ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate whether dexmedetomidine can improve postoperative neurocognitive function after cardiopulmonary bypass in rats. Methods A total of 45 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group, control group, and dexmedetomidine (Dex) group. The rats in the sham group received skin excision and blood vessel ligation treatment, rats in the control group received

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the beneficial effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived motor neurons in the human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase1 (hSOD1)G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice. Methods The BDNF gene was transfected into hUC-MSC-derived motor neurons by the lentivirus-mediated method. hSOD1G93A

ABSTRACT Aim This study aimed to explore the role of lncRNA leukemia inhibitory factor receptor antisense RNA 1 (LIFR-AS1) on glioma and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The expression of LIFR-AS1 and miR-4262 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-RCR) in both glioma tissues and cell lines. Colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow

ABSTRACT Objective: Diagnosis of idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) relies solely on clinical and radiological criteria while, unlike other neurological diseases, the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid markers is not used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the overlapping of neurodegenerative diseases affects the long-term shunt efficacy and this occurrence should be detected before surgery

ABSTRACT Objectives To report the results of a retrospective series and a technical note about the anterolateral approach for the treatment of the rotational occlusion syndrome (ROS) involving the subaxial V2 segment of the vertebral artery (VA). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of a cohort of patients that underwent an anterolateral approach to decompress the VA as they suffered from ROS

ABSTRACT A nerve conduction study (NCS) is routinely undertaken for the differential diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Prolonged median motor distal latency (MMDL) has been reported in a subset of patients with ALS. This study aimed to investigate the clinical importance of NCS characteristics in patients with ALS. A total of 75 patients who underwent NCS were enrolled in this study

ABSTRACT Objectives The goal of treatment in essential thrombocytosis (ET) is to prevent vascular complications such as thrombosis and hemorrhage. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of cerebrovascular microembolism in ET patients due to detection of microembolic signals (MES) and measure cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography. Material and Methods In this

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the effect of motivation on improvements in the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores in subacute stroke patients with cognitive impairment. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 358 consecutive subacute stroke patients with first-ever stroke and Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤23 at admission. We determined motivation and rehabilitation outcome

ABSTRACT Background Although studies have indicated that the small posterior fossa plays a role in hemifacial spasm (HFS), few studies have denoted the correlations between local measurements of the cerebellopontine angle and the incidence of HFS and surgical outcomes. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the demographic and clinical data of HSF patients who underwent microvascular decompression at

ABSTRACT Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative and inflammatory disease. The adaptation to MS depends on the effectiveness of coping, which moderates the process of adaptation and psychological well-being. Objectives We aimed to analyze the coping strategies of an Argentinean population of patients with MS (PwMS) and their association with clinical variables and health-related

ABSTRACT Purpose It is compulsory to make a tension-free, end-to-end repair in transected injuries. However, when it comes to longer defects, placement of an autograft or nerve conduits is required. The present study was designed to assess regenerative potential of silymarin nanoparticles loaded into chitosan conduit on peripheral nerve regeneration in a transected sciatic nerve model in rat. Methods

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the prevalence of disability among ICU survivors one year after admission, and which factors influence functional outcome. Methods We examined consecutive patients enrolled in the population-based Mayo Clinic Olmsted Study of Aging and then admitted to medical or surgical adult ICUs at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2014 to determine one-year

ABSTRACT Introduction Previously published studies demonstrated that mutations in CWF19L1 cause early-onset autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia 17. In this article, we report a novel homozygous missense variant in CWF19L1 in two sisters who had late-onset cerebellar ataxia with epilepsy and describe their clinical and neuroradiological findings. Methods We included two female patients with typical

ABSTRACT Objective As an intravenous anesthetic, propofol has been exhibited to provide excellent clinical analgesia. Whether propofol has amelioration property for NP and neuroinflammation remains unexplored. The present study was arranged to probe the role of propofol in the mitigation of NP and neuroinflammation in rats and underlying mechanisms. Methods Rats were randomly classified into the following

Objective To determine if the motor response on the stimulated manual muscle test (SMMT) in muscles with a grade 0 motor score on the manual muscle test (MMT) can differentiate lower motor neuron (LMN) from upper motor neuron (UMN) injury based on the presence of spontaneous activity (SA) with needle EMG. Design Prospective Study. Participants/Methods Twenty-one subjects with acute traumatic cervical

Background The number of trauma systems has increased dramatically within the United States over the past 40 years. The implementation of these systems has contributed to a decrease in mortality and improved outcomes in patients with trauma. Several studies have evaluated the effect of implementation of these systems on outcomes, but few studies examine the effects of such systems specifically on traumatic

Objective Cognitive impairment usually occurs in the acute phase after stroke, but most stroke survivors experience some form of long-term cognitive deficit. The aim of this study was to establish the cutoff point of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Beijing) in screening for cognitive impairment (CI) at 6 months of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods A total of 301 stroke

Objectives To investigate the therapeutic effects of sumatriptan in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods Using an aneurysm mini-clip model of contusive SCI, T9-10 laminectomies were performed for 60 male rats. Animals were divided into six experimental groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: a minocycline administered

Objective The main aim of this study was to determine the impact of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) on severity and frequency of drooling in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) secondary to Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Methods This is a prospective longitudinal observational study including 23 children who received bilateral injections of BTX in the parotid and submandibular glands. The Thomas-Stonell &

Objectives To evaluate the use of peripapillary microperimetry in the diagnosis and follow-up of medically and surgically treated cases of papilledema due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Methods This study was a prospective non-comparative observational case series of patients with IIH. All patients underwent full ophthalmological examination, radiological imaging, and lumbar puncture

Objectives The main goal of this study was to assess the level of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and its differentiation across the seasons among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). The additional aim was to determine whether socio-demographical, injury, and seasonal factors are determinants of LTPA. Methods This study included 51 adults with SCI, who completed the LTPA questionnaire for

Objective Brachial plexus injuries are among the most complex injuries of the peripheral nervous system and among the most devastating injuries overall. In complete lesions, functional priorities include the reinnervation of the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves for proximal functions restoration. Three major nerves – radial, median, and ulnar – and the corresponding muscles remain denervated, which

Objective The supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approach is frequently used for the treatment of lesions in the pineal and posterior third ventricle region and can be performed in a sitting or prone position. We describe our experience with the purely endoscopic SCIT approach, using a prone position, with neck extension and head rotation. Methods We analysed all paediatric and adult patients operated

Objectives Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent high-flow vascular lesions made up of a complex network of feeding arteries and draining veins interposed by a nidus and without a capillary bed. The management of the AVMs represents a challenge, and the optimal treatment should be considered based on the particularities of each AVM. This paper aims to provide outcome data for the cohort

Objective Minimally invasive procedures in spine surgery have undergone significant development in recent times. A demand emerged from both surgeons and patients to develop and perform these types of surgeries in order to prevent biomechanical and surgical complications. Our study aimed to present early clinical results of a biportal endoscopy technique in the treatment of degenerative spinal stenosis

Objectives The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of neurosurgical operative treatment on the performance status assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) in patients with HGG for the first, for the second intervention and for the different age groups. Methods A group of 425 patients operated consecutively for high-grade gliomas were included in this study. The performance status

Objectives Radiological and clinical cerebral vasospasm (CV) is defined either as a delayed narrowing of cerebral arteries after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) or/and occurrence of new neurological deficit/worsening of Modified Glasgow coma score for 2 or more points. The objective of this study is to determine the presence and correlation between clinical and radiological presence of vasospasm

Background and Purpose Readmission within 30 days of index acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after hospitalization increases the burden on patients and healthcare expense. The purpose of our study was to investigate predictors and causes of 30-day readmission after AIS and investigate hospitalization expenses, length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality of 30-day readmission. Methods This is a multicenter

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Readmission within 30 days of index acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after hospitalization increases the burden on patients and healthcare expense. The purpose of our study was to investigate predictors and causes of 30-day readmission after AIS and investigate hospitalization expenses, length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality of 30-day readmission. METHODS This is a multicenter

OBJECTIVES Radiological and clinical cerebral vasospasm (CV) is defined either as a delayed narrowing of cerebral arteries after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) or/and occurrence of new neurological deficit/worsening of Modified Glasgow coma score for 2 or more points. The objective of this study is to determine the presence and correlation between clinical and radiological presence of vasospasm

OBJECTIVE The supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approach is frequently used for the treatment of lesions in the pineal and posterior third ventricle region and can be performed in a sitting or prone position. We describe our experience with the purely endoscopic SCIT approach, using a prone position, with neck extension and head rotation. METHODS We analysed all paediatric and adult patients operated

OBJECTIVES Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent high-flow vascular lesions made up of a complex network of feeding arteries and draining veins interposed by a nidus and without a capillary bed. The management of the AVMs represents a challenge, and the optimal treatment should be considered based on the particularities of each AVM. This paper aims to provide outcome data for the cohort

OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive procedures in spine surgery have undergone significant development in recent times. A demand emerged from both surgeons and patients to develop and perform these types of surgeries in order to prevent biomechanical and surgical complications. Our study aimed to present early clinical results of a biportal endoscopy technique in the treatment of degenerative spinal stenosis

OBJECTIVES The objective of our study is to evaluate the impact of neurosurgical operative treatment on the performance status assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) in patients with HGG for the first, for the second intervention and for the different age groups. METHODS A group of 425 patients operated consecutively for high-grade gliomas were included in this study. The performance status

Introduction The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial threat to the health of healthcare personnel on the front line of caring for COVID-19 patients. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services previously announced that all non-essential planned surgeries and procedures should be postponed until further notice and only urgent procedures should proceed. Methods We share

Objective:  Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal tumors in adult central nervous system with a median survival of a year and half and effective therapeutic strategy is urgently needed. For that reason, stem cell-based suicide gene therapies have attracted much interest because of potent tumor tropism of stem cells and bystander effect. In this current clinical situation, stem cells are promising

Objective An adequate knowledge of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is oriented to the morphological sciences, clinical management and surgical planning of the posterior fossa. We aimed to determine the morphology of AICA in a sample from Colombian population. Method We studied 92 AICA from fresh cadavers. For each specimen, the vertebral arteries were injected with 100 cc of semi-synthetic

Objective The influence of disability-perception on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains unclear. This study investigated impact of disability and disability-perception on HRQoL of stroke survivors and explores the moderating effect of disability-severity. Methods Post-stroke disability, disability-perception/acceptance and HRQoL were assessed in 102 stroke survivors using the World Health

Objectives After cerebral ischaemia the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may be compromised and this has been observed in both clinical and preclinical studies. The timing of BBB disruption after ischaemia has long been considered to be biphasic, however some groups contest this view. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the BBB permeability timecourse in a rat model at both acute and

Background Many studies support the hypothesis that brain glucose dysregulation contributes to neurodegeneration and disease progression. The SLC2A3 gene encodes the Neuronal Glucose Transporter 3 (GLUT3), a critical molecule for glucose transport into the neuron. The GLUT3 rs12842 polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Epidemiological

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease across the world. The major cause of AD is extensive oxidative stress and inflammation in central nervous system (CNS). Vitamin D3 and E are the most known vitamins that control oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory function. They may prevent neuronal loss in AD. Few studies have been conducted to assess the

Objective Preliminary evidence has documented functional connectivity during the cognitive task in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, evidence of effective neural connectivity with respect to information flow between different brain regions during complex tasks is missing. The present paper aims to provide insights into the cognition-based neural dynamics reflecting information exchange in brain

Objective After a neurosurgical procedure, dural closure is commonly needed to prevent cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) leakage and to reduce the risk of complications, including infections and chronic inflammatory reactions. Although several dural substitutes have been developed, their manufacturing processes are complicated and costly and that many of them have been implicated in causing postoperative

Background and purpose The predictive effect of blood cell ratio on ischemic event has been widely confirmed. Whether PWR and PNR can assess the risk of endovascular treatment (EVT) is largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PNR and PWR in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with EVT. Methods Poor functional outcome was defined as Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3-6

Background Correlation coefficients between blood pressure and cerebral oxygen saturation measured using near-infrared spectrometry may be used to derive the tissue oximetry index of cerebral autoregulation. Cerebral oxygen saturations demonstrate poor agreement between near-infrared spectrometers however it is unclear if measurements of autoregulation are similarly specific to the equipment used.

Aim This study aimed to reveal insight into the unclear areas of the diagnosis in neurobrucellosis and to decide the neuropsychiatric manifestations and cognitive impairment among patients with brucellosis. Methods 82 patients with serologically confirmed brucellosis were included and divided into two groups according to the neuropsychiatric manifestations, the first group included 18 patients with

Objectives We aimed to investigate the protective effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage in a mouse ischemia model and the possible underlying mechanism. Methods Mice were divided equally into five groups: Sham, I/R, Vehicle, I/R plus CsA (10 mg/kg), and I/R plus CsA (20 mg/kg). Nerve function scores, infarct volume, brain water content, and Evans blue (EB) leakage

Objective The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ERS-related neuronal apoptosis contribute to the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (-)-Clausenamide has been reported to be nootropic and improve learning and memory in amnesia animal models. However, whether (-)-Clau could protect neurons from ischemic injury and the possible mechanism needed further study. The present study aimed to explore

Objectives Although hearing has been shown to interact with sleep, the underlying mechanisms for the interaction remain largely unclear. In the absence of knowledge about the neural pathways that are associated with hearing-sleep interaction, this study aimed to examine whether the auditory radiation, the final portion of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex, shows association

Objective Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are common and complex. Some evidences suggest that interferon beta (IFN-β), a first line disease modifying therapy can be involved in the induction of sleep architecture changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize actigraphic patterns in MS patients treated with IFN-β. Methods Ten relapsing remitting MS patients with

Objectives To explore clinical features and compare of the difference between conservative treatment and surgical treatmentin prognosis of intracranial aneurysms associated with moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods 104 patients with MMD a ssociated with intracranial aneurysms diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA) were retrospectively analyzed. Results

Objectives The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects and related mechanisms of hypothermia on oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by cardiac arrest (CA)-induced brain damage in rats. Methods The CA/CPR model was initiated by asphyxia. Body temperature in the normothermia and hypothermia groups was maintained at 37°C ± 0.2°C and 34°C ± 0.2°C, respectively, by surface cooling with

Introduction Previous studies reveal that a newly described white matter pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), connecting inferior and superior frontal gyri has a role in speech and language functions. We explored the role of this tract in a phonemic and semantic fluency tasks in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Methods Thirty-five MS patients with varying

Objective Traumatic spine injuries are a relatively common occurrence and are associated with functional impairment, loss of neurologic function, and spinal deformity. A number of spinal trauma classification systems have been developed with varying degrees of acceptance. This review provides a chronological overview of spinal trauma classification systems, with special consideration towards the benefits

(2020). The pursuit of cures for cerebral disease persists, even through a pandemic. Neurological Research: Vol. 42, Cures for Cerebral Disease, pp. 619-620.

Objective Cerebral blood flow (CBF) mapping of single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) is considered a gold standard for evaluating cerebral perfusion. However, invasiveness, high costs and strict technical requirements can limit its clinical use. We aimed to evaluate the concordance of CBF maps obtained from SPECT and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance (PCASL-MR) imaging

Background Post-stroke autonomic nervous dysfunction measured with heart rate variability (HRV) is correlated with the traditional risk factors and poor outcome. This study aimed to investigate the association between HRV and infarct locations, etiology subtypes, and neurological functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods In this prospective observational study, 186 consecutive

Objects Post-stroke aphasia (PSA) often have non-linguistic cognitive impairment. We aimed to ascertain its characteristics of non-linguistic cognitive impairment and the corresponding changes in white matter microstructures. Methods Ten patients with PSA and 17 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA) were used to assess non-linguistic cognitive

Background and aims The protective role of intracranial primary collaterals on plaque vulnerability is not well established. We aimed to explore the association of intracranial collateral status with arterial wall features including arterial remodeling and culprit plaque features in severe symptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis (sIVBAS). Methods Posterior circulation stroke or TIA

Background Patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have poor functional outcomes. This study investigated the status of hospitalized patients with ICH based on multicenter inpatient information. Methods We analyzed data from the hospital information systems (HISs) of 14 tertiary hospitals, including 6 Chinese medicine hospitals and 8 western hospitals from 7 provinces and 2 municipalities