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Treatment of functional neurological disorder: current state, future directions, and a research agenda CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Kathrin LaFaver; William Curt LaFrance; Michele E. Price; Phyllis B. Rosen; Mark Rapaport
Functional neurological disorder (FND) encompasses a complex and heterogeneous group of neuropsychiatric syndromes commonly encountered in clinical practice. Patients with FND may present with a myriad of neurological symptoms and frequently have comorbid medical, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Over the past decade, important advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of
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The frequency and framing of cognitive lapses in healthy adults CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Laura McWhirter; Lachlan King; Eilidh McClure; Craig Ritchie; Jon Stone; Alan Carson
Objective Many people present to health services with concern about cognitive symptoms. In a significant proportion those symptoms are not the result of pathologically defined brain disease. In some they are part of a functional cognitive disorder (FCD). We assessed the frequency of cognitive lapses in a non-clinical sample in order to consider the utility of frequency of cognitive lapses in diagnosing
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Stigma and functional neurological disorder: a research agenda targeting the clinical encounter CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Katherine E. MacDuffie; Lindsey Grubbs; Tammyjo Best; Suzette LaRoche; Bridget Mildon; Lorna Myers; Elizabeth Stafford; Karen S. Rommelfanger
Stigma against patients with functional neurological disorder (FND) presents obstacles to diagnosis, treatment, and research. The lack of biomarkers and the potential for symptoms to be misunderstood, invalidated, or dismissed can leave patients, families, and healthcare professionals at a loss. Stigma exacerbates suffering and unmet needs of patients and families, and can result in poor clinical management
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Galantamine beyond Alzheimer’s disease—a fact or artefact? CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Ahmed Naguy; Khaled Husain; Bibi Alamiri
Galantamine is US-Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. However, its unique pharmacological portfolio speaks to the idea of a pluripotent agent with a broad therapeutic potential. Here, authors briefly discuss these off-label clinical indications synthesizing the extant evidence.
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Proinflammatory biomarkers are associated with prediabetes in patients with schizophrenia CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Marco Møller; Simon Fredholm; Mathias E. Jensen; Gitta Wörtwein; Julie R. Larsen; Tina Vilsbøll; Niels Ødum; Anders Fink-Jensen
Background Treatment with antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers are present in patients with T2D. We previously demonstrated that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide significantly reduced glucometabolic disturbances and body weight in prediabetic, overweight/obese schizophrenia-spectrum
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Differentiating tardive dyskinesia: a video-based review of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in clinical practice CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Robert A. Hauser; Jonathan M. Meyer; Stewart A. Factor; Cynthia L. Comella; Caroline M. Tanner; Rose Mary Xavier; Stanley N. Caroff; Leslie Lundt
Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) are imperative, as its symptoms can be highly disruptive to both patients and their caregivers. Misdiagnosis can lead to incorrect interventions with suboptimal or even deleterious results. To aid in the identification and differentiation of TD in the psychiatric practice setting, we review its clinical features and movement phenomenology
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A scoping review on paraneoplastic autoimmune limbic encephalitis (PALE) psychiatric manifestations CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 João Costa Fernandes; João Gama Marques
The term limbic encephalitis has been used with an oncological precedent for over 50 years and, since then, has been applied in relation to multiple antibodies found in its etiological process. Over the last decade, the psychiatric community has brought paraneoplastic autoimmune limbic encephalitis (PALE) to a new light, scattering the once known relationships between said screened antibodies responsible
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Is there a relationship between morphological and functional platelet changes and depressive disorder? CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Claudia Tagliarini; Manuel Glauco Carbone; Giovanni Pagni; Donatella Marazziti; Nunzio Pomara
Background Blood platelets, due to shared biochemical and functional properties with presynaptic serotonergic neurons, constituted, over the years, an attractive peripheral biomarker of neuronal activity. Therefore, the literature strongly focused on the investigation of eventual structural and functional platelet abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly in depressive disorder. Given
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Neural circuits of anxiolytic and antidepressant pherine molecules CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Louis Monti; Michael R. Liebowitz
In this review, we describe proposed circuits mediating the mechanism of action of pherines, a new class of synthetic neuroactive steroids with demonstrated antianxiety and antidepressant properties, that engage nasal chemosensory receptors. We hypothesize that afferent signals triggered by activation of these peripheral receptors could reach subgroups of olfactory bulb neurons broadcasting information
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Parasomnias in patients with addictions—a systematic review CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Ulises Jiménez-Correa; Rafael Santana-Miranda; Andrés Barrera-Medina; Juan M. Martínez-Núñez; Hernán A. Marín-Agudelo; Adrián Poblano; Carlos H. Schenck; Irma Hernández-Berber
Parasomnias are involuntary behaviors or subjective experiences during sleep. Our objective was to review existing information on the presence of parasomnias in patients with addictions or during treatment for addictions. Information about parasomnias related to rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in patients with addictions, while using substances or in abstinence, was reviewed. A systematic
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Neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review of literature CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Wael Ibrahim
Background The exact incidence of neurological complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remains unknown. Neurological symptoms are more common with severe form of the disease. Through neuro-invasion, the virus can affect both neurons and glial cells and induce wide range of neurological pathologies. Objectives To systematically assess the neurological manifestations in patients
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Obsessive–compulsive disorder—contamination fears, features, and treatment: novel smartphone therapies in light of global mental health and pandemics (COVID-19) CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Baland Jalal; Samuel R. Chamberlain; Trevor W. Robbins; Barbara J. Sahakian
This review aims to shed light on the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with a focus on contamination fears. In addition, we will briefly review the current therapies for OCD and detail what their limitations are. A key focus will be on discussing how smartphone solutions may provide approaches to novel treatments, especially when considering global mental health and the challenges imposed
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Safety and effectiveness of lurasidone in adolescents with schizophrenia: results of a 2-year, open-label extension study CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Christoph U. Correll; Robert L. Findling; Michael Tocco; Andrei Pikalov; Ling Deng; Robert Goldman
Background Minimal long-term benefit: Risk data are available regarding antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia in pediatric populations. This study evaluated the long-term safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of lurasidone in adolescents with schizophrenia.Methods Patients aged from 13 to 17 who completed 6 weeks of double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled treatment with lurasidone were enrolled
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Montreal cognitive assessment for evaluating cognitive impairment in Huntington’s disease: a systematic review CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Elena Cecilia Rosca; Mihaela Simu
Objective This study aims to systematically review evidence of the accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for evaluating the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD) and to outline the quality and quantity of research evidence available about the use of the MoCA in this population. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review, searching four databases
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The Cal-DSH diversion guidelines CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Michael A. Cummings; Charles Scott; Juan Carlos Arguello; Ai-Li W. Arias; Ashley M. Breth; Darci Delgado; Phil D. Harvey; Jonathan M. Meyer; Jennifer O’Day; Megan Pollock; George Proctor; Tiffany Rector; Benjamin Rose; Eric Schwartz; Helga Thordarson; Katherine Warburton; Stephen M. Stahl
The Cal-DSH Diversion Guidelines provide 10 general guidelines that jurisdictions should consider when developing diversion programs for individuals with a serious mental illness (SMI) who become involved in the criminal justice system. Screening for SMI in a jail setting is reviewed. In addition, important treatment interventions for SMI and substance use disorders are highlighted with the need to
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The complex interactions amongst serotonin, insulin, leptin and glycolipid metabolic parameters in human obesity. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Donatella Marazziti,Laura Betti,Stefano Baroni,Lionella Palego,Federico Mucci,Barbara Carpita,Ivan Mirco Cremone,Ferruccio Santini,Laura Fabbrini,Caterina Pelosini,Alessandro Marsili,Enrico Massimetti,Gino Giannaccini,Liliana Dell'Osso
Objective To provide evidence to the link between serotonin (5-HT), energy metabolism, and the human obese phenotype, the present study investigated the binding and function of the platelet 5-HT transporter (SERT), in relation to circulating insulin, leptin, and glycolipid metabolic parameters. Methods Seventy-four drug-free subjects were recruited on the basis of divergent body mass index (BMIs) (16
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Lurasidone and Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: Results from Short and Long-term Clinical Studies in Patients with Schizophrenia. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Michael Tocco,John W Newcomer,Yongcai Mao,Andrei Pikalov,Antony Loebel
Objective To assess the effects of treatment with lurasidone on risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Rates of metabolic syndrome during treatment with lurasidone (40-160 mg/d) were analyzed using pooled, short-term data from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (vs olanzapine and quetiapine XR); long-term data from two active-comparator-controlled
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A 6 month follow up study on response and relapse rates following an acute trial of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in patients with Major Depression. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Chiara Arici,Beatrice Benatti,Rita Cafaro,Laura Cremaschi,Luca Degoni,Sara Pozzoli,Lucio Oldani,Laura Molteni,Federica Giorgetti,Alberto Priori,Caterina Viganò,Bernardo Dell'Osso
Background Little is known about the post-acute effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with major depression. The present study focused on the 6-month follow-up of a sample of patients with major depression, after the completion of an acute 4 weeks rTMS trial, with the aim of evaluating response (in terms of sustained and late response) and relapse rates. Methods
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A Framework for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Functional Neurological Disorder. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Daniel L Drane,Negar Fani,Mark Hallett,Sahib S Khalsa,David L Perez,Nicole A Roberts
The symptoms of functional neurological disorder (FND) are a product of its pathophysiology. The pathophysiology of FND is reflective of dysfunction within and across different brain circuits that, in turn, affects specific constructs. In this perspective article, we briefly review five constructs that are affected in FND: emotion processing (including salience), agency, attention, interoception, and
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Current and future nonstimulants in the treatment of pediatric ADHD: monoamine reuptake inhibitors, receptor modulators, and multimodal agents CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Andrew J. Cutler; Gregory W. Mattingly; Rakesh Jain; Welton O'Neal
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the single most common neuropsychiatric disorder with cognitive and behavioral manifestations, often starts in childhood and usually persists into adolescence and adulthood. Rarely seen alone, ADHD is most commonly complicated by other neuropsychiatric disorders that must be factored into any intervention plan to optimally address ADHD symptoms. With
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Application of a staging model in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: cross-sectional and follow-up results CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Beatrice Benatti; Giulia Lucca; Riccardo Zanello; Fabio Fesce; Alberto Priori; Nicola Poloni; Camilla Callegari; Leonardo F. Fontenelle; Bernardo Dell’Osso
Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and disabling condition with frequent chronic course. Staging models applied to psychiatric disorders seek to define their extent of progression at a particular time-point and differentiate early, milder clinical phenomena from those characterizing illness progression and chronicity. In OCD patients, a staging model has been recently proposed
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Effects of the number of hospitalizations on cognitive function in Japanese patients with stable schizophrenia. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Hikaru Hori,Kiyokazu Atake,Asuka Katsuki,Reiji Yoshimura
Background The present study aimed to determine whether the number of hospitalizations in schizophrenia patients is associated with reduced cognitive performance, which may in turn imply that recurrences indirectly lead to a worsening in the disorder’s progression. Methods Cognitive performance in stable schizophrenia patients was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese-language
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Sexual response in obsessive-compulsive disorder: the role of obsessive beliefs. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 Andrea Pozza,Donatella Marazziti,Federico Mucci,Nicole L Angelo,Davide Prestia,Davide Dèttore
Background. Sexual response in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) research and practice is overlooked. According to the Dual Control Model, satisfactory sexual response is based upon a balance of sexual excitation and inhibition. The assessment of sexual response in OCD may have clinical implications, such as the integration of sex therapy in psychotherapeutic intervention. The present study was aimed
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Altered dynamic interactions within frontostriatal circuits reflect disturbed craving processing in Internet gaming disorder. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Ningning Zeng,Min Wang,Haohao Dong,Xiaoxia Du,Guang-Heng Dong
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Is treatment-resistant schizophrenia associated with distinct neurobiological callosal connectivity abnormalities? CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 Idaiane Batista Assunção-Leme,André Zugman,Luciana Monteiro de Moura,João Ricardo Sato,Cinthia Higuchi,Bruno Bertolucci Ortiz,Cristiano Noto,Vanessa Kiyomi Ota,Sintia Iole Belangero,Rodrigo A Bressan,Nicolas A Crossley,Andrea P Jackowski,Ary Gadelha
Background. Resistance to antipsychotic treatment affects up to 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Although the time course of development of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) varies from patient to patient, the reasons for these variations remain unknown. Growing evidence suggests brain dysconnectivity as a significant feature of schizophrenia. In this study, we compared fractional anisotropy
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Schizotypal personality disorder in clinical obsessive-compulsive disorder samples: a brief overview. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 Luigi Attademo,Francesco Bernardini
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and disabling mental disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that cause major distress and impair important areas of functioning. About 9 out of 10 patients with OCD have comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. A high proportion of clinically diagnosed OCD patients fulfill diagnostic criteria of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder
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Motor Activity Patterns Can Distinguish Between Inter-Episode Bipolar Disorder Patients and Healthy Controls. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Jakub Schneider,Eduard Bakštein,Marian Kolenič,Pavel Vostatek,Christoph U Correll,Daniel Novák,Filip Španiel
Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to circadian rhythm disruptions resulting in aberrant motor activity patterns. We aimed to explore whether motor activity alone, as assessed by longitudinal actigraphy, can be used to classify accurately BD patients and healthy controls (HCs) into their respective groups. Methods Ninety-day actigraphy records from 25 interepisode BD patients (ie, Montgomery–Asberg
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General impulsivity in binge-eating disorder. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Rebecca G Boswell,Carlos M Grilo
Background. The nature and significance of impulse-control difficulties in binge-eating disorder (BED) are uncertain. Most emerging research has focused on food-specific rather than general impulsivity. The current study examines the clinical presentation of patients with BED categorized with and without clinical levels of general impulsivity.Method. A total of 343 consecutive treatment-seeking patients
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Efficacy and safety of topiramate in binge eating disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Mikail Nourredine,Lucie Jurek,Marine Auffret,Sylvain Iceta,Guillaume Grenet,Behrouz Kassai,Michel Cucherat,Benjamin Rolland
Background. To assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate in treating binge eating disorder (BED), using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs).Methods. The RCTs assessing topiramate vs placebo with or without adjunctive psychotherapy in BED were reviewed using a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic
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From checking the door to checking the app: assessment and treatment implications for obsessive-compulsive disorder in the digital era. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 Lior Carmi,Joseph Zohar,Oded Ben Arush,Sharon Morein-Zamir
In the last 20 years, technology is increasingly integrated into daily life. Daily interactions with smart devices have become routine with much of our lives taking place in a digital environment. It is therefore not surprising that the manifestations of psychiatric disorders including Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder have changed in recent years reflecting this reality. Clinicians should be aware of
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Dementia-Related Psychosis and the Potential Role for Pimavanserin. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 Jeffery L Cummings,D P Devanand,Stephen M Stahl
Dementia-related psychosis (DRP) is prevalent across dementias and typically manifests as delusions and/or hallucinations. The mechanisms underlying psychosis in dementia are unknown; however, neurobiological and pharmacological evidence has implicated multiple signaling pathways and brain regions. Despite differences in dementia pathology, the neurobiology underlying psychosis appears to involve dysregulation
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Post-traumatic stress symptoms in an Italian cohort of subjects complaining occupational stress. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Rodolfo Buselli,Claudia Carmassi,Martina Corsi,Sigrid Baldanzi,Gianmarco Battistini,Martina Chiumiento,Gabriele Massimetti,Liliana Dell'Osso,Alfonso Cristaudo
Objective. Work-related stress presents a significant impact on work performance and physical health. It has been associated with the onset of a multitude of symptoms. The main aim of this investigation is to better understand the impact of post-traumatic stress symptomatology, using a specific self-assessment questionnaire, in subjects experiencing occupational stress with the rationale to address
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Autistic traits in young adults who gamble. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Jon E Grant,Samuel R Chamberlain
Background. Little is known about the relationship between autistic traits and addictive behaviors such as problem gambling. Thus, the present study examined clinical characteristics and multiple facets of cognition in young adults who gamble and have autistic traits.Methods. A total of 102 young adults who gamble were recruited from two Mid-Western university communities in the United States using
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Role of obesity in systemic low-grade inflammation and cognitive function in patients with bipolar I disorder or major depressive disorder. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Mu-Hong Chen,Ju-Wei Hsu,Kai-Lin Huang,Shih-Jen Tsai,Tung-Ping Su,Cheng-Ta Li,Wei-Chen Lin,Pei-Chi Tu,Ya-Mei Bai
Background. Studies have suggested the detrimental effects of obesity and systemic inflammation on the cognitive function of patients with bipolar or major depressive disorder. However, the complex associations between affective disorder, obesity, systemic inflammation, and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods. Overall, 110 patients with affective disorder (59 with bipolar I disorder and 51
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Effect of Vortioxetine in Subjects with Major Depressive and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Six-Months Retrospective Analysis. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 Marco Di Nicola,Maria Pepe,Isabella Panaccione,Lorenzo Moccia,Luigi Dattoli,Marzia Molinaro,Gabriele Sani,Luigi Janiri,Roger S McIntyre
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly comorbid, with greater clinical complexity and psychosocial impairment. Several antidepressants have been used in this population, with mixed results. This preliminary study aims to investigate the effects of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine in MDD + AUD subjects. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 57 MDD + AUD
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Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy (MSBP): a review regarding perpetrators of Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA). CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 Nuzhat Abdurrachid,João Gama Marques
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is well-known to clinicians, but its usage is discouraged now in favor of other terms placing emphasis on the victim. This study aims to determine the most common characteristics of perpetrators but only in case reports labeled as MSBP, published in PubMed literature in the past 15 years. MSBP has been described as a rare form of abuse due to illness falsification
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Head circumference in infants with non-opiate-induced neonatal abstinence syndrome. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Daisaku Morimoto,Yosuke Washio,Kazuki Hatayama,Tomoka Okamura,Hirokazu Watanabe,Junko Yoshimoto,Hirokazu Tsukahara
Background. No relationship has been reported between nonopiate neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and anthropometric indices, including head circumference (HC). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal nonopioid drug use and HC at birth in neonates with NAS.Methods. This retrospective observational study included neonates born between January 1, 2010 and March 31
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Cocaine use in university students: relationships with demographics, mental health, risky sexual practices, and trait impulsivity. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 Samuel R Chamberlain,Katherine Lust,Jon E Grant
Background. Cocaine is increasingly used on a recreational basis by the general population with potential implications for mental health. The aim of this study was to assess how common cocaine use is, and its mental health associations, in a large sample of university students.Methods. Approximately 10 000 university students were invited to take part in an online survey, which assessed the use of
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Efficacy and safety of dasotraline in adults with binge-eating disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose clinical trial. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 Carlos M Grilo,Susan L McElroy,James I Hudson,Joyce Tsai,Bradford Navia,Robert Goldman,Ling Deng,Justine Kent,Antony Loebel
Objective. The aim of this fixed-dose study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasotraline in the treatment of patients with binge-eating disorder (BED).Methods. Patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for BED were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of dasotraline (4 and 6 mg/d), or placebo. The primary efficacy
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Mental pain and pain-proneness in patients with migraine: results from the PAINMIG cohort-study. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Fiammetta Cosci,Andrea Svicher,Giovanni Mansueto,Silvia Benemei,Alberto Chiarugi,Francesco De Cesaris,Jenny Guidi,Stephan Zipfel
Background. Pain has been qualified under four categories: nociception, perception of pain, suffering, and pain behaviors. Most of the literature on migraine has devoted attention to the first two. The aim of the present cohort study was to investigate patients with migraine enrolled at a tertiary care unit to study suffering and mental pain and identify potential risk factors for migraine.Methods
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The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in nicotine addiction. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 Funda Akkus,Sylvia Terbeck,Connor J Haggarty,Valerie Treyer,Janan Janine Dietrich,Stefanie Hornschuh,Gregor Hasler
This review summarizes the evidence for the potential involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the development of nicotine addiction. Nicotine is consumed worldwide and is highly addictive. Previous research has extensively investigated the role of dopamine in association with reward learning and addiction, which has provided strong evidence for the involvement of dopaminergic neuronal
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Exploring the clinical profile of problematic pornography use. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Campbell Ince,Murat Yücel,Lucy Albertella,Leonardo F Fontenelle
Background Although problematic pornography use (PPU) will soon be diagnosable through the International Classification for Diseases, 11th revision, its clinical profile remains contentious. The current study assessed whether PPU may be characterized by various symptoms sometimes observed among online recovery forums that currently lack empirical assessment, such as heightened cognitive-affective issues
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Defining Effective Strategies to Prevent Post-Traumatic Stress in Healthcare Emergency Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Claudia Carmassi,Giancarlo Cerveri,Eric Bui,Camilla Gesi,Liliana Dell'Osso
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A randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy compared to prolonged exposure for post-traumatic stress disorder: preliminary findings. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Érica Panzani Duran,Felipe Corchs,Andrea Vianna,Álvaro Cabral Araújo,Natália Del Real,Cláudio Silva,Ana Paula Ferreira,Paula De Vitto Francez,Cláudio Godói,Helena Silveira,Lina Matsumoto,Cristiane Maluhy Gebara,Tito Paes de Barros Neto,Raquel Chilvarquer,Luciana Lima de Siqueira,Marcio Bernik,Francisco Lotufo Neto
Background. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health condition that is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities and changes in quality of life. Prolonged exposure therapy (PE) is considered the gold standard psychological treatment for PTSD, but treatment resistance and relapse rates are high. Trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT) is an effective treatment for depression
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N-acetyl-cysteine in schizophrenia-there is more than meets the eyes! CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Ahmed Naguy,Camellia Naguy
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Response to: Eculizumab package insert recommendations for meningococcal vaccinations: call for clarity and a targeted approach for use of the drug in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Sean J Pittock,Ilene Weitz,James F Howard,Guido Sabatella,Sunil Mehta,Jeremy Franklin
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The long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics-merits and demerits! CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Ahmed Naguy,Seshni Moodliar-Rensburg,Bibi Alamiri
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Deconstructing violence in acutely exacerbating psychotic patients. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Andrea Nichtová,Jan Volavka,Jan Vevera,Kateřina Příhodová,Veronika Juríčková,Anna Klemsová,Marek Páv,Věra Strunzová,Tereza Příhodová,Marcela Nocárová,Eva Papoušková,Petr Žižka,Lucie Kališová
Background This study examined the proximate causes of psychotic patients’ aggression upon the admission to the psychiatric wards of a university and two state hospitals.Methods The authors used a semistructured interview to elicit proximate causes of assaults from the assailants and victims. The treating psychiatrists and nurses provided additional information. Based on this interview, aggressive
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Adjunctive treatment with psychostimulants and stimulant-like drugs for resistant bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Evangelia Maria Tsapakis,Antonio Preti,Michael D Mintzas,Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
Background Depression is considered to be the most difficult to treat phase of bipolar disorder as patients experience residual symptoms causing long-term disability. This work aims to explore the role of add-on stimulant and stimulant-like medication in resistant bipolar depression patients. Methods Systematic review of add-on stimulants and stimulant-like drugs in resistant bipolar depression by
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A social history of serious mental illness. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 Brendan Daugherty,Katherine Warburton,Stephen M Stahl
Despite medical, technological, and humanitarian advances, the criminalization of those with serious mental illness continues. This is not an isolated phenomenon. The benefits of treatment reform and innovation are difficult to maintain or sometimes outright harmful. Across time and geography, the care of those with serious mental illness tends towards maltreatment, be it criminalization or other forms
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Camouflaging: psychopathological meanings and clinical relevance in autism spectrum conditions. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Liliana Dell'Osso,Primo Lorenzi,Barbara Carpita
In the last decade, increasing literature focused on camouflaging as a strategy adopted to cope with social environment by patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A better understanding of this phenomenon may shed more light on cognitive mechanisms and coping strategies of patients in the autism continuum, eventually leading to reconsider some previous “dogmas” in this field, such as the gender
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor among patients with alcoholism. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 Candelaria Martín-González,Lucía Romero-Acevedo,Camino María Fernández-Rodríguez,Lilian Medina-Vega,Alen García-Rodríguez,Paula Ortega-Toledo,Lourdes González-Navarrete,Víctor Eugenio Vera-Delgado,Emilio González-Reimers
Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neurogenesis and in the protection against oxidative damage and neuronal apoptosis. After exercise, there is an increased expression of this myokine, especially in skeletal muscle and brain. Low BDNF levels have been described in neurodegenerative diseases. Alcoholics show both muscle atrophy and brain atrophy. Thus, this study was
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Outcome in depression (I): why symptomatic remission is not good enough. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 Koen Demyttenaere,Glenn Kiekens,Ronny Bruffaerts,Philippe Mortier,Philip Gorwood,Lorcan Martin,Massimo Di Giannantonio
Background. The Leuven Affect and Pleasure Scale (LAPS) is a depression outcome measure aiming to better reflect patient treatment expectations. We investigated the evolution of the LAPS and some comparator scales during antidepressant treatment and compared scores of remitters with scores of healthy controls. Methods. A total of 109 outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Outcome in depression (II): beyond the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 Koen Demyttenaere,Glenn Kiekens,Ronny Bruffaerts,Philippe Mortier,Philip Gorwood,Lorcan Martin,Massimo Di Giannantonio
Background. The Leuven Affect and Pleasure Scale (LAPS) was developed as an outcome measure in major depressive disorder (MDD) tha treflects patient treatment expectations. The present report investigates whether the LAPS negative affect, the LAPS positive affect, and the LAPS hedonic tone have added value on top of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) in explaining generic as well as patient-centered
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Dopamine D3 partial agonists in the treatment of psychosis and substance use disorder comorbidity: a pharmacological alternative to consider? CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Daniel Hernández-Huerta,Jessenia Morillo-González
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The report of the joint WPA/CINP workgroup on the use and usefulness of antipsychotic medication in the treatment of schizophrenia. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Konstantinos N Fountoulakis,Hans-Jurgen Moeller,Siegfried Kasper,Carol Tamminga,Shigeto Yamawaki,Rene Kahn,Rajiv Tandon,Christoph U Correll,Afzal Javed
This is a report of a joint World Psychiatric Association/International College of Neuropsychopharmacology (WPA/CINP) workgroup concerning the risk/benefit ratio of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. It utilized a selective but, within topic, comprehensive review of the literature, taking into consideration all the recently discussed arguments on the matter and avoiding taking sides
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Substance-related exogenous psychosis: a postmodern syndrome. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Giovanni Martinotti,Luisa De Risio,Chiara Vannini,Fabrizio Schifano,Mauro Pettorruso,Massimo Di Giannantonio
There is growing recognition that substance use is associated with the emergence of psychosis.Elements of post-modernity dominate contemporary social contexts and operate as existential background factors that contribute to the emergence of substance-related psychotic phenomena, particularly use of potent and highly rewarding novel psychoactive substances (NPS). About 25% of first-episode psychoses
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Deficit schizophrenia and its features are associated with PON1 Q192R genotypes and lowered paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzymatic activity: effects on bacterial translocation. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Andressa K Matsumoto,Michael Maes,Thitiporn Supasitthumrong,Annabel Maes,Ana P Michelin,Laura de Oliveira Semeão,João V de Lima Pedrão,Estefania G Moreira,Buranee Kanchanatawan,Decio S Barbosa
Background. Primary deficit schizophrenia (DS) is characterized by enduring negative symptoms and represents a qualitatively different disease entity with respect to non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS). No studies investigated the association between the enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and DS and its phenomenology.Methods. In this case-control study, Thai women and men, aged 18 to 65 years, were divided in
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Plasma redox and inflammatory patterns during major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional investigation in elderly patients with mood disorders. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 Barbara Carpita,Laura Betti,Lionella Palego,Natalia Bartolommei,Lucia Chico,Livia Pasquali,Gabriele Siciliano,Fabio Monzani,Riccardo Franchi,Sara Rogani,Federico Mucci,Camilla Elefante,Lorenzo Lattanzi,Donatella Marazziti,Gino Giannaccini,Liliana Dell'Osso
Background. While both depression and aging have been associated with oxidative stress and impaired immune response, little is known about redox patterns in elderly depressed subjects. This study investigates the relationship between redox/inflammatory patterns and depression in a sample of elderly adults.Methods. The plasma levels of the advanced products of protein oxidation (AOPP), catalase (CAT)
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Long-term safety and durability of effect with a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label extension study. CNS Spectr. (IF 3.356) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Sergey Yagoda,Christine Graham,Adam Simmons,Christina Arevalo,Ying Jiang,David McDonnell