Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a neuro‐opthalmological emergency necessitating adequate and comprehensive diagnosis. Its optimal management and treatment, however, are still under debate.

Observational study to evaluate long‐term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM) on patients with medically refractory myoclonus dystonia (MD).

It is unclear which cognitive outcome measure is the most useful for clinical trials in multiple sclerosis. To investigate the usefulness of the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) as a clinical outcome measure in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), we describe the frequency of worsening and improvement events in a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) dataset.

In this issue of the Journal, Frasquet et al. report on the genetic spectrum of a large cohort of patients with distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) from two large centres in Spain1. All patients underwent detailed clinical assessment by experts in neuromuscular disease and are likely to have an accurate diagnosis. As the centre in Valencia provides all neuromuscular services for a defined geographical

Parkinson´s disease (PD) has a large phenotypic variability, which may, at least partly, be genetically driven including alterations of gene products. Candidates might not only be proteins associated with disease risk but also pathways that play a role in aging.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) are demyelinating disorders that typically affect the optic nerves and the spinal cord. However, recent studies have demonstrated various forms of brain involvement indicating encephalitic syndromes, which consequently are included in the diagnostic criteria for both. Swallowing is processed

The clinico‐radiological paradox in MS is well recognised, relevant and yet poorly understood. We tested the suitability of an in vivo model for the clinico‐radiological paradox, using internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF).

Strains of Streptococcus mutans expressing the cell surface collagen‐binding protein, Cnm, encoded by cnm (cnm‐positive S. mutans), are associated with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the occurrence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Small diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities in patients with acute ICH are also associated with CMBs. However, the association between cnm‐positive

Functional neurological disorders (FND) represent a significant proportion of presentations to outpatient adult neurology services. There is little information relating to patients presenting to acute inpatient care.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection predisposes patients to arterial and venous thrombosis. This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence in the literature for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in association with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19).

The potentially increased risk of extrathymic cancers in MG remains uncertain. We present the occurrence of extrathymic cancer diagnoses in different MG subgroups.

The transition from episodic migraine to chronic migraine, migraine chronification, is usually a gradual process, which involves multiple risk factors. To date, studies of the genetic risk factors for chronic migraine have focused primarily on candidate gene approaches using healthy individuals as controls.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐antibody (MOG‐ab)‐associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition of the CNS. However, data on pain and depression have remained scarce. The aim of this study was to assess features of chronic pain and depression as well as their impact on health‐related quality of life (hr‐QoL) in MOGAD.

Since the onset of the novel coronavirus pandemic, several neurological complications secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been reported, affecting central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and neuromuscular junction.

Since the leçons du mardi conducted by Jean‐Martin Charcot at La Pitié‐Salpêtrière in the nineteenth century, teaching in Neurology has gone through several changes.

With great interest, we read the recent original article written by Zihan Chang et al1, which was published in European Journal of Neurology. In this multicenter retrospective case‐control study, the authors found that elevated serum Cystatin C may be associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator therapy, independently. The results of receiver operating

To investigate prion protein (PrP) deposits in cutaneous tissues of patients of GPI‐anchorless prion diseases with neuropathy.

Headache is an important manifestation during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this study, we aim to identify factors associated with headache in COVID‐19 and headache characteristics.

We evaluated muscle echointensity as marker for secondary axonal damage in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) using ultrasound. Findings were correlated with clinical disability and muscular strength.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. Studies using various MRI analytical approaches have consistently identified significant precentral abnormalities in ALS, whereas their structural and functional underpinnings remain poorly understood.

Patients with a chronic illness, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and their natural caregivers have a specific experience of healthcare and health services. These experiences need to be assessed to evaluate the quality of care. Our objective was to develop a French‐language questionnaire to evaluate the quality of care as experienced by MS patients and their natural caregivers.

Although erenumab has demonstrated significant reduction in migraine frequency and improved quality of life in studies lasting 3‐12 months, little is known about long‐term therapy.

Leukodystrophies – i.e. genetic diseases primarily affecting the CNS white matter (WM) – are increasingly recognized in the field of adult neurology. Thanks to greater access to next generation sequencing (NGS) such as gene panels, whole‐exome or whole‐genome sequencing, many rare disorders classically affecting the WM in children are now diagnosed in adults. MRI of the CNS remains a key diagnostic

Botulinum toxin (BT) injection into the laryngeal muscles has been a standard treatment for spasmodic dysphonia (SD). However, few high‐quality clinical studies have appeared and BT is used off‐label in most countries.

One decade ago, the diagnostic criteria for three major forms of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) — nonfluent‐agrammatic variant (nfvPPA), semantic variant (svPPA), and logopenic variant (lvPPA) — have been established based on expert consensus [1]. However, non‐canonical forms of PPA (i.e., dynamic aphasia, pure apraxia of speech, pure anomia, dysprosodia) [2] and some features such as echolalia

Immunization by means of vaccination is a global health success story, saving millions of lives every year. In this regard, the epidemiology of measles, rabies, polio, rubella, varicella, influenza and mumps infections, all of which can harm the nervous system, could be contained by global vaccination campaigns. In addition, toxoid vaccines against bacterial toxins such as tetanus and diphtheria are

The postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a form of autonomic dysfunction characterized by symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, often accompanied by sudomotor dysfunction and gastrointestinal dysmotility. Recently, evidence has accumulated that in a subset of patients, the pathogenesis of dysautonomia may be immune‐mediated. The aim of the current report was to evaluate the use of intravenous immunoglobulin

The objectives were to assess the feasibility and validity of using markers of dementia‐related health as indicators of dementia progression in primary care, by assessing the frequency they are recorded and by testing the hypothesis they are associated with recognised outcomes of dementia. The markers, in 13 domains, were derived previously through literature review, expert consensus, and analysis

We analyzed the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on neurological emergencies, depending on their triage score in a setting with relatively few COVID‐19 cases without lack of resources.

Neurological symptoms have been frequently reported in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and biomarkers of CNS injury are reported to be increased in plasma but not extensively studied in CSF. This study examines CSF for biomarkers of CNS injury and other pathology in relation to neurological symptoms and disease severity in patients with neurological manifestations of

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, scientific congresses are increasingly being organised as virtual congresses. In May 2020, the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) held a VC, free‐of‐charge. In the absence of systematic studies on this topic, the aim of this study is to evaluate the attendance and perceived quality of the 2020 EAN virtual congress (VC) compared to the 2019 EAN face‐to‐face congress (FFC)

In this study, we examined whether egocentric representation of space is impaired in chronic unilateral vestibulopathies. The objective was to test current theories attributing a predominant role to vestibular afferents in spatial cognition and to assess whether representational neglect signs are common sign in peripheral vestibular loss.

Current methods to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases are costly and invasive. Retinal neuroanatomy may be a biomarker for more neurodegenerative processes and can be quantified in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is inexpensive and noninvasive. We examined the association of neuroretinal morphology with brain MRI image derived phenotypes (IDPs) in a large cohort of healthy older

There is a lack of evidence guiding discontinuation of disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Thus, the objective of this study was to generate and validate a risk score for disease reactivation after DMT discontinuation in RMS.

Various blood biomarkers reflecting brain amyloid‐β (Aβ) load have recently been proposed with promising results. However, to date, no comparative study among blood biomarkers has been reported. Our objective is to examine the diagnostic performance and cost effectiveness of three blood biomarkers on the same cohort.