The distribution of major modifiable risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) changes rapidly. These changes call for contemporary data from large-scale population-based studies.

The experience gained during the first COVID-19 wave could have mitigated the negative impact on stroke care in the following waves. Our aims were to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of patients with stroke admitted during the second COVID-19 wave and to evaluate the differences in the stroke care provision compared with the first wave.

Spinal cord central echo complex (SCCEC) is a special ultrasound-based intramedullary structure, but its clinical significance in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is undefined. This study is aimed to explore the potential of SCCEC in predicting the postoperative neurological recovery of DCM.

To evaluate whether interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) that are not visible on the scalp are associated with changes in frequency spectrum on scalp EEG.

Cognitive and motor impairments are the key clinical manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), but their combined effects on functional outcome have not been elucidated. This study investigated the interactions and mediating effects of cognitive and motor functions on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and quality of life in older individuals with various degrees of white matter

We investigated whether the annual volume of patients with acute ischemic stroke referred from a primary stroke center (PSC) for endovascular treatment (EVT) is associated with treatment times and functional outcome.

Many migraine patients rely on over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics for the treatment of migraine attacks. Fixed-dose combinations of aspirin, paracetamol and caffeine (APC) are used for treating migraine in many countries for a long time. We performed a meta-analysis for the comparison of APC vs placebo, which has not been done so far.

Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletions/variants in the TCF4 gene. Seizures may be present in up to half of the patients, leading to a more severe disease burden.

To assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alterations occurring in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and to explore the predictive ability of MRI for initial surgical outcome and long-term pain relief/recurrence after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS).

Atrial fibrillation (AF) often remains undiagnosed in cryptogenic stroke (CS), mostly because of limited availability of cardiac long-term rhythm monitoring. There is an unmet need for a pre-selection of CS patients benefiting from such work-up. We therefore developed a clinical risk score for the prediction of AF after CS and evaluated its performance over one year of follow-up.

In this issue, Krzywicka and colleagues describe the cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 reported to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) via their post-marketing pharmacovigilance system. They compare features and outcomes both between different vaccines, and with a historical dataset from three European hospitals on sporadic CVST pre-COVID-19 [1]

The optimal management of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains controversial. These joint European Stroke Organization (ESO) and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to assist clinicians in decision making regarding prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Our health systems are under strain. By 2050 we have to face 200 million stroke survivors world wide. Prevention can lower these numbers because a substantial proportion of risk factors are preventable. But currently strategies and possibilities of prevention have not been implemented effectively.

Previous observational studies have reported that patients with migraine have an increased risk of stroke. We explored whether migraine has a causal effect on stroke using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.

The mechanisms underlying speech abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain poorly understood, with most of the available evidence based on male patients. This study aimed to estimate the occurrence and characteristics of speech disorder in early, drug-naive PD patients with relation to gender and dopamine transporter imaging.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous pathology. Young patients with AD are particularly likely to have an atypical presentation. The objectives of the present cluster analysis were to determine whether patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) had several distinct cognitive profiles and to compare the resulting clusters with regard to clinical, neuroimaging and laboratory characteristics

In an era of individualized multiple sclerosis (MS) patient management, biomarkers for accurate prediction of future clinical outcomes are needed. We aimed to evaluate the potential of short-term MRI atrophy measures and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as predictors of the dynamics of disability accumulation in relapse-onset MS.

The management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) is challenging. The current risk evaluation based on traditional risk factors including size, location, irregular shape etc. has limited sensitivity and specificity. For example, more than half of ruptured intracranial aneurysms are smaller than the treatment threshold of 7mm. Therefore, finding more accurate biomarkers for UIA stability is

To investigate the neural correlates of impaired self-awareness of cognitive deficits (IACd) in nondemented patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD)

The objective of the STREAM trial was to evaluate the effect of simulation training on process times in acute stroke care.

Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) are frequent and highly disabling conditions. Despite the substantial advances in FMDs diagnosis, mechanisms and treatments, tangible applications to care are yet to be accomplished. We intended to identify the main real-life gaps and barriers in FMDs both patients and physicians face, in two different European countries, Italy and Czechia.

The world has been kept in suspense since early 2020 by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a multi-organ disease caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cephalalgia, the most frequent early symptom of COVID-19, not only is painful but is a disabling condition that causes substantial personal suffering, impaired quality of life, and economic

Knowledge about the seizure prevalence in the whole symptomatic course, from disease onset to death, in neurodegenerative diseases (ND) is lacking. Therefore, the aim was to investigate seizure prevalence and associated clinical implications in neuropathologically diagnosed ND.

Although hereditary ataxias are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, specific clinical clues can sometimes incriminate certain genes. This can trigger genetic testing in sporadic patients or prompt dissecting certain genes more thoroughly when initial genetic testing is negative. Also for the assembly of gene panels and interpretation of the results, genotype-phenotype correlations

The European Federation of Neurological Associations, in partnership with the NeuroCOVID-19 taskforce of the European Academy of Neurology, has investigated the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with neurological diseases, as well as the hopes and fears of these patients about the post-pandemic phase.

With great interest, we read the recent paper titled ‘Development and initial validation of a patient centered stroke outcome measure in young stroke survivors’ [1], published in European Journal of Neurology. For the first time, the authors developed Young Stroke Questionnaire (YSQ) and further confirmed its reliability and discriminant validity using 100 enrolled young stroke patients.

Studies reporting baseline determinants of cognitive performance and treatment effect on cognition in patients with MS are limited. We investigated the baseline correlates of cognition and the long-term treatment effects with fingolimod 0.5 mg once daily on cognitive processing speed (CPS) and attention in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

We read with interest the letter from Gasparini et al, in which the authors highlight the selection & classification biases in our recent study (1). We are aware of these biases, and we addressed them in the paper’s discussion. When considering selection bias, we clearly stated in the discussion that the 35 CMT patients were the most obvious candidates for CMT genetic investigation and that less obvious