ABSTRACT Objective While prior studies have found parental socioeconomic status (SES) affects the outcomes of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), the longitudinal trajectory of this effect is not well understood. Methods This prospective cohort study included children 8–18 years of age admitted to six sites with a complicated mild (n = 123) or moderate-severe TBI (n = 47). We used caregiver education

ABSTRACT Objective: Examine effects of age cohort on post-injury life satisfaction in elderly persons with TBI Design: Retrospective cohort Setting: TBI Model Systems centers. Participants: 5,109 elderly participants with TBI in the TBI Model Systems National Database Interventions: Not applicable Main Outcome Measures: Demographics, injury characteristics and cause, outcomes, age at time of analysis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Semantic elaboration is a process in which target information is analyzed in relation to content associated in meaning. The goal of the present study was to examine the use of phrasal cues intended to engage elaborative processes theorized to bolster cognitive performance. Methods: Twenty-two individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and twenty-six neurotypical (NT)

ABSTRACT Objective: Characterize the working memory (WM) profile of children and youth who have experienced concussion by systematically synthesizing existing literature on the neuropsychological outcomes of these injuries. Methods: Implemented a peer-reviewed search strategy combining key concepts of concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), WM, and pediatrics across MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate factors associated with collegiate athletes’ beliefs regarding chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) mechanism. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 838 collegiate athletes (61.9% men) from seven institutions completed a 10-minute survey that captured information relative to demographics, diagnosed concussion history, formal sport-related concussion education

ABSTRACT Objective Establish objective and subjective speech rate and muscle function differences between athletes with and without sports related concussion (SRC) histories and provide potential motor speech evaluation in SRC. Methods Over 1,110 speech samples were obtained from 30, 19–22 year-old athletes who had sustained an SRC within the past 2 years and 30 pair-wise matched control athletes with

ABSTRACT Introduction:There is limited evidence investigating the effect of vestibular/oculomotor rehabilitation programs in children and adolescents post moderate-severe TBI at the sub-acute stage. Objective:To describe the development of a treatment protocol for vestibular/oculomotor interventions in this population, and to assess the inter-rater agreement of this protocol as an initial step of a

ABSTRACT Background: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emitted tomography (FDG-PET) is a promising yet unexplored functional neuroimaging tool in the study and prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. The present study aimed to correlate clinical data and FDG-PET scans for both analysis and prognostic use. Methods: 24 patients from an intensive rehabilitation

ABSTRACT To date, no guideline exists for the management of epilepsy in patients with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). This review aimed to assess the occurrence of epilepsy and epileptic abnormalities (EA) in these patients, to determine their impact on recovery; and to review the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AED) and therapeutic interventions on seizure occurrence and consciousness recovery

ABSTRACT Aim To describe trends in the incidence of match concussions and time to return-to-play in professional rugby union. Methods Match concussion incidence (injuries per 1000 player-match-hours) and time to return-to-play (mean and median days absence) were recorded in 3006 male professional rugby union players over 16 seasons (2002/03 – 2018/19). Results From 2002/03 to 2009/10, incidence of

ABSTRACT Background Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is a severe disease, which may cause serious dysfunction of the brain. Most circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play a significant role in CIR injury. However, a novel circRNA, circ_0062166 (circ_BCL2L13) has not been investigated for CIR injury. Hence, we aim to disclose the role of circ_0062166 in CIR injury in this study

ABSTRACT Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced hospitals to adopt tighter restrictions, the most impacting is no access to visitors. Disorder of consciousness (DOC) due to severe acquired brain injury is a condition needing neurorehabilitation and the role of relatives is essential, hence besides physical “disconnection” digital “re-connection” is crucial. We aimed to assess

ABSTRACT Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality. However, the effects of MRI on the immune system in the in vivo conditions are yet to be clarified. In this study we explored the effects of routine brain MRI on the protein and mRNA peripheral blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-17A and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Material and methods:

ABSTRACT Objective We sought to identify and correlate the severity of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) associated with olfactory dysfunction with cognitive and behavioral profiles. Participants and Setting Patients with TBI undergoing treatment in a specialized neuro-rehabilitation hospital. Design Prospective study. Main Measures Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the time of injury and during posttraumatic

ABSTRACT Purpose:To identify the tests and tools used to evaluate vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in all age groups and across TBI severity. Methods: An electronic search was conducted to include relevant peer-reviewed literature published up to November 2019. Studies included those done with humans, of all ages, and had assessments of oculomotor and/or vestibulo-ocular

ABSTRACT Background: The effect of childhood brain tumor and its treatments on the developing brain are recognized to cause late-occurring structural and functional changes, inclusive of neurocognitive and communication disturbances. Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in function in the prospective cognitive-communication and language abilities of two children surviving childhood

ABSTRACT Purpose : To systematically regroup articles that were published since the latest systematic search, but with specific inclusion criteria to help comparison that will offer a focused presentation of methods and results. This will offer a full overview of HRV’s behavior at rest and during exercise in adults post-concussion. Methods : The systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting

ABSTRACT Background/objectives The objective was to assess the relationships between neuropsychological impairments, functional outcome and life satisfaction in a longitudinal study of patients after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (PariS-TBI study). Patients Out of 243 survivors, 86 were evaluated 8 years post-injury. They did not significantly differ from patients lost-to-follow up except for

ABSTRACT Objective Concussion education strategies that improve knowledge and attitudes long term are needed. This exploratory study piloted an interactive concussion education program, adopting concepts from the learning sciences and attitude change literature, for the underserved and high-risk population of motorsports. Method Forty UK motorsport drivers (ages 16–20 years) participated. The workshop

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the impact and prevalence of sleep-wake disturbances among adult patients admitted for inpatient acquired brain injury rehabilitation. Method This was a retrospective cohort study involving all adults admitted for inpatient ABI neurocognitive rehabilitation at UHN-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute over a 12-month period (n = 165). The

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and return to normal activities between mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) patients with or without concomitant injuries at 7-and 90 days post-mTBI.Methods: Design: Sub-analysis of a multicentre prospective cohort study. Participants and setting: patients with mTBI from 7 Canadian Emergency Departments. Procedure: Research assistants conducted

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the current knowledge of sport-related concussion (SRC) management of clinicians in emergency departments in the North West of England. Methods: A cross-sectional, multi-center study design was used and included emergency department clinicians (EDCs) across 15 centers in the North West of England. A 22-question survey was issued with questions focused on the 5th International

ABSTRACT Primary objective The aim of the study was twofold. First, to study the relationship among apathy in the long term, initial clinical measures, and standard outcome scores after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Second, to describe white matter integrity correlates of apathy symptoms. Research Design Correlational study. Methods and Procedures: Correlation and Bayesian networks analyses were performed

ABSTRACT Objective: To present pre-injury, injury-related, work-related and post-injury characteristics, and to compare patients with and without traumatic intracranial abnormalities, in a treatment-seeking sample with persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) after mild-to-moderate TBI. Methods: Cross-sectional design in the context of a specialized TBI outpatient clinic. Eligible patients were aged

ABSTRACT Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant psychological distress, but few psychologists in Australia are trained in working with this complex clinical group. Despite government funding to provide video-consulting (VC) services in Australia, uptake before COVID-19 was limited. Objective This mixed methods study evaluated whether training in eHealth and evidence based TBI

ABSTRACT Primary Objective: To discuss the biopsychosocial factors that affect being overweight or obese after acquired brain injury (ABI) Research Design: Narrative review Methods and Procedures: Based on the biopsychosocial model, we discuss the unique injury-specific factors that can affect bring overweight or obese among individuals with ABI including: (1) biological, (2) psychological and (3)

ABSTRACT Background There is little knowledge about rest-activity cycles (RAC) in patients with severe-acquired brain injury (sABI) during early in-hospital rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate if patients with sABI displayed unconsolidated RACs at the beginning of in-hospital rehabilitation, and how these changed over time. Methods This study was a prospective observational study. All patients

ABSTRACT Background There is paucity in the literature to predict the occurrence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). We aimed to build a C.5. Decision Tree (C.5 DT) machine learning model to predict VAP in patients with moderate to severe TBI. Methods This was a retrospective study including all adult patients who were hospitalized with TBI plus head

ABSTRACT Primary objective In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of measures of psychological flexibility in a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) sample. Method and Procedures Adults who sustained a mTBI (n = 112) completed the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – Acquired Brain Injury reactive avoidance subscale (AAQ-ABI (RA). Exploratory factor analysis and Rasch analysis were conducted

ABSTRACT Importance Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a critical health problem in regions of limited resources (RLRs). Younger populations are among the most impacted. The objective of this review is to analyze recent consensus-based algorithms, protocols and guidelines proposed for the care of patients with TBI in RLRs. Observations The principal mechanisms for sTBI in RLRs are road traffic

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the predicting demographic, clinical and radiological factors for neurosurgical intervention in complicated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients. Methods Design: retrospective multicenter cohort study. Participants: patients aged ≥16 presenting to all level-I trauma centers in Quebec between 09/2016 and 12/2017 with mTBI(GCS 13–15) and complication on initial

ABSTRACT Objective Cognitive fatigue is a common and disabling symptom following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Literature on cognitive fatigue has distinguished between two types of fatigue: “state” fatigue refers to the acute experience of fatigue, whereas “trait” fatigue refers to the susceptibility to fatigue over an extended period. However, it is not clear whether state and trait fatigue are

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves structural damage to the brain regions causing death or disability in patients with lifelong sufferings. Accidental injuries to the brain, besides structural damage, if any, cause activation of various deleterious pathways leading to subsequent neuronal death and permanent dysfunction. However, immediate medical management/treatments could reduce the chances

ABSTRACT Purpose Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is used increasingly for individuals with psychological distress following acquired brain injury (ABI) in different countries. However, questionnaires measuring ACT-processes are often not validated for this patient group and need cross-cultural validation. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Background This research adds to the scarce literature regarding adolescent experiences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It uses a qualitative methodology to explore the symptoms experienced after sustaining a TBI at this unique stage of development including their persistence into adulthood. Methods Thirteen adults (aged 20–25 years; mean 23 years) who sustained a mild-moderate TBI during

ABSTRACT Background While difficulties regulating emotions are almost ubiquitous after traumatic brain injury (TBI), remediation techniques are limited. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is a physiological measure of emotion regulation and can be modified using biofeedback training. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of repeated biofeedback training for improving emotion regulation

ABSTRACT Objective This study examines the perceived needs, experience, and satisfaction of informal caregivers (ICGs) in in-hospital settings, related to their involvement in the design and delivery of services together with hospital staff, namely co-production. Design To obtain a picture of current ICG–staff relationship, a multicenter observational study was carried out. Participants were 75 ICGs

ABSTRACT Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are associated with functional network connectivity alterations throughout recovery. Yet, little is known about the adaptive or maladaptive nature of post-mTBI connectivity and which networks are predisposed to altered function and adaptation. The objective of this review was to determine functional connectivity changes post-mTBI and to determine the adaptive

ABSTRACT Information is limited about signs and symptoms experienced by individuals who self-report a concussion within surveys. The objective of this study was to assess the number and types of signs/symptoms adults experienced and whether or not medical attention was reported after sustaining a self-reported concussion in the past year. A sample of 3,624 adults responded to the web-based 2019 FallStyles

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the factor structure of the Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) Exam and its suitability as a cognitive screening tool among individuals admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit for new-onset neurological injury/illness. Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted. Of the 187 individuals meeting the inclusion criteria, 116 had a diffuse pattern of neurological

ABSTRACT Objective: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) synthesize research evidence for health professionals and improve consistency of clinical care. However, it is unclear if concussion clinicians use them in their practice. We aimed to describe which CPGs New Zealand clinicians used and facilitators and barriers to uptake of these resources. Materials and Methods: We used snowballing recruitment

We recently published in this journal (Caronni and colleagues, Brain Injury, 2021-04-16) the first description of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of brain injured patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC). Surprisingly enough we showed that, in these patients, the COVID was moderate and did not result in fatalities. The pathogenesis of the COVID is characterized by the profound

ABSTRACT Primary Objective Established literature demonstrates that homeless individuals experience both greater disease burden and risk of experiencing traumatic brain injury (TBI) than the general population. Similarly, shared risk factors for both homelessness and/or TBI may exacerbate the risk of repetitive neurotrauma within homeless populations. Research Design We leveraged a state-wide trauma

ABSTRACT Objective: Although the annual number of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) reported in the US exceeds two million, data suggests that this is an underestimate. The goal of this study was to understand lifetime TBI incidence among a sample of college students. Additionally, this study examined whether a single yes/no question regarding TBI history was sufficient to gather accurate information

ABSTRACT Objective To examine factors related to attrition in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) study sample assessed up to 15 years after injury. Participants One thousand twenty-eight participants with TBI who completed the year 1 follow-up assessment at a TBI Model Systems Center between 1992 and 2018. Method Secondary analysis of data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study considering follow-up

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To investigate neurophysiological alterations within the typical symptomatic period after concussion (1-month) and throughout recovery (6-months) in adolescents; and (2) to examine relationships between neurophysiological and upper limb kinematic outcomes. METHODS: 18 adolescents with concussion were compared to 17 healthy controls. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used

ABSTRACT Objective Nerve damage can cause severe limb dysfunction and even leave a lifelong disability. The apoptosis of astrocytes may contribute to the nerve damage. In this research, we sought to investigate the effect of β-HB on nerve damage in vitro. Design Astrocytes were treated with high glucose (HG) to mimic in vitro model of nerve damage. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect expressions

ABSTRACT Background The majority of studies investigating the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in sub-Saharan Africa are primarily hospital-based, missing fatal, mild, and other cases of TBI that do not present to formal care settings. This study aims to bridge this gap in data by describing the epidemiology of TBI in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Methods This was a cross-sectional

ABSTRACT Purpose To examine the association between Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scores, Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) scores, and oculomotor deficits post-concussion. Methods Records of adolescent patients examined in a multidisciplinary concussion clinic between July 2014 and May 2019 were reviewed. PCSS and CISS scores, results of eye examination and oculomotor assessment

ABSTRACT Context: Concussion education and prevention programs require reliable and valid instruments to evaluate the theory, mechanisms, and outcome of these interventions Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of measures evaluating concussion education and prevention programsDesign: Descriptive epidemiological Setting: 10 NCAA-member universities Patients or Other Participants: 841 student-athletes

ABSTRACT Objective Describe driving patterns following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: Adults (N = 438) with TBI that required inpatient acute rehabilitation who had resumed driving. Design Cross-sectional, observational design. Setting Eight TBI Model System sites. Main Measures A driving survey was completed at phone follow-up. Results Most respondents reported driving

ABSTRACT Background: Cortisol is a crucial hormone for adaptation to challenging and stressful situations. Hair cortisol measurement is used to determine chronic stress; the growth rate of hair allows to determine averaged cortisol levels for a longer period. Objective: Pre- and post-injury measures of hair cortisol were compared in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and related to their

ABSTRACT Background: The Brain Injury Guidelines (BIG) provide a validated framework for categorizing patients with small intracranial haemorrhages (ICH) who could be managed by acute care surgery without neurosurgical consultation or repeat head computed tomography in the absence of neurological deterioration. This replication study retrospectively applied BIG criteria to ICH subjects and only included

ABSTRACT Aim To develop and validate a prediction model for disability among young patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) after the acute phase. Methods Within a nationwide cohort of 446 15–30-year-old ABI-patients, we predicted disability in terms of Glasgow Outcome Scale – Extended (GOS-E) <7 12 months after baseline assessment in outpatient neurorehabilitation clinics. We studied 22 potential

ABSTRACT Aims This study investigated the occurrence of speech-language disorders during the acute phase of recovery in children with acquired brain injury (ABI) with an age between 0 and 16 years. Methods A retrospective chart analysis was performed including 228 children (n = 118 boys, n = 110 girls) who consecutively presented with ABI over a 10-year period (2006–2016) at the children’s rehabilitation

ABSTRACT Objective Disrupted sleep is common following combat deployment. Contributors to risk include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); however, the mechanisms linking PTSD, mTBI, and sleep are unclear. Both PTSD and mTBI affect frontolimbic white matter tracts, such as the uncinate fasciculus. The current study examined the relationship between PTSD symptom

ABSTRACT Objectives: Primary: To explore anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels in community dwelling women following TBI. Secondary: To explore the relation of AMH to menstrual cycle, cognition, distress and symptoms of menopause. Setting: Large adult TBI outpatient clinic in Toronto Canada. Research design: Prospective study of 10 women with persistent symptoms who were one or more years post TBI. Methods:

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the changes in amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B in neonates with brain injury induced by neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB). Methods 67 neonates with brain injury induced by NHB admitted to our hospital from March 2016 to October 2018 were included in a brain injury group (BIG), and 82 neonates with NHB but without

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aims to describe the employment status and pattern among survivors of traumatic brain injury after motor vehicle accidents, and to explore the effects of demographic, injury variables and concomitant injuries on the employment status . Method A retrospective analyses of 370 medical reports written for patients who sustained traumatic brain injury from motor vehicle accidents

ABSTRACT Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is amongst the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The unprecedented emergence of COVID-19 has mandated neurosurgeons to limit viral spread and spare hospital resources whilst trying to adapt management plans for TBI. We aimed to characterize how this affects decision-making on TBI management and drive strategies to cope with future