing upon the characteristics that define OSA. In particular, intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, elevated sympathetic tone, and oxidative stress

Insomnia has been reported as a risk factor of suicidal behaviors, but few studies have examined the association among insomnia, mental disorder and suicide, especially among Chinese populations. In this study, we examined the effect of insomnia symptoms on completed suicide in a large sample of suicides and their controls in Chinese rural youths. Subjects were 388 consecutively recruited suicides

Maintaining human alertness and behavioral capability under conditions of sleep loss and circadian misalignment requires fatigue management technologies due to: (1) dynamic nonlinear modulation of performance capability by the interaction of sleep homeostatic drive and circadian regulation; (2) large differences among people in neurobehavioral vulnerability to sleep loss; (3) error in subjective estimates

There are few studies examining changes in waking function in a laboratory environment with no sleep deprivation and mood has been largely overlooked in this context. The present study examined changes in mood, performance, sleep and sleepiness in the laboratory study with no sleep deprivation. Nineteen participants (10M, 9F; 22y ± 4.2y) were given nine 9h sleep opportunities (2300-0800). Every two

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of individual and group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in outpatients with primary insomnia diagnosed by DSM-IV-TR. The participants were 20 individually treated (I-CBT-I) and 25 treated in a group therapy format (three to five patients per group) (G-CBT-I), which showed no significant difference regarding demographic variables

CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGICAL ANOMALIES CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO PRINCIPAL CATEGORIES: skeletal anomalies and soft tissue anomalies. This study examined the hypothesis that the assessment of indices representing both skeletal and soft tissue can be used to appropriately identify the risk factor of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). 232 suspected OSAHS male patients were examined with polysomnography

We recently identified neurons in the cerebral cortex that become activated during sleep episodes with high slow-wave activity (SWA). The distinctive properties of these neurons are the ability to produce nitric oxide and their long-range projections within the cortex. In this review, we discuss how these characteristics of sleep-active cells could be relevant to SWA production in the cortex. We also

Circadian rhythms are adjusted to the external environment by the light-dark cycle via the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and to the internal environment of the body by multiple cues that derive from feeding/fasting. These cues determine the timing of sleep/wake cycles and all the activities associated with these states. We suggest that numerous sources of temporal information, including hormonal cues such

Although self-reported long sleep is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, little is known about the objective sleep patterns and daytime functioning of long sleepers, particularly those aged ≥50 years. Our primary aim was to compare the objective and subjective sleep patterns of a sample (n = 35) of middle- to older-aged adults who reported sleeping ≥8.5 h per night. A secondary aim was

Cocaine administration can be disruptive to sleep. In compulsive cocaine users, sleep disruption may be a factor contributing to relapse. The effects of cocaine on sleep, particularly those produced by low doses, have not been extensively studied. Low dose cocaine may stimulate brain reward systems that are linked to the liability of abusing of this drug. This study was designed to assess the effects

Although exercise is widely believed to improve sleep, experimental evidence has found acute and chronic exercise to exert only modest effects on subsequent sleep. However, these studies are limited in that they have primarily used good sleepers (floor/ceiling effects). In contrast to experimental studies, epidemiologic studies have consistently reported significant positive associations between self-reported

The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in a non-clinical sample consisting of younger and older adults. There has been little research validating the PSQI with respect to multinight recording as with actigraphy, and more validation is needed in samples not specifically selected for clinical disturbance. Also, the degree

The antidepressant and sleep-promoting effects of light exposure might be useful for treating age-related mood and sleep disorders. In view of recent evidence suggesting beneficial effects of morning light, this study examined the associations of mood and sleep with morning light exposure, 24 h environmental illumination, and the degree to which the volunteers' bedroom windows were covered in the morning