Cognitive training (CT) shows modest positive effects on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Gamification may enhance adherence to traditional CT, but this has not been studied yet. Here, we investigated the feasibility of a gamified CT. We performed a randomized controlled trial including PD patients with mild cognitive impairment. Participants were randomly allocated to

Introduction: This article provides for the first time an overview of the most often nominated European neurologists for the Nobel Prize, who never received the award. It sheds light on candidates from France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the UK during the first half of the 20th century. The aim is to highlight the candidates in the field of neurology, to discuss key arguments in the nomination letters

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are intracranial vascular malformations that can exist as a single lesion or mixed vascular lesions. The most common mixed form is the coexistence of CCM with an associated developmental venous anomaly (DVA). In this paper, we aim to give a comprehensive review of CCM, DVA, and their coexistence as mixed lesions. A PubMed search using the keywords

Introduction: Headache attacks may be triggered by several factors, among them odors, especially in migraine patients. Objectives: The aim of this study wasto determine the association between gasoline odor and headache attacks in patients with migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). Subjects and Methods: The study was prospective, cross-sectional, with comparison of groups, using nonrandom sample

Background: Only a few studies have been done focusing on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as their family members. The aim of our research was to determine the factors that influence the QoL of MS patients in advanced stage of disease and their caregivers. Methods: The sample of the cross-sectional study included 153 patients with MS and 74 caregivers. QoL

The word epilepsy is derived from the Greek word epilambanein, meaning “to seize.” This term came to embody the disease as early descriptions characterized seizures as events in which the faculties of the mind and body were “seized” from the individual. This notion of seizing the mind and body’s faculties has in essence remained a constant throughout the evolution of epilepsy. The theories elucidating

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize clinical features, etiologies, and mechanisms of strokes due to bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle infarction (BMCPI). Methods: Cases diagnosed as BMCPI in our hospital were retrieved, and a literature review was performed. Data on clinical features and brain MRI were obtained. Extracranial and intracranial segments of the vertebrobasilar artery

Background: Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible isolated splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare and complex clinico-radiological condition that aggregates various diseases. From a geographical point of view, most cases have been reported in Asia, especially in Japan. However, a very limited number of studies have properly evaluated Chinese patients diagnosed with MERS. Methods: Putative e

Peri-infarct depolarization (PID), one kind of spreading depolarization, contributes to infarct volume enlargement after ischemic stroke. Astrocytes participate in PIDs by various mechanisms. The roles of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (Vim), intermediate filament proteins in astrocytes, however, in PIDs induction and propagation remain unknown. Middle cerebral artery occlusion

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) conversion after optic neuritis (ON) and to identify the predictive factors on conversion in Turkish patients. Methods: Patients whose first clinical attacks had been ON were included in the study. The primary end point was the diagnosis of clinical relapse-remitting MS. Result: Except for the bilateral involvement

In no country has the duel prevailed to such a great extent as in France where the matter of dueling and affairs of honor were of frequent occurrence until the 20th century. The term duel has since been established for any contest between 2 persons or parties, be they sporting, intellectual, political, or in other matters. Despite their worldwide recognition and great scientific production, Pierre

Neurodegenerative disease is a kind of chronic, progressive nervous system disease characterized by neuron degeneration or apoptosis. Current treatments cannot prevent the development of the disease. Possible alternative treatments include cell therapy, especially with the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are pluripotent stem cells with capacities for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation

Eur Neurol

Eur Neurol

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a disease that causes leukoencephalopathy (dementia) and peripheral neuropathy (variable manifestation including bladder dysfunction). This is the first urodynamic report to show that bladder dysfunction in NIID is a combination of detrusor overactivity, decreased bladder sensation, large post-void residual, and neurogenic changes in the sphincter electromyogram

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is frequent in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and can impact on activities of daily living. The capacity to differentiate real changes from background statistical noise induced by human, instrumentational, and environmental variations inherent to the evaluation would improve cognitive assessments. Objective: To assess the short-term reproducibility of cognitive

Introduction: RBM5 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in lung and breast cancers; however, its role in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma (MB) remains unclear. We previously identified 4 RBM5 mutations in whole exome sequencing analysis of 40 MB patients. This study examined the role of RBM5 in MB progression. Methods: The expression patterns of RBM5 in tissues of 40 MB patients were analyzed using

Introduction: Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammation of the optic nerve that can be associated with a multitude of different systemic conditions and primary CNS disorders. In children, only around 25% of unilateral ON cases are considered idiopathic. Despite being considered a clinical diagnosis per se, neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnostic pathway for these patients. Methods: Demographic

Background: The link between arterial stiffness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is receiving increasing attention, and the goal of this study was to explore the relationship among the ankle brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (Ba-PWV), and MCI in patients with acute lacunar infarction (ALI). Methods: A total of 103 hospitalized patients with ALI were divided into a non-MCI

Mutations in the PNPLA2 gene cause neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) or triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy. We report a detailed case study of a 53-year-old man with NLSDM. The PNPLA2 gene was analyzed according to the reported method. We summarized the clinical, laboratory, and genetic information of 56 patients, including our patient and 55 other reported patients with homozygous

Background: Pathophysiology mechanism of primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFHH) is controversial. Heart rate variability (HRV) could explain if there is a systemic component present. We aimed to investigate the functions of the autonomic nervous system in patients diagnosed with PFHH compared to controls using the analysis of HRV in the domains of time, frequency, and nonlinearity, as well as analysis

Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893), thanks to his insight as a clinician can be said to be one of the precursors of scientific psychology. Charcot’s 30 years of activity at La Salpêtrière hospital display an intellectual trajectory that decisively changed the idea of human psychology by favouring the emergence of two concepts: the subconscious and the unconscious. It was his collaboration with Pierre

The painting, St. Francis and the Dying Impenitent (1788) by the Spanish Baroque painter, Francisco Goya, is discussed by the author within the context of epilepsy and biographical events in the lives of both the saint and the painter. Eur Neurol

Eur Neurol

Background: Cerebral infarction caused by pituitary apoplexy (PA) is rare. To characterize the clinical features of cerebral infarction caused by PA, we performed a systematic review. Summary: The clinical symptoms are mainly sudden headache, hemiplegia, visual impairment, disturbance of consciousness, and ophthalmalgia in patients with cerebral infarction caused by PA. Treatment for this type of infarction

Eur Neurol

Introduction: The conversion rate from ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) to generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) was reported to be much lower in Asian population since most OMG patients are juvenile onset. However, the exact conversion rate for adult-onset OMG to GMG is still unknown. Objective: We aimed to delineate the conversion rate and risk factors for adult patients with ocular onset to GMG. Methods:

Eur Neurol

Objective: The benefits of carpal tunnel decompressive surgery (CTDS) among diabetic patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were previously investigated through comparing the outcome before and after CTDS, and in comparison to nondiabetic CTS. We sought to investigate if diabetes mitigates the benefits of CTDS compared to not receiving CTDS. Methods: In this retrospective study, we compared the

Background: Wake-up stroke (WUS) accounts for up to 25% of all new ischemic strokes, but debate exists regarding whether WUS differs from non-WUS in previous studies. Our study aimed to investigate the proportion of WUS cases and to examine differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in these two groups. Methods: Data from acute ischemic stroke patients who presented to the First Affiliated

Eur Neurol

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes most severe motor and sensory dysfunctions. In Chinese traditional medicine, the agonist of a purinergic receptor is believed to have a positive effect on SCIs, and 2-Methylthio-adenosine-5′-diphosphate (2-MesADP) is a selective agonist of the P2Y purinergic receptor. Methods: To investigate its therapeutic function and molecular mechanism in SCI, transcriptome

Background: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with urokinase is the standard reperfusion therapy for acute cerebral infarction (ACI) in China. Only about 30% patients who use urokinase for IVT can recanalize. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influencing factors of recanalization after IVT using urokinase in ACI patients. Methods: A total of 391 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ACI from

Eur Neurol

Introduction: The psychological contribution to functional neurological and somatic symptom disorders is a major topic in current medical debate. Objective: For an understanding of the processes leading to functional somatic symptoms, it is paramount to explore their relationship with stress and life events and to elucidate the contribution of cultural factors. Methods: A total of 937 case records

Introduction: Smaller muscle size and higher adipose tissue ratio of the quadriceps femoris are often observed after stroke. However, it is unclear whether muscle size and the intramuscular fat ratio of the quadriceps measured with ultrasonography (US) reflect gait independence in individuals with mild or severe hemiparetic stroke. Objective: The present study was performed to examine the relationships

Background: Sex differences may determine presentation, utility of treatment, rehabilitation, and occurrences of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in acute stroke (AS). Objective:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the short-term prognosis and long-term outcomes in MACEs in Qatari nationals admitted with AS. Methods: All AS patients admitted between January 2014 and February 2019 were

Eur Neurol

Few authors in the Western literature have acquired such a monumental reputation as Thomas Mann and Fyodor Dostoyevsky; although with different backgrounds and aesthetic peculiarities, their writings converge thematically in their frequent relationship with disease. From Dostoyevsky’s struggle with epilepsy to Mann’s descriptions of tuberculosis and cholera, many are the examples found in their body

BACKGROUND Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) has been shown to be an effective method for improving upper-extremity function. However, owing to ambiguity within the evidence of HABIT's effects on hand function among children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP), this meta-analysis sought to elucidate whether the same was true in this patient population. SUMMARY A computerized database

BACKGROUND Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is an extremely rare fatal and infectious neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, cerebellar ataxia, and visual disturbances. This article summarizes the retrospective analysis of 104 sCJD patients in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2003 to 2019. METHODS A retrospective analysis

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, was originally described in members of the families of Machado, Thomas, and Joseph from São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal, in 1972. The purpose of this article is to present previous descriptions of hereditary ataxia resembling the heterogeneous phenotypic intra-familiar presentation of MJD. We suggest that the condition would best be

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify the top 100 cited articles dedicated to sleep medicine published in journals that have made key contributions to the field. METHODS We performed a search of journals and selected 100 top-cited articles by utilizing the Institute for Scientific Information database available under the banner of the Web of Science. Next, we manually reviewed the contents

BACKGROUND The occurrence of ischemic stroke in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is not well understood. This study aimed to determine independent risk factors to identity ischemic stroke in non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated ischemic stroke (NHLAIS) patients. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on NHLAIS patients and age- and gender-matched NHL patients. We collected clinical data

Movies could provide unexpected information on the state of medical knowledge in different historical periods. The first centenary of the German silent horror movie Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari) by Robert Wiene (1873-1938) could be a timely occasion to reflect on the scientific debate of hypnosis and its legal implications between the 19th and the 20th century. In particular

We report the case of a 52-year-old Japanese man who, while he had no cerebellar ataxia or parkinsonism, was revealed to have silent cerebellar hypoperfusion/mild cerebellar atrophy and sacral autonomic disorder. His sacral autonomic disorder was urinary retention without marked prostate hyperplasia. Urodynamics-sphincter electromyography revealed detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contraction and

INTRODUCTION Seizures as acute stroke mimics are a diagnostic challenge. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to characterize the perfusion patterns on perfusion computed tomography (PCT) in patients with seizures masquerading as acute stroke. METHODS We conducted a study on patients with acute seizures as stroke mimics. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients (1) initially presenting with

OBJECTIVE The aim of the work was to study the origin of the idea that herpes labialis (HL) in patients with pneumonia and meningitis was believed to be of prognostic importance. BACKGROUND HL is caused by a primary infection or reactivation of herpes simplex type I. In the past, it has been related to pneumonia and meningitis; moreover, HL was believed to be of prognostic importance. METHODS A selection

BACKGROUND Facial pain, alone or combined with other symptoms, is a frequent complaint. Moreover, it is a symptom situated at, more than any other pain condition, a crosspoint where several disciplines meet, for example, dentists; manual therapists; ophthalmologists; psychologists; and ear-nose-throat, pain, and internal medicine physicians besides neurologists and neurosurgeons. Recently, a new version

INTRODUCTION Since independent gait is an important factor for home discharge, early prediction of independent gait after stroke is essential. The revised version of the Ability for Basic Movement Scale II (ABMS II) has been developed and validated for assessment of basic movements poststroke. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the ABMS II score for independent

BACKGROUND There is a lack of head-to-head studies comparing the efficacy of fingolimod (FIN) and natalizumab (NTZ) as second-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS Multicenter, observational study, in which, information of 388 patients randomly selected and treated with FIN or NTZ in routine clinical practice was retrospectively collected with the main objective of

BACKGROUND Nonlife-threatening headaches account for 3% of emergency department (ED) admissions, with social and economic negative consequences. We aim to investigate clinical features and risk factors of nonlife-threatening headache patients referring to ED versus those referring to headache outpatient clinics. METHODS During 6 months, we promptly reevaluated in our headache unit (HU) patients discharged