ABSTRACT Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a diverse class of neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the corticospinal tract of the body and result in various clinical conditions such as lower limb spasticity and muscle weakness in the lower extremities. Worldwide, more than 70 chromosomal loci/genes have been reported to be associated with HSPs, out of which, six genes viz., ATL1,

ABSTRACT Objectives: Ischemic stroke (IS) is often associated with long-lasting physical deficits, linked to emotional symptoms (ES) and lowered quality of life (QoL). However, recent observations raised doubts regarding the traditional perspective of solely impairment-driven ES. In fact, anxiety and depression were also reported after transient ischemic attack (TIA) with a per definition absence of

ABSTRACT Objectives: Systematically review the medical literature for the impact of beta-blockers on mortality and functional capacity in patients who suffered severe traumatic brain injury. Data Sources: The search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Ovid Evidence-Based Medicine, clinical trial registries, and bibliographies. Study Selection: All articles that reported outcome in TBI patients treated with

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to discover whether insulin resistance is an independent predictor for antiplatelet drug resistance in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: This study used a prospective cohort method. Patients diagnosed as minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled successively. All patients have been administrated aspirin and/or clopidogrel

ABSTRACT Purpose: To establish an animal model of adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration by performing spinal fixation and fusion after percutaneous needle puncture and removal of the intervertebral disc or percutaneous needling of the vertebral body without removal of the intervertebral disc. Methods: We established a model of adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration after spinal fixation and

ABSTRACT Background The aims of this study were to determine the relationships between changes inlatency and amplitude of the P300 event-related potential component and cognitive impairmentsin patients after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a minor stroke and to assess thesuitability of the P300 for screening for cognitive impairments. Material and Method Sixty-five TIA or minor stroke patients

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to show that short-lasting (90 s) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 20 Hz delivered over the left primary motor cortex (M1) is able to change the shape of recruitment curve of the corticospinal pathway. Methods: The corticospinal pathway was studied during tACS by means of the relationship between the intensity of transcranial magnetic

ABSTRACT Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) has high disability rate and low cure rate, which frustrates the patients and brings a heavy burden to their families. This study aimed to explore whether NF-κB1 could induce the expression of LINC00665 and form a feedback loop with miR-34a-5p to regulate inflammation and apoptosis of neurons. Results: Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring was decreased

ABSTRACT Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) often presents soon after the onset of a recognized clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). In order to interpret data from CIS trials, it is important to know whether patients presenting as classical CIS provide group data representative of RRMS. Objective We aimed to determine whether or not MS patients presenting soon after the onset of symptoms with clinically

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although one of the most common monogenic late-onset neurodegenerative disorders, fragile-X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is still underdiagnosed. The aim of the present study was to estimate the frequency of premutation carriers in patients with unexplained degenerative ataxias, action tremor or parkinsonism, and action tremor with or without associated cognitive

ABSTRACT Objective: In patients with spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (ICH), early-stage hematoma expansion has been associated with poor prognosis in literature. This study aimed to develop predictive parameter(s) as well as a new scale to define hematoma expansion and short-term prognosis in patients with ICH. Methods: In 46 patients with ICH, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, non-contrast CT (NCCT)

ABSTRACT Objective: Management of patients after failed epilepsy surgery is still challenging. Advanced diagnostic and intraoperative tools including magneto-encephalography (MEG) as well as neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iopMRI) may contribute to a better postoperative seizure outcome in this patient group. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients after

ABSTRACT Initiating the transcriptional activation of neuronal genes, DNA topoisomerase IIβ (topo IIβ) has a crucial role in neural differentiation and brain development. Inhibition of topo IIβ activity causes shorter axons and deteriorated neuronal connections common in neurodegenerative diseases. We previously reported that topo IIβ silencing could give rise to neurodegeneration through dysregulation

ABSTRACT Background: To determine the correlation of inflammatory and platelet volume indices with the severity of stroke and 3-month clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for AIS patients who underwent EVT at our hospital from 2015 to 2019. Inflammatory factors, including white blood count

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the impact of shoulder subluxation (SS) on peripheral nerve conduction and function of the hemiplegic upper extremity (HUE) in poststroke patients. Methods: Thirty post-stroke patients were selected (SS group: 15 patients, non-SS group: 15 patients, respectively). Evaluation of nerve conduction in upper limbs: the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the effect on vascular dementia of involuntary exercise induced by functional electrical stimulation and of forced and voluntary exercise, focusing on the recovery of cognitive function and using a rat model of dementia. Methods: A demential model was created in Wistar rats who were then given forced exercise, allowed voluntary exercise (wheel running) or had exercise

ABSTRACT Objective In healthy subjects, there is a reduction in the amplitudes of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) after the simultaneous stimulation of two nerves compared to the sum of separate stimulations. This reduction is due to the inhibition of one area in the cortex after stimulation of the neighboring area, which results from the surround inhibition (SI) phenomenon. In this study, we

(2020). Neurosurgical community in Southeast Europe: expanding the horizons. Neurological Research: Vol. 42, Neurosurgical community in Southeast Europe: Expanding the horizons, pp. 993-994.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to report the data of genetic counseling and to identify the clinical features of Turkish Huntington’s disease (HD) patients and to investigate its possible relationship with genetic data. Method: A regular weekly outpatient clinic has been held routinely since January 2018. Patients and their referred relatives have been evaluated regarding clinical features and

ABSTRACT Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal motor neuron disease. Hypoxic stress is suspected as the pathogenesis of ALS, however, no positron emission tomography (PET) study for hypoxic stress has been conducted in the spinal cord of ALS patients. Methods: In the present study, we examined cervical spinal hypoxic stress of nineALS patients with upper extremity

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the prognostic effect of pre-treatment factors in patients with spinal metastases secondary to lung cancer, and establish a novel predicting nomogram for predicting the survival probability. Methods A total of 209 patients operated for spinal metastases from lung cancer were consecutively enrolled, and divided into the training and validation samples with a ratio of

ABSTRACT Objectives: High sodium intake is associated with a higher risk of stroke. However, global patterns and trends in the stroke burden attributable to high sodium intake have not been systematically assessed. Methods: We used the numbers and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) of the stroke burden attributable to high sodium intake by

ABSTRACT Objective: In addition to the split hand sign, other split phenomena of different muscles also exist in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We analyzed the incidence of split phenomena in multiple antagonistic muscle groups in ALS patients and explored whether clinical factors affected their occurrence. Methods: 618 ALS patients were included from a single ALS center. Muscle strength in upper

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of posterior fossa decompression (PFD) and superficial durotomy in patients who underwent surgery for Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1). Materials and Methods: Our study included 54 patients with the diagnosis of CM1 who had surgery between January 2012 and June 2019. The patients were divided into two groups according to the

ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study was to measure the level of translocator protein (TSPO) in patients with intracerebral hematoma (ICH) and to determine whether TSPO can predict ICH outcomes. Method: Patients with ICH were recruited at Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University between January 2018 and May 2020. The level of TSPO and inflammatory factors were analyzed by enzyme-linked

ABSTRACT Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial to avoid future disability. The factors that influence diagnostic delay in low prevalence settings have been poorly studied. Objectives: To evaluate the factors associated with a delayed diagnosis of MS after the symptomatic onset. Methods: Clinical records of confirmed MS patients were reviewed. Diagnostic delay

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to investigate factors related to in-hospital mortality (IHM) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods: We prospectively investigated 827,314 patients who were admitted within 7 days of AIS between August 2015 and July 2019. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were assessed. Univariate and multivariate

ABSTRACT Objectives : To detect and compare the features of interictal perfusion and volume asymmetry between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with and without hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Methods : Sixty-one TLE patients (mean age 28.4 ± 9.3 years; 28 female/33 male) with unilateral signs of HS (TLE-HS+) and 25 TLE patients (mean age 29.8 ± 8.0 years; 17 female/8 male) without HS (TLE-HS-) were

ABSTRACT Tirofiban can be used to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirofiban combined with heparin in the treatment of mild to moderate AIS. A total of 98 patients with mild to moderate AIS randomly were divided into 2 groups within 48 h: the treatment group treated with tirofiban and, and the control group treated with aspirin +

ABSTRACT Background and purpose: To investigate the effect of Emodin on the inflammatory response of brain tissue and the expression of the TLR3 pathway in mice with herpes virus encephalitis. Method: Twenty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the NS group, HSV-1 group, HSV-1 + Emodin group and HSV-1 + ACV group. The histopathological features and the effect of TLR3 expression were observed

ABSTRACT Background : Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the two most common movement disorders in adults with similar clinical symptoms, which is hinting towards existence of coincident pathogenesis steps. Objectives : The objective of this report is to characterize the relationship between ET and PD severity and the activity of calcium-dependent proteases calpain in plasma. Methods

ABSTRACT TNF-α is an important cytokine of the inflammatory response involved in the pathogenesis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The aim of this study is to explore the association between the promoter polymorphism −308G/A in the TNF-α gene (rs1800629) with genetic susceptibility to RRMS. Methods: A group of 183 RRMS patients and 169 age and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled

ABSTRACT Background: In this study, we sought to provide an idea for establishing a novel mouse model for Parkinson’s disease (PD) through intranasal administration of paraquat instead of the conventional method of intraperitoneal injection. Intranasal administration has the potential to lower mortality caused by intraperitoneal paraquat administration. Methods: A paraquat-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel

ABSTRACT Objectives Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative problem correlated with neuronal damage. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in neuronal damage in PD development. This research aims to analyze the function and mechanism of LINC00943 in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-caused neuronal injury. Methods MPP+-challenged SK-N-SH cells served as a PD-like model of neuronal damage

ABSTRACT Objectives: To demonstrate that a BRASS score≥ 3 at admission of intubated, ventilated and sedated patients is predictive of mortality Methods: we have realized an Observational prospective multicenter study. All Major patients without neurological history, admitted to ICU for a non-neurological cause, sedated and admitted under mechanical ventilation were included. Results: One hundred and

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative functional imaging and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) facilitate surgery and improve outcomes in the surgical treatment of cavernous malformations of the brain (CM). Materials and Methods: Retrospective data analysis was performed for consecutive patients diagnosed with a CM who underwent surgical treatment

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) syndrome is one of the most deleterious complications after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a promising non-invasive method to evaluate various hemodynamic parameters in cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to clarify whether ASL with multiple post-labeling delays (PLDs) can predict postoperative CHP after

ABSTRACT Background: Surgery of parasagittal meningiomas (PSMs) is still technically challenging, for the balance between radical resection and preservation of venous circulation. In this article, we’d systemically introduce the technical nuances of a simplified strategy for radical resection of all types of PSMs. All the cases were operated by one single neurosurgeon from a single institution. Methods:

ABSTRACT Objective Stroke, a cerebrovascular disease, has been introduced as the second cause of death and physical disability in the world. Recently, cell-based therapy has been considered by the scientific community as a promising strategy for reducing ischemic damages. The stem cells of the umbilical cord release growth and neurotrophic factors. The remarkable properties of these cells are the reason

ABSTRACT Objective Long-term behavioral, mood, and cognitive deficits affect over 30% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of the present study was to examine the neurobehavioral outcomes following endovascular perforation induced SAH in mice. Methods C57BL/6 J (B6) mice were exposed to endovascular perforation induced SAH or control surgery. Three weeks later, mice received a series

ABSTRACT Objective: Early permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for hydrocephalus during the first 2 weeks after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) shortens the duration of external ventricular drainage (EVD) and reduces EVD-associated infections (EVDAI). The objective of this study was to detect any association with symptomatic delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), or delayed cerebral

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the beneficial effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived motor neurons in the human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase1 (hSOD1)G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice. Methods The BDNF gene was transfected into hUC-MSC-derived motor neurons by the lentivirus-mediated method. hSOD1G93A

ABSTRACT Aim This study aimed to explore the role of lncRNA leukemia inhibitory factor receptor antisense RNA 1 (LIFR-AS1) on glioma and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The expression of LIFR-AS1 and miR-4262 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-RCR) in both glioma tissues and cell lines. Colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate whether dexmedetomidine can improve postoperative neurocognitive function after cardiopulmonary bypass in rats. Methods A total of 45 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group, control group, and dexmedetomidine (Dex) group. The rats in the sham group received skin excision and blood vessel ligation treatment, rats in the control group received

ABSTRACT A nerve conduction study (NCS) is routinely undertaken for the differential diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Prolonged median motor distal latency (MMDL) has been reported in a subset of patients with ALS. This study aimed to investigate the clinical importance of NCS characteristics in patients with ALS. A total of 75 patients who underwent NCS were enrolled in this study

ABSTRACT Objective: Diagnosis of idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) relies solely on clinical and radiological criteria while, unlike other neurological diseases, the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid markers is not used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the overlapping of neurodegenerative diseases affects the long-term shunt efficacy and this occurrence should be detected before surgery

ABSTRACT Objectives To report the results of a retrospective series and a technical note about the anterolateral approach for the treatment of the rotational occlusion syndrome (ROS) involving the subaxial V2 segment of the vertebral artery (VA). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of a cohort of patients that underwent an anterolateral approach to decompress the VA as they suffered from ROS

ABSTRACT Objectives The goal of treatment in essential thrombocytosis (ET) is to prevent vascular complications such as thrombosis and hemorrhage. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of cerebrovascular microembolism in ET patients due to detection of microembolic signals (MES) and measure cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. Material and Methods In this

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the effect of motivation on improvements in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores in subacute stroke patients with cognitive impairment. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 358 consecutive subacute stroke patients with first-ever stroke and Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤23 at admission. We determined motivation and rehabilitation outcome

ABSTRACT Background Although studies have indicated that the small posterior fossa plays a role in hemifacial spasm (HFS), few studies have denoted the correlations between local measurements of the cerebellopontine angle and the incidence of HFS and surgical outcomes. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the demographic and clinical data of HSF patients who underwent microvascular decompression at

ABSTRACT Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease. The adaptation to MS depends on the effectiveness of coping, which moderates the process of adaptation and psychological well-being. Objectives We aimed to analyze the coping strategies of an Argentinean population of patients with MS (PwMS) and their association with clinical variables and health-related

ABSTRACT Purpose It is compulsory to make a tension-free, end-to-end repair in transected injuries. However, when it comes to longer defects, placement of an autograft or nerve conduits is required. The present study was designed to assess regenerative potential of silymarin nanoparticles loaded into chitosan conduit on peripheral nerve regeneration in a transected sciatic nerve model in rat. Methods

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the prevalence of disability among ICU survivors one year after admission, and which factors influence functional outcome. Methods We examined consecutive patients enrolled in the population-based Mayo Clinic Olmsted Study of Aging and then admitted to medical or surgical adult ICUs at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2014 to determine one-year

ABSTRACT Introduction Previously published studies demonstrated that mutations in CWF19L1 cause early-onset autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia 17. In this article, we report a novel homozygous missense variant in CWF19L1 in two sisters who had late-onset cerebellar ataxia with epilepsy and describe their clinical and neuroradiological findings. Methods We included two female patients with typical

ABSTRACT Objective As an intravenous anesthetic, propofol has been exhibited to provide excellent clinical analgesia. Whether propofol has amelioration property for NP and neuroinflammation remains unexplored. The present study was arranged to probe the role of propofol in the mitigation of NP and neuroinflammation in rats and underlying mechanisms. Methods Rats were randomly classified into the following

Objective To determine if the motor response on the stimulated manual muscle test (SMMT) in muscles with a grade 0 motor score on the manual muscle test (MMT) can differentiate lower motor neuron (LMN) from upper motor neuron (UMN) injury based on the presence of spontaneous activity (SA) with needle EMG. Design Prospective Study. Participants/Methods Twenty-one subjects with acute traumatic cervical

ABSTRACT Background The number of trauma systems has increased dramatically within the United States over the past 40 years. The implementation of these systems has contributed to a decrease in mortality and improved outcomes in patients with trauma. Several studies have evaluated the effect of implementation of these systems on outcomes, but few studies examine the effects of such systems specifically

ABSTRACT Objective Cognitive impairment usually occurs in the acute phase after stroke, but most stroke survivors experience some form of long-term cognitive deficit. The aim of this study was to establish the cutoff point of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Beijing) in screening for cognitive impairment (CI) at 6 months of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods A total

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the therapeutic effects of sumatriptan in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods Using an aneurysm mini-clip model of contusive SCI, T9-10 laminectomies were performed for 60 male rats. Animals were divided into six experimental groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: a minocycline