Real-world data on Alemtuzumab are limited and do not provide evidence on its effectiveness after different Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs). Our aim was to provide real-world data on the impact of clinical variables and previous DMTs on clinical response to Alemtuzumab.

The effect of mirror therapy for unilateral neglect after stroke currently remains uncertain.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is characterized by a range of cognitive impairments, especially in executive function. Our study aims to identify the abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and its relationship with the executive function.

Accurate epidemiological information is essential for the improved understanding of dystonia syndromes, as well as better provisioning of clinical services and providing context for diagnostic decision-making. Here, we determine epidemiological, social deprivation and mortality characteristics of adult-onset idiopathic dystonia in the Welsh population.

We conducted this study to describe detailed clinical characteristics, ancillary test results and treatment response of a group of Chinese patients with anti-IgLON5 disease.

Diagnostic criteria for adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) due to colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) mutation have been recently proposed. Our objective was to assess their accuracy in an independent multicentre cohort.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the Central Nervous System with an undetermined etiology. Retinoids may have immunomodulatory effects that favorably influence MS progression. No observational studies have explored the relationship between exposure to retinoids and risk of acquiring MS.

High mortality rates have been reported in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) after vaccination with adenoviral vector SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mortality of patients with CVST-VITT has decreased over time.

SMASH-U is a systematic aetiological classification system for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) proven to be a predictor of post-ICH haematoma expansion and mortality. However, its role in predicting functional outcome remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether SMASH-U is associated with long-term functional outcome after ICH and improves the accuracy of prediction when added to max-ICH

The distribution of major modifiable risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) changes rapidly. These changes call for contemporary data from large-scale population-based studies.

The experience gained during the first COVID-19 wave could have mitigated the negative impact on stroke care in the following waves. Our aims were to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of patients with stroke admitted during the second COVID-19 wave and to evaluate the differences in the stroke care provision compared with the first wave.

Spinal cord central echo complex (SCCEC) is a special ultrasound-based intramedullary structure, but its clinical significance in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is undefined. This study is aimed to explore the potential of SCCEC in predicting the postoperative neurological recovery of DCM.

To evaluate whether interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) that are not visible on the scalp are associated with changes in frequency spectrum on scalp EEG.

Cognitive and motor impairments are the key clinical manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), but their combined effects on functional outcome have not been elucidated. This study investigated the interactions and mediating effects of cognitive and motor functions on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and quality of life in older individuals with various degrees of white matter

Many migraine patients rely on over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics for the treatment of migraine attacks. Fixed-dose combinations of aspirin, paracetamol and caffeine (APC) are used for treating migraine in many countries for a long time. We performed a meta-analysis for the comparison of APC vs placebo, which has not been done so far.

Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletions/variants in the TCF4 gene. Seizures may be present in up to half of the patients, leading to a more severe disease burden.

In this issue, Krzywicka and colleagues describe the cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 reported to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) via their post-marketing pharmacovigilance system. They compare features and outcomes both between different vaccines, and with a historical dataset from three European hospitals on sporadic CVST pre-COVID-19 [1]

The optimal management of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains controversial. These joint European Stroke Organization (ESO) and European Academy of Neurology (EAN) guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to assist clinicians in decision making regarding prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Our health systems are under strain. By 2050 we have to face 200 million stroke survivors world wide. Prevention can lower these numbers because a substantial proportion of risk factors are preventable. But currently strategies and possibilities of prevention have not been implemented effectively.

Previous observational studies have reported that patients with migraine have an increased risk of stroke. We explored whether migraine has a causal effect on stroke using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.

The management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) is challenging. The current risk evaluation based on traditional risk factors including size, location, irregular shape etc. has limited sensitivity and specificity. For example, more than half of ruptured intracranial aneurysms are smaller than the treatment threshold of 7mm. Therefore, finding more accurate biomarkers for UIA stability is

The objective of the STREAM trial was to evaluate the effect of simulation training on process times in acute stroke care.

Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) are frequent and highly disabling conditions. Despite the substantial advances in FMDs diagnosis, mechanisms and treatments, tangible applications to care are yet to be accomplished. We intended to identify the main real-life gaps and barriers in FMDs both patients and physicians face, in two different European countries, Italy and Czechia.

The world has been kept in suspense since early 2020 by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a multi-organ disease caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cephalalgia, the most frequent early symptom of COVID-19, not only is painful but is a disabling condition that causes substantial personal suffering, impaired quality of life, and economic

The European Federation of Neurological Associations, in partnership with the NeuroCOVID-19 taskforce of the European Academy of Neurology, has investigated the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with neurological diseases, as well as the hopes and fears of these patients about the post-pandemic phase.

With great interest, we read the recent paper titled ‘Development and initial validation of a patient centered stroke outcome measure in young stroke survivors’ [1], published in European Journal of Neurology. For the first time, the authors developed Young Stroke Questionnaire (YSQ) and further confirmed its reliability and discriminant validity using 100 enrolled young stroke patients.