Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is the second most common type of SCAs in China. However, the clinical and genetic features of Chinese SCA2 patients were scarcely reported.

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein (TP) in patients with acute ascending paresis is indicative of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Recent studies showed that the outdated, but still widely used upper reference limit (URL) for CSF‐TP of 0.45g/L leads to false‐positive results mainly due to lack of age‐adjustment. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of increased CSF‐TP

Cerebral microbleeds (MB) and superficial siderosis (SS) are frequent neuroimaging findings in patients with logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA), often with frontal lobe predilection. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is hypothesized to be the major pathologic determinant of MB/SS in these patients; however, neuroimaging‐pathologic data are limited.

Apart from inflammation and neurodegeneration, the individual clinical course of MS might be determined by differential adaptive capacities of the CNS. It has been postulated that the retention of adaptive training effects may be impaired in persons with MS (PwMS).

Investigation of differential effects of early intensive versus guideline‐recommended blood pressure (BP) lowering between lacunar and non‐lacunar acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the BP arm of Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study (ENCHANTED).

Mortality following infections in dementia has not yet been comprehensively explored. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the short‐ and long‐term mortality following infections in dementia.

Cognitive impairment is a common sequel of recent small subcortical infarction (RSSI) and might be negatively affected by pre‐existing cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We investigated whether the course of cognitive function in patients with RSSI is influenced by the severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), an important imaging feature of SVD.

Autoantibodies targeting the GluN1(NR1) subunit of the anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) cause encephalitis. Although it has been shown that anti‐NMDAR encephalitis is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci, susceptibility genes for the disease outside the HLA loci remain unidentified. In this study, we aimed to explore the association of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis with non‐HLA genes

Infections with Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV‐6A) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) development. For EBV, late infection has been proposed as a risk factor, but serological support is lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate how age affects the EBV and HHV‐6A associated risks of developing MS.

In relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis patients (RRMS) disability progressively accumulates over time. To compare the cumulative probability of six‐month confirmed disability‐worsening events using a fixed baseline or a roving Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) reference, in a real‐world setting.

The recent SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has posed multiple challenges to the practice of clinical neurology including recognition of emerging neurological complications and management of coexistent neurological diseases. In a fast‐evolving pandemic, evidence‐based studies are lacking in many areas. This paper presents European Academy of Neurology (EAN) expert consensus statements to guide neurologists caring

We read with interest the review article by De Sanctis et al. about 18 patients with Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS) associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (COVID‐19) [1]. Acute, inflammatory, demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) was the most frequent subtype of GBS. We have the following comments and concerns. The number of patients experiencing GBS in the context of COVID‐19 is much higher than reported

To report results of ultrasound‐guided lumbar puncture for the administration of nusinersen in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients with complex spines.

To describe a large series of patients with α, β and γ sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD‐R3, R4 and R5) and study phenotypic correlations and disease progression.

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is the most important cause of motor neuron disease in childhood and continues to represent the leading genetic cause of infant death. Adulthood‐onset SMA (SMA type 4) is rare with few isolated cases reported. The objective of this study is to describe a cohort of patients with SMA type 4.

A randomized trial of phenytoin in acute optic neuritis (ON) demonstrated a 30% reduction in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss with phenytoin versus placebo. Here we present the corresponding serum neurofilament analyses.

Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with associated clinical and genetic risk factors. This study was aimed at analyzing the clinical features and the genetic background that underlie these ICDs.

At the time of writing, the number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases in Italy has dropped to less than 150 cases per day. Now we can finally take a breath and think back on what we have experienced during the last months in our hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII in Bergamo, Lombardy, the epicentre of the Italian pandemic. Amongst 1832 COVID‐19 patients hospitalized between 23 February and 21 May, we diagnosed

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurological disorder with a high psychosocial and economic burden. As part of the European‐Brain‐Council (EBC)‐led Value of Treatment(VoT)‐Project, this study aimed at capturing the economic benefit of a timely, adequate, and adherent PD treatment.

Large societal costs of stroke should not be ignored. We aimed to estimate patients’ productivity losses and informal care costs during the first year after ischemic stroke.

Fourteen cases of α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) deficiency have been published (10 adults, 4 children) (1‐13). AMACR deficiency typically has an adult onset with variable severity and a range of predominant symptoms (figure 1a). More rarely, AMACR deficiency presents in childhood with coagulopathy and hepatic disease. AMACR is involved in perioxsomal metabolism by racemizing 2R‐pristanic acid,

The aim was to describe the profiles of hemorrhagic patterns of moyamoya disease (MMD) and analyze the risk factors in a large population.

The symptomatic effect of zolpidem on apathy has been reported in neurological disorders such as strokes and post‐anoxic brain injuries, but not in white‐matter disease of the brain.

Ischaemic stroke has been described in association with COVID‐19. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been suggested, i.e. prothrombotic state, cardiac injury etc. It was sought to assess the potential association between ischaemic stroke associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and underlying atherosclerotic lesions.

The etiology of ‘exploding head syndrome’ (EHS) is currently highly controversial and its management is unknown. The object was to explore these.

The present systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to establish the possible value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum/plasma levels of amino acids as markers of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) incidence can increase during outbreaks of infectious illnesses. A few cases of GBS associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection have been reported. The aim was to identify specific clinical features of GBS associated with COVID‐19. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched from 1 November 2019 to 17 May 2020 and included all papers with full text in English

Miller‐Fisher syndrome (MFS) is classified as a variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), accounting for 5%–25% of all GBS cases. Since the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak, increasing evidence has been reported of the neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. Here we report

Hydrocephalus or papilledema has rarely been reported in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).

A 36‐year‐old woman who presented with upper limb distal weakness since the age of 15 years, with gradual progression to the lower limbs, is reported. Hereditary motor neuropathy was initially suspected based on distal weakness and hyporeflexia; however, whole exome sequencing accidentally revealed a compound heterozygous variant in the GNE gene, and ultrasound revealed increased homogeneous echogenicity

Restless‐Legs‐Syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common neurological disorders. It describes an irresistible urge to move the legs, mostly manifested in the evening and at night, which can lead to severe sleep disturbance. As part of the European Brain Council (EBC)‐led Value‐of‐Treatment (VoT) Project, this study aimed at capturing the socio‐economic impact of RLS related to the inadequate diagnosis

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and dependency in Europe and costs the EU >€30 billion, yet significant gaps in the patient pathway remain and the cost‐effectiveness of comprehensive stroke care to meet these needs is unknown.

Idiopathic‐normal‐pressure‐hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive, severe brain disorder, which affects mainly people above the age of 65. iNPH is characterized by the accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain’s ventricles. In most cases, iNPH patients can be effectively treated with shunt surgery, which involved placing a tube into the brain to drain the excess fluid. As part of the

BNP and NT‐proBNP are well known surrogates of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection but studies usually present data on either BNP or NT‐proBNP. We aimed to determine and directly compare the validity of both biomarkers as a tool to predict AF and guide prolonged cardiac monitoring in cryptogenic stroke patients.

in multiple sclerosis (MS), disease‐related factors and dysfunctional coping might favour the development of mental distress induced by COVID‐19 containment measures.

The number of clot retrieval attempts required to achieve complete reperfusion by mechanical thrombectomy impacts functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Complete reperfusion [expanded Treatment In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score = 3] at first pass (FP), is associated with the highest rates of favorable outcome compared to complete reperfusion by multiple passes. The aim of the present

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Q (PTPRQ) was extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with probable idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) by proteome analysis. We analysed the feasibility of using CSF PTPRQ concentrations for the additional diagnostic criterion of iNPH in Japanese and Finnish populations.

We appreciate the comments by Zheng et al.[1] regarding our manuscript entitled “Cerebrospinal and blood levels of amino acids as potential biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease: review and metaanalysis”[2], emphasizing the heterogeneity across studies, a concern that was already mentioned in our manuscript.