ABSTRACT Objective Hyperoxia is associated with adverse outcome in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study explored differences in patient classification of oxygen exposure by PaO2 cutoff and cumulative area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis. Methods Retrospective, explorative study including children (<18 years) with accidental severe TBI (2002–2015). Oxygen exposure analysis used three PaO2

OBJECTIVE To explore which intraventricular fibrinolytic agent - urokinase (UK) or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) - combined with extraventricular drainage (EVD) is most suitable for patients with spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, OVID, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles and assessed their quality

Objective Relationship continuity/discontinuity refers to whether a spouse/partner experiences their current relationship with someone with an acquired brain injury (ABI) as a continuation of their loving pre-injury relationship or as radically changed. The aim of this study was to adapt a questionnaire measure of continuity/discontinuity from dementia research for use in an ABI context and to evaluate

OBJECTIVES The purpose of our investigation was to compare post-concussion symptom profiles and postural control measures among female youth artistic athletes (gymnasts and cheerleaders) relative to female ball sport athletes (volleyball or basketball). METHODS/FINDINGS We compared 27 artistic athletes (median age = 15.0 years; evaluated median = 13 days post-injury) and 49 ball sport athletes (median

OBJECTIVE To assess a simple technology solution to support basic communication and leisure in people with neurological disorders, extensive motor impairment, and absence of speech. DESIGN The design was a non-concurrent multiple baseline across participants. METHODS The study included eight participants and assessed a technology setup including a Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 LTE tablet and a Samsung Galaxy

BACKGROUND Peer support groups can be a way to obtain support, problem solve, and widen social networks. However, there has been no systematic literature review examining the evidence for the use of peer support groups after an acquired brain injury (ABI). OBJECTIVE This review sought to systematically evaluate the evidence for (1) the psychosocial effectiveness, and (2) the experience of peer support

(2020). Family experience of brain injury: surviving, coping, adjusting. Brain Injury. Ahead of Print.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The neurophysiological effects of pediatric concussion several years after injury remain inadequately characterized. The objective of this study was to determine if a history of concussion was associated with BOLD response differences during an n-back working memory task in youth. RESEARCH DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Participants include 52 children

OBJECTIVE The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) could provide useful information about cognitive status in traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet has not been validated in this population. We studied the reliability, construct validity, clinical responsiveness, and cognitive impairment classification-ability of the 3MS compared to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). METHODS Adult participants

BACKGROUND To explore the combined influences of temperature-sensitive bone mesenchymal stem cells (tsBMSCs) and mild hypothermia (MH) on neurological function and glucose metabolism in rats with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + MH, TBI + BMSCs and TBI + MH +tsBMSCs groups. Then, the brain water content, serum-specific proteins (S100β

OBJECTIVE Describe the extent to which concussion education provided to coaches of US high school and youth sport is inclusive of information necessary for them to engage in target behaviors related to the prevention, identification and management of concussion. METHODS Sport organizations included in the sample were US state high school governing bodies and national governing bodies (NGBs) for youth

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention facilitating volunteer activity to improve well-being in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN Randomized two-arm controlled trial, with a wait-list control condition (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT#01728350). SETTING Community-based setting. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-four community-dwelling individuals at least 1-year post TBI, who had

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The current study examined how creative divergent thinking (i.e., the ability to produce varied and original solutions to a problem) is impacted by moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive, observational. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We administered two tasks of divergent thinking, the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA) and the Alternative Uses

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between relatives' interpersonal functioning and patients' recovery after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) across one year in Switzerland. Design: This prospective, multi-center cohort study is comprised of 188 adult patients with severe TBI (Abbreviated Head Injury Score > 3) and their relatives. Patients and relatives were assessed 3, 6

To introduce the concept of cognitive intolerance. A test is proposed to measure this concept and pilot data are presented to support this measure and future research to develop this concept into a construct. Research design: Three-group comparison to protect larger study blinding. Methods and procedures: Two groups of student athletes (n = 13, n = 13) between 13 and 17 (mean 15.1 ± 1.1 years; 58%

BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious hidden health issue disproportionately affecting people who experience incarceration. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between TBI and serious disciplinary charges among men and women sentenced by the courts to terms of two or more years. METHODS The study originated in Ontario, Canada and used linked administrative health and correctional data

(2020). Concussion and traumatic encephalopathy: causes, diagnosis and management. Brain Injury. Ahead of Print.

OBJECTIVE To provide nationally representative estimates of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify clusters of individuals with TBI who follow similar perceived health trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling. PARTICIPANTS Adults (≥18 years old) from panels 9-19 (2004-2015) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) who experienced a TBI (n = 949). DESIGN Data from MEPS

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To examine patterns of community participation, as well as the relationship among community participation outcomes and time since injury, impairments, environmental factors, and enfranchisement in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional study of a sample of 61 adults with TBI. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We administered the Participation Measure- 3 Domains

INTRODUCTION Researchers have yet to explore the association of acute (i.e., within 3 days) post-injury VOMS scores and length of time until clearance to return to play in collegiate athletes. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to determine if individual Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) component symptom scores (e.g., smooth pursuits, convergence, vestibular-ocular reflex) can predict clearance to return

PURPOSE We explored the lived experience of high-school aged girls receiving social support during concussion recovery to better understand (1) how they define meaningful social support and barriers/facilitators to receiving it; (2) who provides that support; and (3) the role of peers. METHODS In person, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 girls (aged 14-19 years) with a personal history

OBJECTIVE Resource Facilitation is a lesser-known service line within the field of brain injury rehabilitation and has been described as similar to case management, care coordination, and neuronavigation. The purpose of this project was to evaluate current Resource Facilitation programs and provide a comprehensive summary of program characteristics to work toward a common definition of Resource Facilitation

OBJECTIVE Describe outcomes associated with bolus and continuous infusions of hypertonic saline (HTS) in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS IRB-approved, single-center, retrospective review of children admitted between January 1, 2012 to August 30, 2018 with a diagnosis of severe TBI who received HTS. RESULTS Forty-five children (age 9.3 ± 5.8 yr; 60% male) met inclusion criteria

(2020). The story of a clinical neuropsychologist. Brain Injury. Ahead of Print.

OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of clinically significant traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (T-ICH) following minor head trauma in older adults. Secondary objective was to investigate the impact of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies on T-ICH incidence. METHODS This retrospective cohort study extracted data from electronic patient records. The cohort

BACKGROUND Subjective organization (SO) is the ability to structure information to help facilitate storage and retrieval. There is a paucity of research concerning how a person subjectively organizes visual information. OBJECTIVES This study investigates whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) hinders the ability to subjectively organize and recall visual symbols. The authors use an Association Rule Modeling

OBJECTIVE To determine differences in rehabilitation gains made by people with an acquired brain injury undergoing staged community-based brain injury rehabilitation (SCBIR) at different times between injury and admission. METHOD Retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected demographic and rehabilitation data from clients admitted to SCBIR service 2011-2017 (n=92). Outcome measures: Mayo-Portland

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This study has three goals: to determine whether there is a higher rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for people of color (POC), whether TBI studies report racial/ethnic demographics, and whether there is a discrepancy in discharge destinations between Whites and POC. We examined whether 1) a higher percentage of POC would sustain head injuries than expected, 2) the majority of

OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to track the incidence and progression of traumatic microbleeds (TMBs) for up to five years following traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Thirty patients with mild, moderate, or severe TBI received initial MRI within 48 h of injury and continued in a longitudinal study for up to five years. The incidence and progression of MRI findings was assessed

To (a) identify residual symptoms and deficits resulting from a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and impact on patients' and their families' quality of life; (b) explore views and experience of care providers, researchers, patients, and carers of using PROMs; and (c) explore their attitudes toward reporting symptoms and impacts on an electronic platform. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews

Purpose: Functional outcome prediction for patients with traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is not highly related to the MRI classifications. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy in predicting functional outcome in patients with TAI with several MRI scoring methods and to define the most accurate method. Methods: Patients with TAI (2008–2014) confirmed on MRI <6 months after injury were included

OBJECTIVE Concussions in adolescents are a growing public health concern as the popularity of high school sports increases. The aim of this study was to identify clinical (e.g., prior concussion, migraine history, learning disabilities/attention deficit hyperactivity disorders [ADHD]) and demographic factors (e.g., sex, race, health insurance, mechanism of injury/sport, education) that predict concussion

Background: School nurses play a vital role in concussion management at the secondary school level, often being the only on-site healthcare provider during school hours. However, little is known regarding how they perceive their role in the concussion management process. The purpose of this study was to explore school nurses’ perceptions and satisfaction with concussion management in the secondary

Introduction: Defining and measuring limitations in functional status post-concussion has been challenging, as generic measures do not accurately reflect issues most relevant to adults with persistent post-concussion symptoms. Purpose: To develop a new concussion-specific measure of functional status for use in clinical practice and intervention trials. Method: We developed a conceptual model of functioning

Objectives: Single-item mood scales (SIMS) are used in clinical practice and research as simple and convenient measures to track mood and response to interventions but have rarely been formally evaluated in neurological samples. The current study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of SIMS in verbal and visual formats.Participants: Sixty-one people living in community settings in metropolitan

Objective: To assess the internal construct validity (ICV) of the five Brain Injury Rehabilitation Trust Personality Questionnaires (BIRT-PQ) with Classical Test Theory methods.Methods: Multicenter cross-sectional study involving 11 Italian rehabilitation centers. BIRT-PQs were administered to patients with severe Acquired Brain Injury and their respective caregivers. ICV was assessed by the mean of

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that might have a negative influence on auditory processing and higher-level language processing in the US veterans of the recent foreign wars (Iraq and Afghanistan). RESEARCH DESIGN Exploratory, cross-sectional, correlational, prospective, cohort-design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The experimental group consisted of 12 US veterans

Objective: To comprehensively characterize blast exposure across the lifespan and relationship to TBI.Participants: Post-deployment veterans and service members (N = 287).Design: Prospective cohort recruitment.Main Measures: Salisbury Blast Interview (SBI).Results: 94.4% of participants reported at least one blast event, 75% reported a pressure gradient during a blast event. Participants reported an

Introduction: Blood-based biomarkers can provide valuable information on the effects of repetitive head impacts in sports. This study investigated if repetitive headers or accidental head impacts in soccer could cause structural brain injury, detected as an increase in serum neurofilament light (NfL) or tau. Methods: NfL and tau were measured in professional soccer players in pre-season. Then, the

In this study we examined the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0 12-item version) in a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) sample.Materials and Methods: Treatment-seeking adults (n = 131) with MTBI recruited from outpatient clinics in Vancouver Canada, were assessed 1- and 3-months following clinic intake. Dimensionality, reliability,

This comprehensive review discusses clinical studies of patients following brain injuries (traumatic, acquired, or stroke), who have been treated with amantadine or memantine. Both amantadine and memantine are commonly used in the acute rehabilitation setting following brain injuries, despite their lack of FDA-approval for neuro-recovery. Given the broad utilization of such agents, there is a need

Aim: The study aims to examine whether characteristics of patients with Acquired Brain Injury-ABI (time elapsed since injury, level of dependence and behavioral problems) and resilience factors of the caregiver predicted caregiver well-being (quality of life, anxiety,depression and positive aspects of caregiving).Methods: 78 voluntary family caregivers (75.6% female) of patients with ABI completed

Objective: To explore the impact of TBI on couple relationships, from the perspective of both injured and uninjured partners in the relationship.Method: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six uninjured women and five of their male partners living with TBI for between four and eight years who had attended a tertiary neurorehabilitation service. The principles of Interpretative

Primary Objective: Limited available therapeutics for ischemic stroke necessitate dire need of designing novel strategies for combating ischemic pathophysiological cascade among which neuroprotective strategies emerge as positive approaches. The neuropeptide prolactin is a pleiotropic hormone that affects various physiological conditions and reportedly combats neurotoxicity, neuronal stress and provides

Primary Objective: Research focused on mild traumatic brain injury in active military and veteran populations details the psychological, neurological and functional outcomes of mTBI, in a primarily male (~95%) cohort. This may misrepresent female symptoms and outcomes. Here we assess for genuine sex differences in symptom presentation and functional outcomes.Research Design: We used matched pairs to

Background: Stroke is a major cause of life-long disability in adults, associated with poor quality of life. Virtual reality (VR)-based therapy systems are known to be helpful in improving motor functions following stroke, but recent clinical findings have not been included in the previous publications of meta-analysis studies.Aims: This meta-analysis was based on the available literature to evaluate

Primary objective: To review the current literature on interventions for dysarthria following traumatic brain injury (TBI) for their effectiveness and methodological quality, and identify future directions for research in developing guidelines for treating dysarthria in this population.Research design: Scoping review.Methods and procedures: Electronic databases were searched up until July 2018 to find

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of agreement and differences regarding the perception of family functioning between patients with acquired brain injury and their partners. Our hypothesis was that patients would report better family functioning than their partners. RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional studyMethods and Procedures: Baseline data were used from 77 patient-partner dyads (87.0% stroke)

Objective: To compare the classification accuracy of S100B to two clinical decision rules- Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR) and New Orleans Criteria (NOC)-for predicting traumatic intracranial injuries (ICI) after mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI).Methods: A secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of mild TBI patients was performed. The diagnostic performance of S100B for predicting

Objective: To determine chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)-related publication characteristics associated with higher Altmetric scores.Methods: A systematic review of the CTE literature was conducted using PubMed. Publications were coded for: journal impact factor (JIF); publication type (primary versus non-primary data collection); discussion of American football; contact sport-CTE association

Objective: Although the long-term consequences of acquired brain injury are frequent and diverse, care and support over the longer term is an under-addressed issue. This study aims to identify the perceived needs of people with acquired brain injury and their partners.Methods: Interviews with four focus groups of people with brain injury (n = 17) and three partner groups (n = 19) were audio- and videotaped

Background: Post-concussive depression describes an elevation of depressive symptoms following concussion that occurs in conjunction with other symptoms of concussion. Children with concussion are more likely to diagnosed with depression. The overlapping symptoms between clinical depression and concussion make the diagnosis of depression difficult. The purpose of this study is to explore how post-concussive

This Letter to the Editor is in response to Stevens and colleagues, who presented a study about pupillometry in patients with traumatic brain injury. They did not find any correlation between pupil diameter and intracranial pressure. We agree with the clinical importance of pupil assessment and we would like to suggest the application of transorbital ultrasound for this evaluation. This approach has

Objective: Childhood brain tumors (BTs) and their treatment often negatively affect development of executive functions. Previous studies have reported executive functions deficits, particularly through questionnaires of daily life. This study aimed to assess executive functioning in everyday life following pediatric BT, in a larger and more histologically diverse sample than previously, and to study

Objective: Undergoing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) increases mortality risk, but it is unclear what drives this finding. This study explored associations with mortality in patients with mTBI.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with mTBI and controls admitted to six level 1 trauma centers in 1/1/2009-12/31/2013. Mortality data were from the CDC National Death Index. Patients with

Aims: The overarching goal of this project was to establish a group comprised of a variety of TBI stakeholders for the purpose of: (1) determining facilitators and barriers in management of neuropsychiatric symptoms after TBI; (2) identifying strategies for maintaining a TBI PCOR network; (3) enumerating research topics related to TBI neuropsychiatry; and (4) highlighting policy changes related to

Primary Objective: Symptoms following concussion commonly include deficits in attentional processing and elevated anxiety. Prioritized allocation of attentional resources to threat-related information is referred to as attentional bias to threat, which is a cardinal symptom - and in some cases a causal factor in the development - of anxiety. Here, we aimed to assess two possibilities regarding the

Objective: Difficulty applying cognitive strategies during task performance is a hallmark feature of brain injury. This study aimed to develop a cognitive strategy profile of people living in a transitional living unit for people with brain injury.Research design: Prospective, longitudinal study (n = 16)Method: Cognitive strategy application was assessed using the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform

Objective: People in Post-Traumatic Confusional State (PTCS) present with communication difficulties that are well described in literature. However, limited study has been conducted on the experiences of their communication partners. The current study aimed to understand the experience of rehabilitation staff of their communication with patients in PTCS prior to communication partner training (CPT)