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Spatio-Temporal Flexibility of Attention Inferred from Drivers’ Steering Movements J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Emanuele Rizzi; Richard J. Jagacinski; Benjamin J. Bloom
Abstract Participants attempted to center a cursor on a video display of a winding roadway with a rate control system. Fourier analysis of their steering movements in response to sinusoidal perturbations of the roadway revealed how much attention they allocated to different roadway preview locations. We compared a full 1.0 s of preview with preview restricted to a narrow slit around 0.3 s or 0.6 s
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Effects of Attentional Strategies on Novice Dart Throwing, Quiet Eye Duration and Pupillary Responses J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Thomas Simpson; Paul Ellison; David Marchant; Evelyn Carnegie
Abstract This study examined the effects of focus of attention (FOA) instructions on learning a dart throwing task, quiet eye duration (QED) and pupillary responses. Thirty-six novices (M age = 33.6, SD = 19.7) learned using either (a) internal-focus (arm movement), (b) external-focus (target/dart) or (c) control instructions before completing retention and transfer tests 10 days later. FOA strategies
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Improvements in Hip Extensor Rate of Torque Development Influence Hip and Knee Extensor Feed-Forward Control J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Kristen M. Stearns-Reider; Rachel K. Straub; Christopher M. Powers
Abstract Females have been reported to utilize a feedforward control strategy during landing in which they compensate for decreased rate of torque development (RTD) of the hip extensors through earlier pre-activation of the knee extensors. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a 4-week hip-focused training program on hip extensor RTD and feedforward control of the hip and knee
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Preferential Reaching and End-State Comfort: How Task Demands Influence Motor Planning J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Danielle Salters; P. Camila Rios; Eliza Ramsay; Sara M. Scharoun Benson
Abstract Various factors (e.g., hand preference, object properties) constrain reach-to-grasp in hemispace. With object use, end-state comfort (ESC) has been shown to supersede the preferential use of one hand at the midline. To assess how location, size, and orientation of objects (dowel, mallet, cup) influence preferred-hand use and ESC (N = 50; Mage = 20.83), three preferential reaching tasks were
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Facing Repeated Stressors in a Motor Task: Does it Enhance or Diminish Resilience? J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 Yannick Hill; Nico W. Van Yperen; Ruud J. R. Den Hartigh
Abstract The aim of the present research is to test whether resilience in a motor task enhances or diminishes when encountering stressors. We conducted a lateral movement task during which we induced stressors and tracked the movement accuracy of each participant over time. Stressors corresponded to organismic constraints (i.e., visual occlusion), task constraints (i.e., movement sensitivity), or both
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Mental practice is associated with learning the relative timing dimension of a task J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Tércio Apolinário-Souza; Barbara de Paula Ferreira; João Roberto Ventura de Oliveira; Nathálya Gardênia de Holanda Marinho Nogueira; Joana Andrade Ramalho Pinto; Guilherme Menezes Lage
Abstract Learning about the relative timing dimension of a motor skill is enhanced by factors that promote higher response stability between trials. Conversely, learning the absolute timing dimension is favored by lower trial-to-trial stability. The mental practice may increase response stability during acquisition since there is a low possibility of adjustments made between trials. Thus, this study
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Dual-Task Effect on Gait in Healthy Adolescents: Association between Health-Related Indicators and DT Performance J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Eda Cinar; Benajmin David Weedon; Patrick Esser; Shawn Joshi; Yan-Ci Liu; Anne Delextrat; Andy Meaney; Johnny Collett; Daniella Nicole Springett; Helen Dawes
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine how dual-task (DT) effect on gait differs among adolescents with different fitness and health profiles. The gait performances of 365 adolescents aged 13–14 years were assessed at single and DT walking. The proportional changes in gait parameters from single to dual were regressed against gender, body mass index (BMIz), three components of MABC-2 (balance
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Spatial orientation in virtual environment compared to real-world J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 S. Pastel; C. H. Chen; D. Bürger; M. Naujoks; L. F. Martin; K. Petri; K. Witte
Abstract Virtual reality (VR) is popular across many disciplines and has been increasingly used in sports as a training tool lately. However, it is not clear whether the spatial orientation of humans works equally within VR and in the real-world. In this paper, two studies are presented, in which natural body movements were allowed and demanded. Firstly, a series of verbal and walking distance estimation
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Experimentally induced low back pain influences brain networks activity J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Rafał Gnat; Maciej Biały; Agata Dziewońska
Abstract Purpose of this study was to answer the question whether the recognized patterns of brain activity are likely to change under the influence of experimentally induced low back pain (LBP), and also to determine the functional networks of the brain engaged in this process. Twenty healthy subjects (8 women) participated. An experimental design was applied with repeated measurements of the blood
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Mechanisms of Modulation of Automatic Scapulothoracic Muscle Contraction Timings J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Samuele Contemori; Roberto Panichi; Andrea Biscarini
Abstract Erected posture provides humans a large shoulder mobility that requires complex automatic muscle synergies to accomplish joint stability needs. This is evident in shoulder abduction, wherein the voluntary activation of glenohumeral muscles is coupled with an automatic recruitment of scapulothoracic muscles. Here, we investigated whether volitional modification of the scapular position, and
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Collective Variables and Task Constraints in Movement Coordination, Control and Skill J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Karl M. Newell; Yeou-Teh Liu
Abstract In this paper we review studies that have identified collective variables (order parameters) in movement coordination, control and skill with emphasis on whole-body multiple joint degree of freedom (DF) tasks. Collective variables of a dynamical system have been proposed formally and informally from a diverse set of perceptual-motor tasks, from which we emphasize: bimanual coordination, locomotion
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Providing Choice Enhances Motor Performance under Psychological Pressure J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Takehiro Iwatsuki; Mark P. Otten
Abstract The purpose of this present study was to examine whether providing choice would enhance motor performance under psychological pressure. Participants were asked to throw soft-golf balls toward a circular target. The practice phase consisted of 30 trials using three colored balls (i.e., blue, red, yellow) from 5.5 meters. Participants then performed 10 throws from 2 different distances: 5.5
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The Varying Effects of Dual Tasks on the Performance of Motor Skills across Practice J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Mengkai Luan; Arash Mirifar; Jürgen Beckmann; Felix Ehrlenspiel
Abstract Numerous previous studies using the dual-task methodology have indicated that the effect of attentional direction on the performance of motor skill differs as a function of skill levels. Whereas previous studies relied mostly on inter-individual comparisons, this study focused on how the effects of different attentional conditions change within individuals with practice. Participants were
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Effect of Self-Controlled Practice on Neuro-Cortical Dynamics During the Processing of Visual Performance Feedback. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Kyle J Jaquess,Yingzhi Lu,Andrew Ginsberg,Steven Kahl,Calvin Lu,Bradley Ritland,Rodolphe J Gentili,Bradley D Hatfield
Evidence has accumulated that learners participating in self-controlled practice can both acquire skills and process task-relevant information more effectively than those participating in externally controlled practice. However, the impact of self-controlled practice on neuro-cognitive information processing during visual performance-related feedback has received limited investigation. We expected
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Does Hand-Dominance Matter in Non-Standard Visuomotor Transformations? J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Briasha D Jones,Arend W A Van Gemmert,Marc Dalecki
Previous nonstandard visuomotor transformation studies using variations of eye-hand coupling and decoupling tasks focused on dominant hand use. The present study expanded this work by including the non-dominant hand. Twenty-four right-hand dominant adults (M = 21 yrs.; 12 females) slid their index finger along a vertical or horizontal touchscreen to move a cursor that was always displayed in the vertical
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A Motor Learning Approach to Reducing Fall-Related Injuries. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Katherine L Hsieh,Jacob J Sosnoff
Falls are the leading cause of injury related death in older adults. In this piece, a motor learning lens is applied to falls, and falls are viewed as three interdependent phases: 1) destabilization, 2) descent, and 3) impact. This review examines how movements can be performed in the descent and impact phases to potentially reduce fall-related injuries. The evidence that movements performed during
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Finger Force Matching and Verbal Reports: Testing Predictions of the Iso-Perceptual Manifold Concept. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Cristian Cuadra,Rick Gilmore,Mark L Latash
We used force matching and verbal reports of finger force to explore a prediction of the iso-perceptual manifold concept, which assumes that stable percepts are associated with a manifold in the afferent-efferent space. Young subjects produced various force magnitudes with the index finger, middle finger, or both fingers together. Further, they reported the force level using a verbal scale and by matching
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Effects of Shank Vibration on Lean After-Effect. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 David R Young,Charles S Layne
Postural adaptability is related to central sensory integration and reweighting efficiency. Incline-interventions lead to lean after-effect (LAE), but it is not fully known how sensory reweighting may affect the magnitude and duration of LAE. We tasked fifteen young and healthy subjects with performing incline-interventions under conditions designed to perturb proprioception during or after the incline-intervention
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Interpersonal Synchronization Processes in Discrete and Continuous Tasks. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 Samar Ezzina,Maxime Scotti,Clément Roume,Simon Pla,Hubert Blain,Didier Delignières
Three frameworks have been proposed to account for interpersonal synchronization: The information processing approach argues that synchronization is achieved by mutual adaptation, the coordination dynamics perspective supposes a continuous coupling between systems, and complexity matching suggests a global, multi-scale interaction. We hypothesized that the relevancy of these models was related to the
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Eye-Head-Trunk Coordination While Walking and Turning in a Simulated Grocery Shopping Task. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 Kyungwan Kim,Madeleine Fricke,Otmar Bock
Previous studies argued that body turns are executed in an ordered sequence: the eyes turn first, followed by the head and then by the trunk. The purpose of this study was to find out whether this sequence holds even if body turns are not explicitly instructed, but nevertheless are necessary to reach an instructed distal goal. We asked participants to shop for grocery products in a simulated supermarket
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Do Tangential Finger Forces Utilize Mechanical Advantage During Moment of Force production? J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 Junkyung Song,Kitae Kim,Jaebum Park
This study investigated the beneficial effects of the utilization of mechanical advantage (MA) of finger tangential forces during the moment production. Subjects produced the resistive moment of force against the external torque while the moment arms of the tangential forces were systematically changed. We observed a relatively large contribution to the net moment by the tangential forces with the
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The Influence of Countermovements on Inter-Segmental Coordination and Mechanical Energy Transfer during Vertical Jumping. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 Devon H Frayne,John L Zettel,Tyson A C Beach,Stephen H M Brown
Inter-segmental coordination patterns and mechanical energy transfer were compared between vertical jumping tasks which possess different countermovement characteristics. Thirteen participants completed squat (SJ), countermovement (CMJ) and drop (DVJ) vertical jumps. Inter-segmental coordination patterns became more out-of-phase with increases in countermovement velocity (DVJ > CMJ > SJ), at the ankle
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The Modified Strain Index: A Composite Measure of Injury Risk for Signers J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Gretchen Roman; Daniel S. Peterson; Edward Ofori; Meghan E. Vidt
Up to 81% of individuals who are fluent in sign language (signers) report pain. Non-native signers (with non-signing, non-deaf parents) report greater pain than natives (≥1 signing, deaf parent). The goal of this study was to develop a composite measure of injury risk (the modified Strain Index for signers) based on previously identified biomechanics unique to signers and examine scores across sub-groups
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The Modified Strain Index: A Composite Measure of Injury Risk for Signers. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Gretchen Roman,Daniel S Peterson,Edward Ofori,Meghan E Vidt
Up to 81% of individuals who are fluent in sign language (signers) report pain. Non-native signers (with non-signing, non-deaf parents) report greater pain than natives (≥1 signing, deaf parent). The goal of this study was to develop a composite measure of injury risk (the modified Strain Index for signers) based on previously identified biomechanics unique to signers and examine scores across sub-groups
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Reading the Future from Body Movements -Anticipation in Handball. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 Dijana Cocić,Nemanja Vaci,Robert Prieger,Merim Bilalić
In speed-based sports that require fast reactions, the most accurate predictions are made once the players have seen the ball trajectory. However, waiting for the ball trajectory does not leave enough time for appropriate reactions. Expert athletes use kinematic information which they extract from the opponent’s movements to anticipate the ball trajectory. Temporal occlusion, where only a part of the
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Task Demand Changes Motor Control Strategies in Vertical Jumping. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-08-02 Emily J Cushion,John Warmenhoven,Jamie S North,Daniel J Cleather
The purpose of this study was to examine the motor control strategies employed to control the degrees of freedom when performing a lower limb task with constraints applied at the hip, knee, and ankle. Thirty-five individuals performed vertical jumping tasks: hip flexed, no knee bend, and plantar flexed. Joint moment data from the hip, knee, and ankle were analyzed using principal component analysis
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Algorithm-Based Practice Schedule and Task Similarity Enhance Motor Learning in Older Adults. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 Meysam Beik,Hamidreza Taheri,Alireza Saberi Kakhki,Majid Ghoshuni
According to the challenge point framework, task difficulty has to be appropriate to learner skill level. The pure blocked or random practice controls the task difficulty during practice monotonically. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of algorithm-based practice schedule and task similarity on motor learning in older adults. For this purpose, 60 older adults were randomly
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Electroencephalographic Investigation of the Effect of Skill Level and Social Inhibition on Simulated Handgun Shooting. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 John Shelley-Tremblay,Pamela R Jones,Claire E Demming,Elise Labbe-Coldsmith
We examined effects of Social Inhibition (SI), and Skill Level (SL) on simulated handgun shooting performance. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was also recorded in order to measure task-related changes in cortical activity. Participants consisted of Novice (NSL) and Experienced (ESL) shooters who were randomly assigned to shoot while in the presence of an audience (Hi SI) or alone (Low SI). The results
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Intermittent Vision and Goal-Directed Movement: A Review. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Digby Elliott,Simon J Bennett
It is well known that vision makes an important contribution to the control of goal-directed movements. However, task performance can be maintained when vision is interrupted, such as when a goalkeeper faces a free kick in soccer and the ball moves behind teammates and opposing players. To maintain behavior, it is necessary to process the visual information available from intermittent samples. In this
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Differential Effects of Concurrent Tasks on Gait in Typically Developing Children: A Meta-Analysis. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 Eda Cinar,Shikha Saxena,Isabelle Gagnon
The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the literature surrounding dual-task (DT) effects on gait in typically developing children (TDC) and to conduct meta-analyses where applicable. After reviewing the abstracts of 676 articles, a total of 22 studies were included. The outcomes of interest were relative change in gait speed, cadence, stride length, double support time, variability
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TDCS of the Primary Motor Cortex: Learning the Absolute Dimension of a Complex Motor Task. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Juliana Otoni Parma,Vitor Leandro da Silva Profeta,André Gustavo Pereira de Andrade,Guilherme Menezes Lage,Tércio Apolinário-Souza
The primary motor cortex (M1) is one of the main cortical areas involved in motor learning. However, little is known about its differential role in the learning of the relative and absolute dimensions of motor skills. We investigated the role of M1 in the learning of the dimensions of a complex motor skill. Forty-eight participants practiced golf putting and were stimulated for 20 minutes with real
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Differences in executive function of the attention network between athletes from interceptive and strategic sports. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Miao Yu,Yibing Liu
The differences in the executive attention network and the related blood oxygen characteristics of the right frontal-parietal network brain area between athletes from interceptive and strategic sport were investigated. Strategic athletes had higher accuracy and longer reaction time (RT) compared with interceptive sports athletes, lower flanker conflict effects on accuracy compared to the other two
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Ipsilateral vs Contralateral Presentation of Familiarization Trials in a Lower-Limb Proprioception Test. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Nan Yang,Roger Adams,Gordon Waddington,Jia Han
We examined the effect of pretest familiarization with ipsilateral or contralateral limbs on the performance in a proprioception test conducted afterwards. Sixty adults were randomly assigned to six different familiarization-session patterns. Ankle proprioception was tested using active movement extent discrimination assessment. The results reflected a beneficial effect of familiarization session on
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Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Primes Feedback Control During a Novel Single Leg Task. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 Michael Petrie,Kristin Johnson,Patrick McCue,Richard K Shields
FMRI studies support that neuromuscular electrical stimulation can modulate the excitability of the somatosensory cortex. We studied whether practice and electrical stimulation of the quadriceps would enhance learning during a weight-bearing task. 20 healthy individuals (10 male) and 8 control subjects participated in a 2-day study. Day 1 consisted of a pretest, a training session, and a post-test;
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Brain Structural-Behavioral Correlates Underlying Grooved Pegboard Test Performance Across Lifespan. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 Zai-Fu Yao,Meng-Heng Yang,Shulan Hsieh
This study aims to provide the first brain structural-behavioral correlates underlying age differences in Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) performance after adjusting for gender, education, quality of life, mental health, and anthropometric variables. We report the data of 210 right-handed participants (20- to 80-year old), who underwent behavioral assessments including GPT, Trail Making Test, and stop-signal
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Effect of Self-Controlled and Regulated Feedback on Motor Skill Performance and Learning: A Meta-Analytic Study. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-05 Judith Jimenez-Diaz,Karla Chaves-Castro,Maria Morera-Castro
The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to assess the effectiveness of self-controlled (SC) and regulated (R) feedback on motor skill performance (MSP). Random effects model using the standardized mean difference effect size (ES) was used to pool results. A total of 86 ES, retrieved from 18 studies, were calculated and separated into three types of feedback: SC, R, and yoked
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Chewing Entrains Cyclical Actions but Interferes With Discrete Actions in Children J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 Jessica Prebor; Brittany Samulski; Cortney Armitano-Lago; Steven Morrison
Functional chewing patterns are achieved early in life prior to other motor skills like walking. Chewing seems to improve specific aspects of attention; however, there is limited research on chewing in dual motor tasks. This study examined relationships between chewing and secondary motor tasks in children. Sixteen typically developing children (13.1 ± 2.3 years) participated in finger tapping, simple
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Chewing Entrains Cyclical Actions but Interferes With Discrete Actions in Children. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 Jessica Prebor,Brittany Samulski,Cortney Armitano-Lago,Steven Morrison
Functional chewing patterns are achieved early in life prior to other motor skills like walking. Chewing seems to improve specific aspects of attention; however, there is limited research on chewing in dual motor tasks. This study examined relationships between chewing and secondary motor tasks in children. Sixteen typically developing children (13.1 ± 2.3 years) participated in finger tapping, simple
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Virtual Reality Immersion in Healthy Individuals: Ellipse Sway Area of an Electrical Shuttle Balance J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Tarcísio Silva Coelho; Eduardo de Moura Neto; Rodrigo Bazan; Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza; Gustavo José Luvizutto
To assess indirectly the effects of virtual reality (VR) immersion on postural sway in thirteen healthy individuals. The ellipse sway area was recorded with an accelerometer coupled to an electrical shuttle balance under six conditions, varying Romberg and single leg stance (SLS) position with eyes open and eyes closed. The length of the ellipse traveled over 10 s was measured and Romberg and single
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Virtual Reality Immersion in Healthy Individuals: Ellipse Sway Area of an Electrical Shuttle Balance. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Tarcísio Silva Coelho,Eduardo de Moura Neto,Rodrigo Bazan,Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza,Gustavo José Luvizutto
To assess indirectly the effects of virtual reality (VR) immersion on postural sway in thirteen healthy individuals. The ellipse sway area was recorded with an accelerometer coupled to an electrical shuttle balance under six conditions, varying Romberg and single leg stance (SLS) position with eyes open and eyes closed. The length of the ellipse traveled over 10 s was measured and Romberg and single
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Effects of Quiet Mind Training on Alpha Power Suppression and Fine Motor Skill Acquisition. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Ebrahim Norouzi,Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini,Mohammad Vaezmosavi,Markus Gerber,Uwe Pühse,Serge Brand
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Quiet Mind Training (QMT) on Alpha power suppression and fine motor skill acquisition among novice dart players. 30 novice dart players were randomly assigned either to a QMT or a control condition. Playing skills and Alpha power suppression were assessed at four time-points: at baseline, retention test 1, under pressure conditions, at retention
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Lower Extremity Open Skill Training Effects on Perception of Visual Stimuli, Cognitive Processing, and Performance. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Tobias Engeroff,Florian Giesche,David Friebe,Jan Wilke,Lutz Vogt,Winfried Banzer,Daniel Niederer
This study investigates if lower extremity open-skill training impacts perception and cognitive processing abilities or just influences task related motor abilities. Twenty-two participants (24.7 ± 2.4years; 11 males, 11 females) were randomly allocated either into the group that trained on a computerized device or to the control group. Prior to and following the 4-week study period, motor performance
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Effect of Tapping Bout Duration During Freely Chosen and Passive Finger Tapping on Rate Enhancement. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Anders Emanuelsen,Michael Voigt,Pascal Madeleine,Ernst Albin Hansen
Abstract The present study investigated whether the duration of the first tapping bout, which could also be considered ‘the priming’, would play a role for the occurrence of the behavioral phenomenon termed repeated bout rate enhancement. Eighty-eight healthy individuals were recruited. Sixty-three of these demonstrated repeated bout rate enhancement and they were assigned to two different groups,
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Affective, Social, and Informative Gestures Reproduction in Human Interaction: Hyperscanning and Brain Connectivity. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Michela Balconi,Giulia Fronda,Angela Bartolo
Gestural communication characterizes daily individuals’ interactions in order to share information and to modify others’ behavior. Social neuroscience has investigated the neural bases which support recognizing of different gestures. The present research, through the use of the hyperscanning approach, that allows the simultaneously recording of the activity of two or more individuals involved in a
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Probing the Effect of Block Duration on Corticospinal Excitability during Motor Imagery Performance. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 JungWoo Lee,Sarah N Kraeutner,Devan R Pancura,Shaun G Boe
Considerable evidence exists related to the behavioral outcomes of motor imagery-based training (MI). Comparatively, there is a relative gap in the literature on how corticospinal excitability, a precursor for experience-dependent plasticity, changes over the course of an MI session, and more specifically if there is an effect of varying the duration of the blocks in which MI is performed. As such
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Probing the Effect of Block Duration on Corticospinal Excitability during Motor Imagery Performance J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 JungWoo Lee; Sarah N. Kraeutner; Devan R. Pancura; Shaun G. Boe
Considerable evidence exists related to the behavioral outcomes of motor imagery-based training (MI). Comparatively, there is a relative gap in the literature on how corticospinal excitability, a precursor for experience-dependent plasticity, changes over the course of an MI session, and more specifically if there is an effect of varying the duration of the blocks in which MI is performed. As such
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Effects of Visual Feedback Complexity on the Performance of a Movement Task for Rehabilitation. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Sean Sanford,Mingxiao Liu,Thomas Selvaggi,Raviraj Nataraj
This study investigated the effects of visual feedback (VF) complexity on movement performance to potentially optimize the design of VF-based rehabilitation. We evaluated the effects of VF complexity on performance of the two-legged squat during training with concurrent (real-time) VF and short-term retention with no VF. Four VF cases were employed to train spatial positioning of the thigh segment
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Knowledge of Results do not Affect Self-Efficacy and Skill Acquisition on an Anticipatory Timing Task. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Ricardo Drews,Matheus Maia Pacheco,Flavio Henrique Bastos,Go Tani
The literature provides that self-efficacy increases if individuals receive more information of their success during practice with a consequent increase in learning outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the effects of different knowledge of results (KR) frequencies on self-efficacy and motor learning. Two groups with different KR frequencies performed an anticipatory timing task on two
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Control of a Whole-Body Task with Uncertain Initial Conditions: Application to the Upstart On Bars. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Michael J Hiley,Maurice R Yeadon
The aim was to determine whether operating a feedforward schema for generating movement pattern parameters was more successful than an open loop strategy for coping with uncertain initial conditions. A computer simulation model was used to determine the optimal solutions that maximised the likelihood of performing a successful upstart. Feedforward schema were established between movement pattern parameters
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Effects of Mental Effort on Premotor Muscle Activity and Maximal Grip Force. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 Yosra Saidane,Ross Parry,Chama Belkhiria,Sofia Ben Jebara,Tarak Driss,Giovanni de Marco
The present study sought to evaluate how mental effort modulates premotor activity within forearm muscles in the context of an isometric grasping task. Muscle activity of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) was recorded during the application of maximum grip forces in nineteen healthy adult subjects. Each subject was examined under two experimental conditions:
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Effects of Mental Effort on Premotor Muscle Activity and Maximal Grip Force J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 Yosra Saidane; Ross Parry; Chama Belkhiria; Sofia Ben Jebara; Tarak Driss; Giovanni de Marco
The present study sought to evaluate how mental effort modulates premotor activity within forearm muscles in the context of an isometric grasping task. Muscle activity of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) was recorded during the application of maximum grip forces in nineteen healthy adult subjects. Each subject was examined under two experimental conditions:
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Interlimb Responses to Perturbations of Bilateral Movements are Asymmetric. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Jacob E Schaffer,Robert L Sainburg
Previous research has revealed rapid feedback mediated responses in one arm to mechanical perturbations applied to the other arm during shared bimanual tasks. We now ask whether these interlimb responses are expressed symmetrically. We tested this question in a virtual reality environment: a cursor representing each hand was used to 'pick up' each end of a virtual bar and place it into a target trough
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Joint-Position Sense Accuracy Is Equally Affected by Vision among Children with and without Cerebral Palsy. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 Flávia de Andrade E Souza Mazuchi,Luis Mochizuki,Joseph Hamill,Patricia Martins Franciulli,Aline Bigongiari,Isabella Tábata de Almeida Martins,Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha
We compared the effect of visual information on the dominant upper limb position sense of children with diplegic cerebral palsy (n = 10) and normally developing children (n = 10). An isokinetic dynamometer passively moved the dominant forearm in 120° of elbow flexion/extension until the volunteers stopped the machine to indicate that the elbow joint was positioned in the predetermined target angle
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Reducing Proactive Interference in Motor Tasks. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2019-07-05 Laura Sperl,Rouwen Cañal-Bruland
Changing automatized movement patterns often leads to initial performance decrements caused by proactive interference. In this study, we scrutinized whether proactive interference could be reduced by inhibiting the to-be-changed movement pattern by means of a physical movement constraint and verbal inhibition instructions, and whether any of the two interventions may be superior. Skilled typists typed
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The Cognitive Demands of Gait Retraining in Runners: An EEG Study. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2019-07-22 Tyler Whittier,Richard W Willy,Gustavo Sandri Heidner,Samantha Niland,Caitlin Melton,J C Mizelle,Nicholas P Murray
High impact forces during running have been associated with tibial stress injuries. Previous research has demonstrated increasing step rate will decrease impact forces during running. However, no research has determined the cognitive demand of gait retraining. The primary purpose was to determine the cognitive demand and effectiveness of field-based gait retraining. We hypothesized that in-field gait
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The Role of Visual Feedback about Motion of the Ground on Postural Sway. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2019-06-17 Ruixuan Li,Hannah J Walter,Thomas A Stoffregen
We asked whether body sway would be influenced by visual information about motion of the ground surface. On a ship at sea, standing participants performed a demanding visual search task or a simple visual inspection task. Display content was stationary relative to the ship or relative to the Earth. Participants faced the ship's bow or its port side. Performance on the visual search task was representative
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Effect of Force Sense to Active Joint Position Sense and Relationships between Active Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, Jumping and Muscle Strength. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2019-06-17 Haydar Kaynak,Muammer Altun,Serdar Tok
We aimed to investigate the effect of external load on the joint position sense (JPS) accuracy and its relation to the target jump height. The present study also aimed to explore the relationship between force sense (FS) and maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Participants' MVIC levels were determined during the 45-degree knee extension task. Then, participants were asked to execute a knee
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Combining Action Observation and Motor Imagery Improves Eye-Hand Coordination during Novel Visuomotor Task Performance. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2019-06-11 Ben Marshall,David J Wright,Paul S Holmes,Greg Wood
In this study, we compared the effectiveness of concurrent action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI), observing with the intent to imitate (active observation; AO), and passive observation (PO) training interventions for improving eye-hand coordination. Fifty participants were assigned to five groups [AO + MI, AO, PO, physical practice (PP); control] and performed a visuomotor rotation task, whilst
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The Effect of Load Uncertainty on Neuromotor Control in Catching: Gender Differences and Short Foreperiods. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2019-06-14 William P Berg,Michael R Hughes
To reveal how the CNS copes with load uncertainty in catching, electromyography (EMG) was recorded in 15 females and 14 males while catching visually identical balls of known and unknown weights under varied (1-10 s) and constant (1 s) foreperiods (warning time). EMG integrals, which represented total muscle activity, were computed for three time intervals prior to the catch (anticipatory), and one
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A Novel Approach to Enhancing Upper Extremity Coordination in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J. Mot. Behav. (IF 1.279) Pub Date : 2019-06-23 Alejandra S Gamez Corral,Rhonda Manning,Chaoyi Wang,Ana Cisneros,Harry J Meeuwsen,Jason B Boyle
Recent studies examining children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have revealed kinematic markers highlighting deficits in the preparatory and online phases of upper extremity movements. In the following study, 12 children with high functioning ASD were first assessed (pre-test) on 15 trials of a reciprocal upper extremity Fitts Law target task by flexing and extending their right arm
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