Objectives There is a little available information about the fatigue status among people receiving modified constraint induced movement therapy. The study examined such changes. The effect of using restraint on motor performance was also evaluated in sub acute phase after stroke. Materials and methods The study was designed as two group pretest and post-test study. The experimental design included

Objective:Although studies on the efficacy of the rehabilitation robot are increasing, there are few reports using the robot for gait training in the actual clinical setting. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of gait training using Welwalk in hemiparetic stroke patients in a real clinical setting. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 36 hemiparetic stroke patients

Introduction Carotid web is a radiographic entity located in the posterior aspect of the origin of the internal carotid arteries, considered to be a pathologic equivalent to intimal fibromuscular dysplasia, and has been implicated in acute ischemic strokes. The mechanism underlying its development is unknown and it remains unclear if this lesion is congenital or acquired. The aim of our study was to

Objectives While the intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy for acute ischemic stroke patients with cancer is recommended when survival of ≥ 6 months is expected, the risk factors for death and stroke recurrence within 6 months after stroke are not well known. Thus, we aimed to identify markers for death and recurrence risks within six months from stroke onset in patients

Introduction Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological emergency of research interest; however, unlike ischemic stroke, has not been well studied in large datasets due to the lack of an established administrative claims-based definition. We aimed to evaluate both explicit diagnosis codes and machine learning methods to create a claims-based definition for this clinical phenotype

Herein, we report abdominal aortic thrombosis as a rare cause of acute spinal cord infarction. A 78-year-old man with multiple vascular risk factors developed acute paraplegia with sensory and urinary disturbances and signs of ischemia in both lower limbs. The post-mortem study done 3 days after the onset of symptoms revealed a large coagulum in the abdominal aorta, distal to the renal arteries and

Background Inflammation occurs after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and complement C1q is involved in inflammation. However, studies about the association of complement C1q with AIS are still rare. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between serum C1q concentration and the clinical severity of AIS. Methods: A total of 1294 patients were enrolled in our study, including 647 patients

Background The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems and this may affect stroke care and outcomes. This study examines the changes in stroke epidemiology and care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. Methods This study is part of the CASCADE international initiative. From February 18, 2019, to July 18, 2020, we followed ischemic and

Objective Clinical grading scales used for prognostication in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage facilitate informed-decision making for resource-intensive interventions. Numerous clinical prognostic scores are available for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. However, these have not been validated well in Asian patients, and the most appropriate scoring system remains debatable. We evaluated the

Background/Objective To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions and outcomes in patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Single-center retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the hospital with acute ischemic stroke, between December 1st, 2019 and June 30th, 2020. Outcomes were classified as none-to-minimal disability, moderate-to-severe disability, and

Introduction Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is strongly associated with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, but is not routinely evaluated in ischemic stroke patients. A method using the logarithmic transformation of the ratio of the plasma concentration of triglycerides (TGY) to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)[(Log[TGY/HDL-C])] has been described as a surrogate marker for sdLDL termed the atherogenic

Objective We examined the impact of expansion of the time window (from 3 to 4.5 hours) in the labeled indication for recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in August 2012 on the use of rt-PA for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and the outcomes of patients treated with rt-PA. Materials and Methods Using a Japanese nationwide inpatient claims database, we identified patients with

Background and Purpose Dysphagia in the acute phase of stroke contributes significantly to poor outcomes and is associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. Therefore, an accurate evaluation of swallowing is necessary before initiating oral food intake. The modified water swallow test (MWST) and the repetitive saliva swallow test (RSST) are commonly used as bedside screening

Introduction There is strong evidence that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) training improves fitness and mobility after stroke. Despite the large number of studies, the most efficacious dose is yet to be determined. Furthermore, the safety of early post-stroke training, while theoretically beneficial, remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to determine the maximum safe and tolerable intensity

Encephalopathy in COVID-19 has been widely reported with several reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) speculated to be due to an abrupt surge in blood pressure caused by coronavirus disease. Though peripartum posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is well recognized, its atypical variant with hemorrhage is uncommon. Peripartum atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy

Bilateral ICA agenesis is a rare developmental anomaly of the anterior circulation. It can be accompanied by various posterior circulation abnormalities including aneurysms, dolichoectatic vessels. We report the clinical presentation, imaging findings and management of a unique case of a 25 year old man having bilateral internal carotid agenesis with cerebellar ischemic lesions secondary to thrombus

A 67-year-old man with a high position carotid plaque presented with severe pain in ipsilateral parotid region several days after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The pain occurred at the first bite of each meal and resolved as further bite. We diagnosed the pain as first bite syndrome (FBS). FBS is infrequent but known as a complication associated with parapharyngeal space surgery. The pain is characterized

Background There are no reported cases of negative CT head in the first six hours after a thunderclap headache in a patient found to have an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods We present a case of an anemic patient who experienced aneurysmal SAH with a negative head CT within the first 6 h following thunderclap headache. Results A 47-year-old woman presented with a thunderclap headache

SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with ischemic stroke as well as systemic complications such as acute respiratory failure; cytotoxic edema is a well-known sequelae of acute ischemic stroke and can be worsened by the presence of hypercarbia induced by respiratory failure. We present the case of a very rapid neurologic and radiographic decline of a patient with an acute ischemic stroke who developed

Background and Aim Patients with acute ischemic stroke associated with cancer have D-dimer elevations greater than those with acute ischemic stroke or cancer alone. While D-dimer has been proposed as a screening tool to identify such patients, its use in clinical practice to identify malignancy and to inform the use of CT scanning has not been well characterized. Methods We conducted a retrospective

Background Clinical changes after stroke can contribute to reduced mobility and negatively affect the survival of these individuals. The objective of this study was to verify factors associated with functional mobility in stroke individuals. Methods Crosssectional study carried out with stroke individuals in an outpatient clinic. Demographic and clinical data were collected and the following measures

Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak raised concerns over healthcare systems’ ability to provide suitable care to stroke patients. In the present study, we examined the provision of stroke care in Kobe City during the COVID-19 epidemic, where some major stroke centers ceased to provide emergency care. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The Kobe Stroke Network surveyed

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to grow all over the world. Neurological manifestations related to COVID-19, including acute ischemic Stroke (AIS), have been reported in recent studies. In most of these, the patients are older, have multiple co-morbidities as risk factors for AIS and have developed a severe respiratory illness. Herein, we report a 36-year-old man with no significant

Objectives Space-occupying cerebral edema is the main cause of mortality and poor functional outcome in patients with large cerebral artery occlusion (LVO). We aimed to determine whether recanalization of LVO would augment cerebral edema volume and the impact on functional outcome and quality of life (QoL). Materials and Methods Prospectively, 43 patients with large middle cerebral artery territory

Background : There has been increasing reports associating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with thromboembolic phenomenon including ischemic strokes and venous thromboembolism. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare neurovascular emergency that has been observed in some COVID-19 patients, yet much remains to be learnt of its underlying pathophysiology. Objective : We present a case series

Northwick Park Hospital in London, United Kingdom (UK) is one of the busiest stroke units in the country and is located in one of the areas most heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half of 2020. Admissions to the stroke unit and changes during the peak of COVID-19 were reviewed. Compared with the previous year, mean 96 patients were admitted with suspected stroke during April and

Objectives In-stent intimal restenosis (ISR) caused by neointimal hyperplasia can develop <24 months after carotid artery stenting (CAS). The utility of plaque imaging by carotid ultrasonography (US) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been investigated for the prediction of ipsilateral stroke. We aimed to investigate whether these imaging techniques are useful for detecting carotid plaques prone

Objective Frailty is a major problem in super-aged societies. Because frailty assessments are largely unstudied in acute stroke settings, few reports have evaluated the association between pre-stroke frailty and stroke severity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between pre-stroke frailty and stroke severity in elderly patients with acute stroke. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional

Spontaneous primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype associated with the highest mortality rate. High blood pressure (BP) is the most common cause of non-lobar ICH. Recent clinical trials have been inconclusive regarding the efficacy of aggressive BP lowering to improve ICH outcome. The association between high BP and ICH prognosis is rather complex and parameters other than absolute

Background Elevated blood pressure (BP) is common among patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions. The literature is inconsistent regarding the association between admission BP and outcome of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Moreover, it is unclear whether the first line thrombectomy strategy (stent retriever [SR] versus contact aspiration [CA]) modifies the relationship

A left atrial movable ball thrombus is unusual and may cause fatal systemic emboli or left ventricular inflow obstruction. Among movable ball thrombi, a spinning ball thrombus is a rare and devastating occurrence that results in cardioembolic stroke. Here, we report the case of an 88-year-old woman with a large spherical thrombus spinning in the left atrium when a catastrophic cardioembolic stroke

A 69-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with right hemiparesis and global aphasia. Perfusion computed tomography imaging revealed ischemic penumbra in the middle cerebral artery territory. Angiography showed left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Mechanical thrombectomy with one pass was performed, and successful recanalization was obtained. Embolic material was retrieved; it contained tumor

Objective The purpose of our study is to investigate the association of balance, motor and functional development parameters with trunk muscles via isokinetic analysis in stroke patients due to cerebrovascular event. Methods The study included 91 stroke patients and 28 healthy controls. Brunnstroom staging (BS) for motor functions, functional independence measurement (FIM) and Barthel index (BI) for

Introduction: More than half of reported perioperative strokes following cardiac surgery are identified beyond postoperative day one. The objective of our study was to determine preoperative and intraoperative factors that are associated with stroke following cardiac surgery and to identify factors that may contribute delayed recognition of perioperative stroke. Methods: Patients undergoing coronary

Background: Isolated medullary hemorrhage (MH) is an uncommon presentation of spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The relationship between MH and neurological outcome is not well known. This study aims to assess predictive parameters for the outcome of medullary hemorrhage. Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the literature for cases with spontaneous, isolated MH. The study was conducted

Background Cardiac emboli are important causes of (recurrent) ischaemic stroke. Aorta atherosclerosis might also be associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and clinical implications of CT-angiography (CTA) of the heart and aorta in the diagnostic workup of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke. Methods CTA of the heart and aortic

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has presented challenges to managing vascular risk factors with in-person follow-up of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis enrolled in the CREST2 trial. CREST2 is comparing intensive medical management alone versus intensive medical management plus revascularization with endarterectomy or stenting. We performed a study to evaluate the feasibility of a home-based

Background Early rehabilitation has been proved very important for stroke patients. However, the effective model of transitioning from early in-hospital rehabilitation to discharge rehabilitation using the collaborative remote rehabilitation nursing model has not been thoroughly studied. Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of collaborative care model based telerehabilitation exercise

Background and Purpose Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI)2b/3 has been considered the criterion for successful reperfusion in endovascular treatment. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic safety and efficacy of mTICI2b and mTICI3 recanalization, and to analyze the factors related to outcomes in everyday clinical practice. Materials and Methods This is a single-center retrospective

Background Local vibration can improve balance problems of individuals with stroke when applied to the plantar region. Aims This study aimed to determine the immediate effect of local vibration applied to the plantar region on fall risk and postural stability in patients with stroke. Study Design Randomized controlled study. Methods 30 patients (23 male,7 female) with stroke were randomized to either

Purpose To assess the benefit and radiation dose of four-dimensional (4D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) - a time resolved three-dimensional (3D) DSA application - to evaluate the flow and architecture of aneurysms and vascular malformations. Methods All patients with cerebrovascular disease were considered who underwent 4D-DSA at our institution between January 2015 and February 2016. For the

Objective Pharmacological inhibition of GABAergic synapses could represent a potent neuromodulation strategy to activate hippocampal neurons and increase neurotrophic factor gene expression, thus exerting a beneficial effect on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of low-level inhibition of GABAergic synapses on hippocampal gene expressions

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 has been associated with stroke, particular characteristics of these patients are not fully understood. The adequate management of these patients depends on the comprehension of factors such as temporality, clinical presentation and etiology. We hypothesize there is an important temporal relationship between COVID-19 severity and stroke onset. Methods a systematic

Background and Purpose Inter-hospital transfer for ischemic stroke is an essential part of stroke system of care. This study aimed to understand the national patterns and outcomes of ischemic stroke transfer. Methods and Results This retrospective study examined Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years undergoing inter-hospital transfer for ischemic stroke in 2012. Cox proportional hazards model was used

Objectives: To explore the association between rurality, transfer patterns and level of care with clinical outcomes of CVST patients in a rural Midwestern state. Materials and Methods: CVST patients admitted to the hospitals between 2005 and 2014 were identified by inpatient diagnosis codes from statewide administrative claims dataset. Records were linked across interhospital transfers using probabilistic

Objectives Although healthy lifestyle practices mitigate recurrent stroke risk and mortality, few stroke survivors adhere to them, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. We developed and pilot tested a occupational therapy-based lifestyle management intervention, Healthy Eating And Lifestyle after Stroke (HEALS), to improve stroke survivors’ self-management skills relating

Introduction Cocaine through multifactorial pathogenetic mechanisms causes small and large vessel occlusions (LVO) leading to acute ischemic stroke. The optimal treatment for cocaine related LVO remains unknown. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) poses a unique challenge, and successful MT are not widely reported. Material and Methods We report three patients with no other risk factors and a common history

Objective To establish reliability and validity of the abbreviated (10-item) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) among individuals post stroke. Method The psychometric properties of the CESD-10 were evaluated in 1219 adults with stroke admitted to an eligible inpatient rehabilitation facilities (n = 11) across 9 different states post stroke during 2005 to 2006. This study was

Background and Purpose Accurate prediction using simple and changeable variables is clinically meaningful because some known-predictors, such as stroke severity and patients age cannot be modified with rehabilitative treatment. There are limited clinical prediction rules (CPRs) that have been established using only changeable variables to predict the activities of daily living (ADL) dependence of stroke

Background Low red blood cell (RBC) levels are associated with worse intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcomes. However, relationships of RBC transfusions on ICH outcomes are unclear given the overlap of RBC transfusion, comorbidities, and disease severity. We investigated RBC transfusion relationships on ICH outcomes while accounting for comorbidities and disease severity. Methods ICH hospitalizations

Background MRI and CT modalities are both current standard-of-care options for initial imaging in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). MR provides greater lesion conspicuity and spatial resolution, but few series have demonstrated multimodal MR may be performed efficiently. Methods In a prospective comprehensive stroke center registry, we analyzed all anterior

Background and purpose At present, endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been gradually became a standard therapy for stroke patients caused by emergent large-vessel occlusion (ELVO). However, the question about whether EVT is superior to medical treatment for mild stroke patients presenting with a low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score remains unclear. The aim of this

Objectives Moyamoya disease is a unique cerebrovascular disorder that is characterized by chronic bilateral stenosis of the internal carotid arteries and by the formation of an abnormal vascular network called moyamoya vessels. In this stury, the authors inspected whether differentiation between patients with moyamoya disease and those with atherosclerotic disease or normal controls might be possible

Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an occlusive cerebrovascular disease, causing stroke in children and young adults with unknown etiology. The fundamental pathology is fibrocellular intimal thickening of cerebral arteries, in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are observed as one of the major cell types. Although the characteristics of circulating smooth muscle progenitor cells have been

Background and Purpose Expert consensus guidelines recommend optimizing global risk factor control in diabetic stroke survivors to improve outcomes. Since relatively little is known about the adequacy of risk factor control among diabetic stroke survivors in sub-Saharan Africa, we sought to assess control rates of key traditional risk factors among Ghanaian stroke survivors with diabetes. A secondary

Background Time to revascularization is critical in improving outcomes in stroke thrombolysis. We studied the effectiveness of a mobile app based strategy to improve door-to-needle time (DNT) in treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods Consecutive patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke to the emergency department at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India between April 2017 - September

Background Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare but potentially severe complication of carotid artery revascularisation that develops under conditions of resistant postoperative hypertension and impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation. Objective Was to determine which preoperative and operative factors affect the development of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy. Methods

Background and objectives Studies using YouTube data for various diseases are rapidly increasing. This study aimed to investigate the educational quality, reliability and accuracy of the YouTube videos concerning repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applications in patients with stroke. Methods This is a descriptive study. A video based search on YouTube was performed on April 18th,

Introduction We aimed to identify factors associated with rapid infarct progression during inter-facility transfer for endovascular thrombectomy evaluation and its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with anterior circulation large artery occlusion within 24 h of onset transferred within our 17 hospital tele-stroke network were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into fast progressors

Background & Objective Homocysteine is possibly associated with cerebral small vessel diseases such as leukoaraiosis, silent brain infarction and cerebral microbleeds, which are in turn associated with cognitive dysfunction. We aimed to examine the relationships between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and plasma total homocysteine (tH